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The Clinical Ethics Consult: Transforming Ambivalence to Action. 临床伦理咨询:将矛盾转化为行动。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.2024.a934179
Eve Makoff
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引用次数: 0
Unbefriended. 未结为好友。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.2024.a934182
Jean Watson
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引用次数: 0
Editors' Note. 编辑注
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.2024.a934170
James M DuBois, Ana S Iltis, Heidi A Walsh
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引用次数: 0
Difficult Discharge in the Context of Suspected Malingering: Reflections on the Value of Epistemic and Professional Independence. 疑似误诊情况下的困难出院:对认识论和专业独立性价值的思考》。
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.2024.a934175
Amitabha Palmer, Colleen Gallagher

During a clinical ethics fellow's first week of independent supervised service, two unhoused patients on the same floor were resisting the medical team's recommendations to discharge. In the team's view, both were medically stable and no longer required hospitalization in an acute setting. The medical team suspected malingering for both. The social worker and case manager had employed their usual means of gentle persuasion and eliminating psychosocial barriers to no avail. Rather than call the police, the attending physician, social worker, and case manager decided to call ethics. These cases lead the fledgling fellow to consider the appropriate role for ethicists in difficult discharge cases. The article analyzes each case, evaluates their similarities and differences in the context of suspected malingering, and comments on ethical issues surrounding cases of suspected malingering. Finally, the authors reflect on the value and importance of developing and maintaining epistemic and professional independence.

在一名临床伦理学研究员独立接受指导服务的第一周,同一楼层的两名未住院病人抵制医疗小组的出院建议。医疗小组认为,这两名患者的病情已经稳定,不再需要住院治疗。医疗小组怀疑两人都在装病。社工和个案经理使用了他们惯用的温和劝说和消除社会心理障碍的手段,但都无济于事。与其报警,主治医生、社工和个案经理决定呼吁道德规范。这些病例让这位初出茅庐的研究员开始思考伦理学家在疑难出院病例中的适当角色。文章分析了每个病例,评估了它们在疑似弊病背景下的异同,并对疑似弊病病例的伦理问题进行了评论。最后,作者反思了发展和保持认识论和专业独立性的价值和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
When Ethics Survives Where People Do Not: A Story From Darfur 当道德在人类灭亡的地方幸存:一个来自达尔富尔的故事
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911253
Ghaiath Hussein
 Healthcare Under Fire: Stories from Healthcare Workers During Armed Conflict 11 weredisrupted.Ahealthcaresystemwithoutpatients is like a cardiovascular system without blood. My family returned to Kyiv in August 2022 for our daughters to continue their schooling. There were (and still are) only five to seven kids in a class; other children left Ukraine or switched to online studies. My husband and I decided that our children will attend school offline—despite the regular missile attacks. This is a private school; we pay for it. In such a way, we want to support local businesses. Sending our kids to school every day (it takes 1.5 hours one way) and paying for their studies is a personal act of patriotism. We lived through a very challenging autumn and winter with regular blackouts, cold meals, stuck elevators, melted fridges, and uncharged smartphones and laptops. Sometimes we had no water or heat. We have learnt how terrifying and ghostly a three-million-person city looks when submerged in full darkness—with no traffic lights, glaring signboards, or luminous windows. I recollect that in November, I had a meeting with representatives from a large international charity foundation who were considering giving us a grant. The day before that meeting, Kyiv was subject to the most