Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493
Emma D. Watkins
This book sought to ‘find children’s voices in the past’ but with the acknowledgment of the ‘theoretical impossibility of directly and simply reading “experience” or “voice”’ (9). This collection h...
{"title":"Children’s voices from the past: new historical and interdisciplinary perspectives","authors":"Emma D. Watkins","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","url":null,"abstract":"This book sought to ‘find children’s voices in the past’ but with the acknowledgment of the ‘theoretical impossibility of directly and simply reading “experience” or “voice”’ (9). This collection h...","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"156 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48470142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497
Roy Kozlovsky
ABSTRACT The essay examines the integration of psychological expertise into the planning of the post-war children’s hospital in England. Its main objects of analysis are the Platt Report (1959), which conceptualized the child’s emotional needs and fears as distinct from those of adults, and the Nuffield Foundation’s study Children in Hospital (1963), one of the earliest attempts to develop a scientific methodology for integrating subjective experience into an architectural brief. The children’s hospital was conceptualized in relation to the familiar environments of the home and the school, to maintain their emotional stability in an unfamiliar social and technological environment. In the ways in which it sequenced admittance, treatment, recovery and discharge, the spatial organization of the children’s hospital not only reflected new ways of thinking about children and their emotions, but also promoted new desires, expectations, and truths regarding the relationship between children, parents, medical personnel and the state.
{"title":"Programming Emotional Care: The Nuffield Study of the Children’s Hospital, 1963","authors":"Roy Kozlovsky","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The essay examines the integration of psychological expertise into the planning of the post-war children’s hospital in England. Its main objects of analysis are the Platt Report (1959), which conceptualized the child’s emotional needs and fears as distinct from those of adults, and the Nuffield Foundation’s study Children in Hospital (1963), one of the earliest attempts to develop a scientific methodology for integrating subjective experience into an architectural brief. The children’s hospital was conceptualized in relation to the familiar environments of the home and the school, to maintain their emotional stability in an unfamiliar social and technological environment. In the ways in which it sequenced admittance, treatment, recovery and discharge, the spatial organization of the children’s hospital not only reflected new ways of thinking about children and their emotions, but also promoted new desires, expectations, and truths regarding the relationship between children, parents, medical personnel and the state.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"121 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60434875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496
Stephanie Z. Pilat, P. Sanzà
ABSTRACT During the Fascist rule in Italy (1922–43), the regime sponsored and encouraged the construction of thousands of children’s summer camps or colonie (singular colonia) as part of a mission to shape the physical bodies and minds of the youngest citizens of the nation. Although the colonia building type originated in the nineteenth century, the regime adapted the type to their aims and constructed thousands of new camps throughout Italy, from the Alps to the shorelines of rivers, lakes, and seas. Some were tiny, no more than basic shelters; others resembled small cities. Many are known for their simple lines, profound conceptual gestures, and for fostering majestic and remarkable childhood experiences. This paper analyses three colonie, in Cesenatico, Cattolica, and Legnano, to understand how the regime’s desire to create the Fascists of the future was translated into built form(s) by an array of young architects.
{"title":"Architectural Pragmatism and Poetry: Childhood in Fascist Era Summer Camps","authors":"Stephanie Z. Pilat, P. Sanzà","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the Fascist rule in Italy (1922–43), the regime sponsored and encouraged the construction of thousands of children’s summer camps or colonie (singular colonia) as part of a mission to shape the physical bodies and minds of the youngest citizens of the nation. Although the colonia building type originated in the nineteenth century, the regime adapted the type to their aims and constructed thousands of new camps throughout Italy, from the Alps to the shorelines of rivers, lakes, and seas. Some were tiny, no more than basic shelters; others resembled small cities. Many are known for their simple lines, profound conceptual gestures, and for fostering majestic and remarkable childhood experiences. This paper analyses three colonie, in Cesenatico, Cattolica, and Legnano, to understand how the regime’s desire to create the Fascists of the future was translated into built form(s) by an array of young architects.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791492
L. McKerr
Although acknowledgement of children in the archaeological record has been very welcome, the significance of the relationship between mothers and infants is only just beginning to be considered; th...
{"title":"The Mother-Infant Nexus in Anthropology. Small Beginnings, Significant Outcomes","authors":"L. McKerr","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791492","url":null,"abstract":"Although acknowledgement of children in the archaeological record has been very welcome, the significance of the relationship between mothers and infants is only just beginning to be considered; th...","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"153 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60434772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791498
Anthony Raynsford
ABSTRACT In 1970, Sim Van der Ryn, professor of architecture at the University of California in Berkeley, together with a group of collaborators, who included the schoolchildren themselves, embarked on a series of experiments in alternative school designs. The emphasis was on breaking down the institutional spatial order into smaller, ad hoc, personalised spaces, or else spaces for unexpected encounters. By the early 1970s, a new generation of architects had begun to critique what they considered to be the repressive ideological apparatus of the classroom, with its rigid seating arrangements, furnishings, lesson plans, and hourly divisions – in short, the whole pedagogical apparatus of what Michel Foucault called the ‘disciplinary society’. While this and similar experiments, I argue, had limited effect on subsequent school buildings, most of which remained institutionally conventional, they foreshadowed the work spaces of new companies in Silicon Valley and elsewhere that promoted creativity and collaboration among elite employees.
