Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1970
Smita Athanere, Ramesh Thakur
Enterprises choose to keep their data on the cloud to allow for flexible and efficient data exchange among their authorized staff when dealing with huge data. However, during the sharing of sensitive data, data security and users privacy has become major challenges. Most of the existing studies have several limitations, including weak model security, single point of failure, and lack of efficiency during user revocation. This article proposes cloud storage based Hierarchical Multi-authority Access Control Scheme (HMA-ACS) for secure and efficient data sharing. Through theoretical analysis, this article proves that the proposed mechanism efficiently performs cryptographic key operations and secured plus adaptive in the standard model while supporting the access policies. Furthermore, the proposed approach evaluated and compared recent state-of-art schemes in terms of storage overhead, computation overhead, average encryption, and decryption performance. Experimental results analysis shows that the proposed solution is resistant to many types of security threats and ensures data privacy when sharing data in the cloud.
{"title":"A Hierarchical Multi-Authority Access Control Scheme for Secure and Efficient Data Sharing in Cloud Storage","authors":"Smita Athanere, Ramesh Thakur","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1970","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprises choose to keep their data on the cloud to allow for flexible and efficient data exchange among their authorized staff when dealing with huge data. However, during the sharing of sensitive data, data security and users privacy has become major challenges. Most of the existing studies have several limitations, including weak model security, single point of failure, and lack of efficiency during user revocation. This article proposes cloud storage based Hierarchical Multi-authority Access Control Scheme (HMA-ACS) for secure and efficient data sharing. Through theoretical analysis, this article proves that the proposed mechanism efficiently performs cryptographic key operations and secured plus adaptive in the standard model while supporting the access policies. Furthermore, the proposed approach evaluated and compared recent state-of-art schemes in terms of storage overhead, computation overhead, average encryption, and decryption performance. Experimental results analysis shows that the proposed solution is resistant to many types of security threats and ensures data privacy when sharing data in the cloud.","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1943
F. Peracha, S. Savage, R. Khan, Asma Ayub, Andleeb Zahra
This article reports on the results of an intervention to promote cognitive complexity (measured by integrative complexity, IC) and perspective taking for youth detained for violent extremism at the Sabaoon Center for Deradicalization and Rehabilitation in northern Pakistan. Participants are sixty-four males (mean age 19.77, SD = 3.26) comprising three cohorts: CVE Detained, CVE Reintegrated, and PVE At-risk. The Sabaoon IC intervention consists of eight sessions with action learning contextualized according to an assessment of the push, pull and personal factors that shape the life experience of the youth. Pre and post testing results show significant gain in IC in the overall sample (Cohen's d= -1.80, 95% CI[-.87,-.49]), and in each cohort, indicating significantly increased ability to perceive validity in one's own changing views and others' differing views along with reduction in derogating or dehumanizing outgroups. Oral presentations showed expected IC scores showing differentiation, with the Reintegrated cohort showing higher order integrations and expressed confidence to be change-makers in their communities. Two subscales from the Violent Extremist Beliefs Survey (concerning beliefs about inter-religious harmony and risk-taking behaviors) showed expected changes, but self-report perspective taking and empathy measures were insignificant. Limitations: The entire Sabaoon sample was selected for the intervention, and due to time and operational constraints, it was not feasible to recruit a control group matched on important variables. Implications for using IC measurement and method for detained and at risk populations are discussed.
