Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791492
L. McKerr
Although acknowledgement of children in the archaeological record has been very welcome, the significance of the relationship between mothers and infants is only just beginning to be considered; th...
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1791498
Anthony Raynsford
ABSTRACT In 1970, Sim Van der Ryn, professor of architecture at the University of California in Berkeley, together with a group of collaborators, who included the schoolchildren themselves, embarked on a series of experiments in alternative school designs. The emphasis was on breaking down the institutional spatial order into smaller, ad hoc, personalised spaces, or else spaces for unexpected encounters. By the early 1970s, a new generation of architects had begun to critique what they considered to be the repressive ideological apparatus of the classroom, with its rigid seating arrangements, furnishings, lesson plans, and hourly divisions – in short, the whole pedagogical apparatus of what Michel Foucault called the ‘disciplinary society’. While this and similar experiments, I argue, had limited effect on subsequent school buildings, most of which remained institutionally conventional, they foreshadowed the work spaces of new companies in Silicon Valley and elsewhere that promoted creativity and collaboration among elite employees.
摘要1970年,加州大学伯克利分校建筑系教授Sim Van der Ryn和包括学生在内的一群合作者开始了一系列替代学校设计的实验。重点是将机构的空间秩序分解为更小的、临时的、个性化的空间,或者用于意外相遇的空间。到20世纪70年代初,新一代建筑师开始批评他们认为压抑的课堂意识形态装置,包括僵硬的座位安排、家具、课程计划和每小时的划分——简而言之,就是米歇尔·福柯所说的“学科社会”的整个教学装置。我认为,虽然这项实验和类似的实验对随后的学校建筑影响有限,其中大多数仍然是制度上的传统,但它们预示着硅谷和其他地方新公司的工作空间将促进精英员工的创造力和协作。
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738630
Kirsty E. Squires
ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century the Staffordshire pottery industry was in its heyday. Despite global interest in the Staffordshire potteries and associated collieries, very little research has explored the lives of children that worked in these industries. This research aims to redress the balance. Testimonies of workers, teachers, doctors and government officials, alongside clinical and census data will be used to gain an insight into juvenile well-being. This research has found that children worked in perilous environments which consequently affected their health and development. Furthermore, juveniles were at risk of physical abuse from their carers at home and in the workplace. Long working hours, poverty and domestic responsibilities prevented children from attending school and enjoying leisurely pursuits. However, the well-being of children gradually improved over the course of the century due to the implementation of new legislation.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1739281
Esme Hookway, Kirsty E. Squires
ABSTRACT The revival of monasticism in the eleventh century promoted greater seclusion of monks and the re-positioning of care offered to the community. The increasing prevelance of leprosy also prompted the development of hospitals as independent foundations. These factors contributed to the establishment of over 1000 hospitals in England during the medieval period (AD 1050–1550). Documentary evidence relating to the inhabitants of these sites, particularly non-adults, is scarce. Over the past twenty years, archaeological excavations and bioarchaeological studies of medieval hospital cemeteries across England, have produced an increasing body of evidence which is revealing new information about hospital inhabitants. This paper will provide an overview of current approaches to the study of non-adults buried at medieval hospitals from historical, archaeological and bioarchaeological perspectives. Consideration is given to the theoretical and scientific advances in these areas, and the potential of osteological methods to enhance our knowledge of non-adults in hospital populations.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1739283
F. Mendlesohn
This article is part of a wider project on fiction about the English Civil war. Mendlesohn discusses the issues of applying common means of identifying ‘children's literature’ to the genre of historical fiction, and argues that if the common definitions are used, most historical fiction is for younger readers.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738629
A. Solari, Anne-Marie Pessis, Gabriela Martin, N. Guidon
ABSTRACT Generally, due to their small size and fragility, the discovery of fetuses in archaeological contexts is an uncommon event. From a bioarchaeological perspective, when such contexts are found, their study allows us to explore maternal-fetal stress conditions related to pregnancy or birth. It also allows us to assess the sociocultural aspects behind individual identity and group-affiliation based on funerary practices. In this article, after discussing certain concepts underlying the study of fetuses in bioarchaeology, we present a case-study of a post-birth premature fetus found outside of the uterus and carefully interred with grave goods in close association with nine other individuals – both sub-adults and adults – from a prehistoric hunter-gatherer’s burial dating to the Middle Holocene and located in northeastern Brazil. This unique context presents an opportunity to consider fetal death and burial issues from an infant bioarchaeological perspective.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738628
K. A. Hemer, P. Verlinden
