In vitro anthelminthic activity of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum grattissimum, Nicotiana tabacum and Talinum triangulare using L3 stage larva was investigated. Standard procedure was followed for larva culturing, preparation of extract and for in vitro assay. The concentration of Vernonia amygdalina was effective at 1.0 mg/ml at 1 and 2 hours, Ocimum grattissimum at 0.5 mg/ml at 1 hour, Nicotiana tabacum at 0.125 mg/ml at 1 hour and Talinum triangulare at 0.125 mg/ml at 2 hours. The result showed that there was anthelminthic activity in the four plants after 3 hours of the experiment. Nicotiana tabacum showed a faster anthelmintic effect at a lower concentration of 0.125 mg/l and at a lower hour (1 hour) while Talinum triangulare showed a slower anthelmintic effect compared to other medicinal plants at 2 hours. The health status of ruminants can be improved through the consumption of these four medicinal plants.
{"title":"Anthelmintic effects of four medicinal plants using in vitro L3 larva stage","authors":"A. A. Bada, I. Osho, S. O. Adewole, L. Olofintoye","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.325","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro anthelminthic activity of Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum grattissimum, Nicotiana tabacum and Talinum triangulare using L3 stage larva was investigated. Standard procedure was followed for larva culturing, preparation of extract and for in vitro assay. The concentration of Vernonia amygdalina was effective at 1.0 mg/ml at 1 and 2 hours, Ocimum grattissimum at 0.5 mg/ml at 1 hour, Nicotiana tabacum at 0.125 mg/ml at 1 hour and Talinum triangulare at 0.125 mg/ml at 2 hours. The result showed that there was anthelminthic activity in the four plants after 3 hours of the experiment. Nicotiana tabacum showed a faster anthelmintic effect at a lower concentration of 0.125 mg/l and at a lower hour (1 hour) while Talinum triangulare showed a slower anthelmintic effect compared to other medicinal plants at 2 hours. The health status of ruminants can be improved through the consumption of these four medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olabode, O. I. Adetutu, O. Okelola, E. Victor, E. C. Inyang
One hundred and forty-four (144) day old “Sayyed” broiler birds were used to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal with feather meal on the growth performance and cost benefit analysis of broiler birds. The birds were randomly selected and distributed into four treatment groups of thirty-six birds, each comprising three replicates per treatment with twelve birds per replicate, which was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) format. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with the inclusion of the feather meal to replace fishmeal at the rate of 0, 25, 50 and 75% corresponding to T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Feed and water were given ad-libitum and relevant drugs and vaccination were administered to the birds as when due. Proximate composition of feather meal and the experimental diet was also carried out according to laid out procedure and standard. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the parameters obtained for growth performance and cost benefit analysis across the treatment groups. Growth performance was significantly (p<0.05) influenced across the treatments with treatment 2 having a superior (p<0.05) value for final body weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio with values of 2520.10 g, 46.72 g and 2.55, which was closely followed by treatment 2 (2490.74 g, 46.12 g and 2.57), while the least values were obtained in treatment 4 (2315.34 g, 42.56 g and 2.78) respectively. Cost benefit analysis showed that profit obtained and cost benefit ratio was superior in treatment 3 (50%) with values of ₦667.51 and 2.55, while the least was observed in treatment 1 (₦514.69 and 3.56) respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of feather meal in the diet of broiler birds up to the level of 75% is possible without much impact on their performance.
