V. F. Soneye, R. O. Ahmed, B. Omidiwura, A. Agboola, H. O. Majolagbe
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of enzyme, probiotic or their combinations on growth response, microbiota and gut histopathological indices of broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty (150) one-day old unsexed Arbor Acre broiler chicks were weighed and randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments; each diet had 5 replicates of 6 birds each in the study that lasted for 42 days. Treatment 1 consists of the basal diet (negative control; NC): Treatment 2 was NC+0.1% antibiotic (positive control), Treatment 3: NC+0.4% probiotic, Treatment 4: NC+0.1% enzyme and Treatment 5: NC+0.4% probiotic+0.1% enzyme. Performance indices were measured. On day 42, ileal digesta was collected from two birds per replicate for microbial count while about 5 cm of distal ileum was severed for histopathology. The results showed that diets had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the performance of birds at the starter and finisher phases. Total heterotrophic counts of birds fed with basal and probiotic diets were similar but significantly (p<0.05) higher than other diets. The highest Lactobacilli count was recorded in the mixture of probiotic + enzyme diet while least was observed in probiotic (2.58×105 cfu/ml) and enzyme supplemented diets (1.45×105 cfu/ml). Total coliform count of birds fed antibiotic diet was significantly (p<0.05) lower (14.12×105 cfu/ml) than for those on other diets. Total Escherichia coli count was highest in birds fed antibiotic while least was observed in birds fed mixture of probiotics + enzyme diet. Photomicrographs of the ileum of birds fed basal diet showed sloughed mucosa layer and degenerated villi. However birds fed antibiotic, probiotic, enzyme or probiotic+enzyme diets showed normal mucosa layer with normal villi, the lamina proprial showed normal tissues with mild infiltrate. In conclusion, feed supplements used in this study can serve as viable alternatives to antibiotics in broiler nutrition without compromising birds’ health.
{"title":"Influence of enzyme and probiotic supplementation on growth performance and gut health of broiler chicken","authors":"V. F. Soneye, R. O. Ahmed, B. Omidiwura, A. Agboola, H. O. Majolagbe","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2021.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2021.252","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the effects of enzyme, probiotic or their combinations on growth response, microbiota and gut histopathological indices of broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty (150) one-day old unsexed Arbor Acre broiler chicks were weighed and randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments; each diet had 5 replicates of 6 birds each in the study that lasted for 42 days. Treatment 1 consists of the basal diet (negative control; NC): Treatment 2 was NC+0.1% antibiotic (positive control), Treatment 3: NC+0.4% probiotic, Treatment 4: NC+0.1% enzyme and Treatment 5: NC+0.4% probiotic+0.1% enzyme. Performance indices were measured. On day 42, ileal digesta was collected from two birds per replicate for microbial count while about 5 cm of distal ileum was severed for histopathology. The results showed that diets had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the performance of birds at the starter and finisher phases. Total heterotrophic counts of birds fed with basal and probiotic diets were similar but significantly (p<0.05) higher than other diets. The highest Lactobacilli count was recorded in the mixture of probiotic + enzyme diet while least was observed in probiotic (2.58×105 cfu/ml) and enzyme supplemented diets (1.45×105 cfu/ml). Total coliform count of birds fed antibiotic diet was significantly (p<0.05) lower (14.12×105 cfu/ml) than for those on other diets. Total Escherichia coli count was highest in birds fed antibiotic while least was observed in birds fed mixture of probiotics + enzyme diet. Photomicrographs of the ileum of birds fed basal diet showed sloughed mucosa layer and degenerated villi. However birds fed antibiotic, probiotic, enzyme or probiotic+enzyme diets showed normal mucosa layer with normal villi, the lamina proprial showed normal tissues with mild infiltrate. In conclusion, feed supplements used in this study can serve as viable alternatives to antibiotics in broiler nutrition without compromising birds’ health.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131630012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaned Bali calves was studied. Twelve Bali calves aged 4 months with average early body weight 40 kg and standard error 1.3 kg were used in this experiment. Completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were CT0 (complete feed without Eucheuma cottonii, CT5 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 5%), CT10 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 10%), and CT15 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 15%). The results on nutrient intake indicated that there were no significantly differences (p>0.05) among treatments by Bali calves. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) of treatments on crude protein and fiber digestibility, however, digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were same among 5, 10, and 15 % level of rejected E. cottonii in complete feed. There were significantly different (p<0.05) of treatments on blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. Providing rejected E. cottonii 15% in the complete feed produced generally the highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. There were no significantly different (p>0.05) of treatments on body weight gain and body linear measures of Bali calves. It was concluded that 1) dry matter and other nutrient intake were the same between early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with or without rejected E. cottonii, 2) digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE of complete feed differed among treatments. The lowest digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. Digestibility of CP and CF were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with and without rejected E. cottonii, 3) blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration differed among treatments. The lowest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. The highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were general at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with 15% rejected E. cottonii, 4) daily body weight gain and linear body measures were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with or without rejected E. cottonii.
