SAE Technical Papers最新文献_第6页

Integration of Automatic Speed Reducers and Motion Stabilizers for Improved Turn Ability in Two-Wheelers 集成自动减速和运动稳定器以提高两轮车的转弯能力

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0120

Ragul S, Venkatesan Radhika Venugopal Jawahar, Rudra Venugopalan, Hariharan Sankarasubramanian

The operation of two-wheelers, or bikes, presents risks due to factors such as excessive speed, severe acceleration, and over-tilting, which may compromise the stability of the vehicle. This study proposes a solution to enhance ride safety and turn ability by integrating automatic speed reducers and a motion stabilizer, modelled using CATIA and designed from PVC material. The stabilizer is situated between the fork arms, holding a magnet, which initiates automatic braking when the magnet approaches the rim during a turn. We conducted three modes of testing, including no load and no angle, under magnetic load at zero angles, and under magnetic load at various angles in both lateral directions. Frequency data corresponding to the calculated speed was recorded using a spectrum analyzer, and we performed counterbalancing weight calculations to ensure stability. The results revealed a reduction in speed due to magnetic action. The objective was to design a setup that can be used for a safe two-wheeler ride while making a turn by reducing the speed. While it is true that the reduction in speed due to magnetic action in an Eddy current brake is an expected result, the unique contribution of our research lies in the application of this concept to enhance ride safety and turn ability in two-wheelers. This reduction in speed, although an expected outcome due to the magnetic action, was essential for improving stability and safety during turns. Future work will involve implementing this concept in a two-wheeler and conducting real-time testing while considering implementation challenges and reviewing relevant literature.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview段落">由于速度过快、加速过快和过度倾斜等因素，两轮车或自行车的运行存在风险，这些因素可能会损害车辆的稳定性。本研究提出了一种通过集成自动减速机和运动稳定器来提高驾驶安全性和转弯能力的解决方案，该方案采用CATIA建模，采用PVC材料设计。稳定器位于叉臂之间，握着一块磁铁，当磁铁在转弯时接近轮辋时，就会启动自动制动。我们进行了三种模式的测试，分别是空载无角、零角磁载、横向各角度磁载。使用频谱分析仪记录计算速度对应的频率数据，并进行平衡权重计算以确保稳定性。结果显示，由于磁力作用，速度降低了。我们的目标是设计一种装置，可以用于安全的两轮车骑行，同时通过降低速度来转弯。由于涡流制动器中的磁作用而导致的速度降低确实是预期的结果，但我们研究的独特贡献在于将这一概念应用于提高两轮车的行驶安全性和转向能力。这种速度的降低，虽然是由于磁作用的预期结果，但对于提高转弯时的稳定性和安全性至关重要。未来的工作将包括在两轮车上实现这一概念，并在考虑实现挑战和审查相关文献的同时进行实时测试。

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引用次数: 0

Development of Organic Reinforcement Composite Materials for Brake Pads 刹车片用有机增强复合材料的研制

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0069

G Jamuna Rani, Chaitanya Sai Teja Konda, Srivalli Gollamudi, Naveen Babu Lakshmipuram

Commercial brake pads are being wind down because of asbestos fibre which causes carcinogenic effect. By observing it is obligatory to analyse about the alternate materials for brake pads additionally there are heaps of alternatives for asbestos furthermore to develop an organic composite material for brake pads using organic fibers including grind orange peel and banana peel as the reinforcement material. Disparate alternatives for filler materials and different binders such as epoxy resin, phenolic resin and distinctive organic materials used to alter the material for asbestos fiber and studied miscellaneous possible formulations and their effect on the performance of the brake pads by varying the reinforcement composition from 20% - 30%, binding material from 30% - 40%, filler materials as 17.5%, friction modifiers as 22.5%, and fabricated the material for brake pads using grinded orange peel and banana peel as reinforcement further performed hardness test and wear test to compare results among samples. The hardness is greater for the composition R 25% + EP 35%. And the same composition has less wear. The optimum content of reinforcement is 25% and for epoxy resin is 35%. In comparison between composite materials made with orange peel powder and banana peel powder as reinforcement, the samples made with banana peel powder has better braking performance than samples made with orange peel powder.

