Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage最新文献

In recent years, the emerging digital technologies of VR and AR have had practical applications for visitors in the tourism sector. The purpose of this study was to identify the usage of VR and AR in heritage tourism based on the experience of tourists. Twenty-two thousand user reviews about AR and VR from websites in the field of tourism were extracted by Python and analyzed with text mining techniques. The usages are classified into six main categories: Introducing the heritage, helping to recognize the heritage, encouraging the desire to visit and facilitating the possibility of visiting the heritage, the effectiveness of managing the costs of the visit, and the possibility of sensory experience. These six categories, in the form of “heritage identification” and “heritage experience,” enhance visitors' information about heritage destinations, increase the quality of the visit experience, and ultimately improve visitor satisfaction. The results of this study can inform tourism marketing and future technology integration. Therefore, this area should be paid attention to by tourism professionals, and the advantages can be harnessed to create sustainable virtual experiences.

This paper presents the results of several visibility analysis carried out upon the 151 preserved megaliths of the Gor valley (Granada, Andalusia, Spain) as well as upon the 5 known settlements in the area with Chalcolithic chronology. In order to analyse the relationship between megaliths, settlements and territory during the Late Prehistory in Southeastern Iberia, the analyses carried out have been intervisibility and individual, cumulative and total or inherent viewshed. The results underline the existence of a noticeable network of visual connection between the megaliths as a whole, as well as with the settlements, especially in the middle river course. This interrelationship is only broken by some more distant necropolises that were already noted as they differ from the rest in both topographical and formal aspects. The results of cumulative and total viewshed show the existence of a defined strategy to choose megaliths locations, in order to visually control areas of the terrain that are not naturally privileged as observation points. The conclusions clearly point to the existence of an increasing network aimed at achieving the demarcation and total control over the exploited territory, creating a new landscape mainly linked to funerary monuments, from which ancestors tie past to present for defining territorial appropriation.

The Annunciation is a remarkable artwork painted in the early 1430s by the Dominican friar Giovanni da Fiesole, better known as Beato Angelico, and now preserved at the Museum of the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie in San Giovanni Valdarno, Italy. It is a wide tempera painting with some fine gold foil placed on a wooden support, representing many symbolic details hard to be fully appreciated at a distance by the observer. To enhance the museum's visitor experience on it, as well as providing scholars with a tool to help deep investigations, a digital high-resolution Digital Twin of the painting was developed. This paper summarizes the outcomes of the process, introducing the custom software applications and hardware solutions that were customized for the artwork's digital replication. Exploiting digital photogrammetry and photometric stereo techniques, the model was prepared to host colorimetrically corrected maps at Gigapixel resolution, reaching a high-definition measurable detail threshold and following a well-established process refined over time by the authors. The fruition of such a complex model was performed through a custom process ending in AnnunciatiOn App, a solution integrated by both graphical and physical touch interfaces, whose features grant a deep interaction with the Digital Twin on kiosks destined to exhibitions. The results feed the discussion on the production and communication of digital replicas of artworks in museum collections and how they can be upscaled to be targeted to simple visitors as well as scholars and restorers.

Heloros lies on a low hill situated along Sicily’s Ionian shore. Archaeologists believe this city was the first subcolony of Syracuse. Despite its long history and prowess, Heloros is understudied, closed to the public, and affected by looting. This article answers crucial questions regarding the site’s chronology, architecture, and topography. This involves digitizing and verifying legacy data and fusing them in a Geographic Information System with newly acquired 3D and geospatial documentation that we collected using global positioning, digital photogrammetry, drones, terrestrial and airborne Light Detection and Ranging, and ground penetrating radar. Our results present new insights into Heloros' history, including information about its pre-Greek occupation and revisions to the interpretation of important buildings and fortifications. Our research demonstrated that the Archaeology of Archaeology investigation we carried out at Heloros, when enhanced by our ‘digital excavation’ approach can generate new knowledge on archaeological sites without requiring new excavations.

The preservation of underground cultural heritage is a challenging goal. Difficult acquisition conditions, the need for uniformity of temporal data and the speed at which surfaces change are some of the issues to consider. Also, quantifiable three-dimensional data are often unavailable when assessing changes on sculptural reliefs because traditional records are two-dimensional. In this paper, we present a workflow to easily detect and measure 3D superficial changes in sculptural reliefs using the deviation analysis technique. We compared multitemporal surveys, testing a quantitative, replicable, and verifiable procedure in two case studies: the reliefs of Pakal's Tomb at Palenque, Mexico, and those of the Osimo Caves in Italy. Both are located underground and show similar superficial alterations such as material disaggregation, efflorescence, salt crusts, and biological colonization. The reliefs showed visible and quantifiable changes on the deviation maps. The procedure to detect changes can be implemented with models generated by structured light scanning as well as photogrammetry.

