I. Mallam, Y. Hussaini, P. John, J. Sechii, E. Jerry
Thirty-two (32) rabbit bucks of 15-16 weeks (105-112 days) of age comprising of 10 bucks of New Zealand white (NZ), 11 bucks of Chinchilla (CH), and 11 bucks of Dutch (DH) breed with an average weight of 1266 g were used and the experiment lasted for 56 days with each rabbit in a pen. The study to determine relationships amongst carcass traits in some breeds of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bucks. All the parameters were weighed in grams with a digital weighing scale while the dressing percentage was calculated. The carcass traits taken were heart, liver, kidney, caecum, lungs, stomach, intestine, live weight, slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb, thoracic cage, loin, skin, head, shank, hind limb, testis, body weight, dressing per cent. The degree of relationships amongst the carcass traits was determined using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Procedure of SAS. There were several relationships with correlation coefficients ranging from high to low and positively and negatively correlated. The results obtained for relative organs gave positive and significantly (p<0.05) high correlation coefficients between heart and liver (r=0.663) and between intestine and stomach (r=0.570). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference amongst other relative organs but with positive correlation coefficients except between liver and lungs, kidney and caecum, caecum and lungs, caecum and intestine, lungs and stomach, lungs and intestine. For the other carcass traits (live weight, slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb, thoracic cage, loin, skin, head, shank, hind limb, testis, body weight, and dressing per cent), the highest and positive correlation coefficient was obtained between live weight and slaughtered weight (r=0.992), and the least was between shank and testis (r=0.025). It also revealed that live weight had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb thoracic cage, loin, skin, and hind limb. Therefore, selection for improvement should be carried out on carcass traits with high and positive correlation. More research should be conducted on relationships between carcass traits of domestic rabbit bucks of different breeds and ages.
{"title":"Relationships amongst carcass traits in some breeds of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bucks","authors":"I. Mallam, Y. Hussaini, P. John, J. Sechii, E. Jerry","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.341","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-two (32) rabbit bucks of 15-16 weeks (105-112 days) of age comprising of 10 bucks of New Zealand white (NZ), 11 bucks of Chinchilla (CH), and 11 bucks of Dutch (DH) breed with an average weight of 1266 g were used and the experiment lasted for 56 days with each rabbit in a pen. The study to determine relationships amongst carcass traits in some breeds of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bucks. All the parameters were weighed in grams with a digital weighing scale while the dressing percentage was calculated. The carcass traits taken were heart, liver, kidney, caecum, lungs, stomach, intestine, live weight, slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb, thoracic cage, loin, skin, head, shank, hind limb, testis, body weight, dressing per cent. The degree of relationships amongst the carcass traits was determined using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Procedure of SAS. There were several relationships with correlation coefficients ranging from high to low and positively and negatively correlated. The results obtained for relative organs gave positive and significantly (p<0.05) high correlation coefficients between heart and liver (r=0.663) and between intestine and stomach (r=0.570). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference amongst other relative organs but with positive correlation coefficients except between liver and lungs, kidney and caecum, caecum and lungs, caecum and intestine, lungs and stomach, lungs and intestine. For the other carcass traits (live weight, slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb, thoracic cage, loin, skin, head, shank, hind limb, testis, body weight, and dressing per cent), the highest and positive correlation coefficient was obtained between live weight and slaughtered weight (r=0.992), and the least was between shank and testis (r=0.025). It also revealed that live weight had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on slaughtered weight, dressing weight, fore limb thoracic cage, loin, skin, and hind limb. Therefore, selection for improvement should be carried out on carcass traits with high and positive correlation. More research should be conducted on relationships between carcass traits of domestic rabbit bucks of different breeds and ages.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122420980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to determine the risk factors for twinning and its effects on the subsequent production and reproductive performances in Moroccan Holstein cows. The data analyzed were from records of 1770 calving events (157 for twins and 1613 for singles) from July 2008 to December 2012 in a private farm. The logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of risk factors comprising parity, calving season and calving year. To analyze the twinning effect on gestation length, days to the first insemination, days open, the number of insemination per conception, 305-day milk and fat yields and fat percentage, the linear model that included fixed effects of parity, calving season, calving year and calving type was used. Out of 1770 calvings, 157 or 8.87% were twins. Risk factors for twin calvings were parity (p<0.001) and calving season (p<0.05), while calving year had no significant effect (p>0.05). The greatest twinning rate was observed at parity 2 and when calving occurred from May to August. Twin calving affected fat percentage in the lactation initiated by twinning, whereas milk and fat yields were not significantly influenced (p>0.05). Twin-calved cows had a greater fat percentage than single-calved cows (p<0.01). Cows delivering twins had shorter (p<0.001) gestation lengths than those giving singles (273.4 vs. 278.2 days), whereas days to the first insemination, days open and the number of inseminations per conception were not affected by twinning (p>0.05). Therefore, intensive management is required for twin calving cows and their calves to achieve maximum production and to diminish losses.
