The Milenge live in the district of the Tshuapa, territory of Boende, Wini sector. "Booto" can be defined as "kinship, harmony, peace, affability". But it is also an invisible ghost, capable of solving the problems of life. It is represented by a living and animal-like bullet, which is able to move. Wrapped in dried banana leaves it is especially identified with a dwarf. The Nkanga (officiant) "Booto" is always the eldest of the heir family. He can be male or female. The presence of a "Booto" in a clan has some advantages not only for the owner but also for friends and the whole Milenge people. Synonyms: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea or Bomp'Atome. Keywords : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Resume Les "Milenge" habitent le district de la Tshuapa, territoire de Boende, secteur de Wini. " Booto " peut etre defini comme etant " la consanguinite, l'entente, la paix, l'affabilite". Mais c'est aussi un esprit invisible capable de resoudre les problemes de la vie. Il est represente par une balle vivante et animale, capable de se deplacer. Emballe en feuilles sechees du bananier, il est identifie surtout a un nain. Le Nkanga (officiant) "Booto" est toujours l'aine de la famille heritiere. Il peut etre femme ou homme. La presence de "Booto" dans un clan comporte quelques avantages dont jouit non seulement le proprietaire, amis aussi tout le peuple Milenge. Synonymes: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea ou Bomp'Atome. Mots cles : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 219-226
米伦格人住在图阿帕地区，博恩德的领土，维尼部门。“Booto”可以定义为“亲情、和谐、和平、亲切”。但它也是一个看不见的鬼魂，能够解决生活中的问题。它是由一颗活生生的、像动物一样的子弹来代表的，这颗子弹会移动。用干香蕉叶包裹着，它特别容易被认为是侏儒。Nkanga(主祭)“布托”永远是继承人家族中的老大。他可以是男性也可以是女性。在氏族中出现“Booto”不仅对氏族主人有好处，而且对朋友和整个Milenge人也有好处。同义词:iskota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea或Bomp'Atome。关键词:Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Resume“Milenge”居民le district de la Tshuapa, territoire de Boende, secteur de Wini。Booto“peut etri defini comme etant”是指“血缘、契约、和平、友善”。大多数人都认为这是一种无形的能力，可以解决生活中的问题。Il - est代表了一种有活力的动物，能够代替动物。Emballe en feuilles sechees du bananier，将最容易识别出一个人。lenkanga(主持)“Booto”是“toujours l’aine de la famille heritiere”的意思。我会把三个女人送回家。“Booto”的存在意味着“公司”的优势不在于“非所有权”，而在于“所有权”。同义词:iskota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea, Bomp'Atome。Mots cles: Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Annales aquatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 219-226
{"title":"'Booto' Régulateur de la vie des Milenge (Boende, RDC)","authors":"Oscar Lowenga la Wemboloke","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5619","url":null,"abstract":"The Milenge live in the district of the Tshuapa, territory of Boende, Wini sector. \"Booto\" can be defined as \"kinship, harmony, peace, affability\". But it is also an invisible ghost, capable of solving the problems of life. It is represented by a living and animal-like bullet, which is able to move. Wrapped in dried banana leaves it is especially identified with a dwarf. The Nkanga (officiant) \"Booto\" is always the eldest of the heir family. He can be male or female. The presence of a \"Booto\" in a clan has some advantages not only for the owner but also for friends and the whole Milenge people. Synonyms: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea or Bomp'Atome. Keywords : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Resume Les \"Milenge\" habitent le district de la Tshuapa, territoire de Boende, secteur de Wini. \" Booto \" peut etre defini comme etant \" la consanguinite, l'entente, la paix, l'affabilite\". Mais c'est aussi un esprit invisible capable de resoudre les problemes de la vie. Il est represente par une balle vivante et animale, capable de se deplacer. Emballe en feuilles sechees du bananier, il est identifie surtout a un nain. Le Nkanga (officiant) \"Booto\" est toujours l'aine de la famille heritiere. Il peut etre femme ou homme. La presence de \"Booto\" dans un clan comporte quelques avantages dont jouit non seulement le proprietaire, amis aussi tout le peuple Milenge. Synonymes: Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Ibong'Amputea ou Bomp'Atome. Mots cles : Bomp'Atome, Booto, Ibong'Amputea, Isekota, Kokomikokomi, Milenge Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 219-226","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125050122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Much of what is known of the colonial period of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is based upon sources written by members the colonial regime. This article emphasizes the voice of the Congolese who lived through that period, as shared in interviews carried out by the author in the villages of Due and Kwilu Sectors of Bulungu Territory, and Bindungi Sector of Masi-Manimba Territory, all in the Kwilu District of Bandundu Province. Relevant materials from unpublished archives in Congo complement those voices. The topics covered are the structure of the colonial administration, the activities of that administration