Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1561006
G. Fairclough
originally crown officers but from 1877 have been responsible for the interests of commoners. Governance of the Forest is still complicated with the most modern layer of management being the National Park, now the statutory local planning authority, which overlaps with various local authorities. The National Park also has to interact with the Forestry Commission and the Verderers. Despite the potential for conflict, Hadrian Cook sees the National Park as being beneficial because of the need to manage the New Forest holistically. He is mindful of political threats to the forest, citing Government proposals to privatise Forestry Commission land in 2011. Other threats to the Forest’s ecology and historic landscape arise from visitor numbers, pressures on traditional management, inflated prices for local housing and land and harmful development. It remains a challenge to conserve what Hadrian Cook calls a ‘largely open access national treasure’.
{"title":"Assembling Enclosure: Transformations in the rural landscape of post-medieval north-east England","authors":"G. Fairclough","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1561006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561006","url":null,"abstract":"originally crown officers but from 1877 have been responsible for the interests of commoners. Governance of the Forest is still complicated with the most modern layer of management being the National Park, now the statutory local planning authority, which overlaps with various local authorities. The National Park also has to interact with the Forestry Commission and the Verderers. Despite the potential for conflict, Hadrian Cook sees the National Park as being beneficial because of the need to manage the New Forest holistically. He is mindful of political threats to the forest, citing Government proposals to privatise Forestry Commission land in 2011. Other threats to the Forest’s ecology and historic landscape arise from visitor numbers, pressures on traditional management, inflated prices for local housing and land and harmful development. It remains a challenge to conserve what Hadrian Cook calls a ‘largely open access national treasure’.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45487410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1561007
J. Gerrard
{"title":"Kingdom, Civitas and County: the evolution of territorial identity in the English landscape","authors":"J. Gerrard","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1561007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1561007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49459991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2019.1619351
P. Everson, D. Stocker
ABSTRACT This paper outlines one component of a multi-disciplinary AHRC project ‘The Sacred Landscapes of Medieval Monasticism’, running between 2019 and 2022 but rooted in existing long-term studies in Ceredigion (Wales) and Lincolnshire (England). It encapsulates several strands of landscape analysis undertaken over many years which form a basis for the Lincolnshire contribution to the AHRC project. After a superficial characterisation of ‘forest’ land in the English Midlands, particular attention is paid to the landscape context of certain religious houses, exploring their connections with the social performance and ritual of hunting. General conclusions about the character of monasteries in ‘forest’ land are used to review the monastic landscape of the Lincolnshire limewoods, a ‘forest’ area in the middle Witham valley. It is suggested that during the high middle ages a concentration of monasteries exploited the pre-existing rituality of a forest and chase landscape in order to establish their sacred authority in local contemporary perceptions. The paper thus identifies the part played by sacred significance in the landscape setting in establishing monastic identity, considerations often crowded-out of monastic studies by economic analyses, but which generate an alternative academic agenda for the subject to be addressed through the forthcoming project.