{"title":"Risk factors for twinning and effects on the subsequent production and reproductive performances in Moroccan Holstein cows","authors":"I. Boujenane","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.344","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to determine the risk factors for twinning and its effects on the subsequent production and reproductive performances in Moroccan Holstein cows. The data analyzed were from records of 1770 calving events (157 for twins and 1613 for singles) from July 2008 to December 2012 in a private farm. The logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of risk factors comprising parity, calving season and calving year. To analyze the twinning effect on gestation length, days to the first insemination, days open, the number of insemination per conception, 305-day milk and fat yields and fat percentage, the linear model that included fixed effects of parity, calving season, calving year and calving type was used. Out of 1770 calvings, 157 or 8.87% were twins. Risk factors for twin calvings were parity (p<0.001) and calving season (p<0.05), while calving year had no significant effect (p>0.05). The greatest twinning rate was observed at parity 2 and when calving occurred from May to August. Twin calving affected fat percentage in the lactation initiated by twinning, whereas milk and fat yields were not significantly influenced (p>0.05). Twin-calved cows had a greater fat percentage than single-calved cows (p<0.01). Cows delivering twins had shorter (p<0.001) gestation lengths than those giving singles (273.4 vs. 278.2 days), whereas days to the first insemination, days open and the number of inseminations per conception were not affected by twinning (p>0.05). Therefore, intensive management is required for twin calving cows and their calves to achieve maximum production and to diminish losses.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA methylation is the addition of a methyl group to the 5th carbon atom of cytosine in a CpG dinucleotide. It is a mechanism that causes a change in expression without altering the base sequence. It is associated with a wide range of biological processes, including deactivation of chromosome X, genomic imprinting, stem cell differentiation, gene expression control, and chromosomal stability. There are several methods available to determine the methylation status of DNA samples in the field of epigenetics. However, selecting the method that is best suited to answering a particular biological question still proves to be a difficult task. This review aims to provide biologists, with an outline of methods available, for the determination of DNA Methylation, principally those new to the field of epigenetics, with a modest procedure to help guide them in the selection of the most suitable assay to meet their research requirements, but with a particular focus on commercially available tools or other simple and straightforward explanations that have proven to be effective.
