Roghayeh Zahedian Tejeneki, S. Mojaverian, S. A. H. Yekani
hoosing the appropriate site is important in the construction of units such as agricultural processing industries. In this study, we try to determine the factors affecting the exploitation of the agricultural processing industries and measure the share of location as one of the important issues in locating research. The 2572 data were collected from the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Mazandaran province. The two-level Logit model was used as the estimation method. The results showed that the variables of cooperative ownership, planned capacity, unit area, industrial parks, and livestock and Horticultural activities harm the exploitation, and the variables of the capital and fishery activity have a positive effect on the exploitation. Also, the construction site explains on average 1.2% of the observed deviation, which is not explained by independent variables in the model. The share of the worst and the best location in terms of spatial characteristics are 0.2 and 4.6%. The low share of the site in exploitation can be due to the right choice of location by investors or the proximity of the cities of Mazandaran province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve other factors affecting the construction of the Agricultural processing industries in the Mazandaran.
{"title":"The Role of Location on Exploitation of Agricultural Businesses in Mazandaran province (Case Study: Agricultural Processing Industry)","authors":"Roghayeh Zahedian Tejeneki, S. Mojaverian, S. A. H. Yekani","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77648","url":null,"abstract":"hoosing the appropriate site is important in the construction of units such as agricultural processing industries. In this study, we try to determine the factors affecting the exploitation of the agricultural processing industries and measure the share of location as one of the important issues in locating research. The 2572 data were collected from the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Mazandaran province. The two-level Logit model was used as the estimation method. The results showed that the variables of cooperative ownership, planned capacity, unit area, industrial parks, and livestock and Horticultural activities harm the exploitation, and the variables of the capital and fishery activity have a positive effect on the exploitation. Also, the construction site explains on average 1.2% of the observed deviation, which is not explained by independent variables in the model. The share of the worst and the best location in terms of spatial characteristics are 0.2 and 4.6%. The low share of the site in exploitation can be due to the right choice of location by investors or the proximity of the cities of Mazandaran province. Therefore, it is necessary to improve other factors affecting the construction of the Agricultural processing industries in the Mazandaran.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"763-791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A philosophical and aesthetic view to the relationship between art and the economical options or the blending of reason and imagination in the field of relationship between ideas of art and the evolution of economics hasn’t been under survey so far; while this kind of attitude to “art economics” has concerned lots of importance. Usually, in surveying of subjects related to “art economy”, valuating of artworks and the subjects related to the artistic – cultural products representation has been picked a lot of attention. In addition, in subjects related to art economy, paying attention to the works of economic of every artworks art is been concerned in an artistic field which created by such a complicated organization of artistic – cultural – economic and social actors and the media, interpreters, expositive distributers, users, government and private organizations and so on has a specific function in it. But the artist’s aesthetic perspective to the audience in creating different genres and styles by paying attention to his/her own taste in creating an artistic style which end to look deeply in “culture” and intensifies “the economical – social development” and finally, creates “relationship between art and economics ideology and their mutual effects on each other on the aesthetic perspective”, hasn’t been under survey.[1] In this article I have been tried by involving imagination and mind around the relationship between “impressionism” and “economics”, clarify its blind corners on the aspect of “aesthetic”. In addition, the focus was on this which to determine the relationship between mind and economical options on the impressionism ideology and to reveal its relationship with economics evolution. The goal of this study is that so I could eventually and step by step, manifest the unclear layers of mind or paradigms dominated on economics theories and its intellectual and cultural frames on the ideology of artistic impressionism with such an aesthetic vision. [1]- Rahimi Boroujerdi, Alireza, "Aesthetics of Economics Or An Aesthetics View to the Revolution of Economic Man’s Thoughts & Conducts From Ancient Greece To New Era", Donyaye Eghtesad Pub., 2016