{"title":"Replacement levels of feather meal to fishmeal in broiler birds (A case study in Ishiagu, Ivo Local Government Area of Ebonyi State)","authors":"A. Olabode, O. I. Adetutu, O. Okelola, E. Victor, E. C. Inyang","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.317","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and forty-four (144) day old “Sayyed” broiler birds were used to determine the effect of replacing fishmeal with feather meal on the growth performance and cost benefit analysis of broiler birds. The birds were randomly selected and distributed into four treatment groups of thirty-six birds, each comprising three replicates per treatment with twelve birds per replicate, which was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) format. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated with the inclusion of the feather meal to replace fishmeal at the rate of 0, 25, 50 and 75% corresponding to T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Feed and water were given ad-libitum and relevant drugs and vaccination were administered to the birds as when due. Proximate composition of feather meal and the experimental diet was also carried out according to laid out procedure and standard. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the parameters obtained for growth performance and cost benefit analysis across the treatment groups. Growth performance was significantly (p<0.05) influenced across the treatments with treatment 2 having a superior (p<0.05) value for final body weight, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio with values of 2520.10 g, 46.72 g and 2.55, which was closely followed by treatment 2 (2490.74 g, 46.12 g and 2.57), while the least values were obtained in treatment 4 (2315.34 g, 42.56 g and 2.78) respectively. Cost benefit analysis showed that profit obtained and cost benefit ratio was superior in treatment 3 (50%) with values of ₦667.51 and 2.55, while the least was observed in treatment 1 (₦514.69 and 3.56) respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of feather meal in the diet of broiler birds up to the level of 75% is possible without much impact on their performance.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic misuses aimed at improving growth performance in poultry production have resulted to widespread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. Recently, prebiotics are accepted as preferred alternatives. The aim of this study was to compare the prebiotic activities of a known and commercially available substance, inulin and a locally available plant, Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on growth performance and intestinal morphometry of broiler chicken. Sixty day-old broiler chicken (Cobb strain) employed in this study were acclimatized for three weeks and randomly divided into six treatment groups and a control. The treatment groups were further divided into the Inulin group treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Inulin and the Vernonia group treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) aqueous extract. After three weeks of prebiotic administration, samples were collected to ascertain effects on body weight, intestinal length and histomorphological measurements of the intestinal villi and crypts were determined. Results showed that body weight did not differ significantly (p>0.05) with both prebiotic administration but a higher weight gain of 1.216 kg and 1.334kg were observed with 20 mg/kg inulin and 100 mg/kg VA administration respectively. Administrations of both prebiotics were not found to significantly affect intestinal length measurement (p>0.05). However, they were found to significantly increase (p<0.05) the intestinal villus height and crypt depth in the treatment groups when compared to the control group. Increased villus height, which may suggest enhanced absorptive function, were improved at dosing broilers with 20 mg/kg inulin and 100 mg/kg VA. Concluding, the effects of both prebiotics; inulin and Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract on enhancement of growth performance and intestinal function are comparable. Where the effect of inulin was observed to be dose dependent, the effects of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract was observed to decline above 100 mg/kg.
{"title":"Comparative study on the prebiotic effects of Inulin and aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina on growth and intestinal morphometry of broiler chicken (Cobb strain)","authors":"I. N. Ugokwe, C. U. Ugokwe","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2022.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2022.308","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic misuses aimed at improving growth performance in poultry production have resulted to widespread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. Recently, prebiotics are accepted as preferred alternatives. The aim of this study was to compare the prebiotic activities of a known and commercially available substance, inulin and a locally available plant, Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on growth performance and intestinal morphometry of broiler chicken. Sixty day-old broiler chicken (Cobb strain) employed in this study were acclimatized for three weeks and randomly divided into six treatment groups and a control. The treatment groups were further divided into the Inulin group treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of Inulin and the Vernonia group treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) aqueous extract. After three weeks of prebiotic administration, samples were collected to ascertain effects on body weight, intestinal length and histomorphological measurements of the intestinal villi and crypts were determined. Results showed that body weight did not differ significantly (p>0.05) with both prebiotic administration but a higher weight gain of 1.216 kg and 1.334kg were observed with 20 mg/kg inulin and 100 mg/kg VA administration respectively. Administrations of both prebiotics were not found to significantly affect intestinal length measurement (p>0.05). However, they were found to significantly increase (p<0.05) the intestinal villus height and crypt depth in the treatment groups when compared to the control group. Increased villus height, which may suggest enhanced absorptive function, were improved at dosing broilers with 20 mg/kg inulin and 100 mg/kg VA. Concluding, the effects of both prebiotics; inulin and Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract on enhancement of growth performance and intestinal function are comparable. Where the effect of inulin was observed to be dose dependent, the effects of Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract was observed to decline above 100 mg/kg.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121684955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The management and production of monogastric are becoming very expensive due to the high cost of conventional feeds. There is need for cheaper feed ingredients to reduce the cost of production and make pig meat affordable for the populace. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dietary assessment of high energy ingredients of Pannicum maximum on growing pigs. A total of 45 young pigs between 18 and 19 kg live body weight on average, were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The pigs were obtained from a landrace x large white crosses. There were five treatments of nine animals each replicated three times with three pigs per replicate. Pigs in treatment 1 (T1) were taken as the control group fed only formulated basal diet while pigs in treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed basal diet in addition to 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) ad libitum respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 60 days. The result revealed that pigs fed 15% PMM had significant (p<0.05) increase on their final body weight than the control and other pigs that fed PMM. Alternatively, inclusion of PMM above 15% did not have significant (p>0.05) increase in the body weight of experimental pigs than control. It was therefore concluded that PMM have a significant (p<0.05) effect on the performance of growing pigs especially at 15% level of inclusion as well as on the feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake. It was therefore recommended that Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) be included in pigs’ feed at 15%.
