Manufacturing Letters最新文献

英文中文

An engineering design process course for high school preservice teachers based on 3D printer component analysis 基于3D打印机部件分析的高中职前教师工程设计过程课程

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.014

Weihang Zhu , Mariam Manuel , Paige Evans , Peter Weber

3D printing (3DP) has been becoming pervasive in the K-16 education system. However, in many schools, new 3D printers arrive, work for a certain period, and before long break down due to lack of maintenance and support. Teachers must develop a deeper understanding of 3D printing to fully realize its potential in engineering design. This course responds to that need by integrating 3D printer dissection with the Engineering Design Process (EDP) and culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP). In this project, the course of engineering design for preservice teachers (PST, current undergraduate students) is developed and implemented with mechanical components from dissected 3D printers. The approach is to dissect a 3D printer’s hardware, explain each component’s function, introduce each component’s manufacturing methods, describe possible defects, and elucidate what works and what does not. This allows the PSTs to develop a better understanding of 3D printing process, have a better idea on how to fix a 3D printer when it breaks down, and design components that are compatible with 3D printing. Findings from pre- and post-course quizzes and course evaluations indicate that preservice teachers not only improved their technical knowledge of 3D printing but also gained confidence in applying EDP and CRP practices, strengthening the sustainability and meaningful use of 3D printing in classrooms.

3D打印（3DP）已经在K-16教育系统中普及。然而，在许多学校，新的3D打印机到达，工作了一段时间，不久就因缺乏维护和支持而故障。教师必须深入了解3D打印，充分发挥其在工程设计中的潜力。本课程通过将3D打印机解剖与工程设计过程（EDP）和文化响应教学法（CRP）相结合来响应这一需求。本项目利用解剖式3D打印机的机械部件，开发并实施了面向职前教师（PST，在读本科生）的工程设计课程。方法是剖析3D打印机的硬件，解释每个组件的功能，介绍每个组件的制造方法，描述可能的缺陷，并阐明哪些有效，哪些无效。这使得PSTs能够更好地理解3D打印过程，更好地了解如何在3D打印机发生故障时修复3D打印机，并设计与3D打印兼容的组件。课前和课后测验和课程评估的结果表明，职前教师不仅提高了他们对3D打印的技术知识，而且在应用EDP和CRP实践方面获得了信心，加强了3D打印在课堂上的可持续性和有意义的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Shaping tomorrow’s engineering education with sustainable design and manufacturing practices 用可持续的设计和制造实践塑造明天的工程教育

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.015

Ismail Fidan

The future of engineering education depends on equipping students with advanced design tools and sustainable manufacturing practices. This article presents three innovative, hands-on modules: 1) Generative Design using Autodesk Fusion, 2) Portable Sand Casting with “foundry-in-a-box” kits, and 3) Green Manufacturing by converting waste plastics into 3D printing filaments. Each module integrates sustainability and entrepreneurial thinking. The modules were beta tested with STEM students and educators during a summer workshop, yielding positive feedback and valuable insights for refinement. These scalable educational models address current knowledge gaps and enhance STEM education by inspiring the next generation of engineers.

工程教育的未来取决于为学生提供先进的设计工具和可持续的制造实践。本文介绍了三个创新的动手模块：1)使用Autodesk Fusion的生成设计，2)便携式砂铸造与“铸造盒”套件，以及3)通过将废塑料转化为3D打印长丝的绿色制造。每个模块都整合了可持续性和创业思维。在夏季研讨会上，STEM学生和教育工作者对这些模块进行了测试，得到了积极的反馈和有价值的见解。这些可扩展的教育模式解决了当前的知识差距，并通过激励下一代工程师来加强STEM教育。

引用次数: 0

Analysis of user experience in extended reality: a comparative study of VR and MR for manufacturing training 扩展现实中的用户体验分析：制造业培训中VR和MR的比较研究

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.003

Israa Azzam , Khalid Bello , Farid El Breidi , Faisal Aqlan

With the advancement of Industry 4.0, extended reality (XR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR), have become integral tools in manufacturing training and education. These technologies proved to lower training costs by eliminating the need for physical equipment and reducing safety concerns. However, both VR and MR still face challenges related to user experience (UX), interaction quality, environmental functionality, and hardware/software limitations, which affects their overall effectiveness in training. This research examines the unique features, strengths, and limitations of VR and MR environments based on users’ experiences during manufacturing assembly tasks, aiming to select the optimal XR environment for a better user experience. A study was conducted with 95 undergraduate engineering students using interactive training modules in both VR and MR settings. The modules included sensory inputs, such as sound and visuals, to help assess UX. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Statistical methods were used for the numerical data and Natural Language Processing (NLP), specifically the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, was used to analyze the qualitative data. The findings showed that MR was more effective than VR for manufacturing training. Participants reported that MR provided a more immersive and interactive experience, reduced discomfort, and improved safety by allowing real-time interaction with the physical environment through holograms, while still maintaining awareness of their surroundings.

