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A novel educational model for architectural heritage preservation in Ukraine: Digital tools amidst wartime challenges 乌克兰建筑遗产保护的新教育模式：战时挑战中的数字工具

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2026.e00507

Natalia Merzhiievska , Yеvhen Dunaievskyi , Anzhelika Dunaievska , Antonina Chaban , Yelyzaveta Andrieieva

The architectural heritage of every nation is a foundation of its historical and cultural significance, demanding urgent digital documentation and preservation, particularly in the times of crisis. (1) Ukraine's architectural heritage, despite its challenging history, has gained its standing as an invaluable part of global heritage. With approximately 15,000 architectural and urban monuments under threat due to the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war, immediate measures for their protection and restoration are needed. (2) This article highlights the role of advanced technologies such as digital documentation, remote sensing, and 3D modelling in training restoration architects, emphasizing their importance in safeguarding at-risk heritage. Case studies from the newly established program ‘Restoration of Architectural Objects’ at the Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture showcase the application of modern restoration methodologies to valuable architectural objects, focusing on their surfaces and structural elements (3) The curriculum follows a three-phase approach: research and damage assessment, digital modelling and analysis, and preservation planning. This structured methodology equips students with theoretical and practical skills to tackle contemporary restoration challenges. (4) By leveraging innovative technologies for remote investigation and damage assessment, including photogrammetry and laser scanning, this evolving Ukrainian model of architectural restoration ensures heritage preservation while responding to threats posed by modern warfare. Our study underscores the necessity of continuous monitoring, documentation, and digital sustainability to protect Ukraine's irreplaceable cultural heritage for future generations, and proposes key characteristics of a novel educational model shaped by current technological and geopolitical challenges.

每个国家的建筑遗产都是其历史和文化意义的基础，需要紧急的数字记录和保存，特别是在危机时期。(1)乌克兰的建筑遗产，尽管其历史充满挑战，但已成为全球遗产的宝贵组成部分。由于正在进行的俄罗斯-乌克兰战争，大约有15,000个建筑和城市古迹受到威胁，需要立即采取措施保护和修复它们。(2)本文强调了数字文献、遥感和三维建模等先进技术在培训修复建筑师中的作用，强调了它们在保护濒危遗产中的重要性。敖德萨国立土木工程与建筑学院新成立的“建筑对象修复”项目的案例研究展示了现代修复方法在有价值的建筑对象中的应用，重点关注它们的表面和结构元素。课程遵循三个阶段的方法：研究和损害评估，数字建模和分析，以及保护规划。这种结构化的方法为学生提供了解决当代修复挑战的理论和实践技能。(4)通过利用远程调查和损害评估的创新技术，包括摄影测量和激光扫描，这种不断发展的乌克兰建筑修复模式确保了遗产保护，同时应对现代战争带来的威胁。我们的研究强调了持续监测、记录和数字可持续性的必要性，以便为后代保护乌克兰不可替代的文化遗产，并提出了受当前技术和地缘政治挑战影响的新型教育模式的关键特征。

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引用次数: 0

Reconstructing Aura in immersive heritage media 在沉浸式遗产媒介中重构灵气

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2026.e00512

Daegyeom Heo

引用次数: 0

From manuscript inventories to data: Artificial intelligence and databases, a new chapter for the history of science at “G. Marconi” Central Library of the CNR 从手稿清单到数据：人工智能和数据库，科学史的新篇章。马可尼，中央图书馆

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00459

Santorsa Sara, Bartolucci Monia, Cilione Emanuela, Florio Isabella, Migliorelli Giorgia, Ranchino Maria Adelaide, Tiberi Luca

Established in 1927, the “G. Marconi” Central Library of the National Research Council (CNR) has, from its inception, benefited from the legal deposit of Italian technical-scientific publications. This legacy has earned it the reputation of being Italy’s National Library of Science and Technology. This paper explores the evolving role of the digital librarian by focusing on a project to enhance and improve accessibility to the Library’s heritage through the analysis and digitisation of its manuscript inventory books (15/10/1931–10/01/1991). These volumes record a summary description of 205,683 bibliographic documents. By defining criteria for preservation, restoration, digitisation, management, and dissemination, the project aims to reconstruct the Library’s historical development, with a focus on its preservation efforts, and document the key stages of its growth from its foundation to the 1990s. Analysis of these inventories will shed light on significant events that shaped the Library’s history – such as major acquisitions, losses due to natural events, or collaborations with other institutions – and contribute to a cultural history of science and technology. To facilitate data consultation, the project includes the development of a structured database. Additionally, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) techniques, particularly Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR), will be used for transcription and text search. HTR methods will identify keywords, analyse layouts, and automate author recognition to streamline transcription. This study not only deepens our understanding of the Library’s history and role within its region but also enhances our insights into the evolution of scientific research over time.