The growing attention towards reconstruction, driven by its potential to promote sustainable heritage preservation, is impacted by a shortage of the data, sources, and interpretive methods employed in virtual reconstruction. Consequently, the public (individuals and reviewers/Professionals) faces challenges in determining between the original elements and the added elements, in addition to identifying the origin of the new elements. Despite researchers' efforts to implement virtual reality as a solution, its effectiveness is constrained to the end outcome due to the lack of integration of reconstruction information. A set of factors contribute to the challenge of incorporating interactive information into virtual reality, including the researcher's expertise in virtual reality software and the deterministic nature of the C programming language. This necessitates the development of more user-friendly methods to support researchers in reducing the shortage and limitations. As a result, the study aims to develop a method for simplifying the process of transferring virtual reconstruction operations to virtual reality and test its efficiency through interviews with individuals and reviewers/Professionals. This is accomplished through the integration of virtual reconstruction steps with the Unreal Engine program, which serves as a virtual reality platform and is easier to program than Unity which is more prevalent in heritage research. The findings delivered a more efficient approach to collecting diverse sources and integrating them into one platform simply. This approach also facilitates direct communication between reviewers/Professionals and researchers, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the reconstruction peer review process. Furthermore, the utilization of virtual reality has played an important role in enhancing comprehension between what is the origin and added, as well as facilitating the validation of the rebuilding procedure among individuals and reviewers/Professionals.

This paper compiles the most relevant contributions of AI technology in the field of Human Sciences, more specifically Literature, Palaeography, Epigraphy, Archaeology and History of Art. It reveals the development of different applications and the software and techniques used. The main purpose is to show the major breakthroughs in Humanities research and, at the same time, to highlight the scarcity of study cases. The implementation of AI offers many possibilities that are gradually being incorporated. This general state-of-the-art review aims to illustrate how our area of knowledge can benefit from the different approaches that have been undertaken, as well as their potential for future developments.

Digital design tools have been inseparable from every element of the professional architectural graphic process for decades. As they spread, emerging digital tools are changing aspects of design, data collection, edition, fabrication, and architectural visualization. Furthermore, with the example of photography as a widespread mean of capturing and representing heritage, the agents involved in the architectural memory transmission process and their possibilities are changing too. This evolution has gone along with the exponential access to personal computers, digital equipment and manufacturing tools.

The models and images generated by these systems open the doors to new expressive possibilities of great precision and economy. The hardware technology used in the presented case, 3 d printers and high definition projectors, are available to most of agents involved or interested in architectural heritage and preservation of its memory. The purpose of this paper is to study the result of superposing several building's images over its printed model, both with a common origin in the same digital model. The printed model adds the advantages of its presence in real space and the video projection its high degree of variability resulting in a direct augmentation of the visual information provided.

The variability of the digital architectural object and the graphic expression that surges from the combinations of these digital tools are studied to represent the building in an utmost informative way. In the case presented here by the authors, the transcendence of the virtual model from digital to physical space is studied aiming to grade its functionality for exhibition, academic or experimental purposes.

The aim of the study is to describe a methodological approach to represent, interpret, model and manage pluristratified archaeological contexts.

The proposed methodology envisages a digital workflow, a BIM-thinking strategy, which integrates geometric and texture data obtained from laser and photogrammetric scans with information about construction techniques and materials, archaeological reports and documentation. The integration is based on a balanced combination of open-source and proprietary solutions, allowing professionals to work with their “comfort software” and assuring interoperability through the adoption of Open Standards. Experimentations are being conducted exploring the potential of connecting semantic 3D modelling and virtual reconstructions based on archaeological data made with Blender and the Extended Matrix Tool, with BIM software and capabilities thanks to the BlenderBIM addon.

The proposed workflow, in combination with the described data-sharing-oriented process, adopts a new approach towards 3D models in order to promote a more sustainable mindset towards 3D dataset life-cycle by optimizing their usage and reducing waste on different levels, such as re-documenting the same structure twice.

The expected overall result is the ability to generate semantic models that can enhance our understanding of the context as much as foster multidisciplinary BIM (Building Information Modelling) collaboration thus improving archaeological research, documentation and conservation practices.