severe missile attack, and there was neither power, nor water, nor heating at my home. In the midst of our meeting—when I was being told that we had to introduce a more sophisticated bidding procedure and have bidders send their offers in sealed envelopes—I burst out crying. Their procedure mandates were so irrelevant! In my mind, I was seeking a solution to how my family would defecate and urinate in our apartment on the 13th floor with no power and water if the situation persisted.1 At that moment, I hated all international donors for being so absolutely out of touch with what Ukrainians were going through. Only the looming prospect of getting USD $342,000 for our assistance programs kept me at that meeting. 1 Incidentally, I found a solution to my challenge and will share it with you—this is a valuable piece of knowledge—not like that bull sheet about bidding procedures. You must buy plastic garbage bags and pet litter. And here you are! I am writing this piece at the end of May 2023. Almost every night in May, we had a missile and drone attack. It is a very bizarre feeling—in the daytime, the city looks perfectly peaceful, merry, sunlit, and busy: with kids, ice cream, scooters, blooming lilacs, and chestnut trees. At night, “the city falls asleep and the mafia gets up”. We are living two parallel lives—sunlit peaceful days and then the horror of nights full of air strike alarms, explosions, and flashes of downed missiles in the dark sky. Some people spend nights in the metro stations, sheltering their kids there. Others sleep in corridors or bathrooms where there are no windows . I opt to stay in bed and let my kids sleep. I do not want them to be traumatized—they still
战地医疗:武装冲突期间医护人员的故事被打断。没有病人的医疗保健系统就像没有血液的心血管系统。我的家人于2022年8月回到基辅,让我们的女儿们继续上学。一个班过去只有5到7个孩子(现在仍然如此);还有一些孩子离开了乌克兰,或者转向在线学习。我和丈夫决定让我们的孩子离线上学——尽管经常有导弹袭击。这是一所私立学校;我们为此付出了代价。通过这种方式,我们希望支持当地企业。每天送我们的孩子上学(单程需要1.5小时)并为他们支付学费是一种个人爱国主义行为。我们经历了一个非常有挑战性的秋冬,经常停电,饭菜冷,电梯卡住,冰箱融化,智能手机和笔记本电脑没有充电。有时我们没有水或暖气。我们已经了解到,一个拥有300万人口的城市在完全黑暗中——没有交通灯,没有耀眼的招牌,也没有发光的窗户——是多么可怕和幽灵。我记得在11月,我与一个大型国际慈善基金会的代表会面,他们正在考虑给我们一笔赠款。在那次会议的前一天,基辅遭受了最严重的导弹袭击,我家没有电,没有水,也没有暖气。在我们的会议中,当我被告知我们必须引入一个更复杂的竞标程序,并让竞标者用密封的信封发送报价时,我突然哭了起来。他们的程序规定是如此的不相干!在我的脑海里,我正在寻找一个解决方案,如果这种情况持续下去,我的家人在13楼的公寓里没有电和水,该如何排便和小便那一刻,我恨所有的国际捐助者完全不了解乌克兰人正在经历的事情。只是因为我们的援助项目即将获得34.2万美元的前景,我才参加了那次会议。顺便说一句,我找到了一个解决我的挑战的方法,并将与你分享——这是一个有价值的知识——不像那个关于招标程序的废话单。你必须买塑料垃圾袋和宠物砂。你来了!我在2023年5月底写这篇文章。五月的几乎每个晚上,我们都遭受导弹和无人机袭击。这是一种非常奇怪的感觉——在白天,这个城市看起来非常平静、快乐、阳光明媚、忙碌:孩子们、冰淇淋、摩托车、盛开的紫丁香和栗树。到了晚上,“城市睡着了,黑手党起来了”。我们过着两种平行的生活——阳光明媚的平静的白天,然后是充满空袭警报、爆炸和击落的导弹在黑暗天空中闪烁的恐怖夜晚。有些人在地铁站过夜,把孩子安置在那里。其他人睡在没有窗户的走廊或浴室里。我选择呆在床上,让我的孩子们睡觉。我不想让他们受到心理创伤——他们仍然去上学,去野餐,梦想着周末和朋友们一起滑旱冰。他们不会在晚上醒来,也不会经历不眠之夜。我知道我为保护他们的童年所付出的代价可能非常高昂,但我坚持不懈。我们为什么不离开这个国家?在理性和非理性考虑的纠缠中找到一个真正的答案是困难的。首先,我想留在乌克兰,因为当我在这里的时候,我可以代表乌克兰发言。我可以做目击证人。第二,我不想拆散家庭——我丈夫已到征兵年龄,不能离开这个国家。第三,如果大家都逃跑了,我们的军队为谁而战?我认为许多离开乌克兰的家庭再也不会回来了。这让我很伤心。我们需要年轻、有抱负、受过教育、思想开放和有创造力的人来重建国家。我们的使命不仅是赢得这场战争,还要让乌克兰变得更好。当道德在人不在的地方幸存:一个来自达尔富尔的故事
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引用次数: 0
The Vagaries and Vicissitudes of War 战争的变幻莫测与变迁
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911251
Richard W Sams