{"title":"Overview of methodology for studying DNA methylation: A review","authors":"N. Uche, S. Eboh, G. I. Iroanya","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.331","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation is the addition of a methyl group to the 5th carbon atom of cytosine in a CpG dinucleotide. It is a mechanism that causes a change in expression without altering the base sequence. It is associated with a wide range of biological processes, including deactivation of chromosome X, genomic imprinting, stem cell differentiation, gene expression control, and chromosomal stability. There are several methods available to determine the methylation status of DNA samples in the field of epigenetics. However, selecting the method that is best suited to answering a particular biological question still proves to be a difficult task. This review aims to provide biologists, with an outline of methods available, for the determination of DNA Methylation, principally those new to the field of epigenetics, with a modest procedure to help guide them in the selection of the most suitable assay to meet their research requirements, but with a particular focus on commercially available tools or other simple and straightforward explanations that have proven to be effective.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marvellous O. Oyebanjo, Etseoghena A. Obi, A. Salako
Horse colour is important. People chose horses for their colour pattern diversity, according to archaeological investigations and biological evidence. Horses were generally dark coloured before domestication, according to molecular testing. After domestication, the genes for white patterns and dilutions appeared. The appearance of their horses, as well as their competence and willingness to work, must have been important to early people. In many cases, the genes that impact coat colour patterns in one species also influence coat colour patterns in another. In horses, humans, cattle, dogs, and other species, the MC1R gene encodes the alleles for red and black of the Extension locus. White spotting is caused by mutations in the KIT gene in horses (tobiano, roan, sabino, dominant white), mice, and humans. Because of its similarity to a white hair gene seen in humans with Hirschprung's illness, the gene for overo in horses was discovered. The genes that impact coat colour patterns in one species generally play a similar role in another, according to molecular studies. It came as no surprise. Earlier geneticists claimed that coat colours in horses were caused by the action of genes similar to those observed in other species based solely on phenotype. This is a crucial lesson for genetic studies: we can apply what we have learned from other species to our own. All in all, the study of coat colour variations in the horse is a study of the horse's nature.
{"title":"Genes affecting coat colour and the resulting variation in horses (Equus caballus) – A Review","authors":"Marvellous O. Oyebanjo, Etseoghena A. Obi, A. Salako","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.319","url":null,"abstract":"Horse colour is important. People chose horses for their colour pattern diversity, according to archaeological investigations and biological evidence. Horses were generally dark coloured before domestication, according to molecular testing. After domestication, the genes for white patterns and dilutions appeared. The appearance of their horses, as well as their competence and willingness to work, must have been important to early people. In many cases, the genes that impact coat colour patterns in one species also influence coat colour patterns in another. In horses, humans, cattle, dogs, and other species, the MC1R gene encodes the alleles for red and black of the Extension locus. White spotting is caused by mutations in the KIT gene in horses (tobiano, roan, sabino, dominant white), mice, and humans. Because of its similarity to a white hair gene seen in humans with Hirschprung's illness, the gene for overo in horses was discovered. The genes that impact coat colour patterns in one species generally play a similar role in another, according to molecular studies. It came as no surprise. Earlier geneticists claimed that coat colours in horses were caused by the action of genes similar to those observed in other species based solely on phenotype. This is a crucial lesson for genetic studies: we can apply what we have learned from other species to our own. All in all, the study of coat colour variations in the horse is a study of the horse's nature.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116884212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Umego, K. Bisong, A. K. Olutunmogun, P. Barje, G. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of season and graded vitamin C levels on semen quality of rabbit bucks in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. A total of 55 rabbit bucks consisting of 40 pure New Zealand White (NZW) and 15 New Zealand x California (NZW×CAL) crossbreds were used for the study. The duration of the study spanned the hot dry (March-May) and cool wet (June-August) seasons. The traits investigated were semen motility, concentration, volume, pH, colour, live and dead sperm. Results obtained showed that vitamin C had significant (p<0.01) effect on semen characteristics. There was a progressive increase in semen motility, concentration and live sperm and decrease in dead sperm as vitamin C level increased. Semen volume deviated from this pattern while colour was consistent all through. The result on monthly variation indicated that volume increased during the months of March to May ranging between 1.32-1.43 ml while during the months of June to August, it oscillated between 0.41 - 0.95 ml. Sperm concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased from the hot dry months (75.72-129.48x106) to the cool wet months (98.17-102.78x106) while colour remained consistent with an increase in live sperm cells. There was significant (p<0.001) interaction between vitamin C level and season on sperm motility, concentration and live sperm being better in the hot dry (70.9%, 114.5x106, 85.31%) and cool wet (76.3%, 121.6x106, 90.14%) seasons on 400 mg/kg feed vitamin C. Sperm volume was higher on 100 mg/kg feed vitamin C in the hot dry (1.60 ml) and cool wet (0.98 ml) seasons and 400 mg/kg feed in the hot dry (1.57 ml) and cool wet (0.77 ml) than other levels. Based on the results, it is concluded that vitamin C improved the semen characteristics of rabbit bucks at 400 mg/kg feed during the hot dry season which translates to improved semen quality.