成立于1927年的G。马可尼国家研究委员会中央图书馆（CNR）从一开始就受益于意大利技术科学出版物的法定保管。这一遗产为它赢得了意大利国家科技图书馆的美誉。本文探讨了数字图书馆员的角色演变，重点介绍了一个项目，该项目旨在通过分析和数字化图书馆的手稿库存图书（1931年10月15日至1991年10月1日）来提高和改善图书馆遗产的可访问性。这些卷记录了205,683个书目文件的概要描述。通过定义保存、修复、数字化、管理和传播的标准，该项目旨在重建图书馆的历史发展，重点关注其保存工作，并记录图书馆从成立到20世纪90年代的发展关键阶段。对这些清单的分析将揭示影响图书馆历史的重大事件——如重大收购、自然事件造成的损失或与其他机构的合作——并有助于科学和技术的文化史。为方便数据咨询，该计划包括发展一个结构化数据库。此外，光学字符识别（OCR）技术，特别是手写文本识别（HTR），将用于转录和文本搜索。HTR方法将识别关键字，分析布局，并自动识别作者，以简化转录。这项研究不仅加深了我们对图书馆的历史和在该地区的作用的理解，而且增强了我们对科学研究随时间演变的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) driven customization of digital features integration in physical replicas for meaningful museum communication 分析层次过程（AHP）驱动的数字特征集成定制的物理复制品有意义的博物馆交流

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00483

Eslam Nofal , Sondos T. Afandy , Ramy Hammady , Mohamed W. Fareed

The integration of digital features into physical replicas offers a transformative approach to enhancing museum communication, bridging tangible heritage with new interpretive tools. Drawing on expert judgement in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research offers guidelines to harmonize digital enhancements with different heritage content types, showing the interplay between the physical and digital dimensions in a museum setting. The study analyzed twenty-five interactive museum prototypes, identifying six categories of heritage content: historical context, architectural aspects, spatial dimensions, aesthetic features, social context, and scientific information. Five digital features (i.e., audio materials, digital displays, projections, digital 3D reconstructions, and gamification) were evaluated by experts for their communication effectiveness based on content types. Results indicated that digital 3D reconstructions are better at historical context, architecture, spatial, and aesthetic displays; gamification can convey social contexts more effectively. Audio materials are better at simplification of complex scientific information. This research highlights the potential of tailored digital-physical integrations to optimize museum communication, providing curators and designers with actionable insights for creating meaningful, expert-driven experiences. The findings emphasize the importance of aligning technological innovation with the preservation of cultural authenticity to ensure that hybrid spaces foster engagement, understanding, and inclusivity in cultural heritage interpretation.

将数字特征整合到物理复制品中，为加强博物馆的交流提供了一种变革性的方法，将有形遗产与新的解释工具联系起来。利用层次分析法（AHP）中的专家判断，本研究提供了协调不同遗产内容类型的数字增强的指导方针，展示了博物馆环境中物理维度和数字维度之间的相互作用。该研究分析了25个互动博物馆原型，确定了六类遗产内容：历史背景、建筑方面、空间维度、美学特征、社会背景和科学信息。专家根据内容类型评估了五种数字特征（即音频材料、数字显示、投影、数字3D重建和游戏化）的传播效果。结果表明，数字三维重建在历史文脉、建筑、空间和美学表现方面表现较好；游戏化可以更有效地传达社交情境。音频材料更擅长简化复杂的科学信息。这项研究强调了数字与实体的个性化整合在优化博物馆沟通方面的潜力，为策展人和设计师提供了可操作的见解，以创造有意义的、专家驱动的体验。研究结果强调了将技术创新与保护文化真实性相结合的重要性，以确保混合空间在文化遗产解释中促进参与、理解和包容性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing access and understanding of ancient manuscripts: the 3D Digital Edition of the Codex Cospi 加强对古代手稿的获取和理解：古抄本3D数字版