由于传统饲料的高成本，单胃饲料的管理和生产变得非常昂贵。需要更便宜的饲料原料，以降低生产成本，使民众能够负担得起猪肉。本研究的目的是评价最大白粉高能成分对生长猪的饲粮评价。采用完全随机设计(CRD)试验，选用45头平均活重18 ~ 19 kg的仔猪。这些猪是由一个长白猪与大型白色杂交而来。5个处理，9只动物，每个重复3次，每个重复3头猪。处理1 (T1)为对照组，只饲喂配制基础饲粮，处理2、3、4和5分别在基础饲粮中添加15%、20%、25%和30%的Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM)，可任意选择。试验期60 d。结果表明，饲粮中添加15% PMM的试验猪体重显著高于对照组(p0.05)。由此可见，饲粮中添加PMM对生长猪的生产性能、饲料系数和日采食量有显著(p<0.05)影响，特别是在添加量为15%时。因此，建议在猪饲料中添加15%的Pannicum Maximum Meal。
{"title":"Dietary assessment of high energy ingredients of Pannicum maximum on growing pigs","authors":"R. Obongekpe","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.281","url":null,"abstract":"The management and production of monogastric are becoming very expensive due to the high cost of conventional feeds. There is need for cheaper feed ingredients to reduce the cost of production and make pig meat affordable for the populace. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dietary assessment of high energy ingredients of Pannicum maximum on growing pigs. A total of 45 young pigs between 18 and 19 kg live body weight on average, were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. The pigs were obtained from a landrace x large white crosses. There were five treatments of nine animals each replicated three times with three pigs per replicate. Pigs in treatment 1 (T1) were taken as the control group fed only formulated basal diet while pigs in treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed basal diet in addition to 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) ad libitum respectively. The whole experiment lasted for 60 days. The result revealed that pigs fed 15% PMM had significant (p<0.05) increase on their final body weight than the control and other pigs that fed PMM. Alternatively, inclusion of PMM above 15% did not have significant (p>0.05) increase in the body weight of experimental pigs than control. It was therefore concluded that PMM have a significant (p<0.05) effect on the performance of growing pigs especially at 15% level of inclusion as well as on the feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake. It was therefore recommended that Pannicum Maximum Meal (PMM) be included in pigs’ feed at 15%.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127830270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Adamu, A. A. Adam, A. Yahaya, A. Raji, H. Y. Abbaya, I. Ogu
A total of one hundred (100) matured rabbit of 4 to 6 months of age with weight ranging from 1.4 to1.8 kg comprising of New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch (DUT) breeds were used for the study to evaluate phenotypic correlation of body weight and morphometric traits. They comprise of forty-nine (49) New Zealand White rabbits (13 males and 36 females) and 51 Dutch breed comprising of 21males and 30 females. The experimental design used for the study was completely randomized design and the statistical analysis used was analysis of variance. The body weight and the morphometric traits measured were determined using digital weighing scale and flexible tape in kilograms and centimeters respectively. The data measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), nose to shoulder length (NSL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), ear length (EL), leg length (LL), tail length (TL) and height of the rabbit (HR). Positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlation was observed between body weight and body length (r=0.70**). This may indicate that selection for improvement of body weight may lead to an improvement in body length. Moderate and positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed between leg length (LL) and tail length (TL) r=0.26**, nose to shoulder length and tail length 0.36** respectively. Low correlation was observed between nose to shoulder length and leg length (r=0.19**). The results revealed that increase in LL may not necessarily lead to increase in NSL. The results of this study indicated positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations between some morphometric traits measured in Dutch and New Zealand White rabbits. This is an indication that increases in one trait may lead to an increase in the other corresponding trait for the positive correlation. Meanwhile, negative correlation was also observed in the study between body weight and height of rabbit (- 0.09), height at wither and tail length ( -0.11), heart girth and tail length (-0.08) and between heart girth and hearth at withers (-0.24). This implies that increase in one parameter led to decrease in the corresponding one. Therefore, selection for an increase in such a particular trait apparently leads to a decrease in the other corresponding trait.
