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A tulajdonnevek fordítása – funkcionális, névelméleti megközelítésben I. 专有名称的翻译——功能、名义理论方法I。
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2019.1
M. Slíz
The translation of proper names – a functional, onomastic theoretical approach I. Features of names as factors influencing translation The paper examines the questions surrounding the translation of proper nouns from an onomastic viewpoint blended with the results of translation studies, following a functional-communicational approach. Its goal is to create a model, which contains not only the applicable methods available to translators, but the (pragmatic and communicational) aspects and factors that could affect choosing between these. The novelty of the study is that it takes the meaning (denotation and connotation), the category (e.g. personal name) and sub-category (e.g. family name) of proper nouns into consideration, following the practices of prototype theory. Another innovative approach is the emphasise lain on the influence of composition on the translation of names. According to this, names consisting of several words should not be handled as single units, as earlier studies have consid-ered them, but following a two-step method: first holistically (e.g. the Eng. Flint Cliffs : Hung. Flint-sziklak, a place name), and then morphologically, while defining the categories of the name elements (e.g. Flint is a family name, cliffs is a common noun). This shows that translators are not completing a single operation but a combination of operations (transference in the case of the given name, and translation in the case of the common noun). Translations previously deemed ununderstandably heterogenous can thus be explained by applying this methodology.
专名翻译的功能、语义学理论视角一、影响翻译因素的名称特征本文从专名的语义学角度结合翻译研究成果,运用功能交际理论探讨专名翻译中存在的问题。其目标是创建一个模型,该模型不仅包含翻译人员可用的适用方法,还包含可能影响选择这些方法的(语用和交际)方面和因素。本研究的新颖之处在于,它遵循原型理论的实践,考虑了专有名词的意义(外延和内涵)、范畴(如人名)和子范畴(如姓氏)。另一个创新的方法是强调作文对人名翻译的影响。据此,由几个词组成的名字不应该像早期的研究那样被当作单个单位来处理,而应该遵循两步方法:首先从整体上(例如英文)。弗林特·克里夫斯:悬挂。Flint-sziklak,一个地名),然后在形态上,同时定义名称元素的类别(例如Flint是一个姓氏,cliffs是一个普通名词)。这表明,译者不是在完成单一的操作,而是在完成多种操作的组合(对于给定名称的情况是移情,对于普通名词的情况是翻译)。因此,以前被认为是不可理解的异质翻译可以用这种方法来解释。
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引用次数: 2
Magyar helynevek olasz térképeken és útleírásokban 意大利地图上的匈牙利地名和旅行描述
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2019.2
Barbara Domány
The appearance of the toponyms of the Carpathian Basin in Italian sources   The paper examines how the toponyms of the Carpathian Basin (mostly those of Hungary) appear in 20th- and 21st-century Italian sources, such as maps, atlases, travel guides and journey books. The author also discusses the translation strategies for proper names and shows how important historical events appear in naming practices. How the differences in the geographical features and the divergence of the administrative divisions of Hungary and Italy can create confusion in the translation of the toponyms is also shown. The author then presents how the fact that Hungary was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy influenced the practice of name giving in the period under discussion, and later. After examining 67 sources, the author prepared a dictionary containing 69 Hungarian toponyms and their Italian equivalents as used in the past and the present day.