ABSTRACT An early medieval cemetery dating to between the eighth and eleventh centuries AD was excavated beneath St Patrick’s Chapel at Whitesands Bay, Pembrokeshire, Wales. The cemetery population includes adult males, females and a large proportion of non-adults below 18 years of age. Osteological analysis revealed a case of vitamin D deficiency rickets in a 2–3 year old child, which was further confirmed through the histological analysis of the first permanent molar tooth. This paper presents the results of the osteological, radiographic and histological analyses, which support the diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency. The research demonstrates the valuable contribution a multi-methodological approach can make to the investigation of non-adult health in the past. The evidence collated here allows further exploration of the possible circumstances that led to this condition, and makes a valuable contribution to an otherwise small number of cases of rickets from early medieval Britain.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738632
R. Gowland
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1744829
E. Murphy
It is with much pleasure that I welcome you to the spring issue of Volume thirteen of Childhood in the Past, the journal of the Society for the Study of Childhood in the Past (SSCIP). The issue starts with a thought-provoking invited piece by Farah Mendlesohn which explores the genre of books for children in relation to historical fiction. Farah delivered the Society’s inaugural biennial lecture in 2017 in Staffordshire University, UK, and we are delighted that she was able to write this piece so that all those who could not attend the lecture can learn more about her interesting research. 2019 was another busy year for SSCIP. The twelfth international SSCIP conference, was organized by Katie Hemer and Sophie Newman on 30th October to 1st November, and hosted by the Sheffield Centre for the Archaeology of Childhood in the University of Sheffield. The theme of the conference was ‘Adolescence’ with the aim of exploring how scholars from diverse fields of research can offer nuanced insight into the lives of those occupying this unique stage in the life course in the past. The conference commenced on the Wednesday evening with a keynote presentation by Jane Eva Baxter of DePaul University, USA, on the topic of the late nineteenth/ early twentieth-century invention of adolescence, followed by a wine reception. The following two action-packed days saw the delivery of some nineteen papers and five posters across six thematic sessions What is Adolescence? Shifting Perceptions Over Time and Space; The Written Lives of Adolescents; The Material Culture of Adolescence; Little Adults? Rites of Passage from Childhood to Adulthood; Deviancy, Rebellion, and Punishment, and Advances in Accessing Adolescence in Bioarchaeology. On the Friday morning Mary Lewis of the University of Reading, UK, delivered a keynote talk on the topic of the bioarchaeology of adolescence. The conference also saw the introduction of a prize for the best student podium presentation kindly sponsored by the journal Antiquity. This was awarded to Katherine Woodhouse of Loughborough University, UK, for her paper entitled ‘Rebels With a Cause: Conversion and “Meaningful” Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century Methodist Narratives of Female Adolescence’. The conference was a truly international affair which brought together scholars from eight countries and crossed three continents. The Society is very grateful to the conference organizers for all their efforts in arranging the event on this fascinating theme within past childhood research. In addition to the annual conference, a SSCIP-sponsored session entitled ‘Health and Welfare of Children in the Past’ was organized by Esme Hookway and Kirsty Squires of Staffordshire University at the 84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology which took place on the 10th–14th April in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Speakers from New Zealand, Mexico, and the UK came together to explore a range of topics, including childhood health and disease, the car
我非常高兴地欢迎您阅读《过去的童年》第十三卷春季版,这是过去的童年研究学会(SSCIP)的期刊。本期以Farah Mendlesohn受邀撰写的一篇发人深省的文章开始,该文章探讨了与历史小说相关的儿童书籍类型。法拉于2017年在英国斯塔福德郡大学发表了该学会的首届两年一度的讲座,我们很高兴她能够写下这篇文章,让所有无法参加讲座的人都能更多地了解她有趣的研究。2019年是SSCIP繁忙的一年。第十二届SSCIP国际会议由Katie Hemer和Sophie Newman于10月30日至11月1日组织,由谢菲尔德大学谢菲尔德儿童考古中心主办。会议的主题是“青春期”,目的是探索来自不同研究领域的学者如何对过去生活过程中占据这一独特阶段的人的生活提供细致入微的见解。会议于周三晚上开始,美国德保禄大学的Jane Eva Baxter就19世纪末/20世纪初青春期的发明发表了主题演讲,随后举行了葡萄酒招待会。在接下来的两天里,在六个主题会议上发表了大约十九篇论文和五张海报。什么是青春期?观念随时间和空间的变化;青少年的书面生活;青春期的物质文化;小大人?从童年到成年的成人仪式;偏差、反抗和惩罚,以及生物考古学中接近青春期的进展。周五上午,英国雷丁大学的Mary Lewis就青春期的生物考古学发表了主题演讲。会议还推出了由《古董》杂志赞助的最佳学生演讲奖。英国拉夫堡大学的Katherine Woodhouse因其题为“有原因的反叛者:18世纪卫理公会女性青春期叙事中的皈依和“有意义的”反叛”的论文而获得该奖项。这次会议是一次真正的国际性会议,来自八个国家、横跨三大洲的学者齐聚一堂。学会非常感谢会议组织者在过去的儿童研究中为安排这一迷人主题的活动所做的一切努力。除了年会之外,斯塔福德郡大学的Esme Hookway和Kirsty Squires在4月10-14日于新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基举行的美国考古学会第84届年会上组织了一场由SSCIP赞助的题为“过去儿童的健康和福利”的会议。来自新西兰、墨西哥和英国的演讲者聚集在一起探讨了一系列主题,包括儿童健康和疾病、儿童护理、葬礼治疗和工作场所儿童福利。贝尔法斯特女王大学的Ian Gonzalez Alaña(独立研究员)、Mélie Le Roy和Eileen Murphy组织了一次由SSCIP赞助的题为“青少年葬礼的系统方法”的会议。非典型、变异还是规范?9月4日至7日在瑞士伯尔尼举行的欧洲考古学家协会第25届年会上,“超越范式”。这是一次非常受欢迎的会议,有22次口头演讲和4张海报,来自大约13个国家的研究人员聚集在一起,分享他们在欧洲和北非从史前到现代早期的童年埋葬经验。
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17585716.2020.1738633
Laura Lockau
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