{"title":"An Aesthetic View to the Relationship between Art and Economical Options or Theoretical Analysis of “Art Economics” through the “Impressionism” Perspective","authors":"A. Boroujerdi","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77272","url":null,"abstract":"A philosophical and aesthetic view to the relationship between art and the economical options or the blending of reason and imagination in the field of relationship between ideas of art and the evolution of economics hasn’t been under survey so far; while this kind of attitude to “art economics” has concerned lots of importance. Usually, in surveying of subjects related to “art economy”, valuating of artworks and the subjects related to the artistic – cultural products representation has been picked a lot of attention. In addition, in subjects related to art economy, paying attention to the works of economic of every artworks art is been concerned in an artistic field which created by such a complicated organization of artistic – cultural – economic and social actors and the media, interpreters, expositive distributers, users, government and private organizations and so on has a specific function in it. But the artist’s aesthetic perspective to the audience in creating different genres and styles by paying attention to his/her own taste in creating an artistic style which end to look deeply in “culture” and intensifies “the economical – social development” and finally, creates “relationship between art and economics ideology and their mutual effects on each other on the aesthetic perspective”, hasn’t been under survey.[1] In this article I have been tried by involving imagination and mind around the relationship between “impressionism” and “economics”, clarify its blind corners on the aspect of “aesthetic”. In addition, the focus was on this which to determine the relationship between mind and economical options on the impressionism ideology and to reveal its relationship with economics evolution. The goal of this study is that so I could eventually and step by step, manifest the unclear layers of mind or paradigms dominated on economics theories and its intellectual and cultural frames on the ideology of artistic impressionism with such an aesthetic vision. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000[1]- Rahimi Boroujerdi, Alireza, \"Aesthetics of Economics Or An Aesthetics View to the Revolution of Economic Man’s Thoughts & Conducts From Ancient Greece To New Era\", Donyaye Eghtesad Pub., 2016","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41416812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the question of whether the inflow of migrant remittances causes Dutch Disease or not in India. For this purpose, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to examine the influence of migrant remittances on the real effective exchange rate spanning the period of 1975 to 2018. On the long-run, the study finds the positive relationship between migrants’ remittances and the real effective exchange rate, meaning that evidence of Dutch Disease risk in India. The study also checks the moderating effect of inflation on remittances and real effective exchange rate relationship and find a negative effect. The study recommends that the government of India would implement and design the policies for the diversification of remittances flow toward priority areas of investment.
{"title":"Migrant Remittances and Dutch Disease: Evidence from India","authors":"M. Faheem, M. Azali, Lee Chin, N. Mazlan","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77271","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the question of whether the inflow of migrant remittances causes Dutch Disease or not in India. For this purpose, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to examine the influence of migrant remittances on the real effective exchange rate spanning the period of 1975 to 2018. On the long-run, the study finds the positive relationship between migrants’ remittances and the real effective exchange rate, meaning that evidence of Dutch Disease risk in India. The study also checks the moderating effect of inflation on remittances and real effective exchange rate relationship and find a negative effect. The study recommends that the government of India would implement and design the policies for the diversification of remittances flow toward priority areas of investment.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43951537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coincidence of banking and currency crises since the 1990s has attracted the attention of many economists to the causal relationship between these them. The aim of the current paper is to determine the potential indicators of banking and current crises and also, their causality in the Iranian economy during the 1980-2018 period. For this purpose, we first examine different developments in the Iranian economy over the last four decades. Then, two types of variables including multi-categorical and dummy variables are extracted from exchange market pressure index (EMPI) and money market pressure index (MMPI). From the empirical results, we found that the two crises could occur closely together in the same periods. According to the Ordered Logit and Logit model, the results showed that the impact of the currency crises on banking crises was positive and statistically significant, but banking crises did not lead to currency crises when banking crises were peroxide as the dependent variable. Also, granger causality test showed that there was some one-way causality from EMPI to MMPI.