in the villages, the reactions and resistance of the people to those activities, and the repression by the government of that resistance. Among the impositions of the government were tax payment, agricultural production, porterage, road and railroad construction, the relocation of villages, the control of cultural activities, sexual exploitation, medical programs, and military duty. The emphasis throughout is on the realities of living under a colonial regime from the perspective of those undergoing the colonial experience. Keywords : colonial rule, Belgian Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, oral sources, colonial archives; Congolese Kwilu District Resume Nos connaissances sur la periode coloniale en Republique Democratique du Congo, sont, pour une bonne part, basees sur des sources ecrites par les representants du regime colonial. Cette etude, par contre, donne la parole aux Congolais contemporains du regime colonial, par le biais d'interviews effectuees dans les villages des secteurs de Due et de Kwilu dans le Territoire de Bulungu, et les secteurs Bindungi du Territoire Masi-Manimba, dans le District Kwilu de la Province du Bandundu. Des documents d'archives inedits completent ces temoignages. Les sujets abordes sont: la structure de l'administration coloniale, les activites de cette administration dans les villages, les reactions et la resistance des gens a ces activites et sa repression par le gouvernement. Parmi les impositions du gouvernement, nous citons : le paiement de l'impot, les cultures agricoles obligatoires, le portage, l'entretien des routes, les constructions ferroviaires, les deplacements de villages, le controle des activites culturelles, l'exploitation sexuelle, les programmes medicaux et le service militaire. L'approche de ces realites sera toujours la perception de ceux qui ont subi le regime colonial. Mots cles : Regime colonial, Congo belge, Republique Democratique du Congo, sources orales, archives coloniales, Kwilu Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 165-217
关于刚果民主共和国殖民时期的许多已知情况都是基于殖民政权成员所写的资料。这篇文章强调了经历过那段时期的刚果人的声音，正如作者在班顿杜省奎卢区布伦古地区杜区和奎卢区村庄以及马西-曼尼巴地区宾顿吉区进行的采访中所分享的那样。来自刚果未发表档案的相关材料补充了这些声音。所涵盖的主题是殖民政府的结构，政府在村庄的活动，人民对这些活动的反应和抵抗，以及政府对这种抵抗的镇压。政府征收的税包括纳税、农业生产、搬运、公路和铁路建设、村庄搬迁、文化活动控制、性剥削、医疗项目和军事义务。全书的重点是从经历过殖民经历的人的角度出发，强调在殖民政权下生活的现实。关键词:殖民统治、比属刚果、刚果民主共和国、口述资料、殖民档案;刚果(金)圭卢地区复本第1号关于刚果民主共和国殖民时期的协议，第2号，第1部分，根据协议，来源和代表，殖民政权。这个练习曲,相反地,多恩拉假释辅助Congolais contemporains du政权殖民,par le biais d 'interviews effectuees在村庄des secteurs de由于et de Kwilu在Territoire de Bulungu et les secteurs Bindungi du Territoire Masi-Manimba,在区Kwilu de la省杜班顿杜。Des documents d'archives编辑完整的档案。“臣民”是指:“殖民管理的结构”、“行政管理的活动”和“村庄”、“反抗的反应”和“政府镇压的活动”。政府部门、政府部门:进口部门、农业部门、运输部门、道路部门、农村部门、村庄部门、文化活动部门、性剥削部门、医疗部门和军事服务部门。“现实的途径”是一种“对现实的感知”，而不是“对殖民政权的感知”。Mots cles:政权殖民，刚果，刚果民主共和国，口述资料，殖民档案，kwu年鉴，2005年第26卷，第165-217页
{"title":"Les Kwilois parlent de l'époque coloniale","authors":"R. Smith","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V26I1.5618","url":null,"abstract":"Much of what is known of the colonial period of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is based upon sources written by members the colonial regime. This article emphasizes the voice of the Congolese who lived through that period, as shared in interviews carried out by the author in the villages of Due and Kwilu Sectors of Bulungu Territory, and Bindungi Sector of Masi-Manimba Territory, all in the Kwilu District of Bandundu Province. Relevant materials from unpublished archives in Congo complement those voices. The topics covered are the structure of the colonial administration, the activities of that administration in the villages, the reactions and resistance of the people to those activities, and the repression by the government of that resistance. Among the impositions of the government were tax payment, agricultural production, porterage, road and railroad construction, the relocation of villages, the control of cultural activities, sexual exploitation, medical programs, and military duty. The emphasis throughout is on the realities of living under a colonial regime from the perspective of those undergoing the colonial experience. Keywords : colonial rule, Belgian Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, oral sources, colonial archives; Congolese Kwilu District Resume Nos connaissances sur la periode coloniale en Republique Democratique du Congo, sont, pour une bonne part, basees sur des sources ecrites par les representants du regime colonial. Cette etude, par contre, donne la parole aux Congolais contemporains du regime colonial, par le biais d'interviews effectuees dans les villages des secteurs de Due et de Kwilu dans le Territoire de Bulungu, et les secteurs Bindungi du Territoire Masi-Manimba, dans le District Kwilu de la Province du Bandundu. Des documents d'archives inedits completent ces temoignages. Les sujets abordes sont: la structure de l'administration coloniale, les activites de cette administration dans les villages, les reactions et la resistance des gens a ces activites et sa