Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1323
Blandine Pichon, Eric Benoit, Stéphane Perrin, Alexandre Benoit, Nicolas Berton, Dorian Coves, Julien Cruvieux, Youssouph Faye
Continuous in-house measurement of gait of elderly People is relevant for health professionals. To be adopted by most, the system must be low-cost and non-intrusive. In this paper we present a solution for measuring the walking velocity based on a network of 4 electric potential sensors. In our experiments, we also add PIR sensors used in our previous work for comparative purposes. A temporary Depth camera is used for training the model on walking velocity. The first results presented are obtained without machine learning. Then a machine learning regression method is tested to reduce the uncertainty of the sensors. The results show that the electric potential sensors are suitable for the in-house measurement of walking speed of elderly people. The uncertainty is lower than the target of 0.15 m s-1 known as the upper limit for detecting a reduction in speed due to illness. As for the PIR sensors, electric potential sensors consume very little energy, they are inexpensive, they can be embedded and hidden in the home which makes them less -intrusive and furthermore have better accuracy.
对老年人的步态进行连续的内部测量对保健专业人员来说非常重要。要想被大多数人采用，该系统必须成本低、无干扰。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于 4 个电动势传感器网络的步行速度测量解决方案。在实验中，我们还加入了之前工作中使用的 PIR 传感器，以进行比较。临时深度摄像头用于训练行走速度模型。最初的结果是在没有机器学习的情况下获得的。然后测试了一种机器学习回归方法，以减少传感器的不确定性。结果表明，电动势传感器适用于内部测量老年人的行走速度。其不确定性低于 0.15 米/秒-1 的目标值，而 0.15 米/秒-1 是检测因疾病导致速度下降的上限。与 PIR 传感器相比，电动势传感器能耗低，价格便宜，可以嵌入和隐藏在家中，因此干扰性更小，而且精度更高。
{"title":"A low-cost machine learning process for gait measurement using an electrostatic sensors network","authors":"Blandine Pichon, Eric Benoit, Stéphane Perrin, Alexandre Benoit, Nicolas Berton, Dorian Coves, Julien Cruvieux, Youssouph Faye","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1323","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous in-house measurement of gait of elderly People is relevant for health professionals. To be adopted by most, the system must be low-cost and non-intrusive. In this paper we present a solution for measuring the walking velocity based on a network of 4 electric potential sensors. In our experiments, we also add PIR sensors used in our previous work for comparative purposes. A temporary Depth camera is used for training the model on walking velocity. The first results presented are obtained without machine learning. Then a machine learning regression method is tested to reduce the uncertainty of the sensors. The results show that the electric potential sensors are suitable for the in-house measurement of walking speed of elderly people. The uncertainty is lower than the target of 0.15 m s-1 known as the upper limit for detecting a reduction in speed due to illness. As for the PIR sensors, electric potential sensors consume very little energy, they are inexpensive, they can be embedded and hidden in the home which makes them less -intrusive and furthermore have better accuracy.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1686
M. F. Peruzy, Valeria Vuoso, Claudio Felicani, Giuseppe Cotturone, Kurt Houf, N. Murru
The work aimed to collect and analyse data obtained from the routine post-mortem veterinary inspection of bovine viscera and to evaluate the reliability of remote veterinary meat inspections. A comparative study was conducted on viscera belonging to 30 bovines. For each bovine, findings were recorded simultaneously by two veterinarians, one conducting an on-site post-mortem inspection and another performing the remote inspection through a tablet. A total of 10 (33.33 %) bovines were healthy. In a total of 18 (60.00 %) and 11 animals (33.00 %) pulmonary and hepatic lesions were respectively, observed. The most reported finding was pleuritis recorded in 17 animals (56.67 %), followed by pneumonia (16.67 %). The agreement between the two methods used for the post-mortem inspection of bovines was generally high. In an overall 73.33 % of bovines the findings recorded by the veterinarian who conducted the on-site post-mortem inspection and those recorded by the veterinarian performing the remote inspection were overlapping. In conclusion, a move to a remote post-mortem inspection has a negligible negative impact on public health since the most frequently detected lesions recorded were of scarce significance and in most cases, they were effectively detected by the veterinarian through the tablet.