<div class="section摘要"><div class="htmlview段落">商用刹车片因含有石棉纤维而被逐步淘汰，石棉纤维具有致癌作用。通过观察，有必要对刹车片的替代材料进行分析，此外，石棉的替代品有很多，此外，利用磨碎的橙皮和香蕉皮等有机纤维作为增强材料，开发一种刹车片的有机复合材料。不同的填充材料替代品和不同的粘结剂，如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂和独特的有机材料，用于改变石棉纤维的材料，并研究了各种可能的配方及其对刹车片性能的影响，通过改变增强成分从20%到30%，粘结材料从30%到40%，填充材料为17.5%，摩擦改进剂为22.5%，并以磨碎的橙皮和香蕉皮为增强剂制备刹车片材料，并进行硬度试验和磨损试验，对比样品间的结果。当组合物R为25% + EP为35%时硬度较大。同样的成分磨损更少。增强剂的最佳掺量为25%，环氧树脂的最佳掺量为35%。对比以橙皮粉和香蕉皮粉为增强剂的复合材料，以香蕉皮粉为增强剂的复合材料的制动性能优于以橙皮粉为增强剂的复合材料。</div></div>

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of Energy Absorption and Deformation Characteristics of Aluminium Crash Box with the Effect of Groove along with a Screw 考虑螺旋槽效应的铝碰撞箱吸能及变形特性优化

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0089

Vignesh SK, Jaikumar Mayakrishnan, Peter König

The Crash box is the mechanical component that absorbs the impact energy by axial deformation. When an accident occurs, energy absorption and deformation play a vital role in the Automobile safety aspects, and also grooves and triggers are the ones included in the crash box for axial folding and uniform deformation. Here in this research paper, the energy absorption of kinetic energy and deformation parameter is going to be compared with the crash box with the groove at different thicknesses, also the groove is added through the vertical axis along with axial crush occurs. The modeling is done in Hyper mesh 2021 and the simulation and result validation in LS Dyna. The primary goal of this research project is to increase the crash box’s efficiency and enhance the crashworthiness and the passive safety of the passenger vehicle. It is also observed that the groove plays a vital role in reducing the acceleration transmitted to the surrounding area. The box sleeve with screw run through the groove first which almost absorbs 20% of impact energy and the remaining will be absorbed during full axial folding of the crash box. The rupture will happen along with the failure of the grooves when the screw moves, thus improving the energy absorption in the crash box, this kind of screw-type crash box was also easy to replace after the collision. Further, this simulation result will be compared with the crash box without a groove. The improvisation of crashworthiness in the crumple zone of the passenger car is the primary goal of this research. The research findings provide a valuable reference for the design of crash box constructions.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview段落"> Crash box是通过轴向变形吸收冲击能量的机械部件。当发生事故时，能量吸收和变形对汽车安全起着至关重要的作用，而碰撞箱中包含的沟槽和触发器是用于轴向折叠和均匀变形的。在本文中，我们将对具有不同厚度槽的碰撞箱的动能吸收和变形参数进行比较，并在发生轴向挤压时通过垂直轴添加槽。在Hyper mesh 2021中进行建模，在LS Dyna中进行仿真和结果验证。本课题研究的主要目标是提高碰撞箱的效率，提高乘用车的耐撞性和被动安全性。还观察到凹槽在减少传递到周围区域的加速度方面起着至关重要的作用。带螺杆的箱套首先穿过槽，几乎吸收了20%的冲击能量，剩余的冲击能量将在碰撞箱的全轴向折叠时被吸收。当螺杆运动时，随着凹槽的失效而发生破裂，从而提高了碰撞箱内的能量吸收，这种螺杆式碰撞箱在碰撞后也易于更换。并将仿真结果与无槽碰撞箱进行比较。乘用车皱缩区耐撞性的即时性是本研究的主要目标。研究结果为碰撞箱结构的设计提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Investigations on Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Magnesium Alloy for Automobile Parts 汽车零部件用镁合金线切割加工的研究

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0155

Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Palanisamy D, V Kumar, Jothi Kiruthika, Vamsinath Polanki

Magnesium alloy, known for its high strength and lightweight properties, finds widespread utilization in various technical applications. Aerospace applications, such as fuselages and steering columns, are well-suited for their utilization. These materials are frequently employed in automotive components, such as steering wheels and fuel tank lids, due to their notable corrosion resistance. The performance of magnesium alloy components remains unimproved by normal manufacturing methods due to the inherent characteristics of the material. This work introduces a contemporary approach to fabricating complex geometries through the utilization of Wire-Electro Discharge Machining (WEDM). The material utilized in this study was magnesium alloy. The investigation also considered the input parameters associated with the Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) process, specifically the pulse duration and peak current. The findings of the study encompassed the material removal rate and surface roughness. Taguchi successfully employed a single aspect optimization technique to ascertain the ideal combination that would enhance the efficacy of the WEDM process. The findings of the investigation revealed that the proposed technique significantly improved the efficiency of the WEDM approach.