{"title":"The Twin Crises in Iranian Economy and Its Determination during 1980-2018","authors":"Davoud Mahmoudinia, L. Borhani","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77273","url":null,"abstract":"The coincidence of banking and currency crises since the 1990s has attracted the attention of many economists to the causal relationship between these them. The aim of the current paper is to determine the potential indicators of banking and current crises and also, their causality in the Iranian economy during the 1980-2018 period. For this purpose, we first examine different developments in the Iranian economy over the last four decades. Then, two types of variables including multi-categorical and dummy variables are extracted from exchange market pressure index (EMPI) and money market pressure index (MMPI). From the empirical results, we found that the two crises could occur closely together in the same periods. According to the Ordered Logit and Logit model, the results showed that the impact of the currency crises on banking crises was positive and statistically significant, but banking crises did not lead to currency crises when banking crises were peroxide as the dependent variable. Also, granger causality test showed that there was some one-way causality from EMPI to MMPI.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43812096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rezagholizadeh, C.-Y. Cynthia Lin Lawell, K. Yavari
The Tehran stock market has played an important role in Iran’s economic growth. This paper examines the factors that affect stock returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In particular, we analyze the conditional relationship between risk and return in Iran by estimating the relationship between various sources of risk -market risk, oil price risk, exchange rate risk, gold price risk, inflation risk, skewness, and kurtosis - and the stock return in the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period March 2005 to March 2019. The methodology used in this paper is a multi-factor model which allows the impact of the risk factors to have asymmetric effects depending on whether returns for the respective risk factor are increasing or decreasing. We analyze the risk-return relationship for four groups of industries: the top ten industries by market cap, the five largest energy-consuming industries, the four major export industries, and the four major import industries. We find significant conditional relationships between risk and return for all the risk factors considered.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Conditional Relationship between Risk and Return in Iran Stock Market","authors":"M. Rezagholizadeh, C.-Y. Cynthia Lin Lawell, K. Yavari","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77208","url":null,"abstract":"The Tehran stock market has played an important role in Iran’s economic growth. This paper examines the factors that affect stock returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In particular, we analyze the conditional relationship between risk and return in Iran by estimating the relationship between various sources of risk -market risk, oil price risk, exchange rate risk, gold price risk, inflation risk, skewness, and kurtosis - and the stock return in the Tehran Stock Exchange over the period March 2005 to March 2019. The methodology used in this paper is a multi-factor model which allows the impact of the risk factors to have asymmetric effects depending on whether returns for the respective risk factor are increasing or decreasing. We analyze the risk-return relationship for four groups of industries: the top ten industries by market cap, the five largest energy-consuming industries, the four major export industries, and the four major import industries. We find significant conditional relationships between risk and return for all the risk factors considered.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49615224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since late 19th century social sciences have been stuck within the deterministic views of natural sciences. Getting further away from the real nature of human being, social sciences have been explaining the imaginary world of the scientists. In economics, homo economicus plays the leading role in the imaginary world of economists. However, recently this dream world of economists has been greatly distressed with the development of behavioral economics. Behavioral economics has opened the door for real world investigations not only for economics but also for other social science disciplines. So today is the right time to talk about the reality of religion and economics. In fact, for defending an idea, generally the righteousness of the time is more important than the righteousness of the idea itself. This study is prepared in order to make emphasis on the complementary relationship between religion and science in broad terms but specifically between Islam and economics. With a historical point of view, this study bases the main idea on three hypotheses from three books. First book is Frank M. Turner’s European Intellectual History. Second hypothesis is depended on the Tomas Sedlacek’s Economics of Good and Evil. Last but not least book is the Fukuyama’s End of History and the Last Man. At the final part of the study, based on these three hypotheses, there will be suggested Islamic solutions for behavioral problems in economics.