repression par le gouvernement. Parmi les impositions du gouvernement, nous citons : le paiement de l'impot, les cultures agricoles obligatoires, le portage, l'entretien des routes, les constructions ferroviaires, les deplacements de villages, le controle des activites culturelles, l'exploitation sexuelle, les programmes medicaux et le service militaire. L'approche de ces realites sera toujours la perception de ceux qui ont subi le regime colonial. Mots cles : Regime colonial, Congo belge, Republique Democratique du Congo, sources orales, archives coloniales, Kwilu Annales Aequatoria Vol. 26, 2005: 165-217","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121641749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume Les Bankucu (Ankfucu) habitent la partie orientale du territoire de Kole. Ce territoire est situe dans la Province du Kasai Oriental. Nos recherches sur la langue nkucu ont ete effectuees a Iwaji, un village appartenant au groupe Luculu. Les villages de ce groupe sont situee pres de la route de Bena Dibele a Kole. La presente etude contient un texte et un lexique. Le texte est la transcription d'un enregistrement sonore. Le lexique contient une serie de substantifs et de verbes. L'idiome lonkucu appartient a la zone C selon la Classification of the Bantu Languages de M. Guthrie. Cette zone contient 8 groupes d'idiomes. Les idiomes tetela, kusu et nkucu appartiennent a un meme groupe de cette zone. Mots-clefs: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, lexique, classes nominales, radicaux verbaux. Abstract The Bankucu (Ankfucu) live in the eastern part of the Territoire de Kole which is situated in the Kasai Oriental Province. Our investigations on the Lonkucu language took place at Iwaji, a village of the Luculu group. The villages of this group are situated near the road between Bena Dibele and Kole. The present study contains a text end a word list. The text is the transcription of a tape recording. The word list is composed of substantives end verbs. The Lonkucu idiom belongs to the zone C according to the Classification of the Bantu Languages by M. Guthrie. This zone is subdivided into 8 groups of idioms. Tetela, Kusu and Nkucu have been classified together in one of these groups. Key words: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, word list, nominal classes, verbal radicals. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) :303-316
{"title":"Lonkucu: texte et lexique (Iwaji, Kole, Kasai Oriental) R.D. du Congo","authors":"J. Jacobs, B. Omeonga","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5606","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Les Bankucu (Ankfucu) habitent la partie orientale du territoire de Kole. Ce territoire est situe dans la Province du Kasai Oriental. Nos recherches sur la langue nkucu ont ete effectuees a Iwaji, un village appartenant au groupe Luculu. Les villages de ce groupe sont situee pres de la route de Bena Dibele a Kole. La presente etude contient un texte et un lexique. Le texte est la transcription d'un enregistrement sonore. Le lexique contient une serie de substantifs et de verbes. L'idiome lonkucu appartient a la zone C selon la Classification of the Bantu Languages de M. Guthrie. Cette zone contient 8 groupes d'idiomes. Les idiomes tetela, kusu et nkucu appartiennent a un meme groupe de cette zone. Mots-clefs: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, lexique, classes nominales, radicaux verbaux. Abstract \u0000The Bankucu (Ankfucu) live in the eastern part of the Territoire de Kole which is situated in the Kasai Oriental Province. Our investigations on the Lonkucu language took place at Iwaji, a village of the Luculu group. The villages of this group are situated near the road between Bena Dibele and Kole. The present study contains a text end a word list. The text is the transcription of a tape recording. The word list is composed of substantives end verbs. The Lonkucu idiom belongs to the zone C according to the Classification of the Bantu Languages by M. Guthrie. This zone is subdivided into 8 groups of idioms. Tetela, Kusu and Nkucu have been classified together in one of these groups. Key words: Bantu, Nkucu, Iwaji, Luculu, Kole, Bena Dibele, Lukenye, word list, nominal classes, verbal radicals. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) :303-316","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130488853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume Le choix des noms chez les Ngam est generalement lie au contexte de la naissance d'un individu. Il peut rappeler les conditions de la naissance, un evenement particulier lie a celle-ci. Il peut aussi faire reference a la situation materielle de la famille, a ses rapports internes avec ses voisins. Parfois, il evoque un evenement plus ancien, toujours dans le cadre familial. Dans d'autres cas, le nom peut avoir une fonction apotropaique, en particulier si l'enfant meurt apres une serie de malheurs. Enfin, il peut etre lie a la condition attachee au sexe ou au statut de l'enfant (jumeaux, rejet d'une