M. Curtarelli, E. Alcântara, C. S. A. Araújo, J. Stech, João Antônio Lorenzzetti
The object of this work was to study the dynamics of evaporation in the Itumbiara reservoir, located in Central Brazil, using MODIS-derived water surface temperature (product MOD11A1) and meteorological data acquired over the water surface. The evaporation rates were derived from latent heat flux, estimated through a mass transfer model. The estimates were carried out for the period between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010. The results showed that evaporation rate tends to increase from January to September and then decrease from September to December. The evaporation rate reached values near 20 mm day -1 in Itumbiara
{"title":"Avaliação da dinâmica temporal da evaporação no reservatório de Itumbiara, GO, utilizando dados obtidos por sensoriamento remoto","authors":"M. Curtarelli, E. Alcântara, C. S. A. Araújo, J. Stech, João Antônio Lorenzzetti","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this work was to study the dynamics of evaporation in the Itumbiara reservoir, located in Central Brazil, using MODIS-derived water surface temperature (product MOD11A1) and meteorological data acquired over the water surface. The evaporation rates were derived from latent heat flux, estimated through a mass transfer model. The estimates were carried out for the period between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010. The results showed that evaporation rate tends to increase from January to September and then decrease from September to December. The evaporation rate reached values near 20 mm day -1 in Itumbiara","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"272-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johnny Harold Rojas Padilla, Mario Alejandro Pérez Rincón, T. Malheiros, C. A. M. Parra, Mariza Guimarães Prota, Raquel dos Santos
Brasil e Colombia sao ricos em agua, classificando como lideres mundiais no fornecimento de recursos hidricos. Apesar disso, ambos os paises tem problemas de escassez relativa desse vital recurso em areas onde ha grande concentracao de populacao e de atividades economicas. Em ambos os paises, por sua vez, o estabelecimento de politicas e normas juridicas ambientais tem longa tradicao. No entanto, embora haja disposicoes e instrumentos para a gestao da agua no nivel da bacia, estes desenvolvimentos nao necessariamente seguem o conceito da gestao integrada de recursos hidricos (GIRH). Como resultado, os dois paises tem aplicado em parte elementos de GIRH, mas com caracteristicas diferentes, tanto na sua estrutura, como na questao dos instrumentos implementados. Na Colombia, e o Governo, atraves das Autoridades Ambientais Regionais, que implementa as principais ferramentas de GIRH (concessoes, taxa pelo uso da agua, a taxa de poluicao, planos de bacia, etc.), sem participacao formal na sociedade civil. No Brasil, no entanto, a estrutura de gestao e ferramentas de GIRH sao descentralizadas e participativas. Sao os Comites de Bacia, entidades com participantes no governo estadual, municipios e usuarios, aqueles com maior peso na gestao da agua. No entanto, este modelo ainda nao esta implementado em todas as bacias hidrograficas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e comparar os aspectos institucionais e politicas de modelos de gestao da agua no Brasil e na Colombia em torno da aplicacao do conceito de gestao integrada dos recursos hidricos. Para este ultimo, trabalhou-se com um estudo de caso para cada pais em relacao bacia do rio Nima (Colombia) e Tiete-Jacare (Brasil).