{"title":"Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaning Bali calves","authors":"I. Benu, I. Jelantik, T. T. Nikolaus, Jalaludin","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.238","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of rejected Eucheuma cottonii level in complete feed on nutrient intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and body weight gain of early weaned Bali calves was studied. Twelve Bali calves aged 4 months with average early body weight 40 kg and standard error 1.3 kg were used in this experiment. Completely randomized design was applied with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were CT0 (complete feed without Eucheuma cottonii, CT5 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 5%), CT10 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 10%), and CT15 (complete feed plus Eucheuma cottonii 15%). The results on nutrient intake indicated that there were no significantly differences (p>0.05) among treatments by Bali calves. There were also no significant differences (p>0.05) of treatments on crude protein and fiber digestibility, however, digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were same among 5, 10, and 15 % level of rejected E. cottonii in complete feed. There were significantly different (p<0.05) of treatments on blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. Providing rejected E. cottonii 15% in the complete feed produced generally the highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K of Bali calves. There were no significantly different (p>0.05) of treatments on body weight gain and body linear measures of Bali calves. It was concluded that 1) dry matter and other nutrient intake were the same between early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with or without rejected E. cottonii, 2) digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE of complete feed differed among treatments. The lowest digestibility of DM, OM, EE, and NFE were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. Digestibility of CP and CF were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with and without rejected E. cottonii, 3) blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration differed among treatments. The lowest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed without rejected E. cottonii. The highest blood urea, glucose, protein, Mg, and K concentration were general at early weaned Bali calves consumed complete feed with 15% rejected E. cottonii, 4) daily body weight gain and linear body measures were same among early weaned Bali calves consumed both with or without rejected E. cottonii.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114754962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and February 2016 in Hawassa town, SNNPR, Ethiopia to determine the overall mastitis prevalence and identify the role of some selected risk factors in 183 randomly selected small holder lactating dairy cows of 53 high grade Holstein Friesian, 113 Holstein indigenous zebu cross and 17 indigenous zebu breeds. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk, udder or cow. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis determined by using indicator paper test. From total 183 lactating dairy cows examined for bovine mastitis 9(4.9%) had clinical mastitis, while 56(30.6%) subclinical mastitis. Out of 9(4.9%) clinical mastitis, 9.43 and 3.53% occurred in high grade Holstein and Holstein indigenous zebu, respectively, but indigenous zebu breed was found not affected. Subclinical mastitis at cow level based on indicator paper test was significantly high (32.07%) in Holstein, (30.9%) in cross breed and (23.5%) in indigenous zebu (p<0.05). Quarter level subclinical mastitis prevalence based on indicator paper test was 32.07, 30.2% and 23.5% in Holstein, cross breed and indigenous zebu, respectively. From the potential risk factors considered, breed (X2=17.3, p<0.05), presence of teat lesion and tick infestation (X2=7.73, p<0.05), stage of lactation (X2=13.8, p<0.05), and parity number (X2=19.4, p<0.05) had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred by both clinical and subclinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigation and control measures.
