Milk and milk products are among the most important daily consumed foodstuffs. The quality and safety of raw milk for human consumption in developed countries is not adequately monitored. The lack of studies about the antimicrobial residues in milk keeps this vital topic under observation. In this brief study, 34 raw dairy milk samples were tested for detection of antimicrobial residues of β-lactams and tetracyclines above Maximum Residual Limits (MRLs). Rapid screening test, IDEXX Snap test kit was used in this study. Eighteen samples were tested for β-lactams residues, of which 22.2 % (4 of 18) appeared to be above MRLs. Sixteen samples tested for tetracycline of which 18.7 % (3 of 16) were above MRLs. This is the first report that highlights the occurrence of antimicrobial residues marketed raw milk for human consumption in Palestine.
{"title":"Detection of β-lactams and Tetracyclines Antimicrobial Residues in Raw Dairy Milk for Human Consumption in Palestine","authors":"Ibrahim Mahmoud Al Zuheir","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I3.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I3.266","url":null,"abstract":"Milk and milk products are among the most important daily consumed foodstuffs. The quality and safety of raw milk for human consumption in developed countries is not adequately monitored. The lack of studies about the antimicrobial residues in milk keeps this vital topic under observation. In this brief study, 34 raw dairy milk samples were tested for detection of antimicrobial residues of β-lactams and tetracyclines above Maximum Residual Limits (MRLs). Rapid screening test, IDEXX Snap test kit was used in this study. Eighteen samples were tested for β-lactams residues, of which 22.2 % (4 of 18) appeared to be above MRLs. Sixteen samples tested for tetracycline of which 18.7 % (3 of 16) were above MRLs. This is the first report that highlights the occurrence of antimicrobial residues marketed raw milk for human consumption in Palestine.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"277-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The absences or insufficient food control program result in the occurrence of mycotoxin in milk and milk products, which poses a serious risk for humans and can be a public health concern. This study was conducted to highlight the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Palestine raw milk collected at farms from Tulkarm, Nablus and Jenin. Aflatoxin M1 was determined by direct competitive ELISA technique. 85 % (34 of 40) of the total examined raw milk samples tested were positive. The aflatoxin M1 contamination levels were between 3 - 80 ppt with a mean of 29.57 ppt. There was a high incidence rate with 92 % (11 of 12) and the highest means of contaminated with aflatoxin M1 in the samples tested in Tulkarm city (P ≤ 0.05). 20 % of the analyzed samples (8 of 40) exceeded the maximum permissible limit (50 ppt) in European Codex, with a range of 2 - 80 ppt.
{"title":"Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk for Human Consumption in Palestinian","authors":"Ibrahim Mahmoud Al Zuheir, J. A. Omar","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I3.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I3.220","url":null,"abstract":"The absences or insufficient food control program result in the occurrence of mycotoxin in milk and milk products, which poses a serious risk for humans and can be a public health concern. This study was conducted to highlight the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Palestine raw milk collected at farms from Tulkarm, Nablus and Jenin. Aflatoxin M1 was determined by direct competitive ELISA technique. 85 % (34 of 40) of the total examined raw milk samples tested were positive. The aflatoxin M1 contamination levels were between 3 - 80 ppt with a mean of 29.57 ppt. There was a high incidence rate with 92 % (11 of 12) and the highest means of contaminated with aflatoxin M1 in the samples tested in Tulkarm city (P ≤ 0.05). 20 % of the analyzed samples (8 of 40) exceeded the maximum permissible limit (50 ppt) in European Codex, with a range of 2 - 80 ppt.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a simple and efficient analysis technique, Hankel-Pade method, is proposed to find the solution of anonlinear ordinary differential equation that appears in the studyof the steady flow of the third-grade fluid in a porous halfspace. The numerical solutions for some cases of the model'sparameters are obtained by using Hankel-Pade method. Theconvergence of the Hankel sequences is analyzed. Comparison toother available results for these problems reveals reliability andhigh accuracy of the proposed technique. Also the simpleanalytical expressions of the solutions of the governingnon-linear boundary-layer problems are developed as rationalapproximation solutions. The effectivity and convergence of therational approximation solutions are investigated by theillustrative graphs and tables.
