Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1696
Antonio Casalini, Laura Gentile, Pietro Emmanuele, Riccardo Brusa, Chiara Fusaroli, Matteo Lucchi, Tiberio Tonetti, O. Mordenti
The eel (Anguilla anguilla) population in Europe has declined dramatically since the 1980s and shows no signs of recovery. There are several threats to this species: migratory barriers, loss of habitats, hydroelectric dams, overfishing, and illegal trade. As a result, the eel has become part of the ICUN endangered species and is protected by various institutions. Information data on the maturation stage is needed to monitor silver eel escapement and assess population trends. In the sampling activities spanning from 2012 to 2022 silver index was calculated on 1852 eels in the northern Adriatic Sea. With the help of machine learning technology, we trained an algorithm in pupil recognition and the calculation of horizontal eye diameter in eels. This study allowed us: a) to identify a single parameter to discriminate the sexual maturity of the eel and thus to know the female with a migratory instinct; b) to use this parameter as a proxy to develop an easy and user-friendly app for all management operators.
{"title":"An app as a tool for detecting migrant females of Anguilla anguilla to support the wild population","authors":"Antonio Casalini, Laura Gentile, Pietro Emmanuele, Riccardo Brusa, Chiara Fusaroli, Matteo Lucchi, Tiberio Tonetti, O. Mordenti","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1696","url":null,"abstract":"The eel (Anguilla anguilla) population in Europe has declined dramatically since the 1980s and shows no signs of recovery. There are several threats to this species: migratory barriers, loss of habitats, hydroelectric dams, overfishing, and illegal trade. As a result, the eel has become part of the ICUN endangered species and is protected by various institutions. Information data on the maturation stage is needed to monitor silver eel escapement and assess population trends. In the sampling activities spanning from 2012 to 2022 silver index was calculated on 1852 eels in the northern Adriatic Sea. With the help of machine learning technology, we trained an algorithm in pupil recognition and the calculation of horizontal eye diameter in eels. This study allowed us: a) to identify a single parameter to discriminate the sexual maturity of the eel and thus to know the female with a migratory instinct; b) to use this parameter as a proxy to develop an easy and user-friendly app for all management operators.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1561
Luca Alessandri, V. Baiocchi, F. Monti, Luca Cusimano, Angelica Fiorillo, Virginia Gianni, Caterina Rossi, P. A. Attema, M. Rolfo
The collection of samples and finds for archaeological surveys is traditionally based on the establishment of grids that allow the area under study to be discretized into generally square cells in order to allow a statistical assessment of the highest or lowest concentration of finds. Currently, such grids are implemented in a local coordinate system established by means of total stations or tape measures. We validated the capabilities of a low-cost GPS/GNSS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver to build a grid during the intensive archaeological survey of the Piscina Torta site (Italy), in the framework of the Salt and Power project of the University of Groningen. We also tested not using a local grid but a cartographic grid (WGS84 UTM zone 33 N) and naming the single cells with the coordinates of one of its vertices. This approach is greatly facilitated by the recent availability of inexpensive RTK receivers with few centimetres accuracy, very small in size and weight and with hardware protected enough to be used in the field. This would facilitate the use and exchange of the data (e.g. about the materials collected in the cell) among the scientific community and can be thought of as a proposal for standardization.