{"title":"Prevalence of bovine mastitis in smallholder lactating dairy farms in Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Kalo, Amanuel Ashebo, Mulugeta Sosango","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.219","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and February 2016 in Hawassa town, SNNPR, Ethiopia to determine the overall mastitis prevalence and identify the role of some selected risk factors in 183 randomly selected small holder lactating dairy cows of 53 high grade Holstein Friesian, 113 Holstein indigenous zebu cross and 17 indigenous zebu breeds. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined through examination of abnormalities of milk, udder or cow. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis determined by using indicator paper test. From total 183 lactating dairy cows examined for bovine mastitis 9(4.9%) had clinical mastitis, while 56(30.6%) subclinical mastitis. Out of 9(4.9%) clinical mastitis, 9.43 and 3.53% occurred in high grade Holstein and Holstein indigenous zebu, respectively, but indigenous zebu breed was found not affected. Subclinical mastitis at cow level based on indicator paper test was significantly high (32.07%) in Holstein, (30.9%) in cross breed and (23.5%) in indigenous zebu (p<0.05). Quarter level subclinical mastitis prevalence based on indicator paper test was 32.07, 30.2% and 23.5% in Holstein, cross breed and indigenous zebu, respectively. From the potential risk factors considered, breed (X2=17.3, p<0.05), presence of teat lesion and tick infestation (X2=7.73, p<0.05), stage of lactation (X2=13.8, p<0.05), and parity number (X2=19.4, p<0.05) had significant effect on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred by both clinical and subclinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigation and control measures.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"87 15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated ethno-veterinary practice being used in treating small ruminants’ diseases in Ilara-mokin area of Ondo State. Structured questionnaires were used in the study area to collect primary data. Twenty-one people were randomly selected from different areas of Ilara-mokin which included Golf community, central market, central health centre, Iloro, petrol station and Baale central and Abbattoir. Different medicinal plants which include Ocimum gratissimum, Crested Cockscomb, Chromolaena odorata, Elaeis guinensis, Momordica charantia, Vernonia amygdalina, Nicotiana tabacum and Zingiber officinale were identified to treat ruminant diseases. The diseases were categorized based on environmental or microbial diseases. Pest identified in the study area was mite that caused mange. Indigenous knowledge was been practiced in the village and there is need for conservation of the specie of ruminant that is going into extinction and medicinal plants used within the town
{"title":"Ethnoveterinary practice used for treating ruminant diseases in Ilara-mokin, Ondo State","authors":"G. O. Agbowuro, S. Adewole, A. A. Bada","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.207","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated ethno-veterinary practice being used in treating small ruminants’ diseases in Ilara-mokin area of Ondo State. Structured questionnaires were used in the study area to collect primary data. Twenty-one people were randomly selected from different areas of Ilara-mokin which included Golf community, central market, central health centre, Iloro, petrol station and Baale central and Abbattoir. Different medicinal plants which include Ocimum gratissimum, Crested Cockscomb, Chromolaena odorata, Elaeis guinensis, Momordica charantia, Vernonia amygdalina, Nicotiana tabacum and Zingiber officinale were identified to treat ruminant diseases. The diseases were categorized based on environmental or microbial diseases. Pest identified in the study area was mite that caused mange. Indigenous knowledge was been practiced in the village and there is need for conservation of the specie of ruminant that is going into extinction and medicinal plants used within the town","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134374741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experimental feeding trial conducted for 28 days was carried out to examine the serum biochemistry and haematological responses, organ proportion of broiler starter chickens fed graded levels of palm oil mill effluent (POME). A total of 240 (two hundred and forty) day old marshal broiler chicks strain were used for the study. The chicks were divided into 5 (five) treatment groups and within each group, replicated 4 (four) times at 12 chicks per replicate, feed and water were given ad libitum. Different graded/replacement levels of POME with maize at diet 1(control) (0%), diet 2 (6%), diet 3 (12%), diet 4 (18%) and diet 5 (24%) respectively were investigated to ascertain the health implications in feeding broiler chicks with POME by the blood profile and serum biochemical assessment in the study, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) using SPSS version 20, results were interpreted using Duncan New Multiple Range Test for means separation. Dietary POME intake affects significantly (p<0.05) serum protein, glucose blood levels, enzymes, cholesterol, triglyceride and haematological profile. Organs proportion like, liver, lungs, kidney, pancreas and large intestine were (p<0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Serum total protein, plasma protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea and alanine amino transferase and white blood cell were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Glucose, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, pack cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, significantly increased (p<0.05). Cholesterol blood levels for diet 5 was higher (p<0.05). Triglyceride blood levels for control diet was higher (p<0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels for diet 3 were (p<0.05) lowest. From the results obtained from these findings, POME may have possessed some nutritional values required to improve health and reproductive performance of the broiler chickens as alternative feeds replacement for maize.