{"title":"Phenotypic correlation of body weight and morphometric measurements of two breeds of rabbit","authors":"J. Adamu, A. A. Adam, A. Yahaya, A. Raji, H. Y. Abbaya, I. Ogu","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.295","url":null,"abstract":"A total of one hundred (100) matured rabbit of 4 to 6 months of age with weight ranging from 1.4 to1.8 kg comprising of New Zealand White (NZW) and Dutch (DUT) breeds were used for the study to evaluate phenotypic correlation of body weight and morphometric traits. They comprise of forty-nine (49) New Zealand White rabbits (13 males and 36 females) and 51 Dutch breed comprising of 21males and 30 females. The experimental design used for the study was completely randomized design and the statistical analysis used was analysis of variance. The body weight and the morphometric traits measured were determined using digital weighing scale and flexible tape in kilograms and centimeters respectively. The data measured were body weight (BW), body length (BL), nose to shoulder length (NSL), heart girth (HG), height at withers (HW), ear length (EL), leg length (LL), tail length (TL) and height of the rabbit (HR). Positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlation was observed between body weight and body length (r=0.70**). This may indicate that selection for improvement of body weight may lead to an improvement in body length. Moderate and positive correlation (p<0.01) was observed between leg length (LL) and tail length (TL) r=0.26**, nose to shoulder length and tail length 0.36** respectively. Low correlation was observed between nose to shoulder length and leg length (r=0.19**). The results revealed that increase in LL may not necessarily lead to increase in NSL. The results of this study indicated positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations between some morphometric traits measured in Dutch and New Zealand White rabbits. This is an indication that increases in one trait may lead to an increase in the other corresponding trait for the positive correlation. Meanwhile, negative correlation was also observed in the study between body weight and height of rabbit (- 0.09), height at wither and tail length ( -0.11), heart girth and tail length (-0.08) and between heart girth and hearth at withers (-0.24). This implies that increase in one parameter led to decrease in the corresponding one. Therefore, selection for an increase in such a particular trait apparently leads to a decrease in the other corresponding trait.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. N. Anueyiagu, E. Agusi, B. J. Audu, Lagi Chrysantus Achi
The study was conducted to determine the genetic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of blaTEM-type and blaCTX-M-type ESBLs producing coliforms from ruminants suffering mastitis. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1052 milk samples were collected aseptically from ruminants across Plateau State, Nigeria. Bacterial culture and biotyping were performed according to standard guidelines. Phenotypic assay for ESBL production was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Chromogenic Culture Medium (Oxoid, UK). Conventional PCR was used for amplification and detection of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM genes as described previously. Sequencing reactions were also performed in the Master Cycler pro 384 (Eppendorf) using the ABI BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems), following the protocols supplied by the manufacturer. Sequences obtained were aligned with sequences deposited in the GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and phylogentic analysis performed MEGA software version 10.1.8. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. 677 coliforms were isolated from the 1052 milk samples across Plateau State, where Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 44% while Serratia marcescens had the least with 1.8%. Plateau South had the highest prevalence of 82.3%, followed by Plateau North and Plateau Central with 72.9% and 20.5% prevalence respectively. E. aerogenes recorded the highest resistance (85.71%) against Gentamycin, followed by Serratia marcescens with an 81.82% resistance against Gentamycin. The blaCTX-M was more frequently isolated than blaTEM having 24.39 and 12.19% prevalence respectively. The high-level of phylodiversity observed among ruminants means that there is transfer coliform harboring the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes which might have been transmitted from clones of varying origins. The relatedness of the genes among organisms in different animals from diverse geographical locations demand a quick intervention that would reduce mortality and morbidity of animals and zoonotic transmissions. Sustained hygienic standards of livestock housing, milking procedures and processes, culling of chronically affected livestock, regular laboratory screening of pastoralists for infections can serve as good interventions.