<div class="section摘要"><div class="htmlview段落">镁合金以其高强度和轻量化而著称，在各种技术应用中得到了广泛的应用。航空航天应用，如机身和操纵杆，非常适合它们的使用。由于具有显著的耐腐蚀性，这些材料经常用于汽车部件，如方向盘和油箱盖。由于镁合金材料的固有特性，用常规的制造方法无法提高镁合金部件的性能。这项工作介绍了一种当代的方法来制造复杂的几何形状，通过利用线切割加工(WEDM)。本研究使用的材料为镁合金。研究还考虑了与线切割加工(WEDM)工艺相关的输入参数，特别是脉冲持续时间和峰值电流。研究结果包括材料去除率和表面粗糙度。田口成功地利用单向优化技术确定了提高线切割加工效率的理想组合。研究结果表明，所提出的技术显著提高了电火花切割方法的效率。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of Tyre Ride Comfort Performance on Electric Vehicle 电动汽车轮胎平顺性研究

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0058

Jaiganesh Subbian, Saravanan M, Jeyakumar Krishnakumar, Pradeepkumar N

Over the last few years, the Electric Vehicle Market (EV’s) has experienced significant growth. One of the major challenges faced by electric vehicles is its tyre performance requirements. Reduced range, Increased vehicle weight, higher motor torque and absence of engine needs lower rolling resistance, higher load capacity, low tread wear & low noise tyre, respectively. All these demands will lower the ride comfort performance of the Electric Vehicle. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of tyre parameters on the ride comfort performance of EV’s. Tyre construction, tread compound and tyre pressure have a significant impact on the ride comfort performance. Tests like drive point mobility, modal analysis and cleat test are conducted experimentally as well as using virtual tools, the ride comfort performance of tyres is evaluated. The results show that tyre construction and inflation pressure have major influence on the ride comfort performance of EV tyres. Finally, the influence of tyre parameters on its ride comfort requirements without major compromise on other performances are identified.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview段落">在过去几年中，电动汽车市场(EV 's)经历了显著的增长。电动汽车面临的主要挑战之一是其轮胎性能要求。减少行驶里程，增加车辆重量，提高电机扭矩和没有发动机需要更低的滚动阻力，更高的负载能力，低胎面磨损。分别采用低噪音轮胎。这些需求都会降低电动汽车的乘坐舒适性。本研究的目的是研究轮胎参数对电动汽车平顺性的影响。轮胎结构、胎面化合物和轮胎压力对平顺性能有显著影响。通过试验和虚拟工具对轮胎进行了驱动点移动性、模态分析和清净测试，对轮胎的平顺性进行了评价。结果表明，轮胎结构和充气压力对电动汽车轮胎的平顺性有重要影响。最后，在不影响其他性能的前提下，确定了轮胎参数对平顺性要求的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Design of an Efficient Bidirectional Buck Boost Converter for V2G and G2V Operation in Electric Vehicles 用于电动汽车V2G和G2V工作的高效双向降压升压变换器设计

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0176

Uthra R, Swetaparna Jena, Salman Majeed, Janvhi Agarwal

Electric vehicles (EV) are an effective eco-friendly means of transportation due to the increased use of batteries for energy storage. Additionally, they connect with electricity grids by supplying power and managing the charging rate to achieve quicker charging times. Owing to their ability to operate in a Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode, electric vehicles can fulfil this task by supplying bidirectional power flow to tackle the various challenges associated with faster charging and introducing additional services to the grid. Maintaining a stable output voltage and current during the energy exchange process is a crucial factor in these systems. To overcome this challenge, the proposed system employs a bi-directional buck-boost converter (BBBC) with a sophisticated control strategy that considers the current State of Charge (SoC) of the storage system. This BBBC enables bidirectional energy transfer between the power grid and the vehicle's energy storage system, which is typically a battery. The output voltage and the corresponding current can be precisely regulated in accordance with the energy levels in the system using this strategy, ensuring a smooth and efficient energy exchange process.