{"title":"Low-cost GPS/GNSS Real Time Kinematic receiver to build a cartographic grid on the ground for an archaeological survey at Piscina Torta (Italy)","authors":"Luca Alessandri, V. Baiocchi, F. Monti, Luca Cusimano, Angelica Fiorillo, Virginia Gianni, Caterina Rossi, P. A. Attema, M. Rolfo","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1561","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of samples and finds for archaeological surveys is traditionally based on the establishment of grids that allow the area under study to be discretized into generally square cells in order to allow a statistical assessment of the highest or lowest concentration of finds. Currently, such grids are implemented in a local coordinate system established by means of total stations or tape measures. We validated the capabilities of a low-cost GPS/GNSS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver to build a grid during the intensive archaeological survey of the Piscina Torta site (Italy), in the framework of the Salt and Power project of the University of Groningen. We also tested not using a local grid but a cartographic grid (WGS84 UTM zone 33 N) and naming the single cells with the coordinates of one of its vertices. This approach is greatly facilitated by the recent availability of inexpensive RTK receivers with few centimetres accuracy, very small in size and weight and with hardware protected enough to be used in the field. This would facilitate the use and exchange of the data (e.g. about the materials collected in the cell) among the scientific community and can be thought of as a proposal for standardization.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1701
Amina Vietti, L. Vigorelli, Sabrina Grassini, L. Guidorzi, M. Magalini, Alessandro Re, A. Lo Giudice, Francesco Grazzi, Nicla Gelli
The long-term purpose of this study is to assess the capabilities of the new Neutron Imaging beamline developed at the LENA facility of Pavia (Italy) for the characterisation of bronze artefacts. In this preliminary work, a set of Cu-based reference alloys has been produced and analysed in order to test and calibrate the facility. The first step involved the production of Cu-based alloys with chemical composition and microstructure similar to ancient artefacts. The chemical composition of the reference alloys was analysed by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Secondly, some samples were artificially patinated with different chemical treatments obtaining an artificial corrosion products layer comparable to natural corrosion. X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy have been used to characterise the corrosion patina. The main corrosion products on sulphate-induced patina are cuprite and brochantite, whereas atacamite and clinoatacamite were detected on chloride-induced patinas. Finally, preliminary Neutron Imaging measurements were performed on a first set of coated and uncoated specimens in order to try to correlate the neutrons attenuation coefficients with the chemical compositions with promising results.
这项研究的长期目的是评估意大利帕维亚 LENA 设施开发的新中子成像光束线的能力，以确定青铜文物的特征。在这项初步工作中，为了测试和校准该设施，制作并分析了一组铜基参考合金。第一步是生产化学成分和微观结构与古代文物相似的铜基合金。参考合金的化学成分通过光学发射光谱进行分析。其次，用不同的化学处理方法对一些样品进行人工钝化，以获得与自然腐蚀相当的人工腐蚀产物层。X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱被用来描述腐蚀层的特征。在硫酸盐诱导的铜绿辉石中，主要的腐蚀产物是铜绿辉石和铜绿辉铜矿，而在氯化物诱导的铜绿辉石中，则检测到了阿托孔雀石和clinoatacamite。最后，对第一组有涂层和无涂层的试样进行了初步的中子成像测量，以尝试将中子衰减系数与化学成分联系起来，结果令人满意。
{"title":"Realisation and characterisation of Cu-based references for neutron imaging calibration purposes and first results","authors":"Amina Vietti, L. Vigorelli, Sabrina Grassini, L. Guidorzi, M. Magalini, Alessandro Re, A. Lo Giudice, Francesco Grazzi, Nicla Gelli","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1701","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term purpose of this study is to assess the capabilities of the new Neutron Imaging beamline developed at the LENA facility of Pavia (Italy) for the characterisation of bronze artefacts. In this preliminary work, a set of Cu-based reference alloys has been produced and analysed in order to test and calibrate the facility. The first step involved the production of Cu-based alloys with chemical composition and microstructure similar to ancient artefacts. The chemical composition of the reference alloys was analysed by Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Secondly, some samples were artificially patinated with different chemical treatments obtaining an artificial corrosion products layer comparable to natural corrosion. X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy have been used to characterise the corrosion patina. The main corrosion products on sulphate-induced patina are cuprite and brochantite, whereas atacamite and clinoatacamite were detected on chloride-induced patinas. Finally, preliminary Neutron Imaging measurements were performed on a first set of coated and uncoated specimens in order to try to correlate the neutrons attenuation coefficients with the chemical compositions with promising results.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1608
M. Y. Rachedi, D. Bechki, H. Bouguettaia
Even though the southeast region of Algeria, especially Ouargla city, enjoys a lot of sunshine all over the year, fixed photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are not sufficient due to two main reasons. Firstly, these panels are unable to capture sunlight during the early morning and late afternoon, and secondly, their efficiency is low, requiring the use of economical methods to enhance their performance. To overcome these limitations, this research suggests incorporating commercial reflectors to enhance sunlight capture. Furthermore, this paper compares the effects of three types of reflective materials: mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, on the performance of the PV module. To achieve this objective, reflectors are installed at the top and bottom of the PV module at their optimal tilt angles. Moreover, the effect of the adjacent module's mirrors was studied by installing two big mirrors (3X). The obtained results show an average improvement of 14.24 %, 11.41 %, and 4.7 % in the electrical energy generated by the PV panel with mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, respectively, compared to the module without reflectors. Subsequently, in the large mirror case, the results were positive, with an average 20.84 % increase in the maximal electrical power produced compared to the conventional one.