 Healthcare Under Fire: Stories from Healthcare Workers During Armed Conflict 19 supposed to facilitate the family’s passageway through Iran into Iraq, again under disguise as part of a moving caravan of religious pilgrims. From there, they would be met by a non-governmental organisation operation who would fly the family in a military plane to a processing camp for refugees in Albania with no further destination in place for Azad to receive healthcare. Should I relay this option to the family even in the face of its futility, or should I deny the family their agency and refuse? Was I making a decision about the child’s fate? I stayed silent. With a few dedicated colleagues, I continued to pressure the British government while considering whether I should draw on the connections of an Afghan colleague based in the United Kingdom with a medical background. I was cautious about approaching my colleague. The cultures of conflict travel. I couldn’t be sure about any discriminatory views my colleague might have towards Hazaras. One phone call or one wrong move from me could lead to the family’s execution. The formal route of a government-supported medical evacuation to specialist surgeons collapsed. It did not reach a sudden death; rather, the leash to hope retreated and ebbed away silently as if the leaders with the key to power were ashamed. Their indifference was pitiful. The family escaped to another neighbouring country, where I met them some months later. The child would only cry. Cries were his only sounds. Or silence. Silence of a story that was beyond any words he would form. The father was bereft. At the moment of the blast, the child was sitting in the sky on his father’s shoulders. The legacy of trauma took away the child’s trust in his father’s embrace, the arms that had tried to lift him to another country, another life, another world. Now, the family is in exile in their third country in two years. Another language. Another culture. Another government. A child in conflict is never disentangled from war. Azad’s birth and near-death were imprisoned in the cradle of a conflict-ridden land. Will Azad return and live through the meaning of his name—freedom—in his lifetime, or will he, like his parents, forever be a war child? My final reflection is towards healthcare. My gaze now sees that healing is an ethical endeavour. The philosophy of medicine clashed with the confrontation of conflict, and for Azad, attacked and violated by indiscriminate armed actors, his story of suffering was written by the governments who failed to free him. B The Vagaries and Vicissitudes of War Richard W Sams II I remember standing in the kitchen of our home on Camp Pendleton—a United States Marine Corps base in Southern California—listening to National Public Radio (NPR) and doing dishes in the fall of 2002. President Bush announced to the world that he was considering a pre-emptive invasion of Iraq on the pretext of Saddam Hussein harboring weapons of mass des
战火下的医疗:武装冲突期间医护人员的故事19本应帮助该家庭通过伊朗进入伊拉克,再次伪装成宗教朝圣者移动商队的一部分。从那里,他们将由一个非政府组织的行动接待,该行动将用一架军用飞机将这家人送到阿尔巴尼亚的一个难民处理营地,阿扎德没有其他地方可以接受医疗保健。我应该把这个选择传递给家庭,即使它是徒劳的,还是我应该否认家庭的代理并拒绝?我在为孩子的命运做决定吗?我保持沉默。我和几位敬业的同事继续向英国政府施压,同时考虑是否应该利用一位在英国有医学背景的阿富汗同事的关系。我对接近我的同事很谨慎。冲突文化旅行。我不能确定我的同事对哈扎拉人是否有任何歧视性的看法。我的一个电话或一个错误举动都可能导致这个家族被处决。政府支持的医疗后送到专科医生那里的正式路线崩溃了。它并没有突然死亡;相反,希望的束缚退缩了,默默地消失了,仿佛掌握权力钥匙的领导人感到羞愧。他们的冷漠令人可怜。他们一家逃到了另一个邻国,几个月后我在那里见到了他们。孩子只会哭。他唯一的声音是哭声。或沉默。一个他无法用语言表达的故事的沉默。父亲去世了。在爆炸发生的那一刻,那个孩子正坐在他父亲的肩膀上。创伤的后遗症夺走了孩子对父亲怀抱的信任,夺走了父亲试图把他带到另一个国家、另一种生活、另一个世界的怀抱。现在,这家人在两年内流亡到第三个国家。另一种语言。另一种文化。另一个政府。冲突中的孩子永远无法摆脱战争的束缚。阿扎德的出生和濒临死亡被囚禁在这片充满冲突的土地的摇篮里。阿扎德会回来,在他的一生中实现他名字的意义——自由吗?还是他会像他的父母一样,永远是一个战争儿童?我最后的反思是关于医疗保健的。我现在看到,治疗是一种伦理努力。医学哲学与冲突的对抗相冲突,对于阿扎德来说,他受到不分青红皂白的武装分子的攻击和侵犯,他的苦难故事是由未能释放他的政府写的。战争的变幻莫测与沧桑理查德·W·萨姆斯二世我记得2002年秋天,我站在彭德尔顿营(位于南加州的美国海军陆战队基地)家里的厨房里,一边听国家公共广播电台(NPR),一边洗碗。布什总统向全世界宣布,他正在考虑以萨达姆·侯赛因藏匿大规模杀伤性武器为借口,先发制人地入侵伊拉克。三个月后,作为一名海军家庭医生,我被派往一个外科连,支持“伊拉克自由行动”。我和一个志同道合的亲密朋友回想起当时的情况,我不确定——这是一场正义的战争吗?一场必要的战争?在我看来,这并没有上升到良心反对的程度,然而,入侵另一个国家并带来所有预期的死亡和破坏的正确性并不清楚。在去科威特的途中,我们在西班牙中途停留。我坐在候机室的电视机前,看着国务卿向联合国和全世界说明,把侯赛因赶下台将保护我们免受可能导致数万人死亡的流动炭疽实验室的威胁。我对自己说,要么他是绝对正确的,我们是在保护我们的国家和自由世界的其他地方,要么他是大错特错,我们正在开始一场灾难。当我们在帐篷里训练、准备和等待入侵时,我们收听了“20名生物伦理学叙事探究之声”的新闻。