本试验旨在研究饲喂不同水平棕榈油厂废液(POME)的肉仔鸡28 d的血清生化、血液学反应和器官比例。试验选用240只(240只)日龄元帅肉鸡品系。将雏鸡分为5(5)个处理组，每组重复4(4)次，每个重复12只鸡，饲料和水自由饲喂。采用完全随机设计(CRD)，研究了饲粮1(对照)(0%)、饲粮2(6%)、饲粮3(12%)、饲粮4(18%)和饲粮5(24%)不同水平玉米POME分级/替代水平POME对饲粮肉鸡健康的影响。收集的数据使用SPSS version 20进行方差分析(ANOVA)，结果使用Duncan New多元极差检验进行均值分离。饲粮POME摄入量显著影响血清蛋白、血糖、酶、胆固醇、甘油三酯和血液学指标(p<0.05)。饲料处理对肝脏、肺、肾、胰腺、大肠等脏器比例有显著影响(p<0.05)。血清总蛋白、血浆蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、肌酐、尿素和丙氨酸氨基转移酶、白细胞显著降低(p<0.05)。葡萄糖、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、包细胞体积、红细胞、血红蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度显著升高(p<0.05)。饲粮5的血胆固醇水平高于对照组(p<0.05)。对照组血甘油三酯水平较高(p<0.05)。饲粮3的胆固醇和甘油三酯水平最低(p<0.05)。从这些发现获得的结果来看，POME作为玉米的替代饲料可能具有改善肉鸡健康和繁殖性能所需的一些营养价值。
{"title":"Serum biochemistry, haematological profile and organ proportion of broiler starter chicks fed graded levels of palm oil mill effluent (POME)","authors":"J. Nathaniel, E. Nsa, W. Amaduruonye, C. A. Agida","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.235","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental feeding trial conducted for 28 days was carried out to examine the serum biochemistry and haematological responses, organ proportion of broiler starter chickens fed graded levels of palm oil mill effluent (POME). A total of 240 (two hundred and forty) day old marshal broiler chicks strain were used for the study. The chicks were divided into 5 (five) treatment groups and within each group, replicated 4 (four) times at 12 chicks per replicate, feed and water were given ad libitum. Different graded/replacement levels of POME with maize at diet 1(control) (0%), diet 2 (6%), diet 3 (12%), diet 4 (18%) and diet 5 (24%) respectively were investigated to ascertain the health implications in feeding broiler chicks with POME by the blood profile and serum biochemical assessment in the study, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) using SPSS version 20, results were interpreted using Duncan New Multiple Range Test for means separation. Dietary POME intake affects significantly (p<0.05) serum protein, glucose blood levels, enzymes, cholesterol, triglyceride and haematological profile. Organs proportion like, liver, lungs, kidney, pancreas and large intestine were (p<0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Serum total protein, plasma protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea and alanine amino transferase and white blood cell were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Glucose, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, pack cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, significantly increased (p<0.05). Cholesterol blood levels for diet 5 was higher (p<0.05). Triglyceride blood levels for control diet was higher (p<0.05). Cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels for diet 3 were (p<0.05) lowest. From the results obtained from these findings, POME may have possessed some nutritional values required to improve health and reproductive performance of the broiler chickens as alternative feeds replacement for maize.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114517359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of graded level of local brewery by-product (atella) replacement to concentrate mixture on feed intake; digestibility and bodyweight change of Dorper-Menz crossbred lambs fed hay basal diet. The feeding period of 90 days was preceded by 15 days of acclimatization period. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with five treatments: T1 [control, hay ad libtium], T2 [25% atella + 75% concentrate mix]; T3 [50% atella + 50% concentrate mix]; T4 [75% atella + 25% concentrate mix] and T5 [100% atella]. Body weight changes were monitored fortnightly for 112 days. At the end of experiment, animals were fitted with feces collection bags and daily feces excretion was collected for seven days. Fecal output of each animal was thoroughly mixed and 20% of the voided feces were sampled to make a composite of fecal samples for each animal over the collection period. The fecal samples were stored frozen at -20°C until processing for chemical analysis. Data on feed intake, body weight change, and digestibility were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure. The protein and energy contents of atella are high enough to increase intake, digestibility and could be categorized as medium protein feed. Atella alone or at different level with commercial concentrate mixture has significantly increased body weight gain of crossbred sheep. The positive weight gain results of atella supplemented group clearly indicate supplementation of dried atella could be recommended for fattening Dorper-Menz crossbred male lamb. Atella may lose some volatile nutrients during drying process and further research is needed to compare wet atella with dried one.