fille…). Les Ngam ont parfois recours a d'autres langues pour nommer leurs enfants. Les toponymes sont eux aussi crees en fonction de certains evenements lies a l'histoire du lieu. Mots-cles : Ngam, Chad, Republique Centrafricaine, onomastique. Abstract This article discusses proper names in Ngam, a language spoken in the southeast of Chad and in the northwest of the Central African Republic. Personal names are often chosen in connection with the context of the person's birth, invoking conditions or important events that occurred at the time of the birth. They sometimes also refer to the material situation of the family or to relationships within or outside the family. In other cases, the names invoke older events, also linked to the family. Some names have an apotropaic function, particularly if the child dies after a series of hardships. In other names, the sex or the status (twins, rejection of a girl, etc.) is involved in the name-giving. Also, the Ngam at times draw inspiration from other languages for personal names. This paper finally also discusses toponyms, which are also often connected to major events that occurred at the location. Keywords: Ngam, Chad, Central African Republic, onomastics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 433-450
在Ngam中，名字的选择通常与个人出生的背景有关。它可以回忆出生的情况，一个与之相关的特殊事件。它也可以指家庭的物质状况，它与邻居的内部关系。有时它会让人想起更古老的事件，总是在家庭背景下。在其他情况下，这个名字可能具有辟谣的功能，特别是当孩子在一系列不幸之后去世时。最后，它可能与孩子的性别或地位(双胞胎、拒绝女孩……)有关。Ngam有时会使用其他语言来命名他们的孩子。地名也是根据与该地区历史有关的某些事件而创建的。关键词:Ngam，乍得，中非共和国，专名。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇的土地面积为，其中土地面积为。个人姓名的选择往往与出生时的情况有关，援引出生时发生的条件或重要事件。They also推荐一看to the material of the family or to人际关系状况within the family风味的黄金。在其他情况下，名字也与家庭有关。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的土地面积为。在其他名字中，性别或地位(双胞胎、拒绝一个女孩等)都涉及到名字的授予。此外，Ngam at times从其他语言中获得了个人名字的灵感。This paper enfin also discusses toponyms, which are also,电子以to major events that这道菜at the出租。关键词:Ngam，乍得，中非共和国，专名学。《赤道年鉴》25(2004):443 -450
{"title":"Les noms propres en Ngam. Parler sara du Tchad-République Centrafricaine","authors":"Madeleine Somte","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5610","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Le choix des noms chez les Ngam est generalement lie au contexte de la naissance d'un individu. Il peut rappeler les conditions de la naissance, un evenement particulier lie a celle-ci. Il peut aussi faire reference a la situation materielle de la famille, a ses rapports internes avec ses voisins. Parfois, il evoque un evenement plus ancien, toujours dans le cadre familial. \u0000Dans d'autres cas, le nom peut avoir une fonction apotropaique, en particulier si l'enfant meurt apres une serie de malheurs. Enfin, il peut etre lie a la condition attachee au sexe ou au statut de l'enfant (jumeaux, rejet d'une fille…). Les Ngam ont parfois recours a d'autres langues pour nommer leurs enfants. Les toponymes sont eux aussi crees en fonction de certains evenements lies a l'histoire du lieu. Mots-cles : Ngam, Chad, Republique Centrafricaine, onomastique. Abstract \u0000This article discusses proper names in Ngam, a language spoken in the southeast of Chad and in the northwest of the Central African Republic. Personal names are often chosen in connection with the context of the person's birth, invoking conditions or important events that occurred at the time of the birth. They sometimes also refer to the material situation of the family or to relationships within or outside the family. In other cases, the names invoke older events, also linked to the family. Some names have an apotropaic function, particularly if the child dies after a series of hardships. In other names, the sex or the status (twins, rejection of a girl, etc.) is involved in the name-giving. Also, the Ngam at times draw inspiration from other languages for personal names. This paper finally also discusses toponyms, which are also often connected to major events that occurred at the location. Keywords: Ngam, Chad, Central African Republic, onomastics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 433-450","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125898222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume: Cette contribution presente une edition du manuscrit original de l'article de Joseph Tanghe de 1930, 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. L'edition de ce manuscrit est precedee d'une biographie comprehensive de Joseph Tanghe, africaniste de l'epoque coloniale autrement mal connu; sa bibliographie complete suit in fine. Le role qu'a joue le Ministre des Colonies Louis Franck dans la carriere et les ecrits de Tanghe est expose, ainsi que l'ingerence du ministre dans les matieres linguistiques au Congo Belge. Egalement abordes sont les debats sur 'la question linguistique', que Tanghe 'ressuscita' en 1944. Mots-cles: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, lingala, mabale, SOAS, Commission de Linguistique Africaine. Abstract: In this contribution, I present a full-text edition of the original manuscript of Joseph Tanghe's 1930 