{"title":"Seasonal changes in semen characteristics of pure and crossbred rabbit bucks fed graded levels of vitamin C under heat stress conditions","authors":"C. Umego, K. Bisong, A. K. Olutunmogun, P. Barje, G. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.318","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of season and graded vitamin C levels on semen quality of rabbit bucks in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. A total of 55 rabbit bucks consisting of 40 pure New Zealand White (NZW) and 15 New Zealand x California (NZW×CAL) crossbreds were used for the study. The duration of the study spanned the hot dry (March-May) and cool wet (June-August) seasons. The traits investigated were semen motility, concentration, volume, pH, colour, live and dead sperm. Results obtained showed that vitamin C had significant (p<0.01) effect on semen characteristics. There was a progressive increase in semen motility, concentration and live sperm and decrease in dead sperm as vitamin C level increased. Semen volume deviated from this pattern while colour was consistent all through. The result on monthly variation indicated that volume increased during the months of March to May ranging between 1.32-1.43 ml while during the months of June to August, it oscillated between 0.41 - 0.95 ml. Sperm concentration significantly (p<0.05) increased from the hot dry months (75.72-129.48x106) to the cool wet months (98.17-102.78x106) while colour remained consistent with an increase in live sperm cells. There was significant (p<0.001) interaction between vitamin C level and season on sperm motility, concentration and live sperm being better in the hot dry (70.9%, 114.5x106, 85.31%) and cool wet (76.3%, 121.6x106, 90.14%) seasons on 400 mg/kg feed vitamin C. Sperm volume was higher on 100 mg/kg feed vitamin C in the hot dry (1.60 ml) and cool wet (0.98 ml) seasons and 400 mg/kg feed in the hot dry (1.57 ml) and cool wet (0.77 ml) than other levels. Based on the results, it is concluded that vitamin C improved the semen characteristics of rabbit bucks at 400 mg/kg feed during the hot dry season which translates to improved semen quality.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116992529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of graded doses of ethanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (EEPO) on the sperm quality and haemo-biochemical parameters of the male Wistar rats were studied. Twenty-five adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups A-E, (n=5). Groups A, B, C, and D were treated with 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg of EEPO respectively while group E received 0.2 ml Propylene glycol serving as the control. Animals were treated for 14 days after which samples were collected. Sperm motility, liveability and sperm count of EEPO-treated rats in groups A, B, C and D showed a dose-dependent increase compared to the control. The treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased the PCV, Hb, RBC and platelets counts of rats across the treated groups A-D. There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in other haematological parameters except for a marked reduction in the WBC count of group B. The mean ALB and TP increased across the treated groups when compared to the control). It was concluded that ethanol extract of P. ostreatus produced a dose-dependent increase in sperm motility, liveability, sperm count, PCV, Hb, RBC, TP and ALB, thereby enhancing the fertility of the rats, especially at higher doses. Hence, the plant should be considered as feed supplements for the male breeding stock.
