Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage最新文献

This study describes one part of the restoration project for the Antonio Palomino pictorial group, which is painted on the vault of the central nave in the church of Santos Juanes, in the city of Valencia (Spain). These fresco paintings were partially destroyed by a fire in 1936, and after several failed attempts for a correct restorative intervention, the greatest aesthetic merit of this church was lost and with it an important heritage element.

Now, after many years of the painting being in ruin, this integral restoration project has placed it in an aspect closer to how it was before its destruction. In this phase of the restoration, the areas of the damaged painting will be rectified using the two available black and white photographs and a 3D model of the vault. In addition, it will also describe how the paintings have been placed in their original locations. As follows, it is intended to restore the balance of the figures and allegorical characters on the vault of the temple and return this sample of Spanish Baroque to the new generations.

The solution presented in this study describes a novel methodology supported by geomatic techniques to carry out all the geometric control of the restoration. This have allowed the extensive pictorial program to fit three-dimensionally and relocate the paintings on the irregular surface of the vault, in the same place that the Spanish artist painted them.

Delving into the essence of the Sansalvador villa requires a meticulous juxtaposition of its original architectural blueprints with a newly formulated planimetry. Conceived by Josep Maria Jujol, this architectural work in Barcelona serves as a prime example to explore his conceptual framework. Its unfinished state, scarcity of planimetric archives of the construction process, and the amalgamation of modernist and organic architectural forms and styles, give this project a distinctive character, exemplifying the architect's singular way of working. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of its historical evolution and conceptualization through an exhaustive analysis of primary source materials alongside the realization of a new detailed photogrammetric survey of the existing construction. By overlaying the emergent planimetry, derived from precise point cloud data collected on-site, onto the original hand-drawings, this meticulous comparative analysis unveils nuanced insights into the project's fundamental principles and the evolutionary trajectory of Jujol within the context of Catalan architectural discourse.

This article presents an exploration of the processes used in the development of a 3D printed model of an early medieval church building, Winchester's Old Minster (c.640-1093), establishing a process for the representation of multi-phase buildings in both digital and 3D-printed media. The multi-phase case study lends to itself to enhancing pedagogical methods as well as academic uses such as comparative analysis and scrutinising architectural categorisation. Through the pursuit of this process, it is found that the further publication of reconstructed elevation heights for archaeological is needed. The purpose of the exercise was to test the applicability of 3D printing for the purposes of the representation of heritage assets and develop methodologies.

Human Object Interaction (HOI) detection can provide valuable insights into the meaning and interpretation of a painting, as the interactions between humans and objects can reveal information about the scene, characters, and story depicted in the artwork. Automatically detecting HOI in paintings is a challenging task, as the paintings often contain complex scenes with intricate details and variations in artistic style. Additionally, unlike in real-world images, the context and physics of the painting may not follow physical rules, which can further complicate the detection process. This paper proposes a novel system for detecting HOIs in paintings using multi-task learning. The system utilizes an object detection model to detect instances of human figures and objects, and extracts from them visual and spatial features. The appearance features are then combined to produce an optimized model for detecting HOIs. In order to enhance our model's performance on HOI detection, we train it in a multi-task learning setting with four different tasks. This approach allows us to leverage shared representations across multiple tasks, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency of HOI detection in our system. To train and test our model, we introduce a new benchmark for HOI detection in paintings, by augmenting the existing SemArt dataset with instance detection annotations and interaction classes and call it SemArt-HOI. Through our experiments, we show that our model is able to outperform the state-of-the-art one-stage transformer-based HOI detection model in both single-task and multi-task settings. Furthermore, our system's superior efficiency, training four times faster than the state-of-the-art model and using fewer resources, makes it ideal for practical and large-scale HOI detection in paintings.

Syphilis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, caused major problems for the old continent after the European discovery of the Americas in 1492 and its export to Europe, although treponemal diseases have accompanied human history since the Middle Pleistocene. The present work presents the facial approximation of a 15th-16th century AD Icelandic female individual with tertiary syphilis, with lesions that reached the bones, causing significant destruction on the surface of the soft tissues. The objective is to address the history of the disease and the potential harm caused by its non-treatment by offering a facial approximation of an ancient severe tertiary-syphilis patient.

Nowadays, new data acquisition and representation techniques enable the creation of new fields of intervention and investigation for heritage specialists as well as architectural and archaeology disciplines, whether in conservation, research, or project studies. These innovative digitization techniques are critical for preserving and transmitting our heritage. The Toudja aqueduct, which supplied the Roman city of Saldae, now known as Bejaia, has deteriorated significantly over time. The El Habel tunnel preserves its history and didactic value as a technical and heritage asset, and it deserves further investigation. A 3D lasergrammetry survey method was used to reconstruct the tunnel trajectory in a plane, visualize its internal properties, including excavation error, model its components (shafts 1 and 2), and extract plans and profiles. The findings represent an improvement over previous research using conventional methods. The digitized and processed acquisitions show the tunnel's current route, geolocation, morphological, structural, and dimensional characteristics of its gallery, as well as the state of its surfaces. This study aims to incorporate this information into cultural and archaeological heritage maps to ensure its preservation. Furthermore, detecting visible disorders on the inner walls will enable more thorough examinations for potential tunnel rehabilitation.

Digital documentation of archaeological remains advanced considerably thanks to the development of informatics during the two last decades. Iran, as a country with enormous number of archaeological sites deserves a special attention in this regard. In this article, we present the results of the study and digital documentation realized on the Palace of Ardašīr dated back to the Sassanian era. The main purpose was the digital documentation of the property to prepare some information regarding the preservation state of the monument. In this approach, the Structure from Motion technique was used to document the state of preservation and potential digital reconstruction by creating a georeferenced high-resolution true-colored output, useful for ground plans and 3D modelling, of the palatial complex with the exterior as well as interior parts for monitoring the state of preservation and as basis for planning restauration works. For data processing, the Open Source Software OpenMVG was used. The documentation intent aimed mainly at providing raw data for a 3D model of the structure as basis for the medium-termed monitoring of the building. The processing outreached the expectation as the detail provide an excellent basis also for archaeological research focuses as envisaged in this paper.

The application of non-invasive radiography (X-ray and CT) to an ancient Egyptian crocodile mummy demonstrated a high level of corporeal preservation achieved through artificial embalming. Analysis revealed numerous anomalies within the abdomen of the crocodile which merited further investigation using digital three-dimensional modelling technologies. Improving the clarity of the CT scan data enabled the authors to identify the anomalies which included a metal fish hook and a small fish. Segmentation of the CT scan data enabled the virtual extraction of the hook from within the confines of the mummy and its replication, firstly in plastic and then in its original material, bronze.

Through the scientific analysis of the mummy, the authors reconstruct the biological biography and life history attributes of the animal, and consider the human-animal relationships and religious beliefs behind its post-mortem preservation. The study explores the application of the 3D technologies applied to archaeological materials and the novel implementation of experimental techniques to reproduce the anomaly. The investigation provided the ability to enhance the study, interpretation and display of the mummy; a matter of particular relevance in the case of mummified remains where anomalies are not directly visible. The authors consider the improved accessibility to cultural artefacts made possible through the application of enhanced visualisation techniques in the heritage sector.