Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.10.001
Muhammad Hizbullah Baharom, E. Nikbakht, K. Chatziioannou
Ratcheting is a second failure mode in low cycle fatigue loading where plastic strain accumulates in each cycle. It is difficult to precisely estimate component deformation due to the complexities of cyclic hardening. In order to study the deformation, all types of hardening rules must be determined priorly. In this study, the determination procedures of combined hardening parameters are presented using Abaqus software. The experiment data of API-5L X80 from the past research have been utilized. Lastly, the different inputs of non-linear kinematic hardening choices are analyzed and presented.
{"title":"Combined hardening parameters of high strength steel under low cycle fatigue","authors":"Muhammad Hizbullah Baharom, E. Nikbakht, K. Chatziioannou","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Ratcheting is a second failure mode in low cycle fatigue loading where plastic strain accumulates in each cycle. It is difficult to precisely estimate component deformation due to the complexities of cyclic hardening. In order to study the deformation, all types of hardening rules must be determined priorly. In this study, the determination procedures of combined hardening parameters are presented using Abaqus software. The experiment data of API-5L X80 from the past research have been utilized. Lastly, the different inputs of non-linear kinematic hardening choices are analyzed and presented.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.12.002
Lawal Nasiru Muhammed, U. Iyenagbe, Muhammed I. Wali
Mini-Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus (MHSPA), of spatial size 230×210×210 mm3, was developed for individual or limited number of users to promote Covid-19 social distance protocol. A solid hemisphere with an inclined circular segment made from gypsum material (CaSO2.0.5H2 O) and coated with filler putty and oil paint, is used in place of the regular quadrants. With the solid attached to a horizontal beam mounted over a pivot, hydrostatic forces due to liquids were measured at different heights of water. The results showed that the assembly could be used to demonstrate variation of hydrostatic pressure on circular surfaces at different heights of liquid with an average difference of 4.38% against average theoretical values. Compared to other results from the use of conventional quadrants in literature, the associated error is minimal, and indicates the possibility of adopting the apparatus in school laboratories for static pressure demonstration.
{"title":"Design modification and performance evaluation of mini-hydrostatic pressure apparatus for inclined plane circular surface","authors":"Lawal Nasiru Muhammed, U. Iyenagbe, Muhammed I. Wali","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Mini-Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus (MHSPA), of spatial size 230×210×210 mm3, was developed for individual or limited number of users to promote Covid-19 social distance protocol. A solid hemisphere with an inclined circular segment made from gypsum material (CaSO2.0.5H2 O) and coated with filler putty and oil paint, is used in place of the regular quadrants. With the solid attached to a horizontal beam mounted over a pivot, hydrostatic forces due to liquids were measured at different heights of water. The results showed that the assembly could be used to demonstrate variation of hydrostatic pressure on circular surfaces at different heights of liquid with an average difference of 4.38% against average theoretical values. Compared to other results from the use of conventional quadrants in literature, the associated error is minimal, and indicates the possibility of adopting the apparatus in school laboratories for static pressure demonstration.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.11.001
D. Cruz, Antonio Henrique Monteiro da Fonseca Thomé da Silva, F. Clain, C. E. M. Guilherme
This article studies the mechanical characterization of impact loads on polyamide fibers. Using synthetic ropes in mooring systems, these are subject to static loads, but dynamic loads are also expected. One of the dynamic loads that can occur on cables are sudden loads, which makes the analysis of impact loads important. In this study, impact cycles were applied to polyamide multifilaments until rupture with different impact masses, and considering the conditions: dry, after 6 hours of immersion in water and after 24 hours of immersion in water. The analysis of the immersed conditions allows us to interpret the plasticizing effect that moisture exerts in polyamide, through loss stiffness in the rupture test. The results show that the increase in immersion time represents decrease in the breaking strength, and also in the resistance to impact cycles. A curve parameterization is proposed that relates the number of impact cycles and the percentage of Yarn Break Load used in the impact, getting through the coefficient of determination the best model. For force versus time graphs, obtained in each impact cycle, the energy dissipation in the multifilament can be observed in two main mechanisms: the first is the elastic deformation in form of ricochets, the second is the plastic deformation by stretching/elongation. The force-time graphs of impact cycles and the number of impact cycles to failure are measures that show performance for impact dynamic loads. Attention should be the plasticizing effect caused by water, as it reduces the static and dynamic mechanical strength of polyamide.