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引用次数: 0
How We Keep Caring While Walking Through Our Pain 我们如何在痛苦中保持关怀
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911245
Ola Ziara
2 Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics • Volume 13 • Number 3 • Winter 2023 a tiny bit of your soul and makes you question your role in the world. By being the best physician I can be, I hope to prevent future cruel, unjust, and untimely deaths, one person at a time. But there is only so much a physician can do. Similarly to others working in bioethics, my research spans several topics, from clinical to public health ethics.Afew topics, however, are particularly close to my heart, and the Israeli occupation is one of them. The untimely death of the baby drives this passion. I could not save that baby. No one could. But as a physician and a privileged academic I can choose to channel my efforts to make them count towards preventing other cruel, untimely, and unjust deaths. Through effective scholarship that focuses on the Israeli occupation and health conditions of Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, I seek to give voice to those who often go unheard. In this specific instance, that voice belonged to a Jewish Israeli baby, whereas in most other instances, it is the voice of Palestinians. Academia sometimes makes us forget the real reasons we do what we do. We become embroiled in the ‘publish or perish’ game and focus on publishing for the mere sake of publishing and of professional promotion. Rejections sadden us, making us doubt our aptitude as writers and thinkers. Grant application and administrative work weigh us down. It seems that almost all of us have considered abandoning academic life at some point, following perhaps some job interview that went sour. For me, it is exactly during these instances that the image of the pale baby, covered by the ambulance ’s orange blanket, reminds me why I do what I do. Humanity’s past, present, and future are packed with unjust and untimely deaths, and all individuals have a responsibility to remember, attend to, and prevent them, respectively. The responsibility of healthcare workers and academics to do so is even greater. Naturally, the Israeli occupation is personally closer to my heart, but wherever unjust deaths occur, there healthcare workers and academics should be. Healthcare workers then have several roles during armed conflicts. First, they ought to provide care whenever care is due and as long as their safety is assured. Second, they ought to bear witness and speak truth to power. Through professional and popular outlets, they should warn the world that these events are occurring and urge that they should not happen again. Everything I do, both as an academic and as a physician, I do for him. B How We Keep Caring While Walking Through Our Pain Ola Ziara with support from Rachel Coghlan P alestinian-American poet, Suheir Hammad, writes: Occupation means that every day you die, and the world watches in silence. As if your death was nothing, as if you were a stone falling in the earth, water falling over water. And if you face all of this death and indifference and keep your humanity, and