article 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. An exhaustive bibliography of Tanghe's oeuvre is offered, as well as a comprehensive biography of this otherwise ill-known Belgian africanist of the colonial era. In this context, the influence the Minister of Colonies Louis Franck exerted on Tanghe's career and publications is discussed, as well as this minister's involvement in language matters in the Belgian Congo. Attention is also drawn to the debates around 'the linguistic question' in the Belgian Congo. In 1944, Tanghe provided these debates with a new impetus. Keywords: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, Lingala, Mabale, SOAS, Commission of African Linguistics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 399-431
摘要:本文提供了Joseph Tanghe在1930年发表的文章《林加拉，河的语言》的原始手稿版本。在这本手稿的版本之前，有一本约瑟夫·坦赫(Joseph Tanghe)的综合传记，他是殖民时期的非洲主义者，否则就不为人知;完整的参考书目如下。殖民地部长路易斯·弗兰克在唐赫的职业生涯和著作中所扮演的角色，以及部长对比属刚果语言事务的干涉。还有关于“语言问题”的辩论，唐河在1944年“复活”了这个问题。Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, lingala, mabale, SOAS，非洲语言委员会。摘要:在这篇文章中，我提出了Joseph Tanghe 1930年文章“林加拉，河的语言”的原始手稿的全文。提供了唐赫作品的完整参考书目，以及这位殖民时代不知名的比利时非洲主义者的综合传记。在此背景下，讨论了殖民地部长路易斯·弗兰克对唐赫的职业生涯和出版物的影响，以及该部长对比利时-刚果语言事务的参与。人们也注意到比利时刚果围绕“语言问题”的辩论。1944年，唐河为这些辩论提供了新的动力。关键词:Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, Lingala, Mabale, SOAS，非洲语言学委员会。谱写AEquatoria 25人(2004年):399-431
{"title":"Joseph Tanghe et le lingala","authors":"M. Meeuwis","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5609","url":null,"abstract":"Resume: \u0000Cette contribution presente une edition du manuscrit original de l'article de Joseph Tanghe de 1930, 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. L'edition de ce manuscrit est precedee d'une biographie comprehensive de Joseph Tanghe, africaniste de l'epoque coloniale autrement mal connu; sa bibliographie complete suit in fine. Le role qu'a joue le Ministre des Colonies Louis Franck dans la carriere et les ecrits de Tanghe est expose, ainsi que l'ingerence du ministre dans les matieres linguistiques au Congo Belge. Egalement abordes sont les debats sur 'la question linguistique', que Tanghe 'ressuscita' en 1944. Mots-cles: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, lingala, mabale, SOAS, Commission de Linguistique Africaine. Abstract: \u0000In this contribution, I present a full-text edition of the original manuscript of Joseph Tanghe's 1930 article 'Le lingala, la langue du fleuve'. An exhaustive bibliography of Tanghe's oeuvre is offered, as well as a comprehensive biography of this otherwise ill-known Belgian africanist of the colonial era. In this context, the influence the Minister of Colonies Louis Franck exerted on Tanghe's career and publications is discussed, as well as this minister's involvement in language matters in the Belgian Congo. Attention is also drawn to the debates around 'the linguistic question' in the Belgian Congo. In 1944, Tanghe provided these debates with a new impetus. Keywords: Joseph Tanghe, Louis Franck, Lingala, Mabale, SOAS, Commission of African Linguistics. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 399-431","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127288408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume Sur la base de depouillement des archives de la Ville de Mbandaka en RDC, complete par des interviews des acteurs historiques, l'auteur fait un recensement precis et date, des differents responsables politiques de la ville (maires et commissaires urbains), et leurs adjoints depuis la periode coloniale jusqu'a nos jours. De 1958 a 2004, il a denombre 67 autorites municipales, dont 24 Titulaires et 43 Assistants (dont deux femmes). Mots-cles : Mbandaka. Abstract On the basis of the exploration of the archives of the City of Mbandaka in DRC, as well as interviews with the historical key figures, the author provides a precise chronological overview of the responsible politicians and their deputies leading the city between 1958 and 2004. In that period, he counted 67 municipal authorities, of which 24 Incumbent and 43 Assistants (among who two women). Keyword: Mbandaka. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 505-509
{"title":"Les autorités municipales de Mbandaka (R.D. C) 1958-2004","authors":"Michel Mokala Lembi","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5613","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Sur la base de depouillement des archives de la Ville de Mbandaka en RDC, complete par des interviews des acteurs historiques, l'auteur fait un recensement precis et date, des differents responsables politiques de la ville (maires et commissaires urbains), et leurs adjoints depuis la periode coloniale jusqu'a nos jours. De 1958 a 2004, il a denombre 67 autorites municipales, dont 24 Titulaires et 43 Assistants (dont deux femmes). Mots-cles : Mbandaka. Abstract On the basis of the exploration of the archives of the City of Mbandaka in DRC, as well as interviews with the historical key figures, the author provides a precise chronological overview of the responsible politicians and their deputies leading the city between 1958 and 2004. In that period, he counted 67 municipal authorities, of which 24 Incumbent and 43 Assistants (among who two women). Keyword: Mbandaka. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 505-509","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115317012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume Dans une note sur l'œuvre poetique de Jean-Robert Bofuky, j'avais signale sa dependance directe du poete belge Jules Minne. Recemment, quatre lettres de Bofuky datees entre 1959 et 1963, adressees a M. Andre Louwagie, Commissaire principal de la Surete a Bukavu, ont ete ajoutees au dossier. Nous trouvons dans ces textes la confirmation de l'hypothese d'une dependance litteraire de Bofuky vis-a-vis Jules Minne, qu'il doit avoir connu pendant son sejour au Kivu. Ces memes lettres peuvent nous eclairer sur son role dans la fondation du Parti Traditionaliste en 1959 et sur la campagne anticommuniste, en relation avec d'anciens responsables de la Surete coloniale, pendant les annees suivant l'Independance. Mots-cles : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Parti Traditionaliste, communisme, Congo, Surete coloniale. Abstract In a note on the Congolese poete Jean-Robert Bofuky, I signalled his direct dependence on the Belgian poet Jules Minne. Recently, four Bofuky letters, written between 1959 and 1963, addressed to M. Andre Louwagie, main Commissioner of the Colonial Secret Service in Bukavu, have been added to the dossier. These texts provide confirmation of the hypothesis of Bofuky's dependence vis-a-vis Jules Minne, whom he must have met during his stay in Kivu. These same letters can also explain his role in the foundation of the Traditionalist Party in 1959 as well as his role in forms of anticommunist propaganda which he carried out in the years following the independence in close collaboration with people who had previously worked for the Colonial Intelligence. Keywords : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Traditionalist Party, Congo, communism, colonial Intelligence. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 493-504
在对Jean-Robert Bofuky诗歌作品的评论中，j'avais指出他直接依赖于比利时诗人Jules Minne。最近，Bofuky在1959年至1963年间写给布卡武安全部队首席专员Andre Louwagie先生的四封信被添加到档案中。在这些文本中，我们发现Bofuky在文学上依赖Jules Minne的假设得到了证实，他一定是在基伍逗留期间认识的。这些同样的信件可以让我们了解他在1959年建立传统主义党的过程中所扮演的角色，以及在独立后的几年里，他与前殖民地安全官员的反共运动。关键词:Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie，传统主义党，共产主义，刚果，殖民保障。文摘In a注on the Congolese诗人罗伯特·Bofuky、儿子的第一夫人或直接依赖on the比利时诗人Minne朱尔斯。最近，已将1959年至1963年期间写给布卡武殖民特勤局首席专员安德烈·卢瓦吉先生的四封信列入档案。这些文本证实了bofuky对Jules Minne的依赖假设，他在基伍的住宿。These萨米快报can also解释一下儿子的角色in the foundation of the 1959 Traditionalist Party in as well as his in forms of anticommunist宣传作用which he carried out in the years in close the independence作证with people who had 10协作共事了for the Intelligence殖民。关键词:Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie，传统主义党，刚果，共产主义，殖民情报。谱写AEquatoria 25人(2004年):493-504
{"title":"J.-R. Bofuky et Jules Minne. Lettres inédites","authors":"H. Vinck","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5612","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000Dans une note sur l'œuvre poetique de Jean-Robert Bofuky, j'avais signale sa dependance directe du poete belge Jules Minne. Recemment, quatre lettres de Bofuky datees entre 1959 et 1963, adressees a M. Andre Louwagie, Commissaire principal de la Surete a Bukavu, ont ete ajoutees au dossier. Nous trouvons dans ces textes la confirmation de l'hypothese d'une dependance litteraire de Bofuky vis-a-vis Jules Minne, qu'il doit avoir connu pendant son sejour au Kivu. Ces memes lettres peuvent nous eclairer sur son role dans la fondation du Parti Traditionaliste en 1959 et sur la campagne anticommuniste, en relation avec d'anciens responsables de la Surete coloniale, pendant les annees suivant l'Independance. Mots-cles : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Parti Traditionaliste, communisme, Congo, Surete coloniale. Abstract \u0000In a note on the Congolese poete Jean-Robert Bofuky, I signalled his direct dependence on the Belgian poet Jules Minne. Recently, four Bofuky letters, written between 1959 and 1963, addressed to M. Andre Louwagie, main Commissioner of the Colonial Secret Service in Bukavu, have been added to the dossier. These texts provide confirmation of the hypothesis of Bofuky's dependence vis-a-vis Jules Minne, whom he must have met during his stay in Kivu. These same letters can also explain his role in the foundation of the Traditionalist Party in 1959 as well as his role in forms of anticommunist propaganda which he carried out in the years following the independence in close collaboration with people who had previously worked for the Colonial Intelligence. Keywords : Bofuky, Minne, Louwagie, Traditionalist Party, Congo, communism, colonial Intelligence. Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 493-504","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121395417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume En 1944, l'administration coloniale sollicite l'aide des missionnaires catholiques pour assurer l'enseignement aux enfants des kimbanguistes relegues dans la region d'Oshwe. Elles accedent a cette demande et tentent a son tour, de convaincre les autorites coloniales de la responsabilite des mouvements politico–religieux, manipules selon elles par les missions protestantes, dans les emeutes qui se sont produites a Matadi en novembre 1945. Jusqu'alors, l'etat colonial et les missions catholiques portent presque le meme regard sur ces sectes. Mais au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, le gouvernement colonial va organiser ses propres enquetes sur les sectes religieuses et developpera une politique moins influencee par l'Eglise catholique. A partir de 1953-1954, les enfants de Simon Kimbangu, entoure d'un groupe de jeunes gens instruits et dynamiques, vont reformer, reorganiser et ainsi moderniser le mouvement. Ils parviennent a gagner partiellement la confiance des autorites coloniales qui finalement vont reconnaitre le kimbanguisme en 1959 malgre les contacts entre ce mouvement religieux Kongo et le mouvement nationaliste ABAKO. Mots-cles: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Missions catholiques Abstract In 1944, the colonial administration approached the Scheutist Fathers with a request to organise the teaching of the children of Kimbanguists banished to the region of Oshwe. These Catholic missionaries reacted favourably to this request. In November and December 1945, the Redemptorists tried to convince the colonial authorities that the “Ngunzist” and “Kimbanguist” movements were involved in the strikes and workers' revolt that had taken place in Matadi. They added that these movements were manipulated by the Protestant missions. Until then, the colonial state and the Catholic missions had shared the same perception of all these religious movements. But after World War II, the colonial government began to organize its own lines of research into these sects and it consequently developed a policy towards them which was less influenced by the Catholic Church than before. From the years 1953-1954, the sons of Simon Kimbangu, together with a group of young, dynamic, well-educated and ambitious men, went to great pains to modernize the Kimbanguist movement. For a certain period, the colonial authorities feared that the religious Kimbanguist movement and the political ABAKO movement would join forces and, as such, provide Kongo nationalism with a major impetus. Eventually, in December 1959 to be precise, the Kimbanguist Church was officially recognized. Keywords: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Catholic Missions Annales AEquatoria 25(2004)95-149
1944年，殖民当局请求天主教传教士的帮助，为奥什韦地区被奴役的金班古教徒的孩子提供教育。他们同意了这一要求，并试图说服殖民当局，在1945年11月发生在马塔迪的骚乱中，他们认为是由新教传教士操纵的政治和宗教运动的责任。在那之前，殖民国家和天主教传教会对这些教派的看法几乎是一样的。但在第二次世界大战后，殖民政府组织了自己对宗教派别的调查，并制定了一项受天主教会影响较小的政策。从1953年到1954年，西蒙·金班古(Simon Kimbangu)的孩子们在一群受过教育、充满活力的年轻人的包围下，改革、重组并使运动现代化。他们设法在一定程度上赢得了殖民当局的信任，殖民当局最终在1959年承认了金班古主义，尽管刚果宗教运动和民族主义运动ABAKO之间有联系。ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, mission catholiques Abstract 1944年，殖民政府向Scheutist Fathers提出请求，要求组织被驱逐到Oshwe地区的Kimbanguists的孩子的教学。这些天主教传教士很乐意回答这个问题。1945年11月和12月，救赎主义者试图说服殖民当局，“恩贡齐斯特”和“金班古斯特”运动参与了马塔迪发生的罢工和工人起义。他们补充说，这些运动是由新教传教士组织的。在此之前，殖民国家和天主教传教会对所有这些宗教运动都有相同的看法。但在第二次世界大战之后，殖民政府开始组织自己对这些教派的研究，并因此制定了一项针对这些教派的政策，而天主教会的影响不如以前。从1953年到1954年，西蒙·金班古的儿子们与一群年轻、有活力、受过良好教育、雄心勃勃的人一起，在使金班古运动现代化方面取得了巨大的成就。在一段时间内，殖民当局担心宗教金邦古运动和政治阿巴科运动会联合起来，从而为刚果民族主义提供更大的动力。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查局的数据，该镇总面积为，其中土地和(1.)水。关键词:ABAKO, kimbanguism, Simon Kimbangu, Catholic mission Annales AEquatoria 25(2004)95-149
{"title":"L'État colonial et les missions catholiques face au mouvement kimbanguiste à la veille de l'indépendance du Congo belge. 1944-1960","authors":"M. Z. Etambala","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5579","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000En 1944, l'administration coloniale sollicite l'aide des missionnaires catholiques pour assurer l'enseignement aux enfants des kimbanguistes relegues dans la region d'Oshwe. Elles accedent a cette demande et tentent a son tour, de convaincre les autorites coloniales de la responsabilite des mouvements politico–religieux, manipules selon elles par les missions protestantes, dans les emeutes qui se sont produites a Matadi en novembre 1945. Jusqu'alors, l'etat colonial et les missions catholiques portent presque le meme regard sur ces sectes. Mais au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, le gouvernement colonial va organiser ses propres enquetes sur les sectes religieuses et developpera une politique moins influencee par l'Eglise catholique. A partir de 1953-1954, les enfants de Simon Kimbangu, entoure d'un groupe de jeunes gens instruits et dynamiques, vont reformer, reorganiser et ainsi moderniser le mouvement. Ils parviennent a gagner partiellement la confiance des autorites coloniales qui finalement vont reconnaitre le kimbanguisme en 1959 malgre les contacts entre ce mouvement