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00474

Alice Bordignon , Davide Domenici

Engaging museum visitors with ancient manuscripts poses challenges due to preservation requirements, incomprehensible language, and fragile nature, which prevents physical handling. Innovative approaches and technologies are emerging to enhance accessibility and comprehension for both specialist and general audiences. This study addresses two research questions: RQ1, how can 3D enhance traditional 2D representations of ancient manuscripts? RQ2, how can a reliable and engaging 3D knowledge space be created to facilitate their understanding? These questions are explored by creating the 3D Digital Edition (3DDE) of the Codex Cospi, a Mesoamerican divinatory manuscript with a complex leporello structure. The project highlights the effectiveness of 3D digitisation in capturing and presenting intricate layouts, enabling users to better explore the manuscript's dual sides and contextual layers beyond the limitations of in-site exhibitions and 2D formats. To enrich the artefact representation, the 3DDE seems the best format to integrate interdisciplinary research into a cohesive, interactive virtual space, and employ storytelling techniques to engage a diverse audience. Aimed at both public and academic dissemination, the 3DDE of the Codex Cospi serves as a tool for knowledge production and cultural valorisation, bridging the gap between accessibility and scholarly reliability. Its adaptability makes it suitable for museum exhibitions, education, and research, offering an immersive and enriched understanding of the manuscript's historical and cultural significance.

由于保存要求、难以理解的语言和易碎的性质，很难让博物馆的参观者接触到古代手稿，这给他们带来了挑战。创新的方法和技术正在出现，以提高专家和一般受众的可及性和理解性。本研究解决了两个研究问题：RQ1, 3D如何增强古代手稿的传统2D表征？RQ2，如何建立一个可靠和吸引人的3D知识空间，以促进他们的理解？通过创建Codex Cospi的3D数字版本（3DDE）来探索这些问题，Codex Cospi是一份具有复杂leporello结构的中美洲占卜手稿。该项目强调了3D数字化在捕捉和呈现复杂布局方面的有效性，使用户能够更好地探索手稿的双面和上下文层次，超越了现场展览和2D格式的限制。为了丰富人工制品的表现形式，3DDE似乎是将跨学科研究整合到一个有凝聚力的、互动的虚拟空间中的最佳格式，并采用讲故事的技术来吸引不同的观众。面向公众和学术传播，《国际古物法典》3DDE是知识生产和文化增值的工具，弥合了可获取性和学术可靠性之间的差距。它的适应性使其适合博物馆展览，教育和研究，为手稿的历史和文化意义提供了身临其境和丰富的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Designing accessible museum experiences in virtual reality for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder 为自闭症谱系障碍患者设计无障碍的虚拟现实博物馆体验

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00471

Jacopo Fiorenza , Davide Calandra , Anna Osello , Fabrizio Lamberti

Accessibility in cultural heritage is essential to foster inclusivity, particularly for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who may face sensory and social challenges in museums, such as bright lights, loud noises, and crowded spaces. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a promising solution by providing controlled and customizable experiences that can be tailored to their needs. However, a consolidated methodology for designing VR-based museum experiences for ASD users is still lacking. This paper proposes a structured approach based on three key design principles: modularity, predictability, and attention. These principles serve as the foundation for creating virtual visits specifically suited to the needs of individuals with ASD, aiming to provide accessible, engaging, and enriching experiences inspired by real-world visits. The results of a user study comparing a VR experience based on these principles with a traditional museum visit demonstrated significant advantages in terms of museum experience, with variations depending on ASD levels.