{"title":"Experimental study on the behavior of polyamide multifilament subject to impact loads under different soaking conditions","authors":"D. Cruz, Antonio Henrique Monteiro da Fonseca Thomé da Silva, F. Clain, C. E. M. Guilherme","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the mechanical characterization of impact loads on polyamide fibers. Using synthetic ropes in mooring systems, these are subject to static loads, but dynamic loads are also expected. One of the dynamic loads that can occur on cables are sudden loads, which makes the analysis of impact loads important. In this study, impact cycles were applied to polyamide multifilaments until rupture with different impact masses, and considering the conditions: dry, after 6 hours of immersion in water and after 24 hours of immersion in water. The analysis of the immersed conditions allows us to interpret the plasticizing effect that moisture exerts in polyamide, through loss stiffness in the rupture test. The results show that the increase in immersion time represents decrease in the breaking strength, and also in the resistance to impact cycles. A curve parameterization is proposed that relates the number of impact cycles and the percentage of Yarn Break Load used in the impact, getting through the coefficient of determination the best model. For force versus time graphs, obtained in each impact cycle, the energy dissipation in the multifilament can be observed in two main mechanisms: the first is the elastic deformation in form of ricochets, the second is the plastic deformation by stretching/elongation. The force-time graphs of impact cycles and the number of impact cycles to failure are measures that show performance for impact dynamic loads. Attention should be the plasticizing effect caused by water, as it reduces the static and dynamic mechanical strength of polyamide.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.001
N. T. Tung, L. V. Van
This paper aims to investigate the impact of vehicle velocity on the rollover stability of a fully loaded tractor semi-trailer during lane changes and turning. Specifically, the study focuses on velocities ranging from 30 km/h to 60 km/h. The investigation found that vehicle velocity is a critical parameter that can affect the potential for rollover during lane changes or turning. The results showed that to ensure the vehicle moves steadily and does not roll over during these maneuvers, the steering angle must be controlled and kept within certain limits. The study provided specific recommendations for maximum steering angles at different velocities. For instance, to ensure stability when the vehicle is moving at 60 km/h, the maximum steering angle should be less than 4 degrees. Similarly, at 50 km/h, the maximum steering angle is recommended to be less than 6 degrees, and at 44 km/h, it should be less than 8 degrees. At lower speeds, the recommended maximum steering angle increases, with the maximum recommended angle at 36 km/h being 12 degrees. These findings highlight the importance of carefully controlling vehicle velocity and steering angle to minimize the risk of rollover accidents. By providing specific recommendations for different velocities, this study can inform the design and safety testing of vehicles to improve their stability and safety during lane changes and turning.
{"title":"The effect of velocity on the ability to rollover of the tractor semi-trailer when turning","authors":"N. T. Tung, L. V. Van","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the impact of vehicle velocity on the rollover stability of a fully loaded tractor semi-trailer during lane changes and turning. Specifically, the study focuses on velocities ranging from 30 km/h to 60 km/h. The investigation found that vehicle velocity is a critical parameter that can affect the potential for rollover during lane changes or turning. The results showed that to ensure the vehicle moves steadily and does not roll over during these maneuvers, the steering angle must be controlled and kept within certain limits. The study provided specific recommendations for maximum steering angles at different velocities. For instance, to ensure stability when the vehicle is moving at 60 km/h, the maximum steering angle should be less than 4 degrees. Similarly, at 50 km/h, the maximum steering angle is recommended to be less than 6 degrees, and at 44 km/h, it should be less than 8 degrees. At lower speeds, the recommended maximum steering angle increases, with the maximum recommended angle at 36 km/h being 12 degrees. These findings highlight the importance of carefully controlling vehicle velocity and steering angle to minimize the risk of rollover accidents. By providing specific recommendations for different velocities, this study can inform the design and safety testing of vehicles to improve their stability and safety during lane changes and turning.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70761547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.008
V. Bảy, Du Tai, Dong Van Ngoc, L. A. Tuan, H. Nhan, Hoang Ha
Using the assumption that the load is evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, the article has given the cable deflection equation as a function that depends only on the horizontal coordinates, the length of the cable and horizontal distance between two supports. This result leads to the construction of a general system of equations to calculate the deflection, tension, and elongation of an elastic single cable resting on two supports with or without high difference, bearing uniformly distributed loads (or evenly distributed at intervals) and load is concentrated at many points. Calculations of examples to compare with results have been performed by other methods.