religieux Kongo et le mouvement nationaliste ABAKO. Mots-cles: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Missions catholiques Abstract \u0000In 1944, the colonial administration approached the Scheutist Fathers with a request to organise the teaching of the children of Kimbanguists banished to the region of Oshwe. These Catholic missionaries reacted favourably to this request. In November and December 1945, the Redemptorists tried to convince the colonial authorities that the “Ngunzist” and “Kimbanguist” movements were involved in the strikes and workers' revolt that had taken place in Matadi. They added that these movements were manipulated by the Protestant missions. Until then, the colonial state and the Catholic missions had shared the same perception of all these religious movements. But after World War II, the colonial government began to organize its own lines of research into these sects and it consequently developed a policy towards them which was less influenced by the Catholic Church than before. From the years 1953-1954, the sons of Simon Kimbangu, together with a group of young, dynamic, well-educated and ambitious men, went to great pains to modernize the Kimbanguist movement. For a certain period, the colonial authorities feared that the religious Kimbanguist movement and the political ABAKO movement would join forces and, as such, provide Kongo nationalism with a major impetus. Eventually, in December 1959 to be precise, the Kimbanguist Church was officially recognized. Keywords: ABAKO, Kimbanguisme, Simon Kimbangu, Catholic Missions \u0000Annales AEquatoria 25(2004)95-149","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131944423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resume L'etude se propose, en attendant une nouvelle descente sur le terrain, de fournir une synthese grammaticale sur la langue des Bapoto, classee C.36a par Guthrie (1970), en se fondant presque exclusivement sur deux textes contenus dans l'ouvrage pratique et comparatif de Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages. Le but est de pourvoir un cadre qui puisse servir a une exploitation rationnelle des relations linguistiques qui existeraient entre divers parlers poto geographiquement eloignes les uns des autres d'une part et les langues de la region de Mankanza (Nouvel Anvers) auxquelles linguistes et historiens les ont rattaches jusqu'ici d'autre part. Mots cles : Bantou, Riverains, Bangala, Poto, Lusengo/ losengo Abstract Pending further fieldwork, this study aims at offering a grammatical overview of the language spoken by the Bapoto. Drawing almost exclusively on two texts offered by Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages, Guthrie (1970) classified this Bantu language as C.36a. The objective is to arrive at a framework allowing to grasp the linguistic affiliation between on the one hand different, geographically dispersed variants of Poto and, on the other, the languages of the Mankanza (Nouvelle Anvers) area, to which linguists and historians have attached those Poto, variants until now. Keywords: Bantu, Riverine languages, Poto, Bangala, losengo Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 203-271
{"title":"Notes grammaticales et textes Poto sur la base de Stapleton (1903)","authors":"M. Mangulu","doi":"10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AQ.V25I1.5592","url":null,"abstract":"Resume \u0000L'etude se propose, en attendant une nouvelle descente sur le terrain, de fournir une synthese grammaticale sur la langue des Bapoto, classee C.36a par Guthrie (1970), en se fondant presque exclusivement sur deux textes contenus dans l'ouvrage pratique et comparatif de Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages. Le but est de pourvoir un cadre qui puisse servir a une exploitation rationnelle des relations linguistiques qui existeraient entre divers parlers poto geographiquement eloignes les uns des autres d'une part et les langues de la region de Mankanza (Nouvel Anvers) auxquelles linguistes et historiens les ont rattaches jusqu'ici d'autre part. Mots cles : Bantou, Riverains, Bangala, Poto, Lusengo/ losengo Abstract \u0000Pending further fieldwork, this study aims at offering a grammatical overview of the language spoken by the Bapoto. Drawing almost exclusively on two texts offered by Stapleton (1903), Handbook of Congo Languages, Guthrie (1970) classified this Bantu language as C.36a. The objective is to arrive at a framework allowing to grasp the linguistic affiliation between on the one hand different, geographically dispersed variants of Poto and, on the other, the languages of the Mankanza (Nouvelle Anvers) area, to which linguists and historians have attached those Poto, variants until now. Keywords: Bantu, Riverine languages, Poto, Bangala, losengo Annales AEquatoria 25(2004) : 203-271","PeriodicalId":379883,"journal":{"name":"Annales Aequatoria","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125569577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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