摘要1970年，加州大学伯克利分校建筑系教授Sim Van der Ryn和包括学生在内的一群合作者开始了一系列替代学校设计的实验。重点是将机构的空间秩序分解为更小的、临时的、个性化的空间，或者用于意外相遇的空间。到20世纪70年代初，新一代建筑师开始批评他们认为压抑的课堂意识形态装置，包括僵硬的座位安排、家具、课程计划和每小时的划分——简而言之，就是米歇尔·福柯所说的“学科社会”的整个教学装置。我认为，虽然这项实验和类似的实验对随后的学校建筑影响有限，其中大多数仍然是制度上的传统，但它们预示着硅谷和其他地方新公司的工作空间将促进精英员工的创造力和协作。
{"title":"Educating a ‘Creative Class’: Anti-Disciplinary School Architecture in the Early 1970s","authors":"Anthony Raynsford","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1791498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791498","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1970, Sim Van der Ryn, professor of architecture at the University of California in Berkeley, together with a group of collaborators, who included the schoolchildren themselves, embarked on a series of experiments in alternative school designs. The emphasis was on breaking down the institutional spatial order into smaller, ad hoc, personalised spaces, or else spaces for unexpected encounters. By the early 1970s, a new generation of architects had begun to critique what they considered to be the repressive ideological apparatus of the classroom, with its rigid seating arrangements, furnishings, lesson plans, and hourly divisions – in short, the whole pedagogical apparatus of what Michel Foucault called the ‘disciplinary society’. While this and similar experiments, I argue, had limited effect on subsequent school buildings, most of which remained institutionally conventional, they foreshadowed the work spaces of new companies in Silicon Valley and elsewhere that promoted creativity and collaboration among elite employees.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"138 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1791498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47997714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738630
Kirsty E. Squires
ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century the Staffordshire pottery industry was in its heyday. Despite global interest in the Staffordshire potteries and associated collieries, very little research has explored the lives of children that worked in these industries. This research aims to redress the balance. Testimonies of workers, teachers, doctors and government officials, alongside clinical and census data will be used to gain an insight into juvenile well-being. This research has found that children worked in perilous environments which consequently affected their health and development. Furthermore, juveniles were at risk of physical abuse from their carers at home and in the workplace. Long working hours, poverty and domestic responsibilities prevented children from attending school and enjoying leisurely pursuits. However, the well-being of children gradually improved over the course of the century due to the implementation of new legislation.
{"title":"All Work and No Play? The Well-Being of Children Living and Working in Nineteenth-Century Staffordshire, England","authors":"Kirsty E. Squires","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1738630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738630","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century the Staffordshire pottery industry was in its heyday. Despite global interest in the Staffordshire potteries and associated collieries, very little research has explored the lives of children that worked in these industries. This research aims to redress the balance. Testimonies of workers, teachers, doctors and government officials, alongside clinical and census data will be used to gain an insight into juvenile well-being. This research has found that children worked in perilous environments which consequently affected their health and development. Furthermore, juveniles were at risk of physical abuse from their carers at home and in the workplace. Long working hours, poverty and domestic responsibilities prevented children from attending school and enjoying leisurely pursuits. However, the well-being of children gradually improved over the course of the century due to the implementation of new legislation.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"60 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47261997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1739281
Esme Hookway, Kirsty E. Squires
ABSTRACT The revival of monasticism in the eleventh century promoted greater seclusion of monks and the re-positioning of care offered to the community. The increasing prevelance of leprosy also prompted the development of hospitals as independent foundations. These factors contributed to the establishment of over 1000 hospitals in England during the medieval period (AD 1050–1550). Documentary evidence relating to the inhabitants of these sites, particularly non-adults, is scarce. Over the past twenty years, archaeological excavations and bioarchaeological studies of medieval hospital cemeteries across England, have produced an increasing body of evidence which is revealing new information about hospital inhabitants. This paper will provide an overview of current approaches to the study of non-adults buried at medieval hospitals from historical, archaeological and bioarchaeological perspectives. Consideration is given to the theoretical and scientific advances in these areas, and the potential of osteological methods to enhance our knowledge of non-adults in hospital populations.