<div class="section摘要"><div class="htmlview段落">由于越来越多地使用电池来存储能量，电动汽车(EV)是一种有效的环保交通工具。此外，它们通过供电和管理充电速率与电网连接，以实现更快的充电时间。由于能够在电网到车辆(G2V)和车辆到电网(V2G)模式下运行，电动汽车可以通过提供双向电流来解决与更快充电和向电网引入额外服务相关的各种挑战，从而完成这一任务。在能量交换过程中保持稳定的输出电压和电流是这些系统的关键因素。为了克服这一挑战，该系统采用了双向降压-升压转换器(BBBC)，并采用了复杂的控制策略，考虑了存储系统的当前充电状态(SoC)。这种BBBC可以在电网和车辆的能量存储系统(通常是电池)之间实现双向能量传输。使用该策略，可以根据系统中的能量等级精确调节输出电压和相应的电流，确保平稳高效的能量交换过程。

{"title":"Design of an Efficient Bidirectional Buck Boost Converter for V2G and G2V Operation in Electric Vehicles","authors":"Uthra R, Swetaparna Jena, Salman Majeed, Janvhi Agarwal","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0176","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Electric vehicles (EV) are an effective eco-friendly means of transportation due to the increased use of batteries for energy storage. Additionally, they connect with electricity grids by supplying power and managing the charging rate to achieve quicker charging times. Owing to their ability to operate in a Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) mode, electric vehicles can fulfil this task by supplying bidirectional power flow to tackle the various challenges associated with faster charging and introducing additional services to the grid. Maintaining a stable output voltage and current during the energy exchange process is a crucial factor in these systems. To overcome this challenge, the proposed system employs a bi-directional buck-boost converter (BBBC) with a sophisticated control strategy that considers the current State of Charge (SoC) of the storage system. This BBBC enables bidirectional energy transfer between the power grid and the vehicle's energy storage system, which is typically a battery. The output voltage and the corresponding current can be precisely regulated in accordance with the energy levels in the system using this strategy, ensuring a smooth and efficient energy exchange process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling and Simulation of Solar Powered Thermoelectric Generator for Electric Food Delivery Pick-Up Truck 电动送餐卡车用太阳能热电发电机的建模与仿真

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0096

Amjad Shaik, Suresh Devunuri, Pampadiga Jayanth, Srinivasa Rao Talluri

With the shift towards electric vehicles in the present world scenario, pick-up trucks play a significant role in providing much commercial and private transportation of goods. Focusing on the application of food delivery by electric pick-up trucks, by using solar powered thermoelectric generators, the food temperature and texture can be maintained that increases customer satisfaction. The power generated by the solar panels can be utilized for this purpose without increasing the load on the battery. Also, the additional solar energy that can be used to charge the battery is a way to increase efficiency and decrease the dependency on non-renewable sources. In this basic research, the electric powertrain mathematical model is developed in MATLAB and Simulink. Using the solar panel model the size of the solar panel needed in order to acquire the power needed to run the thermoelectric generator and charge the battery is calculated. The solar module is developed using a photovoltaic array and connected with a battery pack module and the parameters that determine the output of this subsystem are noted. Results revealed that thermoelectric generator needs 150 W power to keep the food hygienic and to compensate for this energy a 20 by 12 solar panel array with a 250 W power output is needed.

<div class="section摘要"><div class="htmlview段落">随着当今世界向电动汽车的转变，皮卡在提供许多商业和私人货物运输方面发挥着重要作用。专注于电动皮卡送餐的应用，通过使用太阳能热电发电机，可以保持食物的温度和质地，提高顾客的满意度。太阳能电池板产生的电力可以用于此目的，而不会增加电池的负载。此外，额外的太阳能可以用来给电池充电，这是一种提高效率和减少对不可再生能源依赖的方法。在此基础研究中，利用MATLAB和Simulink开发了电动动力总成的数学模型。利用太阳能电池板模型，计算了获得运行热电发电机和给电池充电所需的能量所需的太阳能电池板的尺寸。该太阳能组件采用光伏阵列开发，并与电池组模块连接，并说明了决定该子系统输出的参数。结果表明，热电发电机需要150w的功率来保持食品卫生，而为了补偿这些能量，需要一个输出功率为250w的20 × 12太阳能电池板阵列。