{"title":"Photovoltaic module augmented by commercial reflectors in Southern Algeria: Comparison between different reflective materials","authors":"M. Y. Rachedi, D. Bechki, H. Bouguettaia","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1608","url":null,"abstract":"Even though the southeast region of Algeria, especially Ouargla city, enjoys a lot of sunshine all over the year, fixed photovoltaic (PV) solar panels are not sufficient due to two main reasons. Firstly, these panels are unable to capture sunlight during the early morning and late afternoon, and secondly, their efficiency is low, requiring the use of economical methods to enhance their performance. To overcome these limitations, this research suggests incorporating commercial reflectors to enhance sunlight capture. Furthermore, this paper compares the effects of three types of reflective materials: mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, on the performance of the PV module. To achieve this objective, reflectors are installed at the top and bottom of the PV module at their optimal tilt angles. Moreover, the effect of the adjacent module's mirrors was studied by installing two big mirrors (3X). The obtained results show an average improvement of 14.24 %, 11.41 %, and 4.7 % in the electrical energy generated by the PV panel with mirrors, aluminium, and transparent glass, respectively, compared to the module without reflectors. Subsequently, in the large mirror case, the results were positive, with an average 20.84 % increase in the maximal electrical power produced compared to the conventional one.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1646
Maria Teresa Verde, R. Matera, F. Bonavolontã, Francesco Lamonaca, Leopoldo Angrisani, Concettina Fezza, Luca Borzacchiello, A. Cotticelli, Gianluca Neglia
The adoption of Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) in Europe and Italy has been increasing gradually in recent years, driven by the advantages they offer over traditional milking methods. AMS reduces the need for manual labor, increases milk production, standardizes teat cleaning and disinfection, and promotes animal welfare. The adoption of milking robots also allows for continuous monitoring of milk parameters, animal health status, and production performance. In a recent study, the authors analyzed the improvements achieved by a buffalo farm in Southern Italy that switched from an older model (Classic ) to a newer generation model (VMS 300) of milking robot, showing an increase in production quantity and quality.
{"title":"Comparative performance analysis between two different generations of an automatic milking system","authors":"Maria Teresa Verde, R. Matera, F. Bonavolontã, Francesco Lamonaca, Leopoldo Angrisani, Concettina Fezza, Luca Borzacchiello, A. Cotticelli, Gianluca Neglia","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1646","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) in Europe and Italy has been increasing gradually in recent years, driven by the advantages they offer over traditional milking methods. AMS reduces the need for manual labor, increases milk production, standardizes teat cleaning and disinfection, and promotes animal welfare. The adoption of milking robots also allows for continuous monitoring of milk parameters, animal health status, and production performance. In a recent study, the authors analyzed the improvements achieved by a buffalo farm in Southern Italy that switched from an older model (Classic ) to a newer generation model (VMS 300) of milking robot, showing an increase in production quantity and quality.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1634
Maria Teresa Verde, F. Bonavolontã, A. Liccardo, Francesco Lamonaca, E. Di Stasio, Giampaolo Raimondi
In 2022, there was a 25.77 % increase in work-related accidents reported in Italy, including 1090 with a fatal outcome. Legislative Decree 81/100 regulates worker safety and requires employers to assess risks and implement necessary interventions. When risks cannot be eliminated, employers must provide appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, safety management requires large investments and supervision to ensure proper use of PPE. The current regulatory system, which focuses on punishing noncompliance with safety requirements, has been insufficient in deterring workplace accidents. To address this, the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), is introducing incentives and substantial discounts on insurance costs for companies that carry out preventive actions. In this paper, the authors propose an innovative tool that leverages IoT and Blockchain technologies to record safety-related events in an immutable and transparent way, quantifying the level of achieved safety. They suggest setting up a system consisting of PPE with RFID technology and an automated surveillance agent to record operations and issue consents. The number of events recorded in Blockchain can quantify the degree of achieved safety.