{"title":"Calculation method for elastic parabolic cable subjected to uniformly distributed load on each segment and concentrated load at many points","authors":"V. Bảy, Du Tai, Dong Van Ngoc, L. A. Tuan, H. Nhan, Hoang Ha","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.008","url":null,"abstract":"Using the assumption that the load is evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, the article has given the cable deflection equation as a function that depends only on the horizontal coordinates, the length of the cable and horizontal distance between two supports. This result leads to the construction of a general system of equations to calculate the deflection, tension, and elongation of an elastic single cable resting on two supports with or without high difference, bearing uniformly distributed loads (or evenly distributed at intervals) and load is concentrated at many points. Calculations of examples to compare with results have been performed by other methods.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70762439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.7.002
M. Arruda, L. Castro
Since the late 80’s the Structural Analysis Research Group of the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) has been involved in the development of non-conventional finite element formulations in order to overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of the CFE method and to develop high performance numerical tools for the analysis of structural engineering problems. Several alternative models for the linear and non-linear structural analysis have been developed using hybrid and mixed models techniques. These works are summarized in this paper, in which their past and future applications of this formulation in non-linear analysis of structures are fully detailed.
{"title":"State of art for hybrid mixed finite element formulation in non-linear analysis of structures","authors":"M. Arruda, L. Castro","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.7.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.7.002","url":null,"abstract":"Since the late 80’s the Structural Analysis Research Group of the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) has been involved in the development of non-conventional finite element formulations in order to overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of the CFE method and to develop high performance numerical tools for the analysis of structural engineering problems. Several alternative models for the linear and non-linear structural analysis have been developed using hybrid and mixed models techniques. These works are summarized in this paper, in which their past and future applications of this formulation in non-linear analysis of structures are fully detailed.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70762789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.8.004
Harry Ngwangwa, Thanyani Pandelani, Fulufhelo Nemavhola
Tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones through joints. Typically, tendons and muscles work together to innovate a motion. In addition, tendons are often subjected to much higher stresses than the muscles that they serve in any given action. As a result, tendons are susceptible to injuries that may lead to a permanent dysfunction in joint mobility due to the fact that the scar tissue that forms after healing often does not have the same mechanical properties of the original tissue. It is therefore very important to understand the mechanical response of tendons. In this paper the performances are examined of two viscoelastic standard nonlinear models in modelling the elastic and plastic behaviour of the tendon in the light of a well-known hyperelastic Yeoh model. The use of the Yeoh model is more for validating the performances of the viscoelastic models within the elastic region than for comparison purposes. The Yeoh model was selected based on its superior performance in modelling the elastic phase of soft tissue, as reported in previous studies, combined with its simplicity. The results show that the two standard nonlinear solid models perform extremely well both in fitting accuracies and in correlating stress results. The most promising result is the fact that the two standard nonlinear models can model tendon behaviour in the nonlinear plastic region. It is also noted that the two standard nonlinear models are physically insightful since their optimisation parameters can easily be interpreted in terms of tendon elasticity and viscoelastic parameters.