{"title":"Remote post-mortem veterinary meat inspections in bovine and analysis of post-mortem inspection outcomes: preliminary results","authors":"M. F. Peruzy, Valeria Vuoso, Claudio Felicani, Giuseppe Cotturone, Kurt Houf, N. Murru","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1686","url":null,"abstract":"The work aimed to collect and analyse data obtained from the routine post-mortem veterinary inspection of bovine viscera and to evaluate the reliability of remote veterinary meat inspections. A comparative study was conducted on viscera belonging to 30 bovines. For each bovine, findings were recorded simultaneously by two veterinarians, one conducting an on-site post-mortem inspection and another performing the remote inspection through a tablet. A total of 10 (33.33 %) bovines were healthy. In a total of 18 (60.00 %) and 11 animals (33.00 %) pulmonary and hepatic lesions were respectively, observed. The most reported finding was pleuritis recorded in 17 animals (56.67 %), followed by pneumonia (16.67 %). The agreement between the two methods used for the post-mortem inspection of bovines was generally high. In an overall 73.33 % of bovines the findings recorded by the veterinarian who conducted the on-site post-mortem inspection and those recorded by the veterinarian performing the remote inspection were overlapping. In conclusion, a move to a remote post-mortem inspection has a negligible negative impact on public health since the most frequently detected lesions recorded were of scarce significance and in most cases, they were effectively detected by the veterinarian through the tablet.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1733
Joss Langford, Tim Fawcett, Emily Price, Destiny Bradley, Alastair J Wilson, Darren P. Croft
The measurement of behaviour in extensively managed livestock for the assessment of welfare remains a challenge. Bio-logging devices offer the opportunity to collect continuous behavioural data over long periods while animals are in their normal physical environment. Using collar-measured acceleration from 84 ewes over 28 days in a commercial flock, we built two-component daily phenotypic profiles with data-driven analysis techniques not reliant on human observations. Our analysis demonstrates the moderate repeatability of both components (0.58 ± 0.06 and 0.53 ± 0.05), the heritability of one component (0.53 ± 0.15), and environmental associations with wind chill index (−0.63 ± 0.13), and day length (−0.66 ± 0.19). We discuss these results in relation to previous work, showing that our methods of measurement and analysis are capable of revealing the daily patterns of behaviour in sheep and how these are influenced by the physical environment and genetics. This approach can be generalised to assess behavioural phenotypes and the determinants of behaviour in other breeds or species.
{"title":"Bio-logging reveals heritable patterns of natural behaviours in sheep","authors":"Joss Langford, Tim Fawcett, Emily Price, Destiny Bradley, Alastair J Wilson, Darren P. Croft","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1733","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of behaviour in extensively managed livestock for the assessment of welfare remains a challenge. Bio-logging devices offer the opportunity to collect continuous behavioural data over long periods while animals are in their normal physical environment. Using collar-measured acceleration from 84 ewes over 28 days in a commercial flock, we built two-component daily phenotypic profiles with data-driven analysis techniques not reliant on human observations. Our analysis demonstrates the moderate repeatability of both components (0.58 ± 0.06 and 0.53 ± 0.05), the heritability of one component (0.53 ± 0.15), and environmental associations with wind chill index (−0.63 ± 0.13), and day length (−0.66 ± 0.19). We discuss these results in relation to previous work, showing that our methods of measurement and analysis are capable of revealing the daily patterns of behaviour in sheep and how these are influenced by the physical environment and genetics. This approach can be generalised to assess behavioural phenotypes and the determinants of behaviour in other breeds or species.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140384475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1659
S. Magro, Carlo Boselli, A. Costa, M. De Marchi
The present study aimed to investigate the phenotypic factors affecting the variability of the milkability traits measured in Italian dairy goats through a portable milkmeter in commercial herds. Milkability descriptors combine either milk production, milking time, or milk flow and are important to consider for reasons related to udder health, e.g., they can be exploited for large- or small-scale monitoring of mechanical milking stress. The milkability traits recorded in this study were analyzed through a linear model. Almost all the traits were influenced by lactation stage, but only part of them were affected by parity and season of sampling. With exception of blind phase (overmilking indicator), estimates decreased along the lactation, suggesting that fresh animals – especially pluriparous - are those with the greatest productivity, milk emission flow, and milking time. As regards the effect of parity, for the majority of traits the estimates of primiparous were lower compared to those of pluriparous. Monitoring milking ability of goats through milkmeters in the field can be a strategy to evaluate milking procedures of farmers and could thereby boost the implementation and effectiveness of udder health improvement schemes with positive implications on milk quality and farm profitability.