{"title":"Comparative analysis of integrated water resources management models and instruments in South America: case studies in Brazil and Colombia","authors":"Johnny Harold Rojas Padilla, Mario Alejandro Pérez Rincón, T. Malheiros, C. A. M. Parra, Mariza Guimarães Prota, Raquel dos Santos","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","url":null,"abstract":"Brasil e Colombia sao ricos em agua, classificando como lideres mundiais no fornecimento de recursos hidricos. Apesar disso, ambos os paises tem problemas de escassez relativa desse vital recurso em areas onde ha grande concentracao de populacao e de atividades economicas. Em ambos os paises, por sua vez, o estabelecimento de politicas e normas juridicas ambientais tem longa tradicao. No entanto, embora haja disposicoes e instrumentos para a gestao da agua no nivel da bacia, estes desenvolvimentos nao necessariamente seguem o conceito da gestao integrada de recursos hidricos (GIRH). Como resultado, os dois paises tem aplicado em parte elementos de GIRH, mas com caracteristicas diferentes, tanto na sua estrutura, como na questao dos instrumentos implementados. Na Colombia, e o Governo, atraves das Autoridades Ambientais Regionais, que implementa as principais ferramentas de GIRH (concessoes, taxa pelo uso da agua, a taxa de poluicao, planos de bacia, etc.), sem participacao formal na sociedade civil. No Brasil, no entanto, a estrutura de gestao e ferramentas de GIRH sao descentralizadas e participativas. Sao os Comites de Bacia, entidades com participantes no governo estadual, municipios e usuarios, aqueles com maior peso na gestao da agua. No entanto, este modelo ainda nao esta implementado em todas as bacias hidrograficas. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e comparar os aspectos institucionais e politicas de modelos de gestao da agua no Brasil e na Colombia em torno da aplicacao do conceito de gestao integrada dos recursos hidricos. Para este ultimo, trabalhou-se com um estudo de caso para cada pais em relacao bacia do rio Nima (Colombia) e Tiete-Jacare (Brasil).","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"73-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Alcântara, M. Curtarelli, I. Ogashawara, J. Stech, A. Souza
Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers’ decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a ( ), water surface temperature (oC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (oC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L -1 ), electric conductivity (µS cm -1 ), wind speed (ms -1 ) and direction (o), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm -2 ) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites’ reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body. 1 − gL μ
水生系统环境监测是支持决策者和环境管理者决策的重要工具。长期、持续地收集环境数据是了解水生系统的基础。本文旨在介绍环境监测综合系统(SIMA)，这是一个长期时间序列系统，具有基于网络的湖泊和气象数据档案。SIMA测量了以下环境参数:叶绿素-a()、水面温度(oC)、热敏电阻柱温度(oC)、浊度(NTU)、pH、溶解氧浓度(mg L -1)、电导率(µS cm -1)、风速(ms -1)和风向(0)、相对湿度(%)、短波辐射(Wm -2)和气压(hPa)。数据以预先设定的时间间隔(1小时)收集，并通过卫星准实时传输给距采集点2500公里内的任何用户。迄今为止，SIMA浮标正在监测11个水力蓄水池。基本统计数据(均值和标准差)和一些参数的时间序列的一个例子显示在一个数据库与web访问。然而，由于数据采集频率高，传感器和卫星出现了问题。由于每个水生系统的环境特性，传感器出现了问题。水质传感器在酸性水体中迅速降解，使采集到的数据失效。当传感器被周生菌侵染时，数据也会失效。当卫星经过浮标天线时，会出现卫星接收系统数据的问题。然而，由于卫星星座位置的原因，一些内陆地区的数据传输没有完成。然而，水质和气象参数的综合系统是了解水生系统动态的重要工具。它还可用于创建水生系统的水动力学模型，以便研究对水体的气象影响。1−gL μ
{"title":"A system for environmental monitoring of hydroelectric reservoirs in Brazil","authors":"E. Alcântara, M. Curtarelli, I. Ogashawara, J. Stech, A. Souza","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental monitoring of aquatic systems is an important tool to support policy makers and environmental managers’ decisions. Long-term, continuous collection of environmental data is fundamental to the understanding of an aquatic system. This paper aims to present the integrated system for environmental monitoring (SIMA), a long-term temporal series system with a web-based archive for limnological and meteorological data. The following environmental parameters are measured by SIMA: chlorophyll-a ( ), water surface temperature (oC), water column temperature by a thermistor string (oC), turbidity (NTU), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration (mg L -1 ), electric conductivity (µS cm -1 ), wind speed (ms -1 ) and direction (o), relative humidity (%), shortwave radiation (Wm -2 ) and barometric pressure (hPa). The data were collected in a preprogrammed time interval (1 hour) and were transmitted by satellite in quasi-real time for any user within 2500 km of the acquisition point. So far, 11 hydroelectric reservoirs are being monitored with the SIMA buoy. Basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an example of the temporal series of some parameters were displayed at a database with web access. However, sensor and satellite problems occurred due to the high data acquisition frequency. Sensors problems occurred due to the environmental characteristics of each aquatic system. Water quality sensors rapidly degrade in acidic waters, rendering the collected data invalid. Data is also rendered invalid when sensors become infested with periphyton. Problems occur with the satellites’ reception of system data when satellites pass over the buoy antenna. However, the data transfer at some inland locations was not completed due to the satellite constellation position. Nevertheless, the integrated system of water quality and meteorological parameters is an important tool in understanding the aquatic system dynamic. It can also be used to create hydrodynamics models of the aquatic system to allow for the study of meteorological implications to the water body. 1 − gL μ","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"8 1","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.1088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70662451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha, Débora Cristina da Silva Lima, Priscila N. Brito, A. Cunha, Arialdo Martins da Silveira Júnior, D. C. Brito