{"title":"The application of standard nonlinear solid material models in modelling the tensile behaviour of the supraspinatus tendon","authors":"Harry Ngwangwa, Thanyani Pandelani, Fulufhelo Nemavhola","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.8.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.8.004","url":null,"abstract":"Tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones through joints. Typically, tendons and muscles work together to innovate a motion. In addition, tendons are often subjected to much higher stresses than the muscles that they serve in any given action. As a result, tendons are susceptible to injuries that may lead to a permanent dysfunction in joint mobility due to the fact that the scar tissue that forms after healing often does not have the same mechanical properties of the original tissue. It is therefore very important to understand the mechanical response of tendons. In this paper the performances are examined of two viscoelastic standard nonlinear models in modelling the elastic and plastic behaviour of the tendon in the light of a well-known hyperelastic Yeoh model. The use of the Yeoh model is more for validating the performances of the viscoelastic models within the elastic region than for comparison purposes. The Yeoh model was selected based on its superior performance in modelling the elastic phase of soft tissue, as reported in previous studies, combined with its simplicity. The results show that the two standard nonlinear solid models perform extremely well both in fitting accuracies and in correlating stress results. The most promising result is the fact that the two standard nonlinear models can model tendon behaviour in the nonlinear plastic region. It is also noted that the two standard nonlinear models are physically insightful since their optimisation parameters can easily be interpreted in terms of tendon elasticity and viscoelastic parameters.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.2.003
Lakache Houssem Eddine, May Abdelghani, Badji Riad
The present work investigates Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) of AA2024 similar joints, where the welding operations were carried out using an adapted device to a column-drilling machine (SUPEMEC J320). This work aims to determine the optimal RFW parameters from an experimental study based on mechanical tests and microscopic observations of weld joints. The best compromise, which offers the highest tensile strength value (499 MPa) corresponds to the joint obtained by using a rotational speed of 2000 rpm, a friction pressure of 12 MPa, and a forging pressure of 17 MPa. The EDX results indicate the presence of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in each zone of the weld joints, with varying sizes and a random distribution. This study focuses also on the microscopic analyses of the interface of weld joints and the fracture surfaces that indicates a dominant ductile fracture mode.
{"title":"Rotary Friction Welding Parameters Effects upon Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of AA2024 Weld Joints","authors":"Lakache Houssem Eddine, May Abdelghani, Badji Riad","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"The present work investigates Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) of AA2024 similar joints, where the welding operations were carried out using an adapted device to a column-drilling machine (SUPEMEC J320). This work aims to determine the optimal RFW parameters from an experimental study based on mechanical tests and microscopic observations of weld joints. The best compromise, which offers the highest tensile strength value (499 MPa) corresponds to the joint obtained by using a rotational speed of 2000 rpm, a friction pressure of 12 MPa, and a forging pressure of 17 MPa. The EDX results indicate the presence of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in each zone of the weld joints, with varying sizes and a random distribution. This study focuses also on the microscopic analyses of the interface of weld joints and the fracture surfaces that indicates a dominant ductile fracture mode.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70761507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.4.001
I. Melito, D. Cruz, Eduarda da Silva Belloni, F. Clain, C. E. M. Guilherme
Polyester fibers are the most used in the manufacture of ropes for mooring systems and offshore operation, thus being constantly subjected to different situations. Such requests are implicated in a variety of load conditions, and their effects must be studied. This work presents data referring to an experimental study on the behavior of the quasi-static and dynamic stiffness of polyester yarns considering different mechanical levels of degradation and use. The study is performed with five different types of multifilament samples, these were extracted from a virgin spool and sub-ropes tested for tension and fatigue. The experimental procedure is carried out through an initial characterization where the linear density, the Yarn Break Load - YBL and the linear tenacity of the samples are determined. Continuing with the experimental tests, a procedure standardized by ISO 18962-2 is then carried out, consisting of three quasi-static stages and three dynamic stages, where the data acquired in the tests allow the determination of a dimensionless stiffness value. The results showed an increase in the quasi-static stiffness, tending to a plateau, and a linear increase in the dynamic stiffness, but with somewhat similar behavior between the samples. The results related to the total quasi-static stiffness also show that the specimens extracted from sub-ropes that underwent fatigue present greater total non-dimensionalized stiffness, this is indicative of the mechanical fatigue procedure as an improvement of the specimens, giving them greater stiffness, and consequently greater stresses rupture, a behavior that should be explored in future studies.