{"title":"An Accurate Solution for the Steady Flow of Third-Grade Fluid in a Porous Half Space","authors":"S. Abbasbandy, H. R. Ghehsareh, I. Hashim","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I2.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I2.248","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a simple and efficient analysis technique, Hankel-Pade method, is proposed to find the solution of anonlinear ordinary differential equation that appears in the studyof the steady flow of the third-grade fluid in a porous halfspace. The numerical solutions for some cases of the model'sparameters are obtained by using Hankel-Pade method. Theconvergence of the Hankel sequences is analyzed. Comparison toother available results for these problems reveals reliability andhigh accuracy of the proposed technique. Also the simpleanalytical expressions of the solutions of the governingnon-linear boundary-layer problems are developed as rationalapproximation solutions. The effectivity and convergence of therational approximation solutions are investigated by theillustrative graphs and tables.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aggregate stability tends to give a better availability of soil water. Clay dispersion makes the soil dense, difficult for root penetration. The better understanding of these two soil properties is necessary to evaluate the suitability of soils for plant production. We collected soil samples from 10 sites from the southeast coast and northeast plateau of Thailand, at upper (0 - 5 cm depth) and lower (5 - 20 cm depth) levels for under udic and ustic Oxisols soil samples. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of major aggregate binding agents such as soil organic carbon (SOC), Fe and Al oxides, clay minerals and kaolin crystal size to the stability of soil aggregates. Soils were acidic (pH < 6.5), low to medium cation exchange capacity (3.34 - 14.40 cmol kg -1 ), SOC ranged from 2.08 - 4.56 % for udic and 1.11 - 1.56 % for ustic soils. The udic soils showed higher contents of crystalline, non-crystalline, and organic forms of Fe and Al than those for ustic soils. The mean coherently scatterings domain (CSD) values for kaolin crystal size were 115 and 152 nm for udic and ustic soils, respectively. The mean water dispersible clay (WDC), water dispersible silt (WDSi), and dispersion ratio (DR) were 92, 43 g kg -1 , and 0.17 for udic soils, and 218, 45 g kg -1 , and 0.30 for ustic soils, respectively. Mean weight diameters (MWD) were 1.01 and 0.62 mm for udic and ustic soils, respectively. The clay flocculation index (CFI) and aggregated silt and clay (ASC) were 0.83 and 650 g kg -1 for udic soils and 0.66 and 619 g kg -1 for ustic soils. The SOC, non-crystalline, organic form of Fe and Al oxides, and crystalline Al oxide showed positive correlation to MWD and CFI. A negative correlation between crystal size of kaolin and aggregate stability was found. Graphical abstract
团聚体稳定性倾向于提供更好的土壤水分。粘土分散使土壤致密，根系难以渗透。更好地了解这两种土壤性质是评价土壤适合植物生产的必要条件。我们在泰国东南沿海和东北高原的10个地点采集了土壤样本，在上(0 - 5 cm)和下(5 - 20 cm)水平上采集了udic和ustic Oxisols土壤样本。研究了土壤有机碳(SOC)、铁和铝氧化物、粘土矿物和高岭土晶粒尺寸等团聚体结合力对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响。土壤呈酸性(pH < 6.5)，阳离子交换容量低至中等(3.34 ~ 14.40 cmol kg -1)，土壤有机碳含量为2.08 ~ 4.56%，土壤有机碳含量为1.11 ~ 1.56%。乌迪克土壤中铁、铝的结晶、非结晶和有机形态含量均高于乡村土壤。高岭土晶体尺寸的平均相干散射域(CSD)值分别为115 nm和152 nm。水分散粘土(WDC)、水分散粉土(WDSi)和分散比(DR)的平均值分别为92、43 g kg -1和0.17，土壤为218、45 g kg -1和0.30。土壤和土壤的平均重径分别为1.01和0.62 mm。乌迪克土的粘土絮凝指数(CFI)和粉砂与粘土团聚指数(ASC)分别为0.83和650 g kg -1，乌迪克土为0.66和619 g kg -1。SOC、Fe、Al氧化物的非晶态、有机态以及Al氧化物的结晶态与MWD和CFI呈正相关。高岭土晶粒尺寸与骨料稳定性呈负相关。图形抽象
{"title":"Factors Contributing to the Clay Dispersion and Aggregate Stability of Thai Oxisols","authors":"P. Trakoonyingcharoen, R. Gilkes, K. Sangkhasila","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I1.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I1.204","url":null,"abstract":"Aggregate stability tends to give a better availability of soil water. Clay dispersion makes the soil dense, difficult for root penetration. The better understanding of these two soil properties is necessary to evaluate the suitability of soils for plant production. We collected soil samples from 10 sites from the southeast coast and northeast plateau of Thailand, at upper (0 - 5 cm depth) and lower (5 - 20 cm depth) levels for under udic and ustic Oxisols soil samples. The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of major aggregate binding agents such as soil organic carbon (SOC), Fe and Al oxides, clay minerals and kaolin crystal size to the stability of soil aggregates. Soils were acidic (pH < 6.5), low to medium cation exchange capacity (3.34 - 14.40 cmol kg -1 ), SOC ranged from 2.08 - 4.56 % for udic and 1.11 - 1.56 % for ustic soils. The udic soils showed higher contents of crystalline, non-crystalline, and organic forms of Fe and Al than those for ustic soils. The mean coherently scatterings domain (CSD) values for kaolin crystal size were 115 and 152 nm for udic and ustic soils, respectively. The mean water dispersible clay (WDC), water dispersible silt (WDSi), and dispersion ratio (DR) were 92, 43 g kg -1 , and 0.17 for udic soils, and 218, 45 g kg -1 , and 0.30 for ustic soils, respectively. Mean weight diameters (MWD) were 1.01 and 0.62 mm for udic and ustic soils, respectively. The clay flocculation index (CFI) and aggregated silt and clay (ASC) were 0.83 and 650 g kg -1 for udic soils and 0.66 and 619 g kg -1 for ustic soils. The SOC, non-crystalline, organic form of Fe and Al oxides, and crystalline Al oxide showed positive correlation to MWD and CFI. A negative correlation between crystal size of kaolin and aggregate stability was found. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytical approximate method for non-linear problems in heat transfer, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method, is employed to propose a new approach for the problem arising in heat transfer with a trigonometric nonlinearity. Numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results reveal that the method is very effective, straightforward and simple.