《2023年冬天》是你灵魂的一小部分,让你质疑自己在这个世界上的角色。通过尽我所能成为最好的医生,我希望能防止未来残忍、不公和过早的死亡,一次一个人。但医生能做的也就这么多了。与其他从事生物伦理学工作的人类似,我的研究涵盖了从临床到公共卫生伦理学的几个主题。然而,有几个话题是我特别关心的,以色列的占领就是其中之一。婴儿的夭折激发了这种激情。我救不了那个孩子。没人能做到。但作为一名医生和一名享有特权的学者,我可以选择将我的努力用于防止其他残忍、过早和不公正的死亡。通过关注以色列占领和巴勒斯坦被占领土上巴勒斯坦人健康状况的有效学术研究,我试图为那些经常被忽视的人发出声音。在这一具体情况下,这一声音属于一名以色列犹太婴儿,而在大多数其他情况下,这是巴勒斯坦人的声音。学术有时会让我们忘记我们做某件事的真正原因。我们陷入了“要么出版,要么灭亡”的游戏中,仅仅为了出版和专业推广而专注于出版。拒绝使我们感到悲伤,使我们怀疑自己作为作家和思想家的才能。申请拨款和行政工作使我们负担沉重。似乎几乎所有人都在某个时候考虑过放弃学术生活,也许是在一些面试失败之后。对我来说,正是在这些情况下,苍白的婴儿被救护车的橙色毯子覆盖的形象,提醒我为什么我做我所做的。人类的过去、现在和未来充满了不公正和过早的死亡,每个人都有责任分别记住、关注和预防这些死亡。医护人员和学者在这方面的责任更大。当然,我个人更关心以色列的占领,但无论在哪里发生不公正的死亡,都应该有保健工作者和学者。医疗工作者在武装冲突中扮演着多种角色。首先,只要他们的安全得到保证,他们就应该随时提供护理。其次,他们应该作证,对权力说真话。通过专业和大众的渠道,他们应该警告世界这些事件正在发生,并敦促它们不要再次发生。我所做的一切,无论是作为学者还是医生,都是为了他。在Rachel Coghlan的支持下,巴勒斯坦裔美国诗人Suheir Hammad写道:占领意味着你每天死去,而世界在沉默地看着。就好像你的死不算什么,就好像你是一块落在地上的石头,水落石出。如果你面对所有这些死亡和冷漠,保持你的人性,你的爱和你的尊严,你拒绝向他们的恐怖投降,那么你就会知道巴勒斯坦的勇气。我是一名来自巴勒斯坦加沙地带的医生。我经历了激烈的战争和长期的占领。我在导弹和有限的资源下工作。我经历风险和危险,面对噩梦中做出的糟糕选择。我知道令人心碎的死亡。作为这里的医生,我们与病人和他们的家人一起恐惧、痛苦、哭泣和悲伤。这是我关于我们如何继续关心的故事。********** 2014年夏天一场为期五十天的战争:如何留下来以及如何保证他们的安全巨大的轰炸袭击了医院附近,散落的玻璃和瓦砾。它突然结束了我难得的安静的咖啡休息。孩子们中枪了吗?我们冲到新生儿重症监护室,我们的《战火下的医疗:武装冲突期间医护人员的故事》将注意力全部集中在那些婴儿身上,匆忙检查每个婴儿床。我的思想是疯狂的。如果下一枚导弹袭击我们怎么办?我能救他们吗?我有时间抱他们的小……
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引用次数: 0
Stories of Families with Chronically Ill Pediatric Patients during the War in Ukraine 乌克兰战争期间患有慢性儿科病人的家庭故事
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911249
Vita Voloshchuk
 Healthcare Under Fire: Stories from Healthcare Workers During Armed Conflict 33 Adhering to professional and moral ethos during armed conflicts like the one in Ukraine can be challenging and demands a significant reorientation of personal and professional identity. The responsibility to provide each of their clients with as much support and emotional resources, without the ability for a referral or a treatment plan, is very difficult for those whose professional identity is about helping others, non-abandonment, restoration of mental health, and support their clients through the most challenging times of their lives. Furthermore, there is still much prejudice toward psychotherapy; many Ukrainian people worry about being stigmatized or called “crazy” if they see a psychotherapist. This attitude towards mental health changes, but the process is slow. Day in and day out, Ukrainian mental health clinicians witness the trauma of war, hear the stories filled with grief and desperation, and see the emotional aftermath and devastation the war has on people of all ages. The mental health clinicians work in environments that are not typical for therapy sessions; in hallways, in cramped offices with other therapists separated only by a thin fabric curtain to give some appearance of privacy. Despite all that, they continue to create space for hope and a future for those who felt they lost both. The Ukrainian mental health clinicians are soldiers fighting one of the most critical battles of our times, and they will win. B Stories of Families with Chronically Ill Pediatric Patients during the War in Ukraine Vita Voloshchuk F ebruary 24th was a day that has left a mark in the memory and on the lives of every Ukrainian person. My husband and I work together in a hospital. He had gone into work early to conduct a kidney transplant that had been scheduled for that day. Suddenly, whilst on my way to work that morning, I heard a strange sound—it was an air-raid siren. Before that, I had never heard such a sound. I went through all the possible options of what it could be. Of course, watching the morning news had never been a habit either. The next thing that astonished me was that the taxi I had ordered was taking an unnaturally long time to turn up. When I got into the taxi, I noticed that the taxi driver was really upset and silent for half of the journey. He then said, “A war has begun . . .” “War? So? The war has been going on since 2014.” “You don’t understand,” he said. “Russia is launching missile attacks all over the territory of Ukraine; Russian troops are coming from the east and north of Ukraine. They want to capture the capital of Ukraine.” (Kyiv). Arriving at the hospital, I saw confused faces everywhere. The morning meeting began with a discussion of how we were to act in any possible situation that may occur. We were to discharge patients from the hospital, as many as possible. The arrangement of a bomb shelter began (although I didn’t even think th