本研究旨在确定从患有乳腺炎的反刍动物中产生大肠菌群的blem型和blactx - m型ESBLs的遗传特征、抗生素敏感性和遗传相关性。在一项横断面研究中，从尼日利亚高原州的反刍动物中无菌收集了1052份牛奶样本。根据标准指南进行细菌培养和生物分型。使用Brilliance ESBL显色培养基(Oxoid, UK)进行ESBL生产的表型分析。如前所述，采用常规PCR扩增检测blaCTX-M、blaSHV、blaTEM基因。测序反应也在Master Cycler pro 384 (Eppendorf)中进行，使用ABI BigDye®Terminator v3.1循环测序试剂盒(Applied Biosystems)，按照制造商提供的方案进行。使用BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)将获得的序列与存放在GenBank中的序列进行比对，并使用MEGA 10.1.8版本软件进行系统发育分析。从牛奶样品中分离出的大肠菌群包括大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、产气肠杆菌和粘质沙雷菌。从高原州1052份牛奶样本中分离出677种大肠菌群，其中大肠杆菌的患病率最高，为44%，粘质沙雷氏菌的患病率最低，为1.8%。高原南部患病率最高，为82.3%，其次是高原北部和高原中部，分别为72.9%和20.5%。产气大肠杆菌对庆大霉素的耐药率最高(85.71%)，粘质沙雷菌次之，耐药率为81.82%。blaCTX-M的分离率高于blaTEM，分别为24.39%和12.19%。在反刍动物中观察到的高度系统多样性意味着存在携带blaCTX-M和blaTEM基因的转移大肠菌群，这些基因可能是从不同来源的克隆中传播的。来自不同地理位置的不同动物的生物体之间的基因相关性要求快速干预，以减少动物的死亡率和发病率以及人畜共患病传播。维持牲畜住房卫生标准、挤奶程序和过程、扑杀受慢性感染的牲畜、定期对牧民进行实验室筛查，都可以作为良好的干预措施。
{"title":"Phylodiversity of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes of coliform isolates from ruminant mastitis in Plateau State Nigeria","authors":"K. N. Anueyiagu, E. Agusi, B. J. Audu, Lagi Chrysantus Achi","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.255","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to determine the genetic characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of blaTEM-type and blaCTX-M-type ESBLs producing coliforms from ruminants suffering mastitis. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1052 milk samples were collected aseptically from ruminants across Plateau State, Nigeria. Bacterial culture and biotyping were performed according to standard guidelines. Phenotypic assay for ESBL production was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Chromogenic Culture Medium (Oxoid, UK). Conventional PCR was used for amplification and detection of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM genes as described previously. Sequencing reactions were also performed in the Master Cycler pro 384 (Eppendorf) using the ABI BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems), following the protocols supplied by the manufacturer. Sequences obtained were aligned with sequences deposited in the GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and phylogentic analysis performed MEGA software version 10.1.8. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. 677 coliforms were isolated from the 1052 milk samples across Plateau State, where Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence of 44% while Serratia marcescens had the least with 1.8%. Plateau South had the highest prevalence of 82.3%, followed by Plateau North and Plateau Central with 72.9% and 20.5% prevalence respectively. E. aerogenes recorded the highest resistance (85.71%) against Gentamycin, followed by Serratia marcescens with an 81.82% resistance against Gentamycin. The blaCTX-M was more frequently isolated than blaTEM having 24.39 and 12.19% prevalence respectively. The high-level of phylodiversity observed among ruminants means that there is transfer coliform harboring the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes which might have been transmitted from clones of varying origins. The relatedness of the genes among organisms in different animals from diverse geographical locations demand a quick intervention that would reduce mortality and morbidity of animals and zoonotic transmissions. Sustained hygienic standards of livestock housing, milking procedures and processes, culling of chronically affected livestock, regular laboratory screening of pastoralists for infections can serve as good interventions.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122390715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to determine the combined efficacy of feed additives on growing pigs, performance and digestive tract parameters. The experiment was conducted for 28 days with 48 male piglets allocated to six dietary treatments. Group 1 was offered a diet without eubiotic; 2 – a diet with acids mixture; 3 – phytobiotic, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and yeast; 4 – probiotic, MCFA, and yeast; 5 – phytobiotic, probiotic, acids mixture, and sodium butyrate; 6 – phytobiotic, probiotic, MCFA, and sodium butyrate. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples, digesta samples, and ileal tissue samples were collected for studies. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain, feed intake, or FCR among the treatments as well as in the ileal and caecal pH value, microbial content, and total SCFA content in caecal digesta as the level of inclusion increases. However, there was a significant difference in treatment condition 2 to 4. Ammonia content in ileal digesta was significantly higher compared to other groups as caecal digesta was significantly higher in group 6 in comparison with groups 1 and 2. Villi height was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 2, 3 and 6 compared to the control. Villi height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 5 and 2, but the most promising effects seem to be from combinations 3 and 4. In comparison with control: in groups 2, 3 and 5 higher Alanine transaminase, glucose and triglyceride; in groups 3, 4 and 5 higher total protein and cholesterol; in group 4 higher albumin and in group 6 higher BUN, were found. Generally, it was concluded that; used eubiotic preparations have significant effect on the gut morphology, growth performance, microbiota and some blood parameters but in smaller ration. It was therefore recommended that eubiotic feeds should be included in pigs feed in smaller ration if the desirable effect is to be determined.