本文考察了喀尔巴阡盆地的地名(主要是匈牙利的地名)如何出现在20世纪和21世纪的意大利资料中,如地图、地图集、旅游指南和旅行书籍。作者还讨论了专有名称的翻译策略,并展示了命名实践中重要的历史事件。匈牙利和意大利的地理特征和行政区划的差异如何在地名的翻译中造成混淆。然后,作者介绍了匈牙利是奥匈帝国的一部分这一事实如何影响了讨论期间以及之后的命名实践。在审查了67个来源之后,作者编写了一本词典,其中包括过去和现在使用的69个匈牙利语地名及其意大利语对应词。
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引用次数: 0
Látszólagos- és valóságosidő-vizsgálatok Pród helynevei körében Prod地名的明显和实时调查
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2019.6
Katalin E. Nagy
Apparent-time and real-time studies of place names in Prod This paper contains a socio-onomastic examination of the place names of Prod, a small town in Hajdu-Bihar county. The empirical research focuses on the applicability of the apparent-time and real-time studies to the sociology of place names. In a follow-up study (panel study), the author compared the place name knowledge of some residents of Prod in 2013 and in 2019. The panel study revealed that in the six and a half years between the two surveys, children’s and young people’s knowledge of names expanded greatly. In the middle of one’s life, the number of known names – which sometimes increases vastly, in many cases almost doubles – begins to stagnate, and after that only minimal reduction or expansion can be observed in the established toponymic knowledge. This general tendency may be influenced by changes in one’s knowledge of names resulting from unique living situations or life events.
本文对比哈尔邦Hajdu-Bihar县小镇Prod的地名进行了社会经济学考察。实证研究的重点是实时性和实时性研究在地名社会学中的适用性。在后续研究(小组研究)中,作者比较了2013年和2019年Prod部分居民的地名知识。小组研究显示,在两次调查之间的六年半时间里,儿童和年轻人对名字的了解大大增加了。人到中年,已知名字的数量——有时会大大增加,在许多情况下几乎翻倍——开始停滞不前,此后,在已建立的地名知识中只能观察到最小的减少或增加。这种普遍的倾向可能受到由于独特的生活环境或生活事件而导致的一个人对名字的认识变化的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Szent István Pécsváradi oklevelének Sorlogys helynevéről és ami körülötte lehetett Szent István在Pécsvárad的关于Sorlogys的地名和他周围可能发生的事情的证书
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2019.5
Melinda Szőke
The place name Sorlogys in St. Stephen’s Charter of Pecsvarad and its context The Benedictine Abbey of Pecsvarad was founded by St. Stephen. The authentic foundation charter of the abbey was presumably completed at the beginning of the 11th century, and it was followed by the authentic registering charter at the end of the century. The originals of these charters did not survive separately, only as parts of the fake charter of Pecsvarad. The fake charter of Pecsvarad was written around 1220, using the previously issued charters (e.g. the authentic foundation and registering charters) as sources. The fake charter was not preserved in its original form either, only in multiple transcriptions from the early 15th century. In this study, the author comments on the source value of the fake charter in place-name history, based on the name Sorlogys included in the charter. The author attempts to answer the question whether or not the denotation of the name form can be related to the date of the authentic charter, that is, to the 11th century. In the second part, the study analyses the connection between the place name Ζαλέση in the foundation charter of the nunnery in Veszpremvolgy and the name Sorlogys in the present charter.
佩斯瓦拉德圣斯蒂芬宪章中的地名Sorlogys及其背景佩斯瓦拉德本笃会修道院是由圣斯蒂芬创立的。修道院真正的建立宪章大概是在11世纪初完成的,随后是在世纪末真正的注册宪章。这些宪章的原件并没有单独保存下来,只是作为假的佩斯瓦拉德宪章的一部分。假的Pecsvarad宪章是在1220年左右写的,使用以前发布的宪章(例如真实的基金会和注册宪章)作为来源。这份假宪章也没有以其原始形式保存下来,只有15世纪初的多个抄本。本文以《假宪章》中所包含的地名索洛斯为例,评析《假宪章》在地名史上的来源价值。作者试图回答一个问题,即名称形式的外延是否可以与真正的宪章的日期有关,即11世纪。第二部分分析了《维兹普雷莫吉庵建院章程》中的地名Ζαλέση与现行章程中的地名Sorlogys之间的联系。
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引用次数: 2
A modern tudomány előtti és azon kívüli név- és szófejtések alkalmazott vonatkozásai 前现代和非现代命名和词汇的应用方面
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2019.3
Réka Imreh
Applied onomastic aspects of name interpretation before or outside modern science The paper reviews the word and name interpretations that existed before and after the emergence of historical-comparative linguistics and that could be found outside and in parallel with it, including classical and medieval etymologization, folk, and contemporary lay etymologies. The research aims to find generalizable features in the sources selected for the purpose of this study in the neglected research field. The first part of the paper explores the reasons for the development of such etymologies at any given time in history, and seeks to define their non-scientific functions in the past and present day. The second part examines the typical methods and directions of these word and name interpretations. The third part focuses on the impacts that etymologies of this category can have on everyday life, human thinking and certain areas of culture. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the potential, possibilities and usefulness of studying etymologies created before or outside modern science as a direction of applied onomastics and folk onomastics.