{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of Solar Powered Thermoelectric Generator for Electric Food Delivery Pick-Up Truck","authors":"Amjad Shaik, Suresh Devunuri, Pampadiga Jayanth, Srinivasa Rao Talluri","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0096","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">With the shift towards electric vehicles in the present world scenario, pick-up trucks play a significant role in providing much commercial and private transportation of goods. Focusing on the application of food delivery by electric pick-up trucks, by using solar powered thermoelectric generators, the food temperature and texture can be maintained that increases customer satisfaction. The power generated by the solar panels can be utilized for this purpose without increasing the load on the battery. Also, the additional solar energy that can be used to charge the battery is a way to increase efficiency and decrease the dependency on non-renewable sources. In this basic research, the electric powertrain mathematical model is developed in MATLAB and Simulink. Using the solar panel model the size of the solar panel needed in order to acquire the power needed to run the thermoelectric generator and charge the battery is calculated. The solar module is developed using a photovoltaic array and connected with a battery pack module and the parameters that determine the output of this subsystem are noted. Results revealed that thermoelectric generator needs 150 W power to keep the food hygienic and to compensate for this energy a 20 by 12 solar panel array with a 250 W power output is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IoT Integrated Advanced Mor-Sockets for Smart Devices 物联网集成高级智能设备接口

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0150

Rajarajeswari R, Suchitra D, Praveena V, Sriram Karthik

Internet of Thing (IoT) is the connecting network for applications like vehicles, smart devices, buildings etc., with the build in sensors to gather and share information for the user specific needs. The IoT platform offers prospects for a broad and direct integration of the manual world and the digital world by enabling things to be sensed and controlled remotely through existing network infrastructure. Self-contained programs can also be executed on it. This work projects on the integration of the IoT concept to the MOR-socket to manage, monitor and control the energy consumption of smart devices in a smart building. To achieve this, a simulation using Proteus 8.0 professional is made to obtain a virtual MOR-socket. This system is modeled with three prioritized loads of different current rating. The first priority load is the lighting load, second is the motor load and the final one is a load of higher current rating than the other two. The control and monitoring of these loads are performed through a IoT open source webpage (ADAFRUIT) by inculcating Demand Response (DR) strategies. The load connected are monitored and controlled in three modes such as automatic, manual and constraint mode. To facilitate the manual mode touch sensors are provided with each load and in automatic mode current consumption patterns are absorbed for remote connection and disconnection of devices using IoT during emergency and non-mandatory scenarios. In constraint mode the loads can be connected or disconnected based on the power consumption pattern of each load using sensors with a comparison made using a defined threshold value as per DR strategy. Thus the energy conservation during peak load duration is also achieved using MOR socket. A hardware setup for the same is made along with a temperature sensor along with power management for monitoring and curbing the building temperature and power usage.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">物联网(IoT)是车辆、智能设备、建筑等应用的连接网络，通过内置传感器收集和共享用户特定需求的信息。物联网平台通过现有的网络基础设施使事物能够被远程感知和控制，为人工世界和数字世界的广泛和直接集成提供了前景。自包含的程序也可以在其上执行。这项工作的项目是将物联网概念集成到mor插座中，以管理、监控和控制智能建筑中智能设备的能耗。为了实现这一点，使用Proteus 8.0 professional进行了仿真，以获得虚拟的mor套接字。该系统采用三个不同额定电流的优先负载进行建模。第一个优先负载是照明负载，第二个是电机负载，最后一个是比其他两个更高额定电流的负载。通过灌输需求响应(DR)策略，通过物联网开源网页(ADAFRUIT)对这些负载进行控制和监控。所连接的负载以自动、手动和约束三种模式监测和控制。为了方便手动模式，每个负载都配备了触摸传感器，在自动模式下，吸收电流消耗模式，以便在紧急和非强制性场景下使用物联网远程连接和断开设备。在约束模式下，可以使用传感器根据每个负载的功耗模式连接或断开负载，并根据DR策略使用定义的阈值进行比较。因此，使用MOR插座也可以实现峰值负载期间的节能。与温度传感器以及用于监控和控制建筑物温度和电力使用的电源管理一起进行了相同的硬件设置。</div></div>