{"title":"A New Analytical Technique to Solve Some Equations Involving Trigonometric Nonlinearities","authors":"B. Ghanbari","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I2.232","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical approximate method for non-linear problems in heat transfer, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method, is employed to propose a new approach for the problem arising in heat transfer with a trigonometric nonlinearity. Numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results reveal that the method is very effective, straightforward and simple.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kanagaprabha, A. T. A. Meenaatci, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy, K. Iyakutti
First principles calculation were performed using Tight-binding LMTO method with Local density approximation (LDA) and Atomic sphere approximation (ASA) to understand the electronic properties of Nickel Hydride. The equilibrium geometries, the electronic band structure, the total and partial DOS are obtained under various pressures and are analyzed in comparison with the available experimental and theoretical data. The most stable structure of NiH is NaCl structure, NiH 2 is CaF 2 structure and NiH 3 is AlH 3 structure at normal pressure. Our result indicates that the maximum storage capacity achieved was 4.9% for NiH 3 . In particular there is a non occurrence of superconductivity in NiH. But an increase in Tc is predicted due to the addition of H atoms. The obtained Tc values for NiH 2 and NiH 3 are 5K and 10K respectively at normal pressure. Also, it is found that the Tc value increases as the pressure increases.
{"title":"First Principles Study of Electronic Structure, Structural Properties and Superconductivity of Nickel Hydride","authors":"S. Kanagaprabha, A. T. A. Meenaatci, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy, K. Iyakutti","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I2.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I2.231","url":null,"abstract":"First principles calculation were performed using Tight-binding LMTO method with Local density approximation (LDA) and Atomic sphere approximation (ASA) to understand the electronic properties of Nickel Hydride. The equilibrium geometries, the electronic band structure, the total and partial DOS are obtained under various pressures and are analyzed in comparison with the available experimental and theoretical data. The most stable structure of NiH is NaCl structure, NiH 2 is CaF 2 structure and NiH 3 is AlH 3 structure at normal pressure. Our result indicates that the maximum storage capacity achieved was 4.9% for NiH 3 . In particular there is a non occurrence of superconductivity in NiH. But an increase in Tc is predicted due to the addition of H atoms. The obtained Tc values for NiH 2 and NiH 3 are 5K and 10K respectively at normal pressure. Also, it is found that the Tc value increases as the pressure increases.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 and Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 composites with controllable acid loadings (5 - 15 wt% loading) were prepared by direct co-condensation sol-gel methods in the presence of triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD) having 93 % free fatty acids (FFA), a residual product from the refining of crude palm oil was investigated using these heterogeneous catalysts. The results demonstrated that under the same reaction conditions the catalytic activity of H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 was higher than Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 due to higher acidity. A study on effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount has been performed. The FAME content was 96.7 % at a temperature of 85 °C, 15 h reaction time, a molar ratio of methanol to PFAD at 12:1 and catalyst 15 wt% based on PFAD. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate using tungstophosphoric acid- and Cs-salt immobilized-silica.","authors":"W. Trakarnpruk","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I1.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I1.219","url":null,"abstract":"H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 and Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 composites with controllable acid loadings (5 - 15 wt% loading) were prepared by direct co-condensation sol-gel methods in the presence of triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer. Biodiesel production from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD) having 93 % free fatty acids (FFA), a residual product from the refining of crude palm oil was investigated using these heterogeneous catalysts. The results demonstrated that under the same reaction conditions the catalytic activity of H 3 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 was higher than Cs 1.5 H 1.5 PW 12 O 40 /SiO 2 due to higher acidity. A study on effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount has been performed. The FAME content was 96.7 % at a temperature of 85 °C, 15 h reaction time, a molar ratio of methanol to PFAD at 12:1 and catalyst 15 wt% based on PFAD. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68185563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a new fifth-order family of methods free from second derivative is obtained. The new iterative family contains the King’s, which is one of the most well-known family of methods for solving nonlinear equations, and some other known methods as its particular case. To illustrate the efficiency and performance of proposed family, several numerical examples are presented. Numerical results illustrate better efficiency and performance of the presented methods in comparison with the other compared fifth-order methods. Therefore, the proposed family can be effectively used for solving nonlinear equations.