{"title":"A Biocultural Approach to Understanding the Presence of Children from Medieval Hospitals in England: What Can We Learn from Archaeological Investigations?","authors":"Esme Hookway, Kirsty E. Squires","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1739281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1739281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The revival of monasticism in the eleventh century promoted greater seclusion of monks and the re-positioning of care offered to the community. The increasing prevelance of leprosy also prompted the development of hospitals as independent foundations. These factors contributed to the establishment of over 1000 hospitals in England during the medieval period (AD 1050–1550). Documentary evidence relating to the inhabitants of these sites, particularly non-adults, is scarce. Over the past twenty years, archaeological excavations and bioarchaeological studies of medieval hospital cemeteries across England, have produced an increasing body of evidence which is revealing new information about hospital inhabitants. This paper will provide an overview of current approaches to the study of non-adults buried at medieval hospitals from historical, archaeological and bioarchaeological perspectives. Consideration is given to the theoretical and scientific advances in these areas, and the potential of osteological methods to enhance our knowledge of non-adults in hospital populations.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"38 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1739281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45126529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1739283
F. Mendlesohn
This article is part of a wider project on fiction about the English Civil war. Mendlesohn discusses the issues of applying common means of identifying ‘children's literature’ to the genre of historical fiction, and argues that if the common definitions are used, most historical fiction is for younger readers.
{"title":"What is a Children’s Book? What is a Book for Children? Are they the Same Thing? The Latest Intervention in an On-going Project*","authors":"F. Mendlesohn","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1739283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1739283","url":null,"abstract":"This article is part of a wider project on fiction about the English Civil war. Mendlesohn discusses the issues of applying common means of identifying ‘children's literature’ to the genre of historical fiction, and argues that if the common definitions are used, most historical fiction is for younger readers.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"4 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1739283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738629
A. Solari, Anne-Marie Pessis, Gabriela Martin, N. Guidon
ABSTRACT Generally, due to their small size and fragility, the discovery of fetuses in archaeological contexts is an uncommon event. From a bioarchaeological perspective, when such contexts are found, their study allows us to explore maternal-fetal stress conditions related to pregnancy or birth. It also allows us to assess the sociocultural aspects behind individual identity and group-affiliation based on funerary practices. In this article, after discussing certain concepts underlying the study of fetuses in bioarchaeology, we present a case-study of a post-birth premature fetus found outside of the uterus and carefully interred with grave goods in close association with nine other individuals – both sub-adults and adults – from a prehistoric hunter-gatherer’s burial dating to the Middle Holocene and located in northeastern Brazil. This unique context presents an opportunity to consider fetal death and burial issues from an infant bioarchaeological perspective.
{"title":"Fetal Bioarchaeology: A Case-study of a Premature Birth from Burial 2 in Toca do Enoque (Middle Holocene, Northeastern Brazil)","authors":"A. Solari, Anne-Marie Pessis, Gabriela Martin, N. Guidon","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1738629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738629","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Generally, due to their small size and fragility, the discovery of fetuses in archaeological contexts is an uncommon event. From a bioarchaeological perspective, when such contexts are found, their study allows us to explore maternal-fetal stress conditions related to pregnancy or birth. It also allows us to assess the sociocultural aspects behind individual identity and group-affiliation based on funerary practices. In this article, after discussing certain concepts underlying the study of fetuses in bioarchaeology, we present a case-study of a post-birth premature fetus found outside of the uterus and carefully interred with grave goods in close association with nine other individuals – both sub-adults and adults – from a prehistoric hunter-gatherer’s burial dating to the Middle Holocene and located in northeastern Brazil. This unique context presents an opportunity to consider fetal death and burial issues from an infant bioarchaeological perspective.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"19 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738628
K. A. Hemer, P. Verlinden
ABSTRACT An early medieval cemetery dating to between the eighth and eleventh centuries AD was excavated beneath St Patrick’s Chapel at Whitesands Bay, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The cemetery population includes adult males, females and a large proportion of non-adults below 18 years of age. Osteological analysis revealed a case of vitamin D deficiency rickets in a 2–3 year old child, which was further confirmed through the histological analysis of the first permanent molar tooth. This paper presents the results of the osteological, radiographic and histological analyses, which support the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency. The research demonstrates the valuable contribution a multi-methodological approach can make to the investigation of non-adult health in the past. The evidence collated here allows further exploration of the possible circumstances that led to this condition, and makes a valuable contribution to an otherwise small number of cases of rickets from early medieval Britain.
{"title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Rickets In Early Medieval Wales: A Multi-Methodological Case Study","authors":"K. A. Hemer, P. Verlinden","doi":"10.1080/17585716.2020.1738628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738628","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An early medieval cemetery dating to between the eighth and eleventh centuries AD was excavated beneath St Patrick’s Chapel at Whitesands Bay, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The cemetery population includes adult males, females and a large proportion of non-adults below 18 years of age. Osteological analysis revealed a case of vitamin D deficiency rickets in a 2–3 year old child, which was further confirmed through the histological analysis of the first permanent molar tooth. This paper presents the results of the osteological, radiographic and histological analyses, which support the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency. The research demonstrates the valuable contribution a multi-methodological approach can make to the investigation of non-adult health in the past. The evidence collated here allows further exploration of the possible circumstances that led to this condition, and makes a valuable contribution to an otherwise small number of cases of rickets from early medieval Britain.","PeriodicalId":37939,"journal":{"name":"Childhood in the Past","volume":"13 1","pages":"20 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17585716.2020.1738628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：