Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.003
Hossein Sabaghzadeh, N. M. Khansari
A solid fuel launch vehicle is a rocket with an engine that has been widely used in aerospace missions. Utilizing such launch vehicles depends on the simplicity of the manufacturing, maintenance, operation and development of the control systems. The purpose of optimization in solid fuel launch vehicles design is to find the best possible design for the mission with regard to the available equipment, constraints and infrastructures. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to optimally design a launch vehicle for customized missions based on successful experiences, as well as technology, manufacturing capabilities and facilities. In this context, NSGA-II Intelligent Optimization Algorithm is considered based on multi-objective optimization principles and Mass-Energetic concepts. The optimal design of the launch vehicle is performed by applying intelligent algorithms and technological opportunities and limitations. The result showed that the present optimization method can design the launch vehicle based on technological limitations.
{"title":"Optimal design of four stage launch vehicle considering multi objective NSGA II algorithm and mass-energetic concepts","authors":"Hossein Sabaghzadeh, N. M. Khansari","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.003","url":null,"abstract":"A solid fuel launch vehicle is a rocket with an engine that has been widely used in aerospace missions. Utilizing such launch vehicles depends on the simplicity of the manufacturing, maintenance, operation and development of the control systems. The purpose of optimization in solid fuel launch vehicles design is to find the best possible design for the mission with regard to the available equipment, constraints and infrastructures. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to optimally design a launch vehicle for customized missions based on successful experiences, as well as technology, manufacturing capabilities and facilities. In this context, NSGA-II Intelligent Optimization Algorithm is considered based on multi-objective optimization principles and Mass-Energetic concepts. The optimal design of the launch vehicle is performed by applying intelligent algorithms and technological opportunities and limitations. The result showed that the present optimization method can design the launch vehicle based on technological limitations.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.001
Q. Risch
Manufacturing, in general, creates a finished good from a set of simpler supplied parts. Supplied parts are installed into higher assemblies, higher assemblies move into even higher assemblies, and eventually this terminates at the finished good. Delays or variation during the manufacturing process ripple all the way to the finished good, possibly from different branches of the build and possibly magnifying any individual effect. There is extensive literature regarding Lean Manufacturing and it provides strategies and business philosophy to deal with variation, however it offers little in the way of quantitative analysis on the effects of that variation upon the whole. Digital Twins and discrete event simulations can and have been used to model the impact of variation in its totality. Various papers on Digital Twins have explored how to model manufacturing, but very little on generalized behavior. (i.e. How schedule slips at the subassemblies impacts the delivery dates / quantities at the finished good level). This paper explores the analytical quantitative effects of input/sales variation through the manufacturing cycle and the resultant effect on the finished good manufacturing schedule/cycle. We demonstrate that even small random variations/interruptions propagate up the build chain, get reduced in magnitude and end up producing predictable reductions in the average build rate of the final product. Additionally, it is shown that the more supplied parts that comprise a finished good the greater the expected reduction in average build rate.
{"title":"Proposed method of forecasting cumulative effects of variation in manufacturing","authors":"Q. Risch","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.3.001","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing, in general, creates a finished good from a set of simpler supplied parts. Supplied parts are installed into higher assemblies, higher assemblies move into even higher assemblies, and eventually this terminates at the finished good. Delays or variation during the manufacturing process ripple all the way to the finished good, possibly from different branches of the build and possibly magnifying any individual effect. There is extensive literature regarding Lean Manufacturing and it provides strategies and business philosophy to deal with variation, however it offers little in the way of quantitative analysis on the effects of that variation upon the whole. Digital Twins and discrete event simulations can and have been used to model the impact of variation in its totality. Various papers on Digital Twins have explored how to model manufacturing, but very little on generalized behavior. (i.e. How schedule slips at the subassemblies impacts the delivery dates / quantities at the finished good level). This paper explores the analytical quantitative effects of input/sales variation through the manufacturing cycle and the resultant effect on the finished good manufacturing schedule/cycle. We demonstrate that even small random variations/interruptions propagate up the build chain, get reduced in magnitude and end up producing predictable reductions in the average build rate of the final product. Additionally, it is shown that the more supplied parts that comprise a finished good the greater the expected reduction in average build rate.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.001
Muleta Tiki Lemi, E. M. Gutema, Mahesh Gopal