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological mineral water parameters in the city of Macapa and verify their compliance with the legislation. The accepted legal standards for potable water for human consumption in Brazil are established by Board Resolution - RDC 274/2005 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) - which regulates mineral water and Ordinance 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health which defines minimum standards for drinking water. Water samples in 20 L bottles of three different trademarks acquired in six commercial localities were analyzed monthly. Physicochemical parameters were compared with those predicted in the legislation for turbidity, pH, nitrate, iron, manganese, aluminum, fluoride, and microbiological indicators such as total coliform and Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the pH was often below the limit allowed by public supply. Deviation from the recommended concentration was most exceeded for aluminum, presenting values significantly high to the standards allowed in two trademarks. Fluoride concentrations were close to zero, although the legislation recommends values between 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. The microbiological parameters in some localities and all trademarks registered total coliform, but Escherichia coli were present in only one sample. The mineral water consumed has been considered a safe product compared to other sources, but this study showed that the mineral water marketed in Macapa was often not in accordance with the law. Special attention is recommended for monitoring water quality in 20 L bottles.
{"title":"Qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de água mineral e padrões da legislação","authors":"Helenilza Ferreira Albuquerque Cunha, Débora Cristina da Silva Lima, Priscila N. Brito, A. Cunha, Arialdo Martins da Silveira Júnior, D. C. Brito","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.908","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological mineral water parameters in the city of Macapa and verify their compliance with the legislation. The accepted legal standards for potable water for human consumption in Brazil are established by Board Resolution - RDC 274/2005 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) - which regulates mineral water and Ordinance 518/2004 of the Ministry of Health which defines minimum standards for drinking water. Water samples in 20 L bottles of three different trademarks acquired in six commercial localities were analyzed monthly. Physicochemical parameters were compared with those predicted in the legislation for turbidity, pH, nitrate, iron, manganese, aluminum, fluoride, and microbiological indicators such as total coliform and Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the pH was often below the limit allowed by public supply. Deviation from the recommended concentration was most exceeded for aluminum, presenting values significantly high to the standards allowed in two trademarks. Fluoride concentrations were close to zero, although the legislation recommends values between 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. The microbiological parameters in some localities and all trademarks registered total coliform, but Escherichia coli were present in only one sample. The mineral water consumed has been considered a safe product compared to other sources, but this study showed that the mineral water marketed in Macapa was often not in accordance with the law. Special attention is recommended for monitoring water quality in 20 L bottles.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gonçalves, Diego De Souza Sardinha, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de Souza, A. L. B. Dibiazi, L. Godoy, F. D. Conceição
Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as aguas fluviais da bacia hidrografica do corrego Sao Simao (SP). Para isso, seis pontos de coleta foram estabelecidos e realizaram-se doze coletas de agua durante os meses de marco, maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2005, e janeiro, fevereiro e marco de 2006, analisando as seguintes variaveis: vazao, temperatura, turbidez, pH, condutividade, oxigenio dissolvido, alcalinidade, cloreto e solidos totais em suspensao. A simulacao do processo de autodepuracao foi realizada com o uso do modelo de Streeter-Phelps, o qual relaciona a variacao do deficit de oxigenio dissolvido com o perfil longitudinal do rio. As caracteristicas do corrego Sao Simao proximo a sua nascente ate a cidade de Sao Simao permitem concluir que ha pouca interferencia na sua qualidade. Porem, a falta de tratamento para o esgoto domestico na cidade de Sao Simao piora a qualidade da agua e intensifica o processo de degradacao do corrego Sao Simao. O modelo de Streeter & Phelps permitiu identificar as zonas de autodepuracao do corrego Sao Simao e indicou a necessidade de tratamento de esgotos em nivel primario, com eficiencia de 30%.