{"title":"Islamic Solutions for Behavioral Problems in Economy","authors":"Mustafa Kiliç, Mehmet Çanakçı","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77209","url":null,"abstract":"Since late 19th century social sciences have been stuck within the deterministic views of natural sciences. Getting further away from the real nature of human being, social sciences have been explaining the imaginary world of the scientists. In economics, homo economicus plays the leading role in the imaginary world of economists. However, recently this dream world of economists has been greatly distressed with the development of behavioral economics. Behavioral economics has opened the door for real world investigations not only for economics but also for other social science disciplines. So today is the right time to talk about the reality of religion and economics. In fact, for defending an idea, generally the righteousness of the time is more important than the righteousness of the idea itself. This study is prepared in order to make emphasis on the complementary relationship between religion and science in broad terms but specifically between Islam and economics. With a historical point of view, this study bases the main idea on three hypotheses from three books. First book is Frank M. Turner’s European Intellectual History. Second hypothesis is depended on the Tomas Sedlacek’s Economics of Good and Evil. Last but not least book is the Fukuyama’s End of History and the Last Man. At the final part of the study, based on these three hypotheses, there will be suggested Islamic solutions for behavioral problems in economics.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper re-examines money demand function in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its sub-regions with annual time series spanning between 1980 and 2017. Panel homogeneous Autoregressive Distributed Lag, panel co-integration tests, and Dumitrescu & Hurlin panel causality test were employed for analysis. The empirical results showed the existence of a co-integrating relation of money demand and its determinants in SSA and its sub-regions respectively. The results also indicated divergence in terms of short-run determinants, long-run determinants and error correction due to shocks across the sub-regions respectively. The causality test revealed a bi-causal relationship between money demand and its determinants in SSA economies, however, there was divergence in the causality results across the sub-regions respectively. We conclude that price level is the major driver of money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper, therefore, recommends that governments in SSA economies should employ policies that can enhance price stabilisation; which will consequently lead to money demand stability in the whole region.
{"title":"Money Demand Function: A Re-assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"A. Odeleye, Darlington Uzoma Akam","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77207","url":null,"abstract":"The paper re-examines money demand function in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its sub-regions with annual time series spanning between 1980 and 2017. Panel homogeneous Autoregressive Distributed Lag, panel co-integration tests, and Dumitrescu & Hurlin panel causality test were employed for analysis. The empirical results showed the existence of a co-integrating relation of money demand and its determinants in SSA and its sub-regions respectively. The results also indicated divergence in terms of short-run determinants, long-run determinants and error correction due to shocks across the sub-regions respectively. The causality test revealed a bi-causal relationship between money demand and its determinants in SSA economies, however, there was divergence in the causality results across the sub-regions respectively. We conclude that price level is the major driver of money demand in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper, therefore, recommends that governments in SSA economies should employ policies that can enhance price stabilisation; which will consequently lead to money demand stability in the whole region.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study empirically investigated the short run and long run effects of remittances on real exchange rate. Further, it examined the impact of remittances on resource movement from tradable to non-tradable sector in the CFA franc and non-CFA zones of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A panel based, Pooled Mean Group estimation technique was adopted to estimate the data collected from 1981 to 2018 for 26 SSA countries which comprises 15 non-CFA and 11 CFA countries. Both aggregate (SSA) and disaggregated (CFA franc and non-CFA) analyses were conducted. The data utilized were collected from the World Bank’s World Development Indicator and International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics data base. Evidence from the results indicated that remittances inflow led to real exchange rate appreciation in the CFA zone. However, the effect of remittances on real exchange rate in the non-CFA zone is not statistically significant. Further, while remittances caused shift of resources from tradable to non-tradable sector in CFA zone in the long run; there is no significant evidence that remittances would lead to resource movement from tradable to non-tradable sector in the non-CFA zone. Thus, in the CFA zone, effective policies need to be implemented to channel remittances towards investment in agriculture and industry (tradable sector) in order to reduce the negative impact of remittances in the sector.