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a process of welding materials that generates heat through friction. Plastic deformation, nonlinear material movement, tool-to-structural evolution friction, and heat production from friction and plastic deformation all have an impact on FSW operation. In this paper, thermo-mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 during the FSW process were simulated based on COMSOL® software using a finite element approach. A conceptual model was created to interpret the thermal and structural analyses. According to the obtained results, the temperature rises on the top and bottom surfaces as the axial force increases but decreases along the line perpendicular to the weld direction. The overall temperature decreases as the forward welding speed rises within the acceptable induced temperature range of the workpiece, while the axial force and rotational speeds stay stable.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of friction stir welding process for AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy using finite element method","authors":"Muleta Tiki Lemi, E. M. Gutema, Mahesh Gopal","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a process of welding materials that generates heat through friction. Plastic deformation, nonlinear material movement, tool-to-structural evolution friction, and heat production from friction and plastic deformation all have an impact on FSW operation. In this paper, thermo-mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 during the FSW process were simulated based on COMSOL® software using a finite element approach. A conceptual model was created to interpret the thermal and structural analyses. According to the obtained results, the temperature rises on the top and bottom surfaces as the axial force increases but decreases along the line perpendicular to the weld direction. The overall temperature decreases as the forward welding speed rises within the acceptable induced temperature range of the workpiece, while the axial force and rotational speeds stay stable.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.001
M. Barrinaya, Muhammad Nayomi Alfiyuranda, M. Ramezani, I. Putra, Singh Ramesh, P. Kadarno, S. Hastuty, J. Purbolaksono
The corner point singularity of surface cracks by finite element method (FEM) has become a numerical concern decades ago. The literature showed that the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the corner points were often excluded. Further, most SIFs were reported for larger ratios of the crack depth over cylinder diameter. This paper presents the SIFs (Modes I, II and III) of a semi-elliptical surface crack at a solid round bar under torsion. The tetrahedral and hexahedral elements were used in the finite element modelling. The effects of the loading mode and the crack aspect ratio on the corner point singularity were discussed. The tetrahedral meshing was generally observed to be more suitable for modelling relatively small surface cracks, particularly in respect to the corner point singularity. For all loading modes, the SIFs away from the corner points of using the tetrahedral meshing were found to have fairly good agreement with those by dual boundary element method (DBEM).
{"title":"Modes I-II-III stress intensity factors of a semi-elliptical surface crack at a round bar under torsion loading by FEM and DBEM","authors":"M. Barrinaya, Muhammad Nayomi Alfiyuranda, M. Ramezani, I. Putra, Singh Ramesh, P. Kadarno, S. Hastuty, J. Purbolaksono","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.001","url":null,"abstract":"The corner point singularity of surface cracks by finite element method (FEM) has become a numerical concern decades ago. The literature showed that the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at the corner points were often excluded. Further, most SIFs were reported for larger ratios of the crack depth over cylinder diameter. This paper presents the SIFs (Modes I, II and III) of a semi-elliptical surface crack at a solid round bar under torsion. The tetrahedral and hexahedral elements were used in the finite element modelling. The effects of the loading mode and the crack aspect ratio on the corner point singularity were discussed. The tetrahedral meshing was generally observed to be more suitable for modelling relatively small surface cracks, particularly in respect to the corner point singularity. For all loading modes, the SIFs away from the corner points of using the tetrahedral meshing were found to have fairly good agreement with those by dual boundary element method (DBEM).","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70761392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2021.11.001
Habeeb A. H. R. Aladwani, M. Ariffin, F. Mustapha
Large-scale wind turbines mostly use Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) as the transmission system, which is highly efficient. However, it comes with high complexity and cost too. In contrast, the small-scale wind turbines that are available in the market offer a one-speed gearing system only where no gear ratios are varied, resulting in low efficiency of harvesting energy and leading to gears failure. In this research, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm is proposed to address the energy efficiency of the automatic transmission system in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), to increase its efficiency in harvesting energy. The aim is to find the best adjustment for VAWT while the automatic transmission system is taken into account. For this purpose, the system is simulated and tested under various gear ratios conditions while a centrifugal clutch is applied to automatic gear shifting. The outcomes indicated that the automatic transmission system could successfully adjust the spinning in line with the wind speed. As a result, the obtained level of harvested voltage and power by VAWT with the automatic transmission system are improved significantly. Consequently, it is concluded that automatic VAWTs, equipped with the machine-learning capability can readjust themselves with the wind speed more efficiently.