{"title":"Avaliação espaço-temporal da qualidade da água e simulação de autodepuração na bacia hidrográfica do córrego São Simão, SP","authors":"J. Gonçalves, Diego De Souza Sardinha, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de Souza, A. L. B. Dibiazi, L. Godoy, F. D. Conceição","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.894","url":null,"abstract":"Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as aguas fluviais da bacia hidrografica do corrego Sao Simao (SP). Para isso, seis pontos de coleta foram estabelecidos e realizaram-se doze coletas de agua durante os meses de marco, maio, junho, julho, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2005, e janeiro, fevereiro e marco de 2006, analisando as seguintes variaveis: vazao, temperatura, turbidez, pH, condutividade, oxigenio dissolvido, alcalinidade, cloreto e solidos totais em suspensao. A simulacao do processo de autodepuracao foi realizada com o uso do modelo de Streeter-Phelps, o qual relaciona a variacao do deficit de oxigenio dissolvido com o perfil longitudinal do rio. As caracteristicas do corrego Sao Simao proximo a sua nascente ate a cidade de Sao Simao permitem concluir que ha pouca interferencia na sua qualidade. Porem, a falta de tratamento para o esgoto domestico na cidade de Sao Simao piora a qualidade da agua e intensifica o processo de degradacao do corrego Sao Simao. O modelo de Streeter & Phelps permitiu identificar as zonas de autodepuracao do corrego Sao Simao e indicou a necessidade de tratamento de esgotos em nivel primario, com eficiencia de 30%.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Alvarenga, M. Martins, Luz Adriana Cuartas, Vinicius Alves Penteado, Alexandra Andrade
Monitoring programs of water quality and quantity are necessary to provide subsidies to assess the conditions of the watersheds and for decision making regarding to the management of water resources. This study analyzed the quality and quantity of waters of the Macacos stream watershed, a tributary of the Paraiba do Sul river, in Sao Paulo State, by monitoring the parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen at five sites in the watershed. The measurements of flow and height of water depth during dry and wet seasons of 2010 and 2011 allowed the construction of the "rating curve" in four points of water quality monitoring and to reconstruct the series of water flow in these seasons. The analysis results showed that there is indication of changes in water quality parameters due to the conservation practices adopted. The water temperature parameter was the most influenced by the seasonal variation in runoff. Several physical factors may have influenced the correlation of the other parameters with runoff, especially the different environmental recovery actions implemented in the study to achieve the sustainability of the water resources.