随着工业4.0的发展，扩展现实（XR）技术，如虚拟现实（VR）和混合现实（MR），已成为制造业培训和教育中不可或缺的工具。事实证明，这些技术通过消除对物理设备的需求和减少安全问题，降低了培训成本。然而，VR和MR仍然面临着与用户体验（UX）、交互质量、环境功能和硬件/软件限制相关的挑战，这些都会影响它们在培训中的整体有效性。本研究基于用户在制造装配任务中的体验，考察了VR和MR环境的独特功能、优势和局限性，旨在选择最佳的XR环境以获得更好的用户体验。研究人员对95名工科本科生进行了一项研究，使用虚拟现实和磁共振环境下的互动训练模块。这些模块包括感官输入，如声音和视觉，以帮助评估用户体验。定量和定性数据的收集和分析。数值数据采用统计方法，定性数据采用自然语言处理（NLP），特别是潜狄利克雷分配（LDA）模型进行分析。研究结果表明，MR在制造培训方面比VR更有效。参与者报告说，MR提供了更身临其境的互动体验，减少了不适，并通过全息图与物理环境实时互动，同时仍然保持对周围环境的感知，从而提高了安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of low cost, open-source desktop milling machine 低成本、开源桌面铣床的设计、制造和性能评估

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.016

Tyler Woodard , John Greene , Andrew Honeycutt , Tony Schmitz

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a three-axis computer-controlled desktop milling machine. To increase availability for this technology and provide education and training opportunities for the machining workforce, a primary goal for this machine is to provide a low-cost option for educators and students to access milling technology. The intent of the machine and, later, the supporting curriculum is to introduce machining and machining science to the next generation of manufacturers using a desktop format. Results are provided for the machine design and testing, including error motions, dynamics, and machining performance.

本文介绍了一台三轴计算机控制台式铣床的设计、制造和性能评价。为了提高这项技术的可用性，并为加工劳动力提供教育和培训机会，这台机器的主要目标是为教育工作者和学生提供低成本的铣削技术选择。机器的目的，后来，配套课程是介绍加工和加工科学的下一代制造商使用桌面格式。结果提供了机器的设计和测试，包括误差运动，动力学和加工性能。

引用次数: 0

Superior fatigue response of LENS-manufactured Ti-5553 alloy lens制造的Ti-5553合金具有优异的疲劳响应

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.012

Mateusz Kopec , Tomasz Durejko

In this paper, fatigue performance of Ti-5553 alloy fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) was investigated. Mechanical testing revealed high tensile strength (UTS: 1377 MPa) and good ductility (16 %). Fatigue tests under fully reversed loading expose superior endurance, with crack initiation mechanisms transitioning from surface-induced at high stresses to internal defect-assisted at lower amplitudes. Fractography exposed unmelted particles as initiation sites under moderate cyclic loads. The results establish LENS as a reliable method for manufacturing high-strength Ti-5553 components for high-performance applications.

研究了激光工程净成形（LENS）制备Ti-5553合金的疲劳性能。力学试验表明，该材料具有较高的抗拉强度（UTS: 1377 MPa）和良好的延展性（16%）。完全反向载荷下的疲劳试验显示出优异的耐久性，裂纹起裂机制从高应力下的表面诱导转变为低振幅下的内部缺陷辅助。在中等循环载荷作用下，断口形貌显示未熔化颗粒为起始点。结果表明，LENS是制造高性能高强度Ti-5553组件的可靠方法。

引用次数: 0

Improving employer engagement in manufacturing workforce development programs 提高雇主对制造业劳动力发展计划的参与度

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.004

Zhen Zhao, John Liu

U.S. manufacturers face significant recruitment and retention challenges, compelling them to seek support from workforce development (WD) programs. Effective WD programs actively incorporate employer input in program design, development, and implementation to ensure relevance and meet the specific hiring needs of the manufacturing industry. Using a multi-method approach, this study examined manufacturers' preferences for engagement across areas in oversight, design, delivery, recruitment, and resource support. The results show that employers seek greater involvement in strategic oversight, curriculum design, and program delivery. Structured strategies for employer participation are recommended to ensure that WD programs align closely with industry needs.