{"title":"The effects of mechanical degradation on the quasi static and dynamic stiffness of polyester yarns","authors":"I. Melito, D. Cruz, Eduarda da Silva Belloni, F. Clain, C. E. M. Guilherme","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.4.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.4.001","url":null,"abstract":"Polyester fibers are the most used in the manufacture of ropes for mooring systems and offshore operation, thus being constantly subjected to different situations. Such requests are implicated in a variety of load conditions, and their effects must be studied. This work presents data referring to an experimental study on the behavior of the quasi-static and dynamic stiffness of polyester yarns considering different mechanical levels of degradation and use. The study is performed with five different types of multifilament samples, these were extracted from a virgin spool and sub-ropes tested for tension and fatigue. The experimental procedure is carried out through an initial characterization where the linear density, the Yarn Break Load - YBL and the linear tenacity of the samples are determined. Continuing with the experimental tests, a procedure standardized by ISO 18962-2 is then carried out, consisting of three quasi-static stages and three dynamic stages, where the data acquired in the tests allow the determination of a dimensionless stiffness value. The results showed an increase in the quasi-static stiffness, tending to a plateau, and a linear increase in the dynamic stiffness, but with somewhat similar behavior between the samples. The results related to the total quasi-static stiffness also show that the specimens extracted from sub-ropes that underwent fatigue present greater total non-dimensionalized stiffness, this is indicative of the mechanical fatigue procedure as an improvement of the specimens, giving them greater stiffness, and consequently greater stresses rupture, a behavior that should be explored in future studies.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70761936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.004
Alireza Ashkpour, J. Bidadi, H. S. Googarchin
Laminated glass is a composite structure consisting of a polymeric interlayer (e.g., polyvinyl butyral PVB) sandwiched between two glass plies. Due to the increasing use of laminated glass (LG) in advanced industries such as automotive sectors, it is of much importance to investigate the fracture behavior of such structures. One of the most critical steps in outlining the fracture behavior of laminated glass is the accurate determination of the fracture energy of the interlayer, usually, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which is obtained from experimental methods. So far, various laboratory samples have been presented to measure the fracture energy of laminated glass, each of which has its advantages and limitations. In this paper, a new loading setup is proposed for the determination of mixed-mode I/II fracture energy in a rectangular-shape laboratory sample of laminated glass. The loading setup consists of a rectangular beam under a four-point bending which has been analyzed by the commercial ABAQUS software package. By utilizing this specimen, the fracture energy of the combined modes from pure mode I to pure mode II in the PVB interlayer can be measured. The proposed geometry here is simpler than other available geometries in the literature and also it does not require a complex loading mechanism. The effects of crack length ratio and also the support distance on fracture parameters such as and are well investigated.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of mixed-mode I+II fracture behavior of automotive PVB laminated glass using a novel beam-type test specimen","authors":"Alireza Ashkpour, J. Bidadi, H. S. Googarchin","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.5.004","url":null,"abstract":"Laminated glass is a composite structure consisting of a polymeric interlayer (e.g., polyvinyl butyral PVB) sandwiched between two glass plies. Due to the increasing use of laminated glass (LG) in advanced industries such as automotive sectors, it is of much importance to investigate the fracture behavior of such structures. One of the most critical steps in outlining the fracture behavior of laminated glass is the accurate determination of the fracture energy of the interlayer, usually, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which is obtained from experimental methods. So far, various laboratory samples have been presented to measure the fracture energy of laminated glass, each of which has its advantages and limitations. In this paper, a new loading setup is proposed for the determination of mixed-mode I/II fracture energy in a rectangular-shape laboratory sample of laminated glass. The loading setup consists of a rectangular beam under a four-point bending which has been analyzed by the commercial ABAQUS software package. By utilizing this specimen, the fracture energy of the combined modes from pure mode I to pure mode II in the PVB interlayer can be measured. The proposed geometry here is simpler than other available geometries in the literature and also it does not require a complex loading mechanism. The effects of crack length ratio and also the support distance on fracture parameters such as and are well investigated.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70762190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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