{"title":"A supervised machine-learning method for optimizing the automatic transmission system of wind turbines","authors":"Habeeb A. H. R. Aladwani, M. Ariffin, F. Mustapha","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale wind turbines mostly use Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) as the transmission system, which is highly efficient. However, it comes with high complexity and cost too. In contrast, the small-scale wind turbines that are available in the market offer a one-speed gearing system only where no gear ratios are varied, resulting in low efficiency of harvesting energy and leading to gears failure. In this research, an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm is proposed to address the energy efficiency of the automatic transmission system in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), to increase its efficiency in harvesting energy. The aim is to find the best adjustment for VAWT while the automatic transmission system is taken into account. For this purpose, the system is simulated and tested under various gear ratios conditions while a centrifugal clutch is applied to automatic gear shifting. The outcomes indicated that the automatic transmission system could successfully adjust the spinning in line with the wind speed. As a result, the obtained level of harvested voltage and power by VAWT with the automatic transmission system are improved significantly. Consequently, it is concluded that automatic VAWTs, equipped with the machine-learning capability can readjust themselves with the wind speed more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70759457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.003
F. Jin, R. Tao, R. Xiao
The blade shape parameters have a remarkable effect on the centrifugal pump performance. In order to reveal the relationship between these parameters and pump performance, a single channel was regarded as the research object to calculate its performance by numerical simulation, and the performance was measured on an experimental rig. The optimized ANN is proposed, and it is proved to be highly accurate. The ANN correlation coefficient of the total response could be above 0.997 after thousands of retaining. The sorts and degrees affecting performance parameters were found out by gray relation analysis. It was found that the blade angles at the leading edge were more influential for reaction force, head and minimum pressure, while the wrap angles had greater impact for efficiency. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model was established to quantify the weight and trend of the influence of blade shape parameters on performance. The results provide a reference guide for the optimized design of centrifugal impeller to improve pump performance.
{"title":"Prediction and investigation between impeller blade shape parameters and performance parameters in CFD and ANN","authors":"F. Jin, R. Tao, R. Xiao","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"The blade shape parameters have a remarkable effect on the centrifugal pump performance. In order to reveal the relationship between these parameters and pump performance, a single channel was regarded as the research object to calculate its performance by numerical simulation, and the performance was measured on an experimental rig. The optimized ANN is proposed, and it is proved to be highly accurate. The ANN correlation coefficient of the total response could be above 0.997 after thousands of retaining. The sorts and degrees affecting performance parameters were found out by gray relation analysis. It was found that the blade angles at the leading edge were more influential for reaction force, head and minimum pressure, while the wrap angles had greater impact for efficiency. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model was established to quantify the weight and trend of the influence of blade shape parameters on performance. The results provide a reference guide for the optimized design of centrifugal impeller to improve pump performance.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70759646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2021.9.002
I. Patiño, C. Isaza
This paper presents a Mori-Tanaka-based statistical methodology to predict the effective Young modulus of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced composites considering three variables: weight content, reinforcement dispersion and orientation. Last two variables are quantified by two parameters, namely, free-path distance between nano-reinforcements and orientation angle regarding the loading direction. To validate the present methodology, samples of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-matrix composite were manufactured by mixing solution. The MWCNT/PVA Young modulus was measured by nano-indentation, while the MWCNTs Young modulus was quantified by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Both stretched and unstretched composite specimens were fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in-plane image analysis were used to obtain fitting coefficients of log-normal frequency distribution functions for the free-path distance and orientation angle. It was evidenced that numerical results fit well to measured values of effective Young modulus of MWCNTs and MWCNT/PVA, with exception of some particular cases where significant differences were found. Microstructural heterogeneities, cluster formation, polymer chains alignment, errors associated with the dispersion, orientation and mechanical characterization procedures, as well as idealization and statistical errors, were identified as possible causes of these differences. Finally, using the proposed methodology and the dispersion and orientation distribution functions experimentally obtained, the effective Young modulus is estimated for three kinds of thermoplastic matrices (polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene ketone, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) with different kinds of nanotubes (single wall, double wall, and multi-walled), at different weight contents, finding the superior mechanical performance for double-walled CNTs-reinforced composites and the lower one for multi-walled CNTs-reinforced ones.
{"title":"Mori-Tanaka-based statistical methodology to compute the effective Young modulus of polymer matrix nano-composites considering the experimental quantification of nanotubes dispersion and alignment degree","authors":"I. Patiño, C. Isaza","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2021.9.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.9.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a Mori-Tanaka-based statistical methodology to predict the effective Young modulus of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced composites considering three variables: weight content, reinforcement dispersion and orientation. Last two variables are quantified by two parameters, namely, free-path distance between nano-reinforcements and orientation angle regarding the loading direction. To validate the present methodology, samples of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-matrix composite were manufactured by mixing solution. The MWCNT/PVA Young modulus was measured by nano-indentation, while the MWCNTs Young modulus was quantified by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Both stretched and unstretched composite specimens were fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in-plane image analysis were used to obtain fitting coefficients of log-normal frequency distribution functions for the free-path distance and orientation angle. It was evidenced that numerical results fit well to measured values of effective Young modulus of MWCNTs and MWCNT/PVA, with exception of some particular cases where significant differences were found. Microstructural heterogeneities, cluster formation, polymer chains alignment, errors associated with the dispersion, orientation and mechanical characterization procedures, as well as idealization and statistical errors, were identified as possible causes of these differences. Finally, using the proposed methodology and the dispersion and orientation distribution functions experimentally obtained, the effective Young modulus is estimated for three kinds of thermoplastic matrices (polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene ketone, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) with different kinds of nanotubes (single wall, double wall, and multi-walled), at different weight contents, finding the superior mechanical performance for double-walled CNTs-reinforced composites and the lower one for multi-walled CNTs-reinforced ones.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.003
C. H. Phi, Longji Dang, Hau Le Trung
The mechanization-oriented technology for shallot planting is a suitable solution which has a positive impact on changing the style of farming and reducing labor costs and increasing the efficiency in the process of planting shallot. In this research using an automatic planting device, the kinematics of shallot seed feed roller is calculated, designed and surveyed for correct positioning of the shallot in the created hole. This is done by the aid of Autodesk Inventor Professional and Matlab Simulink software. Working principle Diagram of planting shallot device is presented and the design parameters were optimized, and the stability of the suspension system used in the device was investigated.