{"title":"IoT Integrated Advanced Mor-Sockets for Smart Devices","authors":"Rajarajeswari R, Suchitra D, Praveena V, Sriram Karthik","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0150","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Internet of Thing (IoT) is the connecting network for applications like vehicles, smart devices, buildings etc., with the build in sensors to gather and share information for the user specific needs. The IoT platform offers prospects for a broad and direct integration of the manual world and the digital world by enabling things to be sensed and controlled remotely through existing network infrastructure. Self-contained programs can also be executed on it. This work projects on the integration of the IoT concept to the MOR-socket to manage, monitor and control the energy consumption of smart devices in a smart building. To achieve this, a simulation using Proteus 8.0 professional is made to obtain a virtual MOR-socket. This system is modeled with three prioritized loads of different current rating. The first priority load is the lighting load, second is the motor load and the final one is a load of higher current rating than the other two. The control and monitoring of these loads are performed through a IoT open source webpage (ADAFRUIT) by inculcating Demand Response (DR) strategies. The load connected are monitored and controlled in three modes such as automatic, manual and constraint mode. To facilitate the manual mode touch sensors are provided with each load and in automatic mode current consumption patterns are absorbed for remote connection and disconnection of devices using IoT during emergency and non-mandatory scenarios. In constraint mode the loads can be connected or disconnected based on the power consumption pattern of each load using sensors with a comparison made using a defined threshold value as per DR strategy. Thus the energy conservation during peak load duration is also achieved using MOR socket. A hardware setup for the same is made along with a temperature sensor along with power management for monitoring and curbing the building temperature and power usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machinability Studies and the Evolution of Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Tools for Advanced Machining of Nickel Alloy for Aerospace Applications 航空镍合金先进加工混合人工智能刀具的可加工性研究与发展

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0065

Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Gnana Sagaya Raj, V Kumar, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika

Nickel-based superalloys are frequently adopted in various engineering applications, such as the production of food processing equipment, aerospace parts, and chemical processing equipment. Because of higher strength and thermal conductivity, they are often regarded as difficult-to-machine materials in certain processes. Various methods were evolved for machining the hard materials such as Nickel-based superalloys more effective. One of these is wire electrical discharge machining. In this paper, we will discuss the development of an artificial neural network model and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system that can be used to predict the future performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). The paper uses the Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) design techniques to analyze the model’s variable input. It aims to simulate the various characteristics of the process and its predicted values. A comparison of the two was then performed, and it was revealed that the prophesied values are close to the actual results. The findings of the investigation support the manufacturer’s decision-making process and demonstrate the evolved capability of the process.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview段落">镍基高温合金在各种工程应用中经常被采用，如生产食品加工设备、航空航天零件、化工加工设备等。由于具有较高的强度和导热性，它们在某些工艺中通常被认为是难以加工的材料。为了更有效地加工镍基高温合金等硬质材料，发展了各种方法。其中之一是电线放电加工。在本文中，我们将讨论一个人工神经网络模型和一个自适应神经模糊推理系统的发展，可以用来预测线切割加工(WEDM)的未来性能。本文采用田口法和方差分析(ANOVA)设计技术来分析模型的变量输入。它旨在模拟过程的各种特性及其预测值。然后对两者进行比较，结果表明，预测值与实际结果接近。调查结果支持了制造商的决策过程，并证明了该过程的演化能力。<

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing Concurrent Scheduling of Machines and Tools in a Flexible Manufacturing System with Alternating Machines Using the Flower Pollination Algorithm 用花授粉算法优化机具交替柔性制造系统的并行调度

Q3 Engineering

SAE Technical Papers

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4271/2023-28-0141

Padma Lalitha Mareddy, Venkatesh Vakucherla, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Narapureddy Siva Rami Reddy

This paper examines the concurrent scheduling of machines and tools with machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with the aim of minimizing the makespan in automobile manufacturing industry. Due to the high cost of tools in FMS, each type of tool has only one duplicate in circulation. To reduce the cost of duplicating tools on each machine, a central tool magazine (CTM) is used to store and share tools among several machines. The main challenge in this scenario is to allocate machines from alternate machines and tools to job operations in a way that minimizes the make span. To address this problem, the article proposes a mixed nonlinear integer programming formulation and a Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The results show that the FPA outperforms existing algorithms and using alternate machines for operations can reduce the make span. Therefore, this paper suggests that the FPA-based approach can be effectively utilized in real-world FMS applications, particularly in the automobile manufacturing industry, to achieve efficient scheduling and production planning.

div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview段落">本文研究了汽车制造业多机柔性制造系统(FMS)中以最大完成时间为目标的机具并行调度问题。由于FMS中刀具的高成本，每种类型的刀具只有一个副本在流通。为了减少在每台机器上复制工具的成本，使用中央工具库(CTM)在多台机器之间存储和共享工具。此场景中的主要挑战是以最小化制造跨度的方式将机器从备用机器和工具分配给作业操作。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种混合非线性整数规划公式和一种花授粉算法。结果表明，该算法优于现有算法，并且使用替代机器进行操作可以减小制作跨度。因此，本文建议基于fpa的方法可以有效地应用于实际的FMS应用中，特别是在汽车制造业中，以实现高效的调度和生产计划。

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引用次数: 0