{"title":"Promoting Cognitive Complexity Among Violent Extremist Youth in Northern Pakistan","authors":"F. Peracha, S. Savage, R. Khan, Asma Ayub, Andleeb Zahra","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1943","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on the results of an intervention to promote cognitive complexity (measured by integrative complexity, IC) and perspective taking for youth detained for violent extremism at the Sabaoon Center for Deradicalization and Rehabilitation in northern Pakistan. Participants are sixty-four males (mean age 19.77, SD = 3.26) comprising three cohorts: CVE Detained, CVE Reintegrated, and PVE At-risk.\u0000The Sabaoon IC intervention consists of eight sessions with action learning contextualized according to an assessment of the push, pull and personal factors that shape the life experience of the youth. Pre and post testing results show significant gain in IC in the overall sample (Cohen's d= -1.80, 95% CI[-.87,-.49]), and in each cohort, indicating significantly increased ability to perceive validity in one's own changing views and others' differing views along with reduction in derogating or dehumanizing outgroups. Oral presentations showed expected IC scores showing differentiation, with the Reintegrated cohort showing higher order integrations and expressed confidence to be change-makers in their communities.\u0000Two subscales from the Violent Extremist Beliefs Survey (concerning beliefs about inter-religious harmony and risk-taking behaviors) showed expected changes, but self-report perspective taking and empathy measures were insignificant.\u0000Limitations: The entire Sabaoon sample was selected for the intervention, and due to time and operational constraints, it was not feasible to recruit a control group matched on important variables.\u0000Implications for using IC measurement and method for detained and at risk populations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41321803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2016
H. Campbell
{"title":"Votes, Drugs and Violence: The Political Logic of Criminal Wars in Mexico. By Guillermo Trejo and Sandra Ley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. ISBN 978-1-108-79527-2.","authors":"H. Campbell","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46287960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2006
Brian Alcorn, Beth Eisenfeld
Intelligence officers often interact in culturally diverse settings different from the settings in which they grew up. Yet, there is a lack of academic research about the integration of culture and the study of intelligence. Researchers have made Cultural Intelligence (CQ) measurable via the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and successfully applied it in the business world as a predictor of success in multi-cultural environments. This article describes an application of the CQS, using the Observer Report questionnaire to assess the memoirs of three successful intelligence officers to ascertain the degree that CQ applies to the success of officers in United States Intelligence Community (USIC) in multicultural environments. The study results indicated each intelligence officer possessed a high degree of cultural intelligence that assisted in the course of their duties and the CQS is a good assessment tool to measure cultural intelligence. Keywords: Cultural intelligence, Cultural Intelligence Scale, CQS, Cultural Intelligence Quotient
{"title":"Cultural Intelligence in the Study of Intelligence","authors":"Brian Alcorn, Beth Eisenfeld","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2006","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligence officers often interact in culturally diverse settings different from the settings in which they grew up. Yet, there is a lack of academic research about the integration of culture and the study of intelligence. Researchers have made Cultural Intelligence (CQ) measurable via the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and successfully applied it in the business world as a predictor of success in multi-cultural environments. This article describes an application of the CQS, using the Observer Report questionnaire to assess the memoirs of three successful intelligence officers to ascertain the degree that CQ applies to the success of officers in United States Intelligence Community (USIC) in multicultural environments. The study results indicated each intelligence officer possessed a high degree of cultural intelligence that assisted in the course of their duties and the CQS is a good assessment tool to measure cultural intelligence.\u0000Keywords: Cultural intelligence, Cultural Intelligence Scale, CQS, Cultural Intelligence Quotient","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2017
Edward J. Hagerty
Recommended Citation Hagerty, Edward J.. "Capital of Spies: Intelligence Agencies in Berlin During the Cold War. By Sven Felix Kellerhoff and Bernd von Kostka. Translated by Linden Lyons. Philadelphia and Oxford, Casemate Publishers, 2021.." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 1 (2022) : 164-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2017 Available at: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol15/iss1/9
{"title":"Capital of Spies: Intelligence Agencies in Berlin During the Cold War. By Sven Felix Kellerhoff and Bernd von Kostka. Translated by Linden Lyons. Philadelphia and Oxford, Casemate Publishers, 2021.","authors":"Edward J. Hagerty","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation Hagerty, Edward J.. \"Capital of Spies: Intelligence Agencies in Berlin During the Cold War. By Sven Felix Kellerhoff and Bernd von Kostka. Translated by Linden Lyons. Philadelphia and Oxford, Casemate Publishers, 2021..\" Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 1 (2022) : 164-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2017 Available at: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol15/iss1/9","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42569824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1945
Łukasz Szymankiewicz
The research problem of this article is the process of evolution of aviation terrorism over the years as illustrated by attacks against El Al airlines, with special reference to the research perspective of the security system. The author embarks on verifying the hypothesis that aviation terrorism is changing phenomenon which has been accompanied over the years by increasingly brutal methods and effects of the attacks, transforming aviation terrorism from a medium of communication to a tool for causing maximum damage. Employing the genealogical method, the author analysed 52 terrorist attacks from the years 1968 to 2012, whereby he attempted to answer the research question of "How has the phenomenon of aviation terrorism evolved over the years?"