战火下的医疗保健:武装冲突期间医护人员的故事33在乌克兰这样的武装冲突中坚持职业和道德精神可能具有挑战性,需要对个人和职业身份进行重大的重新定位。对于那些以帮助他人、不被遗弃、恢复心理健康、支持客户度过生命中最具挑战性的时刻为职业身份的人来说,在没有转诊或治疗计划的情况下,为每个客户提供尽可能多的支持和情感资源的责任是非常困难的。此外,人们对心理治疗仍有很多偏见;许多乌克兰人担心,如果他们去看心理治疗师,会被污名化或被称为“疯子”。这种对待心理健康的态度有所改变,但过程缓慢。日复一日,乌克兰的心理健康临床医生目睹了战争的创伤,听到了充满悲伤和绝望的故事,看到了战争对所有年龄段的人造成的情感后果和破坏。心理健康临床医生在不典型的治疗环境中工作;在走廊里,在狭窄的办公室里,其他治疗师只被一层薄薄的织物窗帘隔开,以保持一些隐私。尽管如此,他们继续为那些感到失去了希望和未来的人创造希望和未来的空间。乌克兰的心理健康临床医生是在我们这个时代最关键的战斗中战斗的士兵,他们将取得胜利。2月24日是在每个乌克兰人的记忆和生活中留下印记的一天。我丈夫和我一起在医院工作。他很早就上班了,为当天安排的肾脏移植手术做准备。那天早上,在我上班的路上,我突然听到一个奇怪的声音——那是空袭警报器。在此之前,我从未听到过这样的声音。我考虑了所有可能的选择。当然,看早间新闻也从来不是一种习惯。第二件令我吃惊的事是,我叫的出租车过了很长时间才出现。当我上了出租车,我注意到出租车司机真的很沮丧,一半的旅程都沉默不语。他接着说:“一场战争已经开始……”“战争?所以呢?这场战争自2014年以来一直在进行。“你不明白,”他说。“俄罗斯在乌克兰全境发动导弹袭击;俄罗斯军队正从乌克兰东部和北部赶来。他们想占领乌克兰的首都。”(基辅)。到了医院,我看到到处都是困惑的面孔。上午的会议首先讨论了在任何可能发生的情况下我们该如何采取行动。我们要让尽可能多的病人出院。防空洞的布置开始了(虽然我甚至不认为我们医院有这种东西),同时医院的窗户也加强了,药品和食品等物资也增加了。当然,那个期待肾脏移植的男孩没有接受手术,因为没有人知道接下来会发生什么,也不知道敌对的俄罗斯导弹可能会击中哪里,因为俄罗斯的导弹不仅会袭击军事目标,还会袭击住宅楼、医院和纪念馆。必须继续接受治疗的儿童仍留在医院。我们一听到空袭警报器的声音,就必须立即进入防空洞。这种情况每天发生5-10次。患有姑息治疗和慢性疾病儿童的家庭开始打电话,询问在这种情况下如何进行。由于许多儿童使用人工呼吸设备,其他儿童需要吸氧治疗和上呼吸道粘液的痰液。所有这些都需要不间断的电力供应和适当的设备。那天晚些时候,一位来自波兰的医生打电话给我,问我们的儿科病人是否需要帮助,说如果他们被转移会更好……
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引用次数: 0
A Semi-Personal Story from a Ukrainian NGO Professional (or a Semi-Professional Story from a Ukrainian Person) Living through the War 一个乌克兰非政府组织专业人士的半个人故事(或一个乌克兰人的半专业故事)经历了战争
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911241
Yuliya Nogovitsyna
10 Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics • Volume 13 • Number 3 • Winter 2023 Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, for motivating and providing us with strong support, and for her editorial work on this narrative. B A Semi-Personal Story from a Ukrainian NGO Professional (or a Semi-Professional Story from a Ukrainian Person) Living through the War Yuliya Nogovitsyna I live in Kyiv with my husband and two daughters . On 24 February 2022, my husband woke me up at 5 am tapping me on the shoulder and saying, “Yulia, wake up. There are bombings outside . The war started”. That day was our younger daughter’s birthday. She turned six. We had planned a birthday party for her with friends, cake, candles and birthday gifts. Instead, we had to move both daughters to the bathroom where there are no windows so that broken glass did not hurt them if a missile hit. I am the Program Director at Tabletochki Charity Foundation, Ukraine’s largest childhood cancer NGO (https:/ /tabletochki.org/en/). For 11 years before the war, we have been fostering childhood cancer care in Ukraine—through our direct assistance to families, support of pediatric oncology units, professional development of medical personnel , and advocacy. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 dramatically changed the healthcare system landscape in Ukraine. The physical threat, treatment disruption, exposure of immunosuppressed patients to improper conditions in bomb shelters and cellars, interruption in supplies, infrastructure damage, logistics failure, and funding constraints have been among the most manifested immediate and deferred implications of the war for the healthcare system in Ukraine. That said, the biggest professional challenge was uncertainty and inability to plan. You have nothing to rely on in developing at least a short-term strategy. This