{"title":"Design and kinematic simulation of automated mechanism for shallot planting","authors":"C. H. Phi, Longji Dang, Hau Le Trung","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanization-oriented technology for shallot planting is a suitable solution which has a positive impact on changing the style of farming and reducing labor costs and increasing the efficiency in the process of planting shallot. In this research using an automatic planting device, the kinematics of shallot seed feed roller is calculated, designed and surveyed for correct positioning of the shallot in the created hole. This is done by the aid of Autodesk Inventor Professional and Matlab Simulink software. Working principle Diagram of planting shallot device is presented and the design parameters were optimized, and the stability of the suspension system used in the device was investigated.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70760785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.006
N. Akhtar, S. Hasan, S. Shekhar
Solution for a normally loaded infinite isotropic plate containing five cracks with coalesced yield zones is obtained using a complex variable method. Influence of coalesced yield zones on the load bearing capability of the infinite plate is analyzed. Analytical expressions for stress intensity factors, displacement components and crack opening displacement (COD) are obtained. Numerical study is carried out to determine the yield zone length, applied load ratio and COD. The numerical results are reported graphically between some important parameters.
{"title":"Mathematical modelling for multiple straight cracks with coalesced yield zones","authors":"N. Akhtar, S. Hasan, S. Shekhar","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2022.6.006","url":null,"abstract":"Solution for a normally loaded infinite isotropic plate containing five cracks with coalesced yield zones is obtained using a complex variable method. Influence of coalesced yield zones on the load bearing capability of the infinite plate is analyzed. Analytical expressions for stress intensity factors, displacement components and crack opening displacement (COD) are obtained. Numerical study is carried out to determine the yield zone length, applied load ratio and COD. The numerical results are reported graphically between some important parameters.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70761344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.002
S. R. Rajpurohit, H. Dave, K. Rajurkar
The application of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is restricted due to limited information about the mechanical properties of printed parts. Therefore, it is required to determine the mechanical properties of the FDM properties to avail the full benefit of the FDM process. In the present study, Classic Laminate Theory (CLT) has been employed at the different configurations of layer thickness and raster width. The required elastic constant of material for CLT has been experimentally obtained through FDM printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) unidirectional specimens at 0°, 45° and 90° for different combinations of layer height and raster width. For these different combinations of layer height and raster width, constitutive models were developed to predict the tensile properties of the PLA parts. Tensile strength of the FDM printed bi-directional specimens has been experimentally obtained to validate the proposed CLT model results. The experimental tensile strength data is in good agreement with the data predicted by the proposed CLT model. Higher tensile strength and modulus were achieved with 0° raster angle compared to 90° raster angle. In the case of a bi-directional printed specimen, higher tensile strength was obtained with 45°/-45° raster angle followed by 30°/-60° and 0°/90° raster angle.
{"title":"Prediction of tensile strength of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printed PLA using classic laminate theory","authors":"S. R. Rajpurohit, H. Dave, K. Rajurkar","doi":"10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"The application of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is restricted due to limited information about the mechanical properties of printed parts. Therefore, it is required to determine the mechanical properties of the FDM properties to avail the full benefit of the FDM process. In the present study, Classic Laminate Theory (CLT) has been employed at the different configurations of layer thickness and raster width. The required elastic constant of material for CLT has been experimentally obtained through FDM printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) unidirectional specimens at 0°, 45° and 90° for different combinations of layer height and raster width. For these different combinations of layer height and raster width, constitutive models were developed to predict the tensile properties of the PLA parts. Tensile strength of the FDM printed bi-directional specimens has been experimentally obtained to validate the proposed CLT model results. The experimental tensile strength data is in good agreement with the data predicted by the proposed CLT model. Higher tensile strength and modulus were achieved with 0° raster angle compared to 90° raster angle. In the case of a bi-directional printed specimen, higher tensile strength was obtained with 45°/-45° raster angle followed by 30°/-60° and 0°/90° raster angle.","PeriodicalId":37952,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Solid Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70759593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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