{"title":"Digestive tract parameters, serum metabolites and growth performance of growing pigs","authors":"R. Obongekpe","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.282","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the combined efficacy of feed additives on growing pigs, performance and digestive tract parameters. The experiment was conducted for 28 days with 48 male piglets allocated to six dietary treatments. Group 1 was offered a diet without eubiotic; 2 – a diet with acids mixture; 3 – phytobiotic, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and yeast; 4 – probiotic, MCFA, and yeast; 5 – phytobiotic, probiotic, acids mixture, and sodium butyrate; 6 – phytobiotic, probiotic, MCFA, and sodium butyrate. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples, digesta samples, and ileal tissue samples were collected for studies. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain, feed intake, or FCR among the treatments as well as in the ileal and caecal pH value, microbial content, and total SCFA content in caecal digesta as the level of inclusion increases. However, there was a significant difference in treatment condition 2 to 4. Ammonia content in ileal digesta was significantly higher compared to other groups as caecal digesta was significantly higher in group 6 in comparison with groups 1 and 2. Villi height was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 2, 3 and 6 compared to the control. Villi height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher (p<0.05) in groups 5 and 2, but the most promising effects seem to be from combinations 3 and 4. In comparison with control: in groups 2, 3 and 5 higher Alanine transaminase, glucose and triglyceride; in groups 3, 4 and 5 higher total protein and cholesterol; in group 4 higher albumin and in group 6 higher BUN, were found. Generally, it was concluded that; used eubiotic preparations have significant effect on the gut morphology, growth performance, microbiota and some blood parameters but in smaller ration. It was therefore recommended that eubiotic feeds should be included in pigs feed in smaller ration if the desirable effect is to be determined.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the metabolized energy values of succulent leaf of Vernoma amygdalina (Bitter leaf meal) mixed with Musa sapientum leaf (Banana leaf meal) (BBLM) on performance of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Swine Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A total of 40 large white breeds of pigs (growers) were used for the study. The pigs were divided into 5 groups based on average initial weights (20 to 25 kg) and each group of grower pigs were respectively allotted to each of the five treatment diets using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained 2 replicates of 4 pigs (2 males and 2 females). These pigs were fed twice daily and water supplied was given ad libitum. The treatment diets consisted of BBLM at 0 (control), 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The 50:50 ratios of banana leaf and bitter leaf meal were derived by equal weighing (kg) of the two test ingredients percentage in the diet using a manual scale. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. During the feeding trial, daily feed consumption, metabolized energy values, weight changes, and nutrient digestibility were determined and recorded for all the levels, while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were estimated to assess performance of the weaner pigs. The results revealed that metabolized energy values of BBLM as shown in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 obtained in this study were significantly (p<0.05) increased in each of the diets. The reason for the significant increase was as a result of the presence of banana leaf meal in the feed formulation due to its high fibre content. The results from the study also showed significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of grower pigs. It was found that animals on 80% diet gave the best performance compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67 kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of the pigs. It was concluded that the metabolized energy values of BBLM increases as the level of inclusion were higher and as such can completely replace maize as a source of energy without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs.