may sound speculative and unimportant (who bothers about uncertainty when there is a physical threat to your life?) But this is a wrong perception—uncertainty paralyzes and disables long before a bullet or missile reaches you. War also brings the collapse of relationships, partnerships, and coalitions. It depletes and limits resources, whether human, financial, or emotional. Scarce resources make hospitals, healthcare professionals , and NGOs compete for patients, donors, and financing. The war and the external threat unite only for a short period of emergency response. Once the situation transitions to a protracted conflict, people and institutions start fighting for their own survival. My family stayed in Ukraine but moved to Lviv, a city in Western Ukraine, which turned into an evacuation hub for children with cancer. More than 1,000 children with cancer were evacuated and referred for treatment abroad through the SAFER Ukraine collaborative initiative by St. Jude Global, Tabletochki, West-Ukrainian Specialized Children’s Medical Center (WUSCMC), and other international and local partners. During the first months of the war, we worked hand
10生物伦理学叙事探究•第13卷•第3号•2023年冬季医学,芝加哥洛约拉大学,为激励和为我们提供强有力的支持,以及她对这一叙事的编辑工作。一名乌克兰非政府组织专业人士的半个人故事(或一名乌克兰人的半专业故事)生活在战争中的尤利娅·诺戈维茨娜我与丈夫和两个女儿住在基辅。2022年2月24日凌晨5点,我丈夫拍着我的肩膀把我叫醒,说:“尤利娅,醒醒。外面有炸弹。战争开始了。”那天是我们小女儿的生日。她满六岁了。我们为她计划了一个有朋友的生日聚会,有蛋糕、蜡烛和生日礼物。相反,我们不得不把两个女儿转移到没有窗户的浴室,这样即使被导弹击中,破碎的玻璃也不会伤到她们。我是Tabletochki慈善基金会的项目主管,这是乌克兰最大的儿童癌症非政府组织(https:/ /tabletochki.org/en/)。在战争爆发前的11年里,我们一直通过对家庭的直接援助、对儿科肿瘤科的支持、医疗人员的专业发展和宣传,在乌克兰促进儿童癌症护理。俄罗斯于2022年2月入侵乌克兰,极大地改变了乌克兰的医疗体系格局。身体威胁、治疗中断、免疫抑制患者暴露于防空洞和地窖条件不适宜、供应中断、基础设施损坏、后勤故障和资金限制是战争对乌克兰医疗保健系统最明显的直接影响和延迟影响。也就是说,最大的职业挑战是不确定和无法计划。在制定至少一个短期策略时,你没有什么可依赖的。这听起来可能是推测和不重要的(当你的生命受到人身威胁时,谁会担心不确定性呢?)但这是一种错误的看法——在子弹或导弹击中你之前,不确定性就会使你瘫痪。战争也会导致关系、伙伴关系和联盟的崩溃。它耗尽和限制了资源,无论是人力、财力还是情感。稀缺的资源使医院、医疗保健专业人员和非政府组织争夺病人、捐助者和资金。战争和外部威胁只有在紧急反应的短时间内才能联合起来。一旦局势转变为长期冲突,人们和机构就会开始为自己的生存而战。我的家人留在了乌克兰,但后来搬到了乌克兰西部的利沃夫(Lviv),那里变成了癌症儿童的疏散中心。通过圣犹达全球、Tabletochki、西乌克兰专业儿童医疗中心以及其他国际和当地合作伙伴的“乌克兰更安全”合作倡议,1 000多名癌症儿童被疏散并转诊到国外接受治疗。在战争的头几个月里,我们日夜携手合作,将病重的儿童送到安全的地方接受治疗。我们每周两次从利沃夫向波兰派遣撤离车队,最大的一个车队有71个家庭,包括4辆公共汽车和11辆救护车。我们每天睡4-5个小时。两周之内,我的手和腿因为持续的紧张、集中和疲劳而颤抖。即使是这种反应极其迅速和有效的疏散也可能受到质疑。我们一直面临着一个伦理困境——在乌克兰的诊断和治疗中,现有患者的安全需求是否优先于未来患者的需求。我们不止一次地讨论了我们是否应该停止将儿童转移和转诊到欧洲医院,以维持乌克兰儿童癌症护理系统并防止其退化。面对这样的问题是很不舒服的。我们为尽可能多的乌克兰儿童撤离癌症患者所做的英勇努力,会不会变成未来病患的祸患?通过疏散病人,我们让儿科肿瘤科空无一人,乌克兰儿科肿瘤科医生没有了工作,通常的诊断和治疗途径也被打乱了。没有病人的医疗保健系统就像没有血液的心血管系统。我的家人于2022年8月回到基辅,让我们的女儿们继续上学。一个班过去只有5到7个孩子(现在仍然如此);还有一些孩子离开了乌克兰,或者转向在线学习。我丈夫和我决定让我们的孩子参加……
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引用次数: 0
An Unsettling Affair 令人不安的事情
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/nib.0.a911243
Zohar Lederman
Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics Volume 13.3 (2023) 1–35 © 2023 by Johns Hopkins University Press NARRATIVE SYMPOSIUM An Unsettling Affair Zohar Lederman A dults should not bury babies. Whenever that happens, you know something in the world has gone awry. Similarly to most Israeli Jews, I had to enlist in the military when I was 18. As part of my basic military training, I had to guard a certain settlement in the West Bank for two weeks. The drill was what we call “4–8”: four hours of guarding, eight hours of rest. I was supposed to stand on my feet throughout my shift without eating, reading, or doing anything that might distract my attention. The terrorists are coming, we were told, and they are bloodthirsty. You can save lives! Well, not that of the terrorist, obviously. I did very little guarding during those two weeks. I was too busy coping with depression and loneliness, although I am only now aware of the latter . Desperately