{"title":"Saucepans and Saints? The Sacred and the Mundane in Forest Landscapes","authors":"P. Everson, D. Stocker","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2019.1619351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2019.1619351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper outlines one component of a multi-disciplinary AHRC project ‘The Sacred Landscapes of Medieval Monasticism’, running between 2019 and 2022 but rooted in existing long-term studies in Ceredigion (Wales) and Lincolnshire (England). It encapsulates several strands of landscape analysis undertaken over many years which form a basis for the Lincolnshire contribution to the AHRC project. After a superficial characterisation of ‘forest’ land in the English Midlands, particular attention is paid to the landscape context of certain religious houses, exploring their connections with the social performance and ritual of hunting. General conclusions about the character of monasteries in ‘forest’ land are used to review the monastic landscape of the Lincolnshire limewoods, a ‘forest’ area in the middle Witham valley. It is suggested that during the high middle ages a concentration of monasteries exploited the pre-existing rituality of a forest and chase landscape in order to establish their sacred authority in local contemporary perceptions. The paper thus identifies the part played by sacred significance in the landscape setting in establishing monastic identity, considerations often crowded-out of monastic studies by economic analyses, but which generate an alternative academic agenda for the subject to be addressed through the forthcoming project.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"25 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2019.1619351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46807391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1429718
T. O’Keeffe
Ireland was invaded by Anglo-Normans (hereafter ‘English’) in 1169. Conquest and colonisation proceeded quickly in eastern Ireland, but the invaders struggled for decades to annexe Connacht, Ireland’s western province. Despite this, they managed to forge a central role for themselves in the region’s politics, exploiting rivalries whenever there was both opportunity and potential gain, and even helping in the construction of native castles. From 1227 the province’s ancient territorial units were reimagined as cantreds under the lordship of Richard de Burgh, but Henry III retained five cantreds for himself. These five contiguous territories, collectively known as the king’s cantreds, were located mainly in what is now County Roscommon (Figure 1). Although the history of the five cantreds is fairly well known and their importance well established, they have not been the subject of a book until now. That fact alone makes Thomas Finan’s new book worthy of attention. The story of these cantreds features kings of both the Angevin and Gaelic-Irish lineages, so this book will be of interest to all specialists in the history of these two islands and of the relations between their rival kings during the thirteenth century. Its title will also attract the attention of scholars who are interested in political and cultural interactions around the fringes – the frontiers – of the territories controlled by Henry III and Edward I. And, as the inaugural volume in a new series of monographs on north Atlantic environmental history, scholars who are generally interested in environmental change through time, not to mention landscape change, will also be keen to inspect it.
{"title":"Frontiers of the Archaeological Imagination: Rethinking Landscape and Identity in Thirteenth-century Roscommon, Ireland","authors":"T. O’Keeffe","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429718","url":null,"abstract":"Ireland was invaded by Anglo-Normans (hereafter ‘English’) in 1169. Conquest and colonisation proceeded quickly in eastern Ireland, but the invaders struggled for decades to annexe Connacht, Ireland’s western province. Despite this, they managed to forge a central role for themselves in the region’s politics, exploiting rivalries whenever there was both opportunity and potential gain, and even helping in the construction of native castles. From 1227 the province’s ancient territorial units were reimagined as cantreds under the lordship of Richard de Burgh, but Henry III retained five cantreds for himself. These five contiguous territories, collectively known as the king’s cantreds, were located mainly in what is now County Roscommon (Figure 1). Although the history of the five cantreds is fairly well known and their importance well established, they have not been the subject of a book until now. That fact alone makes Thomas Finan’s new book worthy of attention. The story of these cantreds features kings of both the Angevin and Gaelic-Irish lineages, so this book will be of interest to all specialists in the history of these two islands and of the relations between their rival kings during the thirteenth century. Its title will also attract the attention of scholars who are interested in political and cultural interactions around the fringes – the frontiers – of the territories controlled by Henry III and Edward I. And, as the inaugural volume in a new series of monographs on north Atlantic environmental history, scholars who are generally interested in environmental change through time, not to mention landscape change, will also be keen to inspect it.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"19 1","pages":"66 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1429715
J. Gale