{"title":"Effects of graded doses of ethanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) on the sperm quality and haemo-biochemical parameters of the male Wistar rats","authors":"O. Ajani","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.310","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of graded doses of ethanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (EEPO) on the sperm quality and haemo-biochemical parameters of the male Wistar rats were studied. Twenty-five adult male rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups A-E, (n=5). Groups A, B, C, and D were treated with 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg of EEPO respectively while group E received 0.2 ml Propylene glycol serving as the control. Animals were treated for 14 days after which samples were collected. Sperm motility, liveability and sperm count of EEPO-treated rats in groups A, B, C and D showed a dose-dependent increase compared to the control. The treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased the PCV, Hb, RBC and platelets counts of rats across the treated groups A-D. There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in other haematological parameters except for a marked reduction in the WBC count of group B. The mean ALB and TP increased across the treated groups when compared to the control). It was concluded that ethanol extract of P. ostreatus produced a dose-dependent increase in sperm motility, liveability, sperm count, PCV, Hb, RBC, TP and ALB, thereby enhancing the fertility of the rats, especially at higher doses. Hence, the plant should be considered as feed supplements for the male breeding stock.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126545980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to assess the dietary potency of sun-dried turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance of the broiler chicks. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) day old abor acre plus chicks were randomly allocated to four (4) dietary treatments each with three replicates of ten (10) chicks. Four experimental diets were formulated in such a way that the control diet (T1) did not contain turmeric powder whereas birds in T2, T3 and T4 fed diets contained 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30% turmeric powder respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days and parameters on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost analysis were evaluated. Proximate analysis showed that turmeric powder possesses some nutrients which make it nutritionally viable as a feed additive in the broiler chick diet. There were no significant differences among all the growth performance parameters evaluated across the dietary treatments. Broiler chicks fed 0.30% turmeric recorded numerically best value in terms of body weight and feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments including control. No significant difference was observed in nutrient utilization across the treatment groups. Turmeric powder resulted in efficient feed cost reduction, and among the treatments, the diet with 0.30 % of turmeric powder provides a better economic advantage in terms of feed cost per weight gain. It is concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder up to 0.30% as feed additives in broiler chicks’ diet had no negative impact on growth performance, nutrient utilization and production cost of the abor acre plus breed of chicks.
{"title":"Dietary potency of sun-dried turmeric powder on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost analysis of starter broiler chicks","authors":"T. Sunmola, C. Tuleun, K. Orayaga, T. Ahemen","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.322","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to assess the dietary potency of sun-dried turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance of the broiler chicks. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) day old abor acre plus chicks were randomly allocated to four (4) dietary treatments each with three replicates of ten (10) chicks. Four experimental diets were formulated in such a way that the control diet (T1) did not contain turmeric powder whereas birds in T2, T3 and T4 fed diets contained 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30% turmeric powder respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days and parameters on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost analysis were evaluated. Proximate analysis showed that turmeric powder possesses some nutrients which make it nutritionally viable as a feed additive in the broiler chick diet. There were no significant differences among all the growth performance parameters evaluated across the dietary treatments. Broiler chicks fed 0.30% turmeric recorded numerically best value in terms of body weight and feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments including control. No significant difference was observed in nutrient utilization across the treatment groups. Turmeric powder resulted in efficient feed cost reduction, and among the treatments, the diet with 0.30 % of turmeric powder provides a better economic advantage in terms of feed cost per weight gain. It is concluded that supplementation of turmeric powder up to 0.30% as feed additives in broiler chicks’ diet had no negative impact on growth performance, nutrient utilization and production cost of the abor acre plus breed of chicks.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117201903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review article aims at discussing the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation and hypertension development in dogs and cats. This will enhance the knowledge of clinicians and researchers on the pathophysiology of hypertension and mechanisms of normal blood pressure regulation in small animals. Hypertension is a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases in man and animals, however, most small animal clinicians do not routinely check the blood pressure until the animals are presented with complications. Hypertension in animals can be essential or secondary but the secondary type is predominant. Blood pressure is regulated by vasoactive agents and hormones such as nitric oxide, bradykinin, endothelin-1, angiotensin II and aldosterone. The blood vessels and the kidney also play major roles in blood pressure regulation. Alterations in the regulation frameworks result in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as elucidated in this review article. It is therefore essential that the body maintain good anatomic, physiologic and biochemical functions to maintain blood pressure. In conclusion, adequate knowledge of the mechanism by which blood pressure is regulated and the pathophysiology of hypertension will enhance research and potentiate the management of cardiovascular diseases and associated disorders in small animals.