{"title":"Metabolized energy values of succulent leaf meal of Vernoma amygdalina mixed with Musa sapientum leaf meal on performance of growing pigs","authors":"R. Obongekpe","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.280","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the metabolized energy values of succulent leaf of Vernoma amygdalina (Bitter leaf meal) mixed with Musa sapientum leaf (Banana leaf meal) (BBLM) on performance of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Swine Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A total of 40 large white breeds of pigs (growers) were used for the study. The pigs were divided into 5 groups based on average initial weights (20 to 25 kg) and each group of grower pigs were respectively allotted to each of the five treatment diets using a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained 2 replicates of 4 pigs (2 males and 2 females). These pigs were fed twice daily and water supplied was given ad libitum. The treatment diets consisted of BBLM at 0 (control), 20, 40, 60 and 80%. The 50:50 ratios of banana leaf and bitter leaf meal were derived by equal weighing (kg) of the two test ingredients percentage in the diet using a manual scale. All diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. During the feeding trial, daily feed consumption, metabolized energy values, weight changes, and nutrient digestibility were determined and recorded for all the levels, while weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were estimated to assess performance of the weaner pigs. The results revealed that metabolized energy values of BBLM as shown in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 obtained in this study were significantly (p<0.05) increased in each of the diets. The reason for the significant increase was as a result of the presence of banana leaf meal in the feed formulation due to its high fibre content. The results from the study also showed significant (p<0.05) differences on the performance characteristics of grower pigs. It was found that animals on 80% diet gave the best performance compared to other diets in final weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (25.67 kg, 2.06 and 2.52) respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) on the nutrient digestibility of the pigs. It was concluded that the metabolized energy values of BBLM increases as the level of inclusion were higher and as such can completely replace maize as a source of energy without adversely affecting the overall growth performance of the pigs.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124909232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Maidala, G. Musa, L. Adamu, B. I. Amaza, S. Sudik, J. Makinde
An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to assess four differently protein sources on performance of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty (250) day old unsex Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four differently processed plant protein sources i.e. cooked soybean, salt treated African locust bean and sprouted Bambara nut with groundnut cake (GNC) based diet as control, the treatments were replicated five times (12 birds per replicate) in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Results showed that daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were affected by different protein sources (p<0.05) at starter, finisher and overall phase. The carcass characteristics showed that live weight (1988-2160 g), slaughter weight (1610-1965 g) and plucked weight (1600-1814 g) were affected by different protein sources(p<0.05). The dressing percentage (83.31-86.25%) are not affected by different protein sources (p>0.05). The abdominal fat (0.61-0.64%), gizzard (1.61-1.77%), small intestine (40.80-43.20 cm) and large intestine (141.80-201.60 cm) were affected by the different protein sources (p<0.05). All the prime cuts were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the dietary protein sources. Total feed cost is highest in soya-bean based diet (N 379.30). The highest body weight (4.53 kg) is in soya bean-based diet. The feed cost per kg gain is highest in GNC based diet (N 158.34) and lowest in soya bean based diet (N 126.43). All the protein sources enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens; however, soybean was more effective in enhancing the performance of broiler chickens.