{"title":"Evolution of Aviation Terrorism - El Al Israeli Airlines, Case Study","authors":"Łukasz Szymankiewicz","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.1945","url":null,"abstract":"The research problem of this article is the process of evolution of aviation terrorism over the years as illustrated by attacks against El Al airlines, with special reference to the research perspective of the security system. The author embarks on verifying the hypothesis that aviation terrorism is changing phenomenon which has been accompanied over the years by increasingly brutal methods and effects of the attacks, transforming aviation terrorism from a medium of communication to a tool for causing maximum damage. Employing the genealogical method, the author analysed 52 terrorist attacks from the years 1968 to 2012, whereby he attempted to answer the research question of \"How has the phenomenon of aviation terrorism evolved over the years?\"","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2019
John Sullivan
{"title":"Policing in France. Edited by Jacques de Maillard and Wesley G. Skogan. New York and London: Routledge, 2021.","authors":"John Sullivan","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.1.2019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47613755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2089
R. Maass
{"title":"Making War on the World: How Transnational Violence Reshapes Global Order. By Mark Shirk. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.","authors":"R. Maass","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43185940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2042
Matthew S. Flynn
The ongoing war in Ukraine appears to validate war as it always is. A look at the evolution of domains offers something different. When this step is taken, it becomes clear that humanity chooses the violence defining war. Cyber realities today reveal how technological innovation has stymied war, taking humanity into a pre-existing condition repudiating war and leaving cyberspace as the first global expression without war. Once accepting that truth, nations can contemplate the discovery of a domain offering an expression of peace as a cognitive battlespace overrides the physical application of use of force. This feat means peace finds an equal footing with war. To accept that reality so clearly manifest in the prospect of a digital peace presents a referendum on humanity bending to circumstance or twisting reality to remain in a warzone.
{"title":"Domains of Peace: Cyberspace and the First Global Expression Without War","authors":"Matthew S. Flynn","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2042","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing war in Ukraine appears to validate war as it always is. A look at the evolution of domains offers something different. When this step is taken, it becomes clear that humanity chooses the violence defining war. Cyber realities today reveal how technological innovation has stymied war, taking humanity into a pre-existing condition repudiating war and leaving cyberspace as the first global expression without war. Once accepting that truth, nations can contemplate the discovery of a domain offering an expression of peace as a cognitive battlespace overrides the physical application of use of force. This feat means peace finds an equal footing with war. To accept that reality so clearly manifest in the prospect of a digital peace presents a referendum on humanity bending to circumstance or twisting reality to remain in a warzone.","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46429104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2013
A. Krishnan
Strategists have noted substantial changes in warfare since the end of the Cold War. They have proposed several concepts and theories to account for the fact that the practice of war has largely departed from a Clausewitzian understanding of war and the centrality of physical violence in it. Emerging modes of conflict are less focused on the instrumental use of force to achieve political objectives and are more centered on notions of perception management, narratives, asymmetry or irregular conflict, the adversarial uses of norms, and covert and ambiguous uses of force. This article aims to systematically compare three more recent theories of war or political conflict, namely fifth generation warfare (5GW), hybrid warfare (HW), and gray zone conflict. The article demonstrates that although they have the same intellectual roots, they are also different in terms of what they suggest about the nature of contemporary and near future conflict. Each of them can enrich our understanding of contemporary warfare, which will be the key to mastering these new modes of conflict short of (theater conventional) war.
{"title":"Fifth Generation Warfare, Hybrid Warfare, and Gray Zone Conflict: A Comparison","authors":"A. Krishnan","doi":"10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2013","url":null,"abstract":"Strategists have noted substantial changes in warfare since the end of the Cold War. They have proposed several concepts and theories to account for the fact that the practice of war has largely departed from a Clausewitzian understanding of war and the centrality of physical violence in it. Emerging modes of conflict are less focused on the instrumental use of force to achieve political objectives and are more centered on notions of perception management, narratives, asymmetry or irregular conflict, the adversarial uses of norms, and covert and ambiguous uses of force. This article aims to systematically compare three more recent theories of war or political conflict, namely fifth generation warfare (5GW), hybrid warfare (HW), and gray zone conflict. The article demonstrates that although they have the same intellectual roots, they are also different in terms of what they suggest about the nature of contemporary and near future conflict. Each of them can enrich our understanding of contemporary warfare, which will be the key to mastering these new modes of conflict short of (theater conventional) war.","PeriodicalId":37950,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strategic Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44187241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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