{"title":"Portable milkmeters for the rapid in-field collection of milkability phenotypes in dairy goats","authors":"S. Magro, Carlo Boselli, A. Costa, M. De Marchi","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1659","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the phenotypic factors affecting the variability of the milkability traits measured in Italian dairy goats through a portable milkmeter in commercial herds. Milkability descriptors combine either milk production, milking time, or milk flow and are important to consider for reasons related to udder health, e.g., they can be exploited for large- or small-scale monitoring of mechanical milking stress. The milkability traits recorded in this study were analyzed through a linear model. Almost all the traits were influenced by lactation stage, but only part of them were affected by parity and season of sampling. With exception of blind phase (overmilking indicator), estimates decreased along the lactation, suggesting that fresh animals – especially pluriparous - are those with the greatest productivity, milk emission flow, and milking time. As regards the effect of parity, for the majority of traits the estimates of primiparous were lower compared to those of pluriparous. Monitoring milking ability of goats through milkmeters in the field can be a strategy to evaluate milking procedures of farmers and could thereby boost the implementation and effectiveness of udder health improvement schemes with positive implications on milk quality and farm profitability.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1623
Elena Diaz Vicuna, L. Anfossi, F. Di Nardo, Claudio Forte, L. Ozella
Being able to obtain an objective and repeatable measurement of stress levels from a single subject represents a primary issue in animal welfare science, especially in relation to cattle farming. A potential solution has been recently identified in the determination of cortisol’s salivary levels: a non-invasive method strictly related to acute stress. The development of an on-field, easy-to-use method to perform the analysis is yet to be validated. In this study, we developed and tested the reliability of salivary cortisol as a marker for the evaluation of animal welfare. We aimed to develop an on-field use Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) for the evaluation of acute stress in bovines. The availability of this non-invasive diagnostic tool will facilitate monitoring of animal welfare. In the short term, this innovation is expected to assist farmers and veterinarians in performing a more objective evaluation of the animal’s acute stress levels. In the long term, the device could become a key-instrument for the EU’s growing necessity to better monitor and identify the potential stressor factors in animal farming.
{"title":"CortiCow project: development of a rapid and non-invasive lateral flow immunoassay for the evaluation of cortisol levels in bovine saliva","authors":"Elena Diaz Vicuna, L. Anfossi, F. Di Nardo, Claudio Forte, L. Ozella","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1623","url":null,"abstract":"Being able to obtain an objective and repeatable measurement of stress levels from a single subject represents a primary issue in animal welfare science, especially in relation to cattle farming. A potential solution has been recently identified in the determination of cortisol’s salivary levels: a non-invasive method strictly related to acute stress. The development of an on-field, easy-to-use method to perform the analysis is yet to be validated. In this study, we developed and tested the reliability of salivary cortisol as a marker for the evaluation of animal welfare. We aimed to develop an on-field use Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) for the evaluation of acute stress in bovines.\u0000The availability of this non-invasive diagnostic tool will facilitate monitoring of animal welfare. In the short term, this innovation is expected to assist farmers and veterinarians in performing a more objective evaluation of the animal’s acute stress levels.\u0000In the long term, the device could become a key-instrument for the EU’s growing necessity to better monitor and identify the potential stressor factors in animal farming.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1622
Martina Moriconi, V. Lorenzi, Clara Montagnin, Claudio Forte, Alessandro Dondo, M. Vevey, Sandra Gaino, F. Fusi, Stefania Bergagna
The growing sensitivity of consumers about animal welfare and the awareness of its impact on food security and safety recently influenced international policies and law scenario. To response to these needs, in 2018, the Italian Ministry of Health commissioned the development of a system named ClassyFarm able to categorizes the level of risk arising from farm animal welfare. The experts involved in the project provided specific checklists to analyze different animal species and housing system. The developed welfare measurement protocols consist of both resource-based and animal-based measures and are divided into three areas: (Area A) “Farm management and staff training”, Area B) “Housing and equipment”, (Area C) “Animal-based measures”. The aim of this study was to measure welfare conditions in cattle herds reared in the Aosta Valley through the ClassyFarm checklist for tie-stall dairy cattle. The scores (%) for each area of assessment were divided into three classes (insufficient, acceptable, and optimal) while the total Animal Welfare Score (AWS), obtained by summing the scores of the 3 areas, was divided into five classes. The total AWS showed the majority of the farm included in good to optimal result.