2022 年，意大利报告的工伤事故增加了 25.77%，其中包括 1090 起致命事故。第 81/100 号法令对工人安全做出了规定，要求雇主评估风险并实施必要的干预措施。在无法消除风险的情况下，雇主必须提供适当的个人防护设备（PPE）。然而，安全管理需要大量投资和监督，以确保正确使用个人防护设备。目前的监管制度侧重于惩罚不遵守安全要求的行为，但不足以遏制工伤事故的发生。为解决这一问题，国家工伤事故保险协会（INAIL）正在对采取预防措施的公司实施奖励措施，并在保险费用上给予大幅优惠。在本文中，作者提出了一种创新工具，利用物联网和区块链技术，以不可变和透明的方式记录与安全相关的事件，量化已实现的安全水平。他们建议建立一个系统，由采用 RFID 技术的个人防护设备和自动监控代理组成，以记录操作并签发同意书。区块链中记录的事件数量可以量化实现安全的程度。
{"title":"A smart combination of IoT and blockchain enabling technologies to measure and improve workplace safety in dairy farm","authors":"Maria Teresa Verde, F. Bonavolontã, A. Liccardo, Francesco Lamonaca, E. Di Stasio, Giampaolo Raimondi","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1634","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, there was a 25.77 % increase in work-related accidents reported in Italy, including 1090 with a fatal outcome. Legislative Decree 81/100 regulates worker safety and requires employers to assess risks and implement necessary interventions. When risks cannot be eliminated, employers must provide appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, safety management requires large investments and supervision to ensure proper use of PPE. The current regulatory system, which focuses on punishing noncompliance with safety requirements, has been insufficient in deterring workplace accidents. To address this, the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), is introducing incentives and substantial discounts on insurance costs for companies that carry out preventive actions. In this paper, the authors propose an innovative tool that leverages IoT and Blockchain technologies to record safety-related events in an immutable and transparent way, quantifying the level of achieved safety. They suggest setting up a system consisting of PPE with RFID technology and an automated surveillance agent to record operations and issue consents. The number of events recorded in Blockchain can quantify the degree of achieved safety.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1617
N. Piscopo, Oscar Tamburis, F. Bonavolontã, Maria Teresa Verde, Maria Manno, Marianna Mancusi, Luigi Esposito
We have measured the passage times of a wild boar family group along a known track and in two years we evaluated the frequency of the time slots in which pubescent and adult females meets the adult males to mate. Results show that family group of wild boars stably structured, has frequented the specific point in constant time slots and this fact helps researchers to estimate a dynamic behaviour of local population. This measurements and results have a concrete impact on management of the wild population.
{"title":"Assessing wild boar presence and activity in a monitoring specific area of Campania region using camera traps","authors":"N. Piscopo, Oscar Tamburis, F. Bonavolontã, Maria Teresa Verde, Maria Manno, Marianna Mancusi, Luigi Esposito","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1617","url":null,"abstract":"We have measured the passage times of a wild boar family group along a known track and in two years we evaluated the frequency of the time slots in which pubescent and adult females meets the adult males to mate. Results show that family group of wild boars stably structured, has frequented the specific point in constant time slots and this fact helps researchers to estimate a dynamic behaviour of local population. This measurements and results have a concrete impact on management of the wild population.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1633
A. Cotticelli, Maria Teresa Verde, A. Liccardo, Giorgio De Alteriis, Francesco Lamonaca, R. Matera, Gianluca Neglia, Tanja Peric, Alberto Prandi, F. Bonavolontã
The paper discusses the challenges facing the dairy industry due to increased farm sizes and reduced staff-to-animal ratios, which are impacting animal welfare. The development of precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies has gained momentum to address these challenges. PLF technologies can assess animal welfare and health status by monitoring animal behavior and biological changes, and alerting farmers of any issues. However, the applicability of PLF tools in other productive phases of the dairy cattle is still limited. The article focuses on the challenges of managing unweaned dairy calves, particularly the variability in relation to when calves start consuming solid feed, and how PLF technologies can be used to monitor individual calf intake and manage weaning at the individual level. The attention is mainly focused on the advantages of using automated feeders for unweaned dairy calves, including labor savings, greater precision in measurement and control of individual intake of liquid and solid feed, and higher preweaning growth rates. In particular, a method is proposed, involving a 3D depth camera and a proper algorithm to measure the volume and weight of eaten feed. The method is preliminarily assessed in tests conducted in laboratory, which highlight a remarkable concurrence (differences as low as 2 %) with respect to nominal values.