现代科学之前或之外名称解释的应用经济学方面本文回顾了历史比较语言学出现之前和之后存在的单词和名称解释,以及在历史比较语言学之外和与之平行的单词和名字解释,包括古典和中世纪的词源学、民间和当代的外来词源学。本研究旨在在被忽视的研究领域中,从为本研究目的选择的来源中找到可推广的特征。本文的第一部分探讨了这些词源在历史上任何特定时期发展的原因,并试图界定它们在过去和现在的非科学功能。第二部分考察了这些词语和名称解释的典型方法和方向。第三部分着重讨论了这一范畴的词源对日常生活、人类思维和某些文化领域的影响。本研究的目的是提请人们注意研究现代科学之前或外部创造的词源学作为应用拟声学和民间拟声学的一个方向的潜力、可能性和有用性。
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引用次数: 0
A latinizálás és hiánya a pécsváradi apátság alapítólevelében Pécsvárad修道院创始信中的拉丁化及其缺失
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2020.2
Melinda Szőke
The founding charter of Pécsvárad Abbey (+1015/+1158 [about 1220]/1323/1403/PR.) is a document that has only survived in a 15th-century copy of a 13th-century forgery. Thus, an analysis of toponym history and linguistic history must deal with several chronological planes when studying the document. The first section of this study examines Hungarian words (Duna ‘Danube’; the names of trees: e.g. tulfa ‘oak’, scylfa ‘elm’; geographic common nouns: e.g. aruc ‘ditch’, nogwt ‘main road’) that are used only in Latin in other documents or are characterised by mixed usages of Latin and Hungarian terms. These indicate a lack of Latinisation. The second section details the characteristics of five Latin name forms used in the document (Scena abbatis, Sirmia, Strigoniensis, Colocensis, Montis Ferrei), emphasising their chronological order. The small number of Latin names among all designations in the charter and the use of vulgar elements instead of Latin is presented as an imprint of 11th-century charter writing (from the time of Saint Stephen). Thus, the charter can provide significant insight into the beginnings of charter writing in Hungary.
Pécsvárad修道院的成立章程(+1015/+1158[约1220]/1323/1403/PR.)是一份仅存于13世纪伪造的15世纪副本中的文件。因此,在研究文献时,对地名史和语史的分析必须涉及几个时间层面。本研究的第一部分考察了匈牙利词(Duna '多瑙河;树木的名字:例如,郁金香的“橡树”,镰刀花的“榆树”;地理上的常见名词:如aruc“沟”,nogwt“主要道路”),这些名词在其他文献中只在拉丁语中使用,或者以拉丁语和匈牙利语术语的混合用法为特征。这表明缺乏拉丁化。第二部分详细介绍了文献中使用的五种拉丁名字形式的特点(Scena abbatis, Sirmia, Strigoniensis, Colocensis, Montis Ferrei),强调了它们的时间顺序。在宪章的所有名称中,少量的拉丁名字和使用粗俗的元素代替拉丁语,被认为是11世纪宪章写作的印记(从圣斯蒂芬时代开始)。因此,该宪章可以为匈牙利宪章写作的开端提供重要的见解。
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引用次数: 3
Asszonynévhasználat és asszonynév-változtatás a 20. század második felében 妻子的名字和妻子的名字在20年改变。本世纪下半叶
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2020.8
Tamás Farkas
The study examines changes in the use of marital names and their connections from a novel perspective based on new source material. Its broader subject matter is the changes in the use of official marital names in the second half of the 20th century, which brought about an expansion, and never before seen diversity in the name forms that could be chosen in marriage. (Considering an example of a husband called [examples given in Hungarian name order, with family names first] Hunyadi János and his wife Szilágyi Erzsébet, the wife could at first only be (i) Hunyadi Jánosné using the -né suffix, meaning ‘wife of’. From 1953 the wife could choose to be (ii) Hunyadi Jánosné Szilágyi Erzsébet or (iii) Szilágyi Erzsébet. 