文化遗产的无障碍对于促进包容性至关重要，特别是对于自闭症谱系障碍患者而言，他们在博物馆可能面临感官和社会挑战，例如明亮的灯光、嘈杂的噪音和拥挤的空间。虚拟现实（VR）提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，它提供了可控制的、可定制的体验，可以根据他们的需求量身定制。然而，为ASD用户设计基于vr的博物馆体验的统一方法仍然缺乏。本文提出了一种基于三个关键设计原则的结构化方法：模块化、可预测性和关注性。这些原则是创建专门适合ASD患者需求的虚拟访问的基础，旨在提供受现实访问启发的可访问、引人入胜和丰富的体验。一项用户研究将基于这些原则的VR体验与传统的博物馆参观进行了比较，结果显示，在博物馆体验方面，VR体验具有显著优势，差异取决于ASD水平。

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引用次数: 0

The Lanna XR dance heritage: Exploring XR for the digitization and transmission of intangible culture 兰纳XR舞蹈遗产：探索XR对非物质文化的数字化和传播

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00457

Kannikar Intawong , Phimphakan Thongthip , Songpon Khanchai , Kitti Puritat

The preservation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), particularly traditional dance, faces challenges due to globalization and declining practitioner communities. This study presents the Lanna XR Dance Heritage Project, utilizing Extended Reality (XR) technologies including Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and web-based visualization for the digitization and transmission of Lanna Dance, a traditional Northern Thai art form. Through motion capture, the project integrates full-body tracking, smart gloves for hand articulation, and facial expression recognition to ensure cultural fidelity. Twenty-four Lanna Dance forms are categorized into Equipment-Dancing, Without-Equipment Dancing, and Lanna Royal Dancing. Usability and engagement were evaluated with 90 university students across three XR platforms using the System Usability Scale and User Engagement Scale. Findings highlight XR's role in preserving Lanna Dance, offering immersive and interactive experiences that ensure accessibility and cultural sustainability for future generations.

非物质文化遗产（ICH）的保护，特别是传统舞蹈，由于全球化和从业者群体的减少，面临着挑战。本研究提出了兰娜XR舞蹈遗产项目，利用扩展现实（XR）技术，包括虚拟现实（VR）、混合现实（MR）和基于网络的可视化技术，将兰娜舞蹈（泰国北部的一种传统艺术形式）数字化和传播。该项目通过动作捕捉，将全身跟踪、智能手关节手套、面部表情识别集成在一起，确保文化保真度。24种兰纳舞分为器械舞、无器械舞和兰纳皇家舞。使用系统可用性量表和用户参与度量表对90名大学生在三个XR平台上的可用性和参与度进行了评估。研究结果强调了XR在保护兰纳舞蹈方面的作用，提供身临其境的互动体验，确保后代的可访问性和文化可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging AR for the reconstruction of glass relics using manifold learning 利用流形学习利用AR重建玻璃文物

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00479

Rabab Kawtharani , Mohammad Karim Yassine , Maya Antoun , Nadine Panayot , Daniel Asmar

Automating the reassembly of valuable broken relics is imperative to mitigate the risks associated with manual handling. This paper introduces a solution leveraging computer vision for 3D data acquisition to extract features from high-dimensional data, focusing on the automatic reassembly of broken glass relics. The proposed approach begins by digitizing the broken shards and extracting and segmenting their contours. Subsequently, the system maps these segments into a manifold space to assess similarity in local geometry using Local Tangent Space Alignment and identify pairwise matches among them. A global optimization step based on Minimum Spanning Tree then determines the overall solution of the reassembly problem, aligning the shards to visualize a digitally reassembled relic. This digital solution is deployed in an application for head-mounted augmented reality devices, guiding users through the sequential reconstruction of the real relic. Experimental validation across ten manually fractured glass relics shows robust matching accuracy, with alignment success rates over 90% and processing times averaging one hour per object. Additionally, the system’s performance is assessed in scenarios involving missing shards, demonstrating the robustness in matching shards but encountering challenges in aligning shards around absent pieces.