ABSTRACT The larger henge monuments of Wessex have been the focus of detailed archaeological investigation for over a century and consequently their study has provided a greater, albeit fragmentary, understanding of later Neolithic society. For the most part such studies have continued to show that these great mega-structures of the third millennium B.C. persist as beacons of ceremonial functionality into which later societies invested much of themselves, intellectually, spiritually and unquestionably physically. While Stonehenge, Avebury and Durrington Walls continue to attract a great deal of attention with ongoing research, comparable sites in Dorset have been less well researched. Two campaigns of archaeological investigation undertaken in the Allen Valley of east Dorset by the author have focussed upon the complex of earthworks at Knowlton and additionally at one of three broadly contemporary barrow cemeteries located nearby. The findings from these investigations are beginning to shed more light on the possible origins and development of these important but weakly understood landscapes. This paper outlines some of the main findings from these investigations and posits a chronological framework for the integration of a group of monuments that formed both a ceremonial landscape and a geographical and spiritual home for communities that lasted for a thousand years. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Knowlton Circles: A Later Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Ceremonial Complex and Its Environs—A Review","authors":"J. Gale","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429715","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The larger henge monuments of Wessex have been the focus of detailed archaeological investigation for over a century and consequently their study has provided a greater, albeit fragmentary, understanding of later Neolithic society. For the most part such studies have continued to show that these great mega-structures of the third millennium B.C. persist as beacons of ceremonial functionality into which later societies invested much of themselves, intellectually, spiritually and unquestionably physically. While Stonehenge, Avebury and Durrington Walls continue to attract a great deal of attention with ongoing research, comparable sites in Dorset have been less well researched. Two campaigns of archaeological investigation undertaken in the Allen Valley of east Dorset by the author have focussed upon the complex of earthworks at Knowlton and additionally at one of three broadly contemporary barrow cemeteries located nearby. The findings from these investigations are beginning to shed more light on the possible origins and development of these important but weakly understood landscapes. This paper outlines some of the main findings from these investigations and posits a chronological framework for the integration of a group of monuments that formed both a ceremonial landscape and a geographical and spiritual home for communities that lasted for a thousand years. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"102 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1429713
G. Fairclough
{"title":"Local Places, Global Processes: Histories of Environmental Change in Britain and Beyond","authors":"G. Fairclough","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"202 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1429719
David Roberts, J. Last, N. Linford, J. Bedford, B. Bishop, Judith Dobie, E. Dunbar, A. Forward, P. Linford, P. Marshall, S. Mays, A. Payne, R. Pelling, P. Reimer, Michael Russell, Sharon Soutar, Andrew Valdez-Tullett, J. Vallender, Fay Worley
ABSTRACT Recent survey, excavation and analysis in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (WHS) during 2015 and 2016 has revealed new details of landscape structuration and the deposition of the dead during the Middle Bronze Age. The research reported here demonstrates the existence of early fields or enclosures in the eastern part of the WHS, that was previously thought to be an area of little agricultural or domestic activity in the Bronze Age. These features were succeeded by a major ditch system in which two individuals were buried, an unusual way of dealing with the dead in the Middle Bronze Age. At the same time, the body of a perinatal infant was deposited in a palisade ditch in the western part of the WHS. The paper explores how these actions help elucidate a period of significant change in the landscape around Stonehenge, during which natural features, ancestral monuments and the recent dead were enmeshed in complex ways of bounding and dividing the landscape.
{"title":"The Early Field Systems of the Stonehenge Landscape","authors":"David Roberts, J. Last, N. Linford, J. Bedford, B. Bishop, Judith Dobie, E. Dunbar, A. Forward, P. Linford, P. Marshall, S. Mays, A. Payne, R. Pelling, P. Reimer, Michael Russell, Sharon Soutar, Andrew Valdez-Tullett, J. Vallender, Fay Worley","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429719","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent survey, excavation and analysis in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (WHS) during 2015 and 2016 has revealed new details of landscape structuration and the deposition of the dead during the Middle Bronze Age. The research reported here demonstrates the existence of early fields or enclosures in the eastern part of the WHS, that was previously thought to be an area of little agricultural or domestic activity in the Bronze Age. These features were succeeded by a major ditch system in which two individuals were buried, an unusual way of dealing with the dead in the Middle Bronze Age. At the same time, the body of a perinatal infant was deposited in a palisade ditch in the western part of the WHS. The paper explores how these actions help elucidate a period of significant change in the landscape around Stonehenge, during which natural features, ancestral monuments and the recent dead were enmeshed in complex ways of bounding and dividing the landscape.","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"120 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46402241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14662035.2018.1429711
N. Bannister
{"title":"Trees in England: Management and Disease since 1600","authors":"N. Bannister","doi":"10.1080/14662035.2018.1429711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38043,"journal":{"name":"Landscapes (United Kingdom)","volume":"18 1","pages":"201 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14662035.2018.1429711","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48765879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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