{"title":"Application of the ClassyFarm checklist as measurement tool to evaluate the welfare of cattle kept in tie-stalls in Aosta valley","authors":"Martina Moriconi, V. Lorenzi, Clara Montagnin, Claudio Forte, Alessandro Dondo, M. Vevey, Sandra Gaino, F. Fusi, Stefania Bergagna","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1622","url":null,"abstract":"The growing sensitivity of consumers about animal welfare and the awareness of its impact on food security and safety recently influenced international policies and law scenario. To response to these needs, in 2018, the Italian Ministry of Health commissioned the development of a system named ClassyFarm able to categorizes the level of risk arising from farm animal welfare. The experts involved in the project provided specific checklists to analyze different animal species and housing system. The developed welfare measurement protocols consist of both resource-based and animal-based measures and are divided into three areas: (Area A) “Farm management and staff training”, Area B) “Housing and equipment”, (Area C) “Animal-based measures”. The aim of this study was to measure welfare conditions in cattle herds reared in the Aosta Valley through the ClassyFarm checklist for tie-stall dairy cattle. The scores (%) for each area of assessment were divided into three classes (insufficient, acceptable, and optimal) while the total Animal Welfare Score (AWS), obtained by summing the scores of the 3 areas, was divided into five classes. The total AWS showed the majority of the farm included in good to optimal result.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140386673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1648
A. Guerra, M. Franzoi, V. Vigolo, Enrico Tosetto, M. De Marchi
Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy is a widespread method for routine analysis in milk. This method can also be used for the detection of adulterants in bovine milk which represent a current risk for dairy industries and public health. This work focuses on the detection of seven adulterants present in three known concentrations in bulk milk sample. The adulterants were: sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, hydroxyproline, glucose, sodium citrate, water, and urea. Partial least squares – discriminant analysis was used to develop statistical models to predict the presence of adulterants in milk samples. The obtained models could provide an easy, efficient, and rapid tool for the dairy industry to detect specific adulterants in milk.
{"title":"Detection of common adulterants in bulk bovine milk using fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"A. Guerra, M. Franzoi, V. Vigolo, Enrico Tosetto, M. De Marchi","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1648","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy is a widespread method for routine analysis in milk. This method can also be used for the detection of adulterants in bovine milk which represent a current risk for dairy industries and public health. This work focuses on the detection of seven adulterants present in three known concentrations in bulk milk sample. The adulterants were: sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, hydroxyproline, glucose, sodium citrate, water, and urea. Partial least squares – discriminant analysis was used to develop statistical models to predict the presence of adulterants in milk samples. The obtained models could provide an easy, efficient, and rapid tool for the dairy industry to detect specific adulterants in milk.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1673
Pedro Judice, Jorge Fouto, Miguel Horta, Sara Pereira
The iPhone’s validity for measuring steps has been mainly investigated under laboratory conditions, while studies that include real-world conditions are still scarce. We examined the validity of iPhones in measuring steps in real-world walking conditions, while using direct observation with video as reference. A sample of 100 adults who owned an iPhone 5S or higher was included and participants were randomly allocated to one of two protocols. Limits of Agreement (LoA), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), linear-regression and Bland-Altman analyses were carried out. In Protocol-1, which includes straight-line and zigzag conditions, we observed a low MAPE lower than 4%. Bland-Altman analyses assessed a high accordance of approximately 6 steps under both conditions. Differences between the iPhone and direct observation were only noticeable in straight-line condition (p = 0.002). Likewise, protocol-2 (three 50-step conditions: an upward 5 % slope, a flat surface, and a downward -5% slope) showed low MAPE values (3.78 %) for the upward slope, 2.41 % for the downward slope, and 2.37 % in absence of slope), and differences between the iPhone and direct observation were only observed for the downward slope (p = 0.017), with the iPhone overestimating. Our findings revealed that iPhone might be a reliable tool for monitoring walking in real-life conditions, however, downward slope seems to generate overestimation, which deserves future investigation.