{"title":"Feed intake, digestibility and growth performance of Dorper-Menz cross bred sheep fed local brewery by-product (Atella) and concentrate mixture at different levels of combination","authors":"Kokeb M., M. Y., T. M.","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.221","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of graded level of local brewery by-product (atella) replacement to concentrate mixture on feed intake; digestibility and bodyweight change of Dorper-Menz crossbred lambs fed hay basal diet. The feeding period of 90 days was preceded by 15 days of acclimatization period. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with five treatments: T1 [control, hay ad libtium], T2 [25% atella + 75% concentrate mix]; T3 [50% atella + 50% concentrate mix]; T4 [75% atella + 25% concentrate mix] and T5 [100% atella]. Body weight changes were monitored fortnightly for 112 days. At the end of experiment, animals were fitted with feces collection bags and daily feces excretion was collected for seven days. Fecal output of each animal was thoroughly mixed and 20% of the voided feces were sampled to make a composite of fecal samples for each animal over the collection period. The fecal samples were stored frozen at -20°C until processing for chemical analysis. Data on feed intake, body weight change, and digestibility were subjected to analysis of variance using the General Linear Model procedure. The protein and energy contents of atella are high enough to increase intake, digestibility and could be categorized as medium protein feed. Atella alone or at different level with commercial concentrate mixture has significantly increased body weight gain of crossbred sheep. The positive weight gain results of atella supplemented group clearly indicate supplementation of dried atella could be recommended for fattening Dorper-Menz crossbred male lamb. Atella may lose some volatile nutrients during drying process and further research is needed to compare wet atella with dried one.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122468581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study with the objectives to identify calf management and husbandry practices and to investigate the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors was conducted in South Omo Zone from 2015 to 2016. A total of 85 calf owners were interviewed and 255 calves of those farmers were longitudinally followed for six months from the very first day of their birth. Accordingly, retained placenta 17/85 (20%), narrow pelvic outlet 17/85 (17.6%) and prolonged labour 8/85 (9.4%) were ranked as maternal-related calving problems whereas, ‘navel ill’ 34/85 (40.0%), dead birth 9/85 (10.6%), oversized calve 16/85 (18.8%) and abnormal presentation 9/85 (10.6%) were identified as calf-related problems. The traditional healers 31/85 (36.47%) and veterinarians 24/85 (28.23%) were dominant calving assistants in the study areas. Moreover, bloody diarrhea 24/85 (28.2%), ectoparasites 10/85 (11.8%), pneumonia 7/85 (8.2%) and constipation 3/85 (3.5%) were categorized as the major health problems that frequently affected the calves. From the calves longitudinally followed, 85 calves (33.3%) were encountered different health problems which resulted in calf morbidity and mortality. Identified health problems were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with study sites, sex and breed of calves. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, six variables (calf housing system, dam vaccination history, colostrum feeding frequency, calf house clearing frequency, parity of the dam and calf delivery problem) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with calf morbidity. However, none of the variables was significantly associated with calf mortality. Through six months follow-up, 4.41% crude calf mortality rate was recorded. Sudden death with unknown cause, bloody diarrhea, pneumonia, “evil eye” and physical damages were responsible for 36.36, 18.18, 18.18, 9.09 and 18.18% case fatality and responsible for 1.60, 0.80, 0.80, 0.40 and 0.80% crude mortality respectively. The crude mortality varies among sex; 3.13 and 6.67% respectively in male and female calves. Similarly, it was relatively higher in calves under one week of age (5.73%) and decreasing as the calf’s age increased. It can be concluded that improving herd management and husbandry practices which negatively affecting calf health could minimize calf morbidity and mortality. Moreover, improving the whole herd health system and awareness creation to calve owners to improve the dynamism of their future replacement calve is very important in this area.