{"title":"On the use of 3D camera to accurately measure volume and weight of dairy cow feed","authors":"A. Cotticelli, Maria Teresa Verde, A. Liccardo, Giorgio De Alteriis, Francesco Lamonaca, R. Matera, Gianluca Neglia, Tanja Peric, Alberto Prandi, F. Bonavolontã","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1633","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the challenges facing the dairy industry due to increased farm sizes and reduced staff-to-animal ratios, which are impacting animal welfare. The development of precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies has gained momentum to address these challenges. PLF technologies can assess animal welfare and health status by monitoring animal behavior and biological changes, and alerting farmers of any issues. However, the applicability of PLF tools in other productive phases of the dairy cattle is still limited. The article focuses on the challenges of managing unweaned dairy calves, particularly the variability in relation to when calves start consuming solid feed, and how PLF technologies can be used to monitor individual calf intake and manage weaning at the individual level. The attention is mainly focused on the advantages of using automated feeders for unweaned dairy calves, including labor savings, greater precision in measurement and control of individual intake of liquid and solid feed, and higher preweaning growth rates. In particular, a method is proposed, involving a 3D depth camera and a proper algorithm to measure the volume and weight of eaten feed. The method is preliminarily assessed in tests conducted in laboratory, which highlight a remarkable concurrence (differences as low as 2 %) with respect to nominal values.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1618
Maria Teresa Verde, Pierluigi Guerriero, F. Bonavolontã, Leopoldo Angrisani, Francesco Lamonaca, IOAN TUDOSA, Oscar Tamburis, Gianluca Neglia
In this paper, a proposal for an Internet-of-Things (IoT) based measurement system dealing with the enteric methane (CH4) emission monitoring from ruminants is presented. Herein, a brief overview of the recent advances in sensors technologies and their IoT integration for realizing measurement systems able to monitor the CH4 emissions in ruminants is also presented. Nowadays, it is confirmed that CH4 emissions, which are mainly produced during normal fermentation of feeds by the rumen microorganisms, are part of the Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, a classification of the existing measurement methods, sensing technologies and their impact on the animal’s welfare is presented. The proposed measurement system, together with its sensing elements and the developed data acquisition system are also reported in this paper. A preliminary disposal and field trials of the developed system in a farm facility is given.
{"title":"A measurement system for enteric CH4 emissions monitoring from ruminants in livestock farming","authors":"Maria Teresa Verde, Pierluigi Guerriero, F. Bonavolontã, Leopoldo Angrisani, Francesco Lamonaca, IOAN TUDOSA, Oscar Tamburis, Gianluca Neglia","doi":"10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1618","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a proposal for an Internet-of-Things (IoT) based measurement system dealing with the enteric methane (CH4) emission monitoring from ruminants is presented. Herein, a brief overview of the recent advances in sensors technologies and their IoT integration for realizing measurement systems able to monitor the CH4 emissions in ruminants is also presented. Nowadays, it is confirmed that CH4 emissions, which are mainly produced during normal fermentation of feeds by the rumen microorganisms, are part of the Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, a classification of the existing measurement methods, sensing technologies and their impact on the animal’s welfare is presented. The proposed measurement system, together with its sensing elements and the developed data acquisition system are also reported in this paper. A preliminary disposal and field trials of the developed system in a farm facility is given.","PeriodicalId":37987,"journal":{"name":"Acta IMEKO","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.21014/actaimeko.v12i4.1604
Oleksii Stennik, Oleksandr Mikhal, D. Meleshchuk
The article shows an idealized model of a Jones-type cell with a removable central extension tube. Two main factors leading to the cylindricity distortion of the inner surface of the cell are considered. These are radial displacement and tube diameter inequality. Based on the finite element method (FEM), errors in measuring the resistance of a liquid column caused by the non-uniformity of the current density distribution inside the cell were determined. The methodological error with respect to the idealized model was estimated for each factor separately and in combination. The Authors show that at a radial displacement of 0.6 mm, the error can reach 0.1 %. The same error value occurs when the inequality of the diameters is only 20 μm.
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