struggling to keep my head above water, I did what I could to survive. I read books, lots of books. I remember reading Nietzsche’s Zarathustra ’s parable of one’s development in the desert. You start off as a lion, then a camel, and finally a child. If I could bestow only one piece of advice to my younger self, it would be to pack lightly, as even the camel’s back can only take so much. My laziness paid off. Nothing happened during that time. My older brother was kind enough to drive for an hour and bring me and my comrades the best candy Israel has to offer, and Coke. So I snacked, drank, and read. Two years later, I was called to the very same settlement as an emergency medical technician, just about to commence medical school. I was accompanied by my brother, who was then in paramedic school. We were in the midst of a family dinner in one of the too-many Jewish holidays. A terrorist attack occurred—a terrorist penetrated a house while everyone was asleep and shot everything that moved, including a male baby. Being only a couple of months old, his body occupied less than a quarter of the ambulance gurney. The upper part was bare; the lower part was wrapped in a diaper. There was no blood, no obvious visible signs of trauma on his body, except for a small hole in his right arm, just under the bicipital muscle, right where the brachial artery is. Talking about the ethics of futile care seems out of sync in such moments, even if I were aware then of the debate. When a baby dies, you do everything to save him. Two fingers on the chest, 15 chest compressions, 2 breaths. That is what we had to do then, and that is what we did. Needless to say, the pale body did not respond. My brother and I drove the small body to the morgue. I could do nothing but stare at it throughout the 50-minute drive. There is something wrong in a world where this kind of thing happens. I promised the baby that I would fix it. I have not fixed it. But I have been trying. I am now an emergency medicine physician and a bioethicist. I have not been invo
生物伦理学叙事探究卷13.3(2023)1-35©2023由约翰霍普金斯大学出版社叙事研讨会一个令人不安的事情Zohar Lederman一个成年人不应该埋葬婴儿。每当这种情况发生时,你就知道世界上有些地方出了问题。和大多数以色列犹太人一样,我不得不在18岁时参军。作为我基本军事训练的一部分,我必须在西岸的某个定居点守卫两周。这次训练就是我们所说的“4-8”:4小时守卫,8小时休息。我应该在整个轮班期间站着,不吃东西,不看书,也不做任何可能分散我注意力的事情。恐怖分子来了,我们被告知,他们是嗜血的。你可以拯救生命!显然不是那个恐怖分子。在那两个星期里,我几乎没有做什么守卫工作。我忙于应付抑郁和孤独,虽然我现在才意识到后者。绝望地挣扎着让自己浮出水面,我尽我所能活了下来。我读书,很多书。我记得读过尼采的查拉图斯特拉关于一个人在沙漠中发展的寓言。你开始是一头狮子,然后是一头骆驼,最后是一个孩子。如果我只能给年轻时的自己一条建议,那就是轻装上阵,因为骆驼的背也只能承载这么多东西。我的懒惰得到了回报。在这段时间里什么也没发生。我的哥哥好心地开了一个小时的车,给我和我的同志们带来了以色列最好的糖果和可乐。所以我吃零食、喝酒、看书。两年后,我作为一名紧急医疗技术员被召到同一个定居点,即将开始医学院的学习。我的哥哥陪着我,他当时在护理学校上学。我们正在吃家庭晚餐,这是众多犹太节日中的一个。一场恐怖袭击发生了——一名恐怖分子趁大家都在睡觉的时候潜入一所房子,射杀了所有能动的东西,包括一名男婴。因为只有几个月大,他的身体只占了救护车轮床的不到四分之一。上半部分是光秃秃的;下半身裹着尿布。他身上没有血迹,也没有明显的外伤痕迹,除了右臂上有个小洞,就在肱二头肌下面,肱动脉所在的地方。在这样的时刻,谈论无效护理的伦理似乎是不同步的,即使我当时意识到这场辩论。当一个婴儿死了,你会尽一切努力去救他。两根手指放在胸口,胸腔按压15次,呼吸2次。这是我们当时必须做的,也是我们所做的。不用说,那苍白的身体没有反应。我哥哥和我开车把小尸体送到停尸间。在50分钟的车程中,我什么也做不了,只能盯着它看。发生这种事的世界一定有问题。我答应过孩子我会治好他的。我还没有修好它。但我一直在努力。我现在是一名急诊医师和生物伦理学家。从那以后,我再也没有参与过其他恐怖袭击,但我亲眼目睹了自己的遭遇。有些人的死亡感觉很自然,甚至是理所当然的;其他人则觉得残忍、不合时宜、不公平。后者带走了Zohar Lederman, Ola Ziara, Oksana Sulaieva, Anna Shcherbakova和Oleksandr Dudin, Vladyslava Kachkovska, Iryna Dudchenko, Anna Kovchun和Lyudmyla Prystupa, Yuliya Nogovitsyna, Ghaiath Hussein,一个流亡医生,Ayesha Ahmad, Richard W. Sams II, Handreen Mohammed Saeed, Artem Riga, Ryan C. Maves, Elizabeth Dotsenko, Irina Deyneka和Eva Regel,和Vita Voloshchuk 2生物伦理学叙事探究•第13卷•第3号•2023年冬天你的灵魂的一小部分,让你质疑你在世界上的角色。通过尽我所能成为最好的医生,我希望能防止未来残忍、不公和过早的死亡,一次一个人。但医生能做的也就这么多了。类似于其他人的工作……
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Narrative inquiry in bioethics
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