{"title":"Study on the causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia","authors":"Tekle Olbamo, Adisu Tadele, Senait Getachew, Tegegn Tesfaye","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.223","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study with the objectives to identify calf management and husbandry practices and to investigate the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors was conducted in South Omo Zone from 2015 to 2016. A total of 85 calf owners were interviewed and 255 calves of those farmers were longitudinally followed for six months from the very first day of their birth. Accordingly, retained placenta 17/85 (20%), narrow pelvic outlet 17/85 (17.6%) and prolonged labour 8/85 (9.4%) were ranked as maternal-related calving problems whereas, ‘navel ill’ 34/85 (40.0%), dead birth 9/85 (10.6%), oversized calve 16/85 (18.8%) and abnormal presentation 9/85 (10.6%) were identified as calf-related problems. The traditional healers 31/85 (36.47%) and veterinarians 24/85 (28.23%) were dominant calving assistants in the study areas. Moreover, bloody diarrhea 24/85 (28.2%), ectoparasites 10/85 (11.8%), pneumonia 7/85 (8.2%) and constipation 3/85 (3.5%) were categorized as the major health problems that frequently affected the calves. From the calves longitudinally followed, 85 calves (33.3%) were encountered different health problems which resulted in calf morbidity and mortality. Identified health problems were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with study sites, sex and breed of calves. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, six variables (calf housing system, dam vaccination history, colostrum feeding frequency, calf house clearing frequency, parity of the dam and calf delivery problem) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with calf morbidity. However, none of the variables was significantly associated with calf mortality. Through six months follow-up, 4.41% crude calf mortality rate was recorded. Sudden death with unknown cause, bloody diarrhea, pneumonia, “evil eye” and physical damages were responsible for 36.36, 18.18, 18.18, 9.09 and 18.18% case fatality and responsible for 1.60, 0.80, 0.80, 0.40 and 0.80% crude mortality respectively. The crude mortality varies among sex; 3.13 and 6.67% respectively in male and female calves. Similarly, it was relatively higher in calves under one week of age (5.73%) and decreasing as the calf’s age increased. It can be concluded that improving herd management and husbandry practices which negatively affecting calf health could minimize calf morbidity and mortality. Moreover, improving the whole herd health system and awareness creation to calve owners to improve the dynamism of their future replacement calve is very important in this area.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124988067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scarcity of feeder stock of Bali cattle (Bos javonicus domesticus) in Kupang Regency is currently increasing. One of the contributing factors is the difference in management between the fattening business that produces beef cattle and the breeding business that produces feeders and heifers. The research aims to determine: the interaction between actors to increase the supply of feeder; the behavior of feeder population based on actual stock management, and the necessary policy interventions to increase the supply of feeder. The research was conducted by applying a dynamics systems approach. This modelling used ventana systems software. Data and mental models were collected through observation, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that the interaction between actors was limited to the marketing of cattle for both local and domestic markets. The actual feeders supply management shows that cattle population tends to decline due to low calving rate (70%), high calves mortality (35%), and the high slaughtering of productive females (80%). The necessary policy interventions are to implement various efforts to increase the calving rate to be 80%, reduce the mortality rate by applying 2% feed supplementation, and reduce the sales of productive females to be 50%. The actual supply management of Bali feeders needs to be engineered by increasing stakeholder services that coordinate synergistically for learning innovation and technology. It is necessary to establish a breeder cooperative to suppress the sale of productive cows as the cause of its high slaughtering
{"title":"Policy for increasing feeder stock of Bali cattle (Bos javonicus domesticus) in Kupang District","authors":"M. Krova, M. M. Kleden, M. F. Lalus","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.242","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of feeder stock of Bali cattle (Bos javonicus domesticus) in Kupang Regency is currently increasing. One of the contributing factors is the difference in management between the fattening business that produces beef cattle and the breeding business that produces feeders and heifers. The research aims to determine: the interaction between actors to increase the supply of feeder; the behavior of feeder population based on actual stock management, and the necessary policy interventions to increase the supply of feeder. The research was conducted by applying a dynamics systems approach. This modelling used ventana systems software. Data and mental models were collected through observation, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The results showed that the interaction between actors was limited to the marketing of cattle for both local and domestic markets. The actual feeders supply management shows that cattle population tends to decline due to low calving rate (70%), high calves mortality (35%), and the high slaughtering of productive females (80%). The necessary policy interventions are to implement various efforts to increase the calving