{"title":"Estudo da qualidade e quantidade da água em microbacia, afluente do rio Paraíba do Sul - São Paulo, após ações de preservação ambiental","authors":"L. A. Alvarenga, M. Martins, Luz Adriana Cuartas, Vinicius Alves Penteado, Alexandra Andrade","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.987","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring programs of water quality and quantity are necessary to provide subsidies to assess the conditions of the watersheds and for decision making regarding to the management of water resources. This study analyzed the quality and quantity of waters of the Macacos stream watershed, a tributary of the Paraiba do Sul river, in Sao Paulo State, by monitoring the parameters: temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen at five sites in the watershed. The measurements of flow and height of water depth during dry and wet seasons of 2010 and 2011 allowed the construction of the \"rating curve\" in four points of water quality monitoring and to reconstruct the series of water flow in these seasons. The analysis results showed that there is indication of changes in water quality parameters due to the conservation practices adopted. The water temperature parameter was the most influenced by the seasonal variation in runoff. Several physical factors may have influenced the correlation of the other parameters with runoff, especially the different environmental recovery actions implemented in the study to achieve the sustainability of the water resources.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"228-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to adapt a rapid river assessment protocols (RAP) to be used by elementary school children. The study was conducted in Ipameri, GO and the RAP was adapted for the evaluation of streams in the Cerrado biome. Based on two protocol models, the developed RAP included: physical parameters that affect the functioning of streams, language adapted to the educational level of elementary school and the presence of drawings that could facilitate the field application of RAP by the students. For consolidation of the adapted instrument, it was offered a monitoring workshop to 95 students from two public education institutions, and developed an analysis and interpretation of the pattern of responses obtained during the practical step of the workshop. The Bartlett and Levene tests revealed no statistical differences between the response patterns of the students, allowing to infer that the developed RAP was understandable by the evaluators. The application of the RAP was fast (20 to 40 minutes) and the students reported that the developed instrument helped them to familiarize with environmental issues. In addition, the monitoring workshop helped them to understand the instrument and the available illustrations facilitated the field evaluation. In addition, the students concluded that they have become aware of the issues related to the water resource preservation and also that participation in the environmental monitoring workshop allowed the appropriation of knowledge about the river system functioning. It was concluded that adapted RAP has been proved to be a useful and interesting tool for using in environmental education projects and programs.
{"title":"Adequação de um protocolo de avaliação rápida de rios para ser usado por estudantes do ensino fundamental","authors":"Ariane Guimarães, A. D. Rodrigues, G. Malafaia","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.996","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to adapt a rapid river assessment protocols (RAP) to be used by elementary school children. The study was conducted in Ipameri, GO and the RAP was adapted for the evaluation of streams in the Cerrado biome. Based on two protocol models, the developed RAP included: physical parameters that affect the functioning of streams, language adapted to the educational level of elementary school and the presence of drawings that could facilitate the field application of RAP by the students. For consolidation of the adapted instrument, it was offered a monitoring workshop to 95 students from two public education institutions, and developed an analysis and interpretation of the pattern of responses obtained during the practical step of the workshop. The Bartlett and Levene tests revealed no statistical differences between the response patterns of the students, allowing to infer that the developed RAP was understandable by the evaluators. The application of the RAP was fast (20 to 40 minutes) and the students reported that the developed instrument helped them to familiarize with environmental issues. In addition, the monitoring workshop helped them to understand the instrument and the available illustrations facilitated the field evaluation. In addition, the students concluded that they have become aware of the issues related to the water resource preservation and also that participation in the environmental monitoring workshop allowed the appropriation of knowledge about the river system functioning. It was concluded that adapted RAP has been proved to be a useful and interesting tool for using in environmental education projects and programs.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"241-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70670445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich, J. A. D. Silva, G. Barros, W. Borba, Fernando Ernesto Ucker, Cristian Vargas Foletto
Geralmente, o enterro do ser humano pode contribuir para a poluicao da agua subterrânea, quando do contato com o lixiviado gerado a partir da decomposicao dos corpos na zona nao saturada do subsolo. O monitoramento desse tipo de atividade foi realizado neste trabalho, que teve como objetivo a determinacao da qualidade da agua subterrânea em zona ocupada por cemiterio. Para isto, utilizou-se a tecnica de Espectrometria de Fluorescencia de Raios-X por Energia Dispersiva (EDXRF) para a caracterizacao quimica da agua subterrânea. Foram construidos cinco pocos de monitoramento, de acordo com os padroes brasileiros. Foi estimada a flutuacao do lencol freatico, a superficie potenciometrica e as concentracoes dos elementos calcio, cobre, ferro, fosforo e silicio. O Nivel da agua apresentou-se bastante superficial, variando entre 0,48 a 0,95 m no periodo seco. A concentracao de calcio variou entre 4,65 a 17,85 mg L-1, cobre entre 0,02 ± 0,29 mg L-1, ferro variou de 0,57 a 15,96 mg L-1, fosforo entre 12 a 13,98 mg L-1, e por ultimo o silicio, variando entre 35,55 a 79,12 mg L-1. Conclui-se que o uso da tecnica de EDXRF demonstrou ser rapida e eficiente para quantificacao de alguns constituintes em aguas subterrâneas coletadas em pocos de monitoramento sob a influencia de cemiterio em terreno silto-argiloso.