{"title":"A General Family of Fifth-Order Methods for Finding Simple Roots of Nonlinear Equations","authors":"B. Ghanbari","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I2.235","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new fifth-order family of methods free from second derivative is obtained. The new iterative family contains the King’s, which is one of the most well-known family of methods for solving nonlinear equations, and some other known methods as its particular case. To illustrate the efficiency and performance of proposed family, several numerical examples are presented. Numerical results illustrate better efficiency and performance of the presented methods in comparison with the other compared fifth-order methods. Therefore, the proposed family can be effectively used for solving nonlinear equations.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"141-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis has been carried out to examine the two-dimensional and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of thixotropic fluid over a stretched surface. The thermal radiation effect in the heat transfer is considered when the thermal conductivity is not constant. Conservation of mass, momentum and energy leads to the governing partial differential equations of the present study. The resulting equations are solved for convergent series solutions. Numerical values of the skin-friction coefficient are presented and analyzed.
{"title":"MHD Flow of Thixotropic Fluid with Variable Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Radiation","authors":"T. Hayat, S. Shehzad, S. Asghar","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V10I1.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V10I1.208","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis has been carried out to examine the two-dimensional and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of thixotropic fluid over a stretched surface. The thermal radiation effect in the heat transfer is considered when the thermal conductivity is not constant. Conservation of mass, momentum and energy leads to the governing partial differential equations of the present study. The resulting equations are solved for convergent series solutions. Numerical values of the skin-friction coefficient are presented and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68182125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Goodarzi, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, A. Basiriparsa
In this paper, the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) and differential transform method (DTM) were applied to solve the problem of 2D vapor flow in flat plate heat pipes. The governing partial differential equations for this problem were reduced to a non-linear ordinary differential equation, and then non-dimensional velocity profiles and axial pressure distributions along the entire length of the heat pipe were obtained using homotopy analysis, differential transform, and numerical fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The reliability of the two analytical methods was examined by comparing the analytical results with numerical ones. A brief discussion about the advantages of the two applied analytical methods relative to each other is presented. Furthermore, the effects of the Reynolds number and the ratio of condenser to evaporator lengths on the flow variables were discussed. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Analytical and Numerical Solutions of Vapor Flow in a Flat Plate Heat Pipe","authors":"M. Goodarzi, Mohammad Mehdi Rashidi, A. Basiriparsa","doi":"10.2004/WJST.V9I1.236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2004/WJST.V9I1.236","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the optimal homotopy analysis method (OHAM) and differential transform method (DTM) were applied to solve the problem of 2D vapor flow in flat plate heat pipes. The governing partial differential equations for this problem were reduced to a non-linear ordinary differential equation, and then non-dimensional velocity profiles and axial pressure distributions along the entire length of the heat pipe were obtained using homotopy analysis, differential transform, and numerical fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The reliability of the two analytical methods was examined by comparing the analytical results with numerical ones. A brief discussion about the advantages of the two applied analytical methods relative to each other is presented. Furthermore, the effects of the Reynolds number and the ratio of condenser to evaporator lengths on the flow variables were discussed. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":38275,"journal":{"name":"Walailak Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"65-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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