美国制造商面临着重大的招聘和人才保留挑战，迫使他们寻求劳动力发展（WD）计划的支持。有效的WD计划积极地将雇主的意见纳入计划的设计、开发和实施中，以确保相关性并满足制造业的特定招聘需求。本研究采用多种方法，考察了制造商在监督、设计、交付、招聘和资源支持等方面的参与偏好。结果表明，雇主希望更多地参与战略监督、课程设计和项目交付。建议雇主参与的结构化策略，以确保WD计划与行业需求紧密结合。

引用次数: 0

Surface topographical and morphological features of submerged waterjet peened AZ91D Mg alloy surfaces – A preliminary study 浸没水射流喷丸AZ91D镁合金表面形貌及形态特征的初步研究

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.09.004

Mugilvalavan Mohan , Thirumavalavan Krishnamurthy , Muruganandhan Radhakrishnan , Arunkumar Thirugnanasambandam

This research examines surface modifications in AZ91D magnesium alloy through submerged waterjet peening with varying parameters. A significant outcome is the achievement of a S_ku > 3, indicating a valley-dominated surface profile highly favourable for micro-lubricant retention and improved corrosion and tribological performance. Maximum surface variations were observed at D_c = 0.75 mm, v = 90 mm/min, and NOP = 5, resulting in a S_ku value of 10.107 ± 0.32 and also S_sk value indicating a valley-dominated profile. The enhanced S_ku value is attributed to intensified cavitation effects from the cumulative bubble collapse under high-pressure waterjet. Moreover, a maximum microhardness of 155 ± 13.9HV_0.1 was obtained at D_c = 1 mm, v = 90 mm/min, and NOP = 1, highlighting an optimal balance between plastic deformation and surface integrity. Surface morphology of selected peened samples indicates that prolonged exposure to high-pressure waterjet under submerged conditions led to intensified erosion, characterised by deeper valleys, micro-depressions, and craters, correlating with energy dispersion and material erosion, which indicates that SWP effectively modifies surfaces using only water and mechanical energy, avoiding chemical treatments and hazardous by-products. This makes SWP a sustainable surface modification technique and a promising green alternative for improving material performance across various industrial applications. However, further investigations are needed to optimise parameters and fully understand surface characteristics.

研究了不同参数下浸没水射流强化AZ91D镁合金的表面改性。一个重要的成果是实现了Sku >； 3，表明山谷主导的表面轮廓非常有利于微润滑剂的保留，并改善了腐蚀和摩擦学性能。在Dc = 0.75 mm, v = 90 mm/min和NOP = 5时，表面变化最大，Sku值为10.107±0.32，Ssk值也显示山谷主导剖面。高压水射流作用下，累积气泡破裂引起的空化作用加剧了Sku值的增大。此外，在Dc = 1 mm, v = 90 mm/min, NOP = 1时，获得的最大显微硬度为155±13.9HV0.1，突出了塑性变形和表面完整性之间的最佳平衡。所选喷淋样品的表面形貌表明，在淹没条件下长期暴露于高压水射流导致侵蚀加剧，其特征是更深的山谷、微洼地和陨石坑，与能量分散和物质侵蚀相关，这表明SWP仅利用水和机械能有效地改变表面，避免了化学处理和有害的副产品。这使得SWP成为一种可持续的表面改性技术，也是一种有前途的绿色替代方案，可以改善各种工业应用中的材料性能。然而，需要进一步的研究来优化参数并充分了解表面特征。

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引用次数: 0

Application of phone-based robotic arm teleoperation in remote hands-on labs for engineering education 基于电话的机械臂遥操作在工程教育远程动手实验室中的应用

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.005

Ziling Chen, Zhen Zhao, John Liu

Remote manufacturing education often struggles to deliver authentic hands-on experiences. We developed TeleopLab, an intuitive teleoperation system that enables students to control a robotic arm and laboratory equipment remotely through a smartphone motion interface and commonly available meeting software. Designed for accessibility and minimal setup, TeleopLab preserves the interactivity and complexity of physical laboratories in an online environment. When deployed in an advanced manufacturing course, it supported iterative 3D printing optimization tasks in real time. The educational impact of TeleopLab was evaluated using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), with pre- and post-use data collected from six students. The results showed improvements in self-efficacy and motivation to re-engage, along with a reduction in fear of making mistakes among students during the lab activities. TeleopLab highlights the potential of a scalable, cost-effective solution for remote hands-on learning.