自动化重新组装有价值的破损文物是必要的，以减轻与人工处理相关的风险。本文介绍了一种利用计算机视觉进行三维数据采集的解决方案，从高维数据中提取特征，重点研究破碎玻璃文物的自动重组。该方法首先将破碎的碎片数字化，并提取和分割它们的轮廓。随后，系统将这些片段映射到流形空间中，使用局部切线空间对齐来评估局部几何中的相似性，并识别它们之间的成对匹配。然后，基于最小生成树的全局优化步骤确定重组问题的总体解决方案，对齐碎片以可视化数字重组的遗迹。该数字解决方案部署在头戴式增强现实设备的应用程序中，指导用户通过真实遗迹的顺序重建。对10个人工破碎的玻璃遗迹进行实验验证，显示出强大的匹配精度，对准成功率超过90%，每个物体的处理时间平均为1小时。此外，系统的性能在涉及缺失碎片的场景中进行评估，展示了匹配碎片的鲁棒性，但在围绕缺失碎片对齐碎片时遇到了挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Digitizing Temples for heritage conservation: Kalinga Architecture 数字化寺庙的遗产保护：卡林加建筑

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00462

Annada Prasad Behera, Subhankar Mishra

Heritage site documentation using LiDAR scans and meshes generates data-intensive records that pose challenges in storage, querying, and transmission to low-powered devices. Often, only specific portions of monuments need examination, making full model transmission inefficient. This paper addresses three key challenges: storage, distribution, and exhibition of heritage site data. The authors explore techniques including isolation, matching, and multi-level decimation to optimize data management and transmission. The study demonstrates these approaches through decimation and storage strategies applied to mesh and LiDAR point cloud data from the Rajarani Temple in Bhubaneswar, India. These methods enable efficient preservation and accessibility of cultural heritage documentation while managing computational and storage resources effectively.

使用激光雷达扫描和网格的遗址文档生成数据密集型记录，这对存储、查询和传输到低功耗设备提出了挑战。通常，只有纪念碑的特定部分需要检查，使全模型传输效率低下。本文讨论了三个关键挑战：遗产数据的存储、分发和展示。作者探索了包括隔离、匹配和多级抽取在内的技术，以优化数据管理和传输。该研究通过将抽取和存储策略应用于来自印度布巴内斯瓦尔拉贾拉尼神庙的网格和激光雷达点云数据来演示这些方法。这些方法在有效管理计算和存储资源的同时，能够有效地保存和访问文化遗产文献。

引用次数: 0

Tracing ancient artisanal gestures: Digital applications and experimental archaeology on South Italian red-figure pottery production 追溯古代手工手势：南意大利红图陶器生产的数字应用和实验考古

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2025.e00468

Marco Serino

This paper explores how the integration of computational imaging and experimental archaeology can enhance the understanding of technological practices in South Italian red-figure pottery. Within the framework of the A.G.A.T.H.O.C.L.E.S. Project, funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, this research focuses on the first and second generations of workshops active in Sicily and their connections with Campanian and Paestan ceramic production. Moving beyond traditional stylistic analysis, the study emphasizes the significance of Persistent Signs on Surfaces—such as incisions, brush marks, and pigment residues—as diagnostic indicators of workshop-specific procedures. Digital tools, including Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) and digital portable microscopy, enable the detection and measurement of micro-traces otherwise invisible to the naked eye. When combined with experimental replication, these techniques allow researchers to reconstruct artisanal gestures, test hypotheses on pigment application (including a peculiar red-ochre, notably known as miltos), and assess the chromatic challenges faced by ancient painters prior to firing. Ultimately, this study argues for a re-humanization of ancient technological processes by foregrounding the embodied experience of craft and the material consciousness of ancient red-figure vases’ painters.

本文探讨了计算成像和实验考古学的结合如何增强对南意大利红图陶器技术实践的理解。在由Marie Skłodowska-Curie行动组织资助的A.G.A.T.H.O.C.L.E.S.项目的框架内，这项研究的重点是活跃在西西里岛的第一代和第二代作坊，以及它们与坎帕尼亚和巴基斯坦陶瓷生产的联系。该研究超越了传统的风格分析，强调了表面上的持久痕迹的重要性，如切口、刷痕和颜料残留，作为车间特定程序的诊断指标。数字工具，包括反射变换成像（RTI）和数字便携式显微镜，可以检测和测量肉眼不可见的微痕迹。当与实验复制相结合时，这些技术使研究人员能够重建手工手势，测试颜料应用的假设（包括一种特殊的红赭石，特别是被称为miltos），并评估古代画家在烧制之前面临的色彩挑战。最后，本研究主张通过突出古代红人花瓶画家的工艺体现经验和物质意识，使古代工艺过程重新人性化。

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引用次数: 0