{"title":"Remittances, Exchange Rates and Dutch Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"D. B. Olanipekun","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77212","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically investigated the short run and long run effects of remittances on real exchange rate. Further, it examined the impact of remittances on resource movement from tradable to non-tradable sector in the CFA franc and non-CFA zones of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A panel based, Pooled Mean Group estimation technique was adopted to estimate the data collected from 1981 to 2018 for 26 SSA countries which comprises 15 non-CFA and 11 CFA countries. Both aggregate (SSA) and disaggregated (CFA franc and non-CFA) analyses were conducted. The data utilized were collected from the World Bank’s World Development Indicator and International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics data base. Evidence from the results indicated that remittances inflow led to real exchange rate appreciation in the CFA zone. However, the effect of remittances on real exchange rate in the non-CFA zone is not statistically significant. Further, while remittances caused shift of resources from tradable to non-tradable sector in CFA zone in the long run; there is no significant evidence that remittances would lead to resource movement from tradable to non-tradable sector in the non-CFA zone. Thus, in the CFA zone, effective policies need to be implemented to channel remittances towards investment in agriculture and industry (tradable sector) in order to reduce the negative impact of remittances in the sector.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68438250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate poverty risk and inequality decomposition based on the education level of Iranian urban household heads in 2017. A logistic regression model is estimated with the poverty status of households as a dependent variable, a set of control variables (gender and age), and the education level of household heads as explanatory variables. We also use the Gini decomposition as an appropriate inequality decomposition for selected provinces. These provinces are categorized based on whether they are deprived or non-deprived provinces using the Council of Ministers guidelines. The findings show that the poverty risk of families in both deprived and non-deprived provinces as well as the country as a whole decrease when the education level of the household head increases. The marginal effect of the first level of education is higher than other levels. Therefore, one can conclude that Iran is more similar to less developed countries. We also show that being a male household head reduces the poverty risk of families in Iran, but the gender of household heads has no significant effect in the selected provinces. In addition, the poverty risk in higher age groups is lower than that of other age groups. Based on the Gini decomposition reports, the highest level of inequality is observed in Sistan and Baloochestan province which suffers from the highest level of unemployment and illiteracy rates in Iran. Finally, inequality decomposition confirms the crucial role of education in explaining inequality.
{"title":"Poverty Risk, Inequality Decomposition and Educational Level of Household Heads","authors":"R. Najarzadeh, A. Keikha, H. Heidari","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77211","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate poverty risk and inequality decomposition based on the education level of Iranian urban household heads in 2017. A logistic regression model is estimated with the poverty status of households as a dependent variable, a set of control variables (gender and age), and the education level of household heads as explanatory variables. We also use the Gini decomposition as an appropriate inequality decomposition for selected provinces. These provinces are categorized based on whether they are deprived or non-deprived provinces using the Council of Ministers guidelines. The findings show that the poverty risk of families in both deprived and non-deprived provinces as well as the country as a whole decrease when the education level of the household head increases. The marginal effect of the first level of education is higher than other levels. Therefore, one can conclude that Iran is more similar to less developed countries. We also show that being a male household head reduces the poverty risk of families in Iran, but the gender of household heads has no significant effect in the selected provinces. In addition, the poverty risk in higher age groups is lower than that of other age groups. Based on the Gini decomposition reports, the highest level of inequality is observed in Sistan and Baloochestan province which suffers from the highest level of unemployment and illiteracy rates in Iran. Finally, inequality decomposition confirms the crucial role of education in explaining inequality.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42267767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In spite of the massive revenue emanating from oil wealth, the successive government of Nigeria failed to give to its citizenry the dividend of democracy owing in large part to their inability to establish a market clearing situation because of inadequate linkage between the sources and the markets (transport infrastructures). An enquiry into the cause and potential solutions to the problems of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria informed the need to regress indices of fiscal vulnerability on the indicator of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria from 1986 through 2017 using the dynamic ordinary least squares regression technique. Results show that high-level fiscal vulnerability deters optimal government expenditure on transport infrastructure development in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that government should do more to block all leakages of fiscal revenues and subsequently ensure that more allocation is channelled into transporting infrastructure development because of its forward and backward linkages.
{"title":"Fiscal Vulnerability and Transport Infrastructure Development in Nigeria","authors":"I. Oseni, I. Adekunle, Ayomide Olayinka Ogunade","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.77206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.77206","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the massive revenue emanating from oil wealth, the successive government of Nigeria failed to give to its citizenry the dividend of democracy owing in large part to their inability to establish a market clearing situation because of inadequate linkage between the sources and the markets (transport infrastructures). An enquiry into the cause and potential solutions to the problems of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria informed the need to regress indices of fiscal vulnerability on the indicator of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria from 1986 through 2017 using the dynamic ordinary least squares regression technique. Results show that high-level fiscal vulnerability deters optimal government expenditure on transport infrastructure development in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that government should do more to block all leakages of fiscal revenues and subsequently ensure that more allocation is channelled into transporting infrastructure development because of its forward and backward linkages.","PeriodicalId":38289,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Economic Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46810700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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