{"title":"Blood pressure regulation and mechanism of hypertension development in dogs and cats: A review","authors":"O. Adejumobi, O. T. Jeremiah, T. Omobowale","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.328","url":null,"abstract":"The review article aims at discussing the mechanisms of blood pressure regulation and hypertension development in dogs and cats. This will enhance the knowledge of clinicians and researchers on the pathophysiology of hypertension and mechanisms of normal blood pressure regulation in small animals. Hypertension is a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases in man and animals, however, most small animal clinicians do not routinely check the blood pressure until the animals are presented with complications. Hypertension in animals can be essential or secondary but the secondary type is predominant. Blood pressure is regulated by vasoactive agents and hormones such as nitric oxide, bradykinin, endothelin-1, angiotensin II and aldosterone. The blood vessels and the kidney also play major roles in blood pressure regulation. Alterations in the regulation frameworks result in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as elucidated in this review article. It is therefore essential that the body maintain good anatomic, physiologic and biochemical functions to maintain blood pressure. In conclusion, adequate knowledge of the mechanism by which blood pressure is regulated and the pathophysiology of hypertension will enhance research and potentiate the management of cardiovascular diseases and associated disorders in small animals.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124534133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ajagbe, B. A. Mohammed, D. I. Abutusalami, V. Alfa
The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen characteristics and thermo physiological response of West African Dwarf goats fed pineapple waste and cassava peel concentrate in Anyigba, Kogi State. Twelve growing West African Dwarf goats with average weight 4-5±0.05 kg and approximately 4 to 6 months of age were randomly allotted four (4) dietary treatments with three animals per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design. The rations were 50% ensiled pineapple waste + 50% concentrate, 60% ensiled pineapple waste + 40% concentrate, 70% ensiled pineapple waste + 30% concentrate and 80% ensiled pineapple waste + 20% concentrate respectively. Rumen fluid was collected from the goats at the end of the 60 days feeding trial. The data collected were pH, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA). Results obtained indicated that rumen parameters; TVFA, propionic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen were not significantly different (p>0.05) among dietary treatments except pH and butyric acid. Bacteria count was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary treatments while protozoa and fungi count were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments with higher values in 60:40 and 80:20 inclusion levels. The result of the thermo-physiological response showed that rectal temperature observed ranged between 32.27 and 38.65°C. Supplemented group fed 60:40 ration had the highest rectal temperature than other treatments. The pulse rate values ranged between 63.25 and 77.75 beats per minute whereby 60:40 fed group also had the highest pulse rate (77.75 beats /min). It can be concluded that the inclusion of pineapple waste supplements and cassava peel concentrate in the diets of West African Dwarf Goat has the potential for optimum rumen ecology with no detrimental effect on the health status of goats. Therefore, ensiled pineapple waste and cassava peel concentrate supplementation of inclusion level at 60:40 to 80:20 levels could be used as an alternative feed material in the diet of growing WAD goats for improved rumen ecology.
{"title":"Rumen characteristics and thermo-physiological response of West African Dwarf goats supplemented with pineapple waste and cassava peel concentrates","authors":"A. Ajagbe, B. A. Mohammed, D. I. Abutusalami, V. Alfa","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.321","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the rumen characteristics and thermo physiological response of West African Dwarf goats fed pineapple waste and cassava peel concentrate in Anyigba, Kogi State. Twelve growing West African Dwarf goats with average weight 4-5±0.05 kg and approximately 4 to 6 months of age were randomly allotted four (4) dietary treatments with three animals per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design. The rations were 50% ensiled pineapple waste + 50% concentrate, 60% ensiled pineapple waste + 40% concentrate, 70% ensiled pineapple waste + 30% concentrate and 80% ensiled pineapple waste + 20% concentrate respectively. Rumen fluid was collected from the goats at the end of the 60 days feeding trial. The data collected were pH, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA). Results obtained indicated that rumen parameters; TVFA, propionic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen were not significantly different (p>0.05) among dietary treatments except pH and butyric acid. Bacteria count was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary treatments while protozoa and fungi count were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments with higher values in 60:40 and 80:20 inclusion levels. The result of the thermo-physiological response showed that rectal temperature observed ranged between 32.27 and 38.65°C. Supplemented group fed 60:40 ration had the highest rectal temperature than other treatments. The pulse rate values ranged between 63.25 and 77.75 beats per minute whereby 60:40 fed group also had the highest pulse rate (77.75 beats /min). It can be concluded that the inclusion of pineapple waste supplements and cassava peel concentrate in the diets of West African Dwarf Goat has the potential for optimum rumen ecology with no detrimental effect on the health status of goats. Therefore, ensiled pineapple waste and cassava peel concentrate supplementation of inclusion level at 60:40 to 80:20 levels could be used as an alternative feed material in the diet of growing WAD goats for improved rumen ecology.