{"title":"Caracterização química da água subterrânea em área ocupada por cemitério: uso da técnica de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X por energia dispersiva (EDXRF)","authors":"Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich, J. A. D. Silva, G. Barros, W. Borba, Fernando Ernesto Ucker, Cristian Vargas Foletto","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.911","url":null,"abstract":"Geralmente, o enterro do ser humano pode contribuir para a poluicao da agua subterrânea, quando do contato com o lixiviado gerado a partir da decomposicao dos corpos na zona nao saturada do subsolo. O monitoramento desse tipo de atividade foi realizado neste trabalho, que teve como objetivo a determinacao da qualidade da agua subterrânea em zona ocupada por cemiterio. Para isto, utilizou-se a tecnica de Espectrometria de Fluorescencia de Raios-X por Energia Dispersiva (EDXRF) para a caracterizacao quimica da agua subterrânea. Foram construidos cinco pocos de monitoramento, de acordo com os padroes brasileiros. Foi estimada a flutuacao do lencol freatico, a superficie potenciometrica e as concentracoes dos elementos calcio, cobre, ferro, fosforo e silicio. O Nivel da agua apresentou-se bastante superficial, variando entre 0,48 a 0,95 m no periodo seco. A concentracao de calcio variou entre 4,65 a 17,85 mg L-1, cobre entre 0,02 ± 0,29 mg L-1, ferro variou de 0,57 a 15,96 mg L-1, fosforo entre 12 a 13,98 mg L-1, e por ultimo o silicio, variando entre 35,55 a 79,12 mg L-1. Conclui-se que o uso da tecnica de EDXRF demonstrou ser rapida e eficiente para quantificacao de alguns constituintes em aguas subterrâneas coletadas em pocos de monitoramento sob a influencia de cemiterio em terreno silto-argiloso.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"166-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Redin Vestena, Éderson Dias de Oliveira, M. C. Cunha, E. L. Thomaz
Knowledge of instream flow is of paramount importance to determine water availability for water resources management. This study estimated instream flow and evaluated water availability in the stretch of the Rio das Pedras, which supplies water to Guarapuava, a town in the mid-southern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Several different methods were employed to obtain instream flow, a reference discharge for water consumption permit, and the river regime. Methods comprised 7-day mean minimum with a 10-year return period, discharges associated to 95% and 90% permanence, yearly 7-day mean minimum discharge and basic water discharge. Discharge data were obtained from the meteorological station at
{"title":"Vazão ecológica e disponibilidade hídrica na bacia das Pedras, Guarapuava-PR","authors":"Leandro Redin Vestena, Éderson Dias de Oliveira, M. C. Cunha, E. L. Thomaz","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.840","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of instream flow is of paramount importance to determine water availability for water resources management. This study estimated instream flow and evaluated water availability in the stretch of the Rio das Pedras, which supplies water to Guarapuava, a town in the mid-southern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. Several different methods were employed to obtain instream flow, a reference discharge for water consumption permit, and the river regime. Methods comprised 7-day mean minimum with a 10-year return period, discharges associated to 95% and 90% permanence, yearly 7-day mean minimum discharge and basic water discharge. Discharge data were obtained from the meteorological station at","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"212-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70668843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Ernesto Ucker, R. A. Almeida, Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich
This study aimed to evaluate the Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in a constructed wetlands treatment system. The experimental unit had twelve treatment modules, filled with layers of substrate. From the bottom to the surface, the following materials were placed: 0.15 m of gravel # 3; 0.10 m of gravel # 1; 0.20 m of washed sand and 0.05 m of gravel # 1. Inside the modules, the wastewater was maintained at 0.05 m or 0.25 m below the substrate surface, resulting in hydraulic retention times of 3.4 days and 1.9 days, respectively. The influent wastewater was captured in the entrance of a facultative pond, and it was applied to the surface of each treatment module, automatically, on a surface application rate of 51 L.m-2.d-1. The sewage percolated vertically in the system, in a sub-surface flow downward until it was captured in a drain pipe at the bottom of the module. The wastewater concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonium were analyzed before and after passing through the treatment modules. Evapotranspiration rates were measured and the efficiencies in removing the contaminant load were calculated. The results were submitted to F and Tukey tests, at 5% of probability. Treatment with the presence of the plant and sewage at 0.05 m from the surface had higher efficiency in the removal of nutrients reaching 90.5% of phosphorus removal and 93.9% for ammonia.
本研究旨在评价香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash)在人工湿地处理系统中对废水中氮磷的去除效果。实验单元有12个处理模块，其中填充了衬底层。从底部到表面，放置以下材料:0.15 m的3号砾石;1号砾石0.10 m;水洗砂0.20 m, 1号砾石0.05 m。在模块内，废水保持在基质表面以下0.05 m或0.25 m处，水力滞留时间分别为3.4天和1.9天。进水废水被捕获在一个临时池塘的入口，并自动应用于每个处理模块的表面，表面施用量为51 l - m-2 - d-1。污水在系统中垂直渗透，在地下向下流动，直到它被捕获在模块底部的排水管中。分析了处理前后废水中总磷和总铵的浓度。测量了蒸散速率，并计算了去除污染物负荷的效率。结果以5%的概率提交给F和Tukey测试。在离地表0.05 m的地方进行植物和污水处理，对营养物的去除率更高，磷去除率达到90.5%，氨去除率达到93.9%。
{"title":"Remoção de nitrogênio e fósforo do esgoto sanitário em um sistema de alagados construídos utilizando o capim vetiver","authors":"Fernando Ernesto Ucker, R. A. Almeida, Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich","doi":"10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4136/AMBI-AGUA.925","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in a constructed wetlands treatment system. The experimental unit had twelve treatment modules, filled with layers of substrate. From the bottom to the surface, the following materials were placed: 0.15 m of gravel # 3; 0.10 m of gravel # 1; 0.20 m of washed sand and 0.05 m of gravel # 1. Inside the modules, the wastewater was maintained at 0.05 m or 0.25 m below the substrate surface, resulting in hydraulic retention times of 3.4 days and 1.9 days, respectively. The influent wastewater was captured in the entrance of a facultative pond, and it was applied to the surface of each treatment module, automatically, on a surface application rate of 51 L.m-2.d-1. The sewage percolated vertically in the system, in a sub-surface flow downward until it was captured in a drain pipe at the bottom of the module. The wastewater concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonium were analyzed before and after passing through the treatment modules. Evapotranspiration rates were measured and the efficiencies in removing the contaminant load were calculated. The results were submitted to F and Tukey tests, at 5% of probability. Treatment with the presence of the plant and sewage at 0.05 m from the surface had higher efficiency in the removal of nutrients reaching 90.5% of phosphorus removal and 93.9% for ammonia.","PeriodicalId":38374,"journal":{"name":"Revista Ambiente e Agua","volume":"7 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70669998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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