1974 brought even more choices with (iv) Hunyadiné Szilágyi Erzsébet or (v) Hunyadi Erzsébet. In 2004 the options (vi) Hunyadi-Szilágyi Erzsébet and (vii) Szilágyi-Hunyadi Erzsébet were added. Nevertheless, the study focuses not on the name forms chosen at the time of marriage but later changes that realised movement between the name forms available to women in a given period. The source material of the study is a selected subset of the request documents submitted to the responsible ministry. The study examines the change requests submitted by married women and those submitted by divorced or widowed women separately. The legal background of the phenomenon is explored, alongside the possible motivations for the changes based on written statements and factors that can be deduced from the processes. The proportion of changed and newly chosen name forms, temporal changes in these trends, and the social characteristics of those submitting requests are examined throughout the period that brought significant changes. The paper hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the use, change and connections of names used by women in the Modern Age with this study.
这项研究基于新的原始资料,从一个新颖的角度审视了夫妻姓氏使用的变化及其联系。它更广泛的主题是20世纪下半叶官方婚姻名称使用的变化,这带来了一种扩展,并且从未见过婚姻中可以选择的名称形式的多样性。(考虑一个丈夫的例子[以匈牙利名字顺序,姓氏在前的例子]Hunyadi János和他的妻子Szilágyi erzssambet,妻子一开始只能是(i) Hunyadi Jánosné,使用- n后缀,意思是“的妻子”。从1953年起,妻子可以选择(ii) Hunyadi Jánosné Szilágyi erzssambet或(iii) Szilágyi erzssambet。1974年有了更多的选择:(iv) hunyadin Szilágyi erzssambat或(v) Hunyadi erzssambat。2004年增加了(六)Hunyadi-Szilágyi erzs和(七)Szilágyi-Hunyadi erzs。然而,这项研究的重点并不是在结婚时选择的名字形式,而是在特定时期内女性可用的名字形式之间的变化。研究的原始材料是提交给主管部门的请求文件的选定子集。这项研究分别调查了已婚妇女和离婚或丧偶妇女提出的改变要求。探讨了这种现象的法律背景,以及基于书面声明和可以从过程中推断出的因素的变化的可能动机。更改和新选择的名称形式的比例,这些趋势的时间变化,以及提交请求的人的社会特征在整个带来重大变化的时期进行了检查。本文希望通过这项研究,有助于更好地理解影响现代女性姓名使用、变化和联系的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Márka és márkanév 商标和商品名称
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2020.15
L. Kovács
Although several million brand names exist worldwide, brand names remain an underresearched area of (applied) linguistics. The main goal of the dissertation is to show how linguistic research can contribute to a better understanding and the successful management of brand names. The dissertation is separated into two main parts. In the first part brand names are analysed through the lens of various linguistic subdisciplines emphasising how brand names can be the subject of linguistic research – e.g. whether or how to translate brand names, how foreign-language displayinfluences brand perception and how sound symbolic effects are connected to brand names. The second part of the book describes the cognitive position of brand names. In order to scrutinise their mental position associations to brand names were collected. The analysis of the data shows that brand names occupy a unique position in the mental lexicon. To emphasise the importance of brands as mental constructs, two new concepts are coined: cognitive brand representation and cognitive brand name representation. The linguistic endeavour undertaken in the book is supported by two chapters that place the findings into the context of brand research. An introductory chapter shows the marketing functions of brand names, while a closing chapter points out – based on the findings – how linguistic knowledge can help create brand names and how linguistics can help enhance the efficiency of brand management techniques.