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131389195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olabode, Abraham Mishael, C. Nduka, C. Uzoma, L. Azodo
Two hundred and twenty-five day-old broiler chicks of “Anak 2000” strain were used to determine the effect of partially and completely replacing fishmeal (Fm) with lizard meal (Lm) in broiler birds. The objectives were targeted at the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and the cost benefit analysis of the birds from day old to the eight weeks of research. A week was carved out for the brooding of the birds. The birds were distributed into five treatment groups of forty-five birds, replicated three times with fifteen birds each per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The processed lizard meal was included in the diet at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% corresponding to treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Proximate analysis of lizard meal and the experimental diets were equally carried out according to laid down standards. Results obtained showed that growth performance parameters differed significantly (p<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment 4 (75% Lm) possessing a superior (p<0.05) value of 2987.33 g, 53.66 g and 2.28 in terms of final body weight (FBW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which was closely followed by birds in treatment 5 (100%) with 2870 g, 51.23 g and 2.40 for FBW, ADWG and FCR. The least performance was obtained in treatment 3 (50%) with 2431.33 g, 42.27 g and 2.93 for FBW, ADWG and FCR respectively. Nutrient digestibility results showed higher values of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract in treatment 4 (81.24%, 63.82% and 52.78%) which also has the least value for crude fiber (44.05%). Cost benefit analysis was best in treatments 4, with profit and cost benefit ratio of ₦1098.97 and 1.58. Thus, from the overall results obtained in the present research work, it can be deduced that replacement levels at 75% performed best, though replacement level up to 100% is viable without any detrimental effect on the performance and cost implication in the short and long run.
{"title":"Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cost benefit analysis of broiler birds fed lizard meal as a replacement for fishmeal","authors":"A. Olabode, Abraham Mishael, C. Nduka, C. Uzoma, L. Azodo","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.316","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and twenty-five day-old broiler chicks of “Anak 2000” strain were used to determine the effect of partially and completely replacing fishmeal (Fm) with lizard meal (Lm) in broiler birds. The objectives were targeted at the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and the cost benefit analysis of the birds from day old to the eight weeks of research. A week was carved out for the brooding of the birds. The birds were distributed into five treatment groups of forty-five birds, replicated three times with fifteen birds each per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The processed lizard meal was included in the diet at levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% corresponding to treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Feed and water were given ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Proximate analysis of lizard meal and the experimental diets were equally carried out according to laid down standards. Results obtained showed that growth performance parameters differed significantly (p<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment 4 (75% Lm) possessing a superior (p<0.05) value of 2987.33 g, 53.66 g and 2.28 in terms of final body weight (FBW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), which was closely followed by birds in treatment 5 (100%) with 2870 g, 51.23 g and 2.40 for FBW, ADWG and FCR. The least performance was obtained in treatment 3 (50%) with 2431.33 g, 42.27 g and 2.93 for FBW, ADWG and FCR respectively. Nutrient digestibility results showed higher values of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract in treatment 4 (81.24%, 63.82% and 52.78%) which also has the least value for crude fiber (44.05%). Cost benefit analysis was best in treatments 4, with profit and cost benefit ratio of ₦1098.97 and 1.58. Thus, from the overall results obtained in the present research work, it can be deduced that replacement levels at 75% performed best, though replacement level up to 100% is viable without any detrimental effect on the performance and cost implication in the short and long run.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"36 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125731448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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