{"title":"Validity of iPhone health application step count in semi free-living conditions","authors":"Pedro Judice, Jorge Fouto, Miguel Horta, Sara Pereira","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1673","url":null,"abstract":"The iPhone’s validity for measuring steps has been mainly investigated under laboratory conditions, while studies that include real-world conditions are still scarce. We examined the validity of iPhones in measuring steps in real-world walking conditions, while using direct observation with video as reference. A sample of 100 adults who owned an iPhone 5S or higher was included and participants were randomly allocated to one of two protocols. Limits of Agreement (LoA), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), linear-regression and Bland-Altman analyses were carried out. In Protocol-1, which includes straight-line and zigzag conditions, we observed a low MAPE lower than 4%. Bland-Altman analyses assessed a high accordance of approximately 6 steps under both conditions. Differences between the iPhone and direct observation were only noticeable in straight-line condition (p = 0.002). Likewise, protocol-2 (three 50-step conditions: an upward 5 % slope, a flat surface, and a downward -5% slope) showed low MAPE values (3.78 %) for the upward slope, 2.41 % for the downward slope, and 2.37 % in absence of slope), and differences between the iPhone and direct observation were only observed for the downward slope (p = 0.017), with the iPhone overestimating. Our findings revealed that iPhone might be a reliable tool for monitoring walking in real-life conditions, however, downward slope seems to generate overestimation, which deserves future investigation.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1627
F. Borgonovo, Valentina Ferrante, Guido Grilli, Marcella Guarino
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by pathogens, host-pathogen interactions and biochemical pathways are present everywhere such as in blood, breath, faeces, sweat, skin, urine, and vaginal fluids. Their qualitative and quantitative composition is influenced by pathophysiological responses to infections, toxins, or endogenous metabolic pathway perturbations. In poultry, VOCs analysis has been explored to evaluate air quality in sheds, but they have never been monitored to determine if birds were affected by enteric diseases. The enteric disorders represent one of the most important groups of diseases that affect poultry and cause illness, mortality, and economic losses. For this reason, monitoring the health status of broilers and the early detection of any health problem is of great importance in intensive farming, especially nowadays that antibiotics are banned. Precision Livestock Farming, through the combination of cheap technologies and specific algorithms, can provide valuable information for farmers starting from the huge amount of data collected in real time at farm level. This study was aimed to the application of a PLF diagnostic tool, sensible to the variation of volatile organic compounds, to promptly recognize enteric problems recognize enteric problems (as coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis) in intensive farming, supporting veterinarians and enabling specific treatments in case of disease.
{"title":"An innovative approach for analysing and evaluating enteric diseases in poultry farm","authors":"F. Borgonovo, Valentina Ferrante, Guido Grilli, Marcella Guarino","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1627","url":null,"abstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by pathogens, host-pathogen interactions and biochemical pathways are present everywhere such as in blood, breath, faeces, sweat, skin, urine, and vaginal fluids. Their qualitative and quantitative composition is influenced by pathophysiological responses to infections, toxins, or endogenous metabolic pathway perturbations. In poultry, VOCs analysis has been explored to evaluate air quality in sheds, but they have never been monitored to determine if birds were affected by enteric diseases. The enteric disorders represent one of the most important groups of diseases that affect poultry and cause illness, mortality, and economic losses. For this reason, monitoring the health status of broilers and the early detection of any health problem is of great importance in intensive farming, especially nowadays that antibiotics are banned. Precision Livestock Farming, through the combination of cheap technologies and specific algorithms, can provide valuable information for farmers starting from the huge amount of data collected in real time at farm level.\u0000This study was aimed to the application of a PLF diagnostic tool, sensible to the variation of volatile organic compounds, to promptly recognize enteric problems recognize enteric problems (as coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis) in intensive farming, supporting veterinarians and enabling specific treatments in case of disease.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1615
Martina Quagliardi, L. Galosi, Giacomo Rossi, Alessandra Roncarati, A. Gavazza
Reference Intervals (RIs) are necessary in veterinary clinical pathology to provide a data base in order to compare results obtained from healthy versus diseased animals. Data are obtained from laboratory tests and, depending on whether they have a Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution, are processed through statistical tests to define the RIs. This process begins with a healthy reference population made up of individuals who have been initially chosen based on inclusion or exclusion criteria. It is frequently challenging to have a large number of healthy individuals on which to establish de novo RIs, especially in wild and exotic animals. However, the use of reference intervals in daily clinical practice remains a fundamental instrument for therapeutic and diagnostic decisions, but it must always be accompanied by clinical findings that can confirm the hypothesis.
{"title":"Reference Intervals (RIs) in veterinary medicine","authors":"Martina Quagliardi, L. Galosi, Giacomo Rossi, Alessandra Roncarati, A. Gavazza","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v13i1.1615","url":null,"abstract":"Reference Intervals (RIs) are necessary in veterinary clinical pathology to provide a data base in order to compare results obtained from healthy versus diseased animals. Data are obtained from laboratory tests and, depending on whether they have a Gaussian or non-Gaussian distribution, are processed through statistical tests to define the RIs. This process begins with a healthy reference population made up of individuals who have been initially chosen based on inclusion or exclusion criteria. It is frequently challenging to have a large number of healthy individuals on which to establish de novo RIs, especially in wild and exotic animals. However, the use of reference intervals in daily clinical practice remains a fundamental instrument for therapeutic and diagnostic decisions, but it must always be accompanied by clinical findings that can confirm the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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