远程制造教育往往难以提供真实的实践经验。我们开发了TeleopLab，这是一个直观的远程操作系统，使学生能够通过智能手机运动界面和常用的会议软件远程控制机械臂和实验室设备。TeleopLab专为可访问性和最小设置而设计，在在线环境中保留了物理实验室的交互性和复杂性。当部署在先进制造课程时，它支持实时迭代的3D打印优化任务。使用动机学习策略问卷（MSLQ）评估TeleopLab的教育影响，并收集了6名学生使用前后的数据。结果显示，学生在自我效能和重新参与的动机方面有所提高，同时在实验室活动中对犯错的恐惧也有所减少。TeleopLab强调了远程动手学习的可扩展、经济高效的解决方案的潜力。

引用次数: 0

A LEGO®-themed introduction to manufacturing course developed for first-year undergraduate students 乐高®为一年级本科生开发的以制造为主题的入门课程

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.010

John Liu, Daniel Braconnier, Zhen Zhao, Kaitlyn Gee, Kaitlyn P. Becker, A. John Hart

Undergraduate engineering curricula have commonly struggled to capture students’ imagination and interest for manufacturing. Most undergraduate engineering programs give students limited and late opportunities to learn manufacturing. To stimulate students’ interest in manufacturing earlier, we present the development and implementation of a LEGO®-themed freshman manufacturing course. The course is composed of interactive lectures, hands-on labs, factory visits, and team project-based learning. Survey findings from the spring 2024 course yield gains in attitudes, understanding, and skills in manufacturing. While manufacturing programs are traditionally predominantly male, the class’s enrollment was 75 % women, demonstrating the course’s promise to engage a diverse audience.

本科工程课程通常难以激发学生对制造业的想象力和兴趣。大多数本科工程课程给学生有限的学习制造的机会。为了更早地激发学生对制造的兴趣，我们提出了一个乐高®主题的新生制造课程的开发和实施。课程由互动讲座、动手实验、工厂参观和团队项目学习组成。2024年春季课程的调查结果显示，制造业的态度、理解和技能都有所提高。虽然制造业课程传统上以男性为主，但该课程的女性入学率为75%，这表明该课程有望吸引不同的受众。

引用次数: 0

Development of digital laboratory modules using computer simulation for enhanced learning experience in manufacturing education 利用计算机模拟开发数字实验室模块，以增强制造业教育的学习体验

IF 2 Q3 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Letters

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mfglet.2025.10.009

S.M. Atikur Rahman , Selim Molla , Jakia Sultana , Richard Y. Chiou , Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng , Md. Fashiar Rahman

The complexity of modern manufacturing environments, characterized by interactions among various entities, variability, and randomness, presents significant challenges for learners. Understanding these dynamics is essential, but traditional classroom-only focused education often falls short in providing students with practical insights. Hands-on experimentation is vital for students to observe interactions and experience process manipulations, yet such experimental setups can be costly and impractical for many institutions. This paper presents the development of digital laboratory modules to enhance students’ learning experience in manufacturing education through computer simulation techniques. Two modules were created to address complex manufacturing issues: production design under demand uncertainty, manufacturing layout design, and different maintenance schedules. These modules allow users to control process parameters, design experiments, run simulations, and observe outcomes, promoting informed decision-making without wasting resources. This approach is particularly valuable for resource-constrained industries, facilitating rapid decision-making and process efficiency. Each module uses case studies with background information, problem statements, datasets, and expected results. The paper details the development process and case studies and includes experimentation guidelines for using the modules effectively in educational settings.

现代制造环境的复杂性，以各种实体之间的相互作用、可变性和随机性为特征，对学习者提出了重大挑战。了解这些动态是必不可少的，但传统的课堂教育往往不能为学生提供实用的见解。动手实验对于学生观察互动和体验过程操作是至关重要的，然而这种实验设置对许多机构来说可能是昂贵和不切实际的。本文介绍了利用计算机仿真技术开发数字化实验模块，以提高学生在制造教育中的学习体验。创建了两个模块来解决复杂的制造问题：需求不确定性下的生产设计、制造布局设计和不同的维护计划。这些模块允许用户控制过程参数，设计实验，运行模拟，并观察结果，促进明智的决策而不浪费资源。这种方法对于资源受限的行业特别有价值，可以促进快速决策和流程效率。每个模块都使用带有背景信息、问题陈述、数据集和预期结果的案例研究。本文详细介绍了开发过程和案例研究，并包括在教育环境中有效使用这些模块的实验指南。

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