{"title":"Nutritional evaluation of differently processed plant protein sources on the performance of broiler chickens","authors":"A. Maidala, G. Musa, L. Adamu, B. I. Amaza, S. Sudik, J. Makinde","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.296","url":null,"abstract":"An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to assess four differently protein sources on performance of broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty (250) day old unsex Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four differently processed plant protein sources i.e. cooked soybean, salt treated African locust bean and sprouted Bambara nut with groundnut cake (GNC) based diet as control, the treatments were replicated five times (12 birds per replicate) in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Results showed that daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were affected by different protein sources (p<0.05) at starter, finisher and overall phase. The carcass characteristics showed that live weight (1988-2160 g), slaughter weight (1610-1965 g) and plucked weight (1600-1814 g) were affected by different protein sources(p<0.05). The dressing percentage (83.31-86.25%) are not affected by different protein sources (p>0.05). The abdominal fat (0.61-0.64%), gizzard (1.61-1.77%), small intestine (40.80-43.20 cm) and large intestine (141.80-201.60 cm) were affected by the different protein sources (p<0.05). All the prime cuts were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the dietary protein sources. Total feed cost is highest in soya-bean based diet (N 379.30). The highest body weight (4.53 kg) is in soya bean-based diet. The feed cost per kg gain is highest in GNC based diet (N 158.34) and lowest in soya bean based diet (N 126.43). All the protein sources enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens; however, soybean was more effective in enhancing the performance of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130540220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shoyombo, M. A. Popoola, Ake A. Moses, O. Alabi, E. M. Okon, Ahmed E. Jubril, C. I. Ukim
The constant demand for less expensive and more easily available alternative feed sources for animal production is on the increase. This is particularly true in the tropics, where feed availability varies according to the season. Based on this necessity, this study aims to evaluate the impact of feeding silage to sheep and goats on growth and development. A total of 22 animals comprising of 11 Yankassa breed and 11 West African Dwarf breed were used for the study. The animals were confined and allowed to acclimatize to the environment for about 14 to 21 days, followed by 5 weeks of study. The forage used for silage was Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) mixed with equal amounts of cassava peel and molasses in different proportions for three different treatments. Body length, neck circumference, height at withers, heart girth, and body weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals fed T3 diets compared to all other diets, while animals on the T2 diet had higher ear length than T3. Except for neck circumference, ear length, and bodyweight of animals raised on diet T1 and the control group were statistically similar, all the test groups were significantly better than the control group in terms of performance. The highest body weight of 16.74 kg was recorded in T3, followed by 15.97 kg in T2, 12.12 kg in T1, and the least value of 10.09 kg in the control group. No apparent adverse effects were noted in the feeding of silage to the animals as the animals were healthy throughout the duration of the study. More research on the use of silage in feeding indigenous goat and sheep breeds is needed to further understand the impact of silage on animal performance and morphometric traits.
{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of sheep and goat fed silage comprising of cassava peel, gamba grass and Mexican sunflower","authors":"A. Shoyombo, M. A. Popoola, Ake A. Moses, O. Alabi, E. M. Okon, Ahmed E. Jubril, C. I. Ukim","doi":"10.31248/jasvm2021.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasvm2021.301","url":null,"abstract":"The constant demand for less expensive and more easily available alternative feed sources for animal production is on the increase. This is particularly true in the tropics, where feed availability varies according to the season. Based on this necessity, this study aims to evaluate the impact of feeding silage to sheep and goats on growth and development. A total of 22 animals comprising of 11 Yankassa breed and 11 West African Dwarf breed were used for the study. The animals were confined and allowed to acclimatize to the environment for about 14 to 21 days, followed by 5 weeks of study. The forage used for silage was Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) mixed with equal amounts of cassava peel and molasses in different proportions for three different treatments. Body length, neck circumference, height at withers, heart girth, and body weight were significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals fed T3 diets compared to all other diets, while animals on the T2 diet had higher ear length than T3. Except for neck circumference, ear length, and bodyweight of animals raised on diet T1 and the control group were statistically similar, all the test groups were significantly better than the control group in terms of performance. The highest body weight of 16.74 kg was recorded in T3, followed by 15.97 kg in T2, 12.12 kg in T1, and the least value of 10.09 kg in the control group. No apparent adverse effects were noted in the feeding of silage to the animals as the animals were healthy throughout the duration of the study. More research on the use of silage in feeding indigenous goat and sheep breeds is needed to further understand the impact of silage on animal performance and morphometric traits.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127609075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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