虽然世界上有数百万个品牌名称,但品牌名称仍然是(应用)语言学研究不足的领域。本文的主要目标是展示语言研究如何有助于更好地理解和成功管理品牌名称。本文主要分为两个部分。在第一部分中,通过各种语言学子学科的镜头来分析品牌名称,强调品牌名称如何成为语言学研究的主题-例如是否或如何翻译品牌名称,外语展示如何影响品牌感知以及声音符号效果如何与品牌名称联系起来。本书的第二部分描述了品牌名称的认知地位。为了仔细检查他们对品牌名称的心理联想。数据分析表明,品牌名称在人们的心理词汇中占有独特的地位。为了强调品牌作为心理结构的重要性,创造了两个新概念:认知品牌表征和认知品牌名称表征。在书中进行的语言学努力是由两章,将调查结果纳入品牌研究的背景下支持。导论一章展示了品牌名称的营销功能,而结语一章则根据研究结果指出了语言知识如何帮助创建品牌名称,以及语言学如何帮助提高品牌管理技术的效率。
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引用次数: 1
Ha van Bicska Maxi, miért nincs Égjáró Lukács? 如果有一把刀马克西,为什么没有闪电卢克?
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2020.5
Péter Iván Horváth
The study offers a review of the strategies employed in the translation of charactonyms from literary works, comic books, and live-action, puppet, and cartoon movies written in foreign languages in Hungarian literary translations, subtitles, and dubbed texts. The approximately 300 names in the corpus are organised according to the categories set out by J. Soltész: signalling names (names with obscure etymologies) and word names (names with discernible origins). These can come into contact in four ways: (1) signalling name → signalling name, (2) signalling name → word name, (3) word name → signalling name, and (4) word name → word name. Based on the analysis of these types, translators perform about 20 different operations, from preserving names unaltered to the literal translation of names. Some of these methods can be classified into several groups. Thus, future research should compare the results with the typology outlined by Vermes, and research should be extended to translations with Hungarian as a source language.
该研究回顾了在匈牙利文学翻译、字幕和配音文本中翻译文学作品、漫画书、真人、木偶和用外语写的卡通电影中的汉字时所采用的策略。语料库中大约有300个名字是按照J. soltsamsz设定的类别来组织的:信号名称(词源不明的名称)和单词名称(起源可辨的名称)。它们可以通过以下四种方式接触:(1)信令名→信令名,(2)信令名→词名,(3)词名→信令名,(4)词名→词名。根据对这些类型的分析,翻译人员执行大约20种不同的操作,从保持名称不变到将名称直译。其中一些方法可以分为几类。因此,未来的研究应该将结果与Vermes概述的类型学进行比较,并将研究扩展到以匈牙利语为源语言的翻译。
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引用次数: 0
Álnevek bűvöletében 在假名的蛊惑下
Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29178/nevtert.2020.12
Anna Liza Pallagi
The examination of literary pseudonyms has not been in the focus of onomastic studies. Nevertheless, several websites deal with the question and aid the choice of a pseudonym. The study focuses on web applications that advertise themselves as pseudonym generators, several of which further refer to themselves as writer pseudonym generators. These programs aim to ease the creation of literary pseudonyms. However, their use is limited by several factors. The study aims to examine these generators and categorise them based on their usefulness by using names created earlier to examine these generators. As the applications are dominantly programmed according to unprofessional aspects, they provide unique insights for onomastic research.
文学笔名的研究一直不是名词学研究的重点。然而,一些网站处理这个问题,并帮助选择一个假名。这项研究的重点是那些标榜自己是假名生成器的web应用程序,其中一些应用程序进一步将自己称为作家假名生成器。这些项目的目的是为了方便创作文学作品中的假名。然而,它们的使用受到几个因素的限制。这项研究的目的是检查这些生成器,并通过使用之前创建的名称来检查这些生成器,根据它们的有用性对它们进行分类。由于应用程序主要是根据非专业方面编写的,因此它们为专有研究提供了独特的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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