rate to be 80%, reduce the mortality rate by applying 2% feed supplementation, and reduce the sales of productive females to be 50%. The actual supply management of Bali feeders needs to be engineered by increasing stakeholder services that coordinate synergistically for learning innovation and technology. It is necessary to establish a breeder cooperative to suppress the sale of productive cows as the cause of its high slaughtering","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an economically important, endemic in many parts of the globe, and regarded as high prevalent disease of domestic and wild animals, especially ruminants, which is manifest as chronic granulomatous enteritis with decreased milk production, with serious cases resulting in progressive emaciation and death. Understanding the genetic variability of MAP, strains are important in diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, and therefore the formation of strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Thus, this study was designed to grasp the molecular characterization of MAP isolates of Nepal, as pioneer research of this area. Total of 46 MAP isolates obtained from cattle population of three different locations of dairy pocket areas of Chitwan, Nepal were typed using IS1311 polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA) to research the MAP genotype of Nepal. The extracted DNA samples (n=46) were analyzed for the presence of MAP specific sequences (IS900) using PCR and DNA samples were further subjected to genotype differentiation using IS1311 PCR-REA and IS1311 L2 PCR-REA methods. All the DNA samples were positive for the entire three MAP specific sequences based PCRs. This study revealed that ‘Bison type’ strain is the single most prevalent MAP genotype circulating within the domestic cattle population of Nepal. IS1311 PCR-REA showed that MAP DNA samples of Nepal origin belonged to ‘Bison type’, whereas, IS1311 L2 PCR-REA method showed similarity with "Indian Bison type" and different restriction profiles of ‘Bison type’ genotype as compared to non-Indian strains. The study concludes that in Nepal, "Bison type" MAP stains was prevalent in all the MAP samples obtained from dairy cattle. These results have important epidemiological implications regarding control and prevention of paratuberculosis in Nepal.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy cattle of Nepal","authors":"U. Singh, I. Dhakal, S. Singh, B. Devkota","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.241","url":null,"abstract":"Paratuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is an economically important, endemic in many parts of the globe, and regarded as high prevalent disease of domestic and wild animals, especially ruminants, which is manifest as chronic granulomatous enteritis with decreased milk production, with serious cases resulting in progressive emaciation and death. Understanding the genetic variability of MAP, strains are important in diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, and therefore the formation of strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Thus, this study was designed to grasp the molecular characterization of MAP isolates of Nepal, as pioneer research of this area. Total of 46 MAP isolates obtained from cattle population of three different locations of dairy pocket areas of Chitwan, Nepal were typed using IS1311 polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis (PCR-REA) to research the MAP genotype of Nepal. The extracted DNA samples (n=46) were analyzed for the presence of MAP specific sequences (IS900) using PCR and DNA samples were further subjected to genotype differentiation using IS1311 PCR-REA and IS1311 L2 PCR-REA methods. All the DNA samples were positive for the entire three MAP specific sequences based PCRs. This study revealed that ‘Bison type’ strain is the single most prevalent MAP genotype circulating within the domestic cattle population of Nepal. IS1311 PCR-REA showed that MAP DNA samples of Nepal origin belonged to ‘Bison type’, whereas, IS1311 L2 PCR-REA method showed similarity with \"Indian Bison type\" and different restriction profiles of ‘Bison type’ genotype as compared to non-Indian strains. The study concludes that in Nepal, \"Bison type\" MAP stains was prevalent in all the MAP samples obtained from dairy cattle. These results have important epidemiological implications regarding control and prevention of paratuberculosis in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123147765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of pigweed (Amaranthus) as an alternative source of iron supplementation in piglets. The paper further established whether there are differences in iron content among the three (3) species of Amaranthus used in the study. The three (3) species of amaranthus used in the study included Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus hybridus. Three (3) samples of each species were randomly selected and each sample was replicated three (3) times giving nine (9) samples for each and a total of twenty seven (27) samples. The samples were designated as A, B and C for A. spinosus, A. palmeri and A. hybridus respectively. The iron contents were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after ashing and dissolving in acid. Differences among treatment means were compared using F-test. The study revealed that the three (3) species differed significantly (p<0.05) in iron content with hybridus having the highest content. The current study recommends that farmers consider the use of hybridus species as an alternative source of iron supplement in piglets. The study further recommends that further research on the feeding trial be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the hybridus species on the growth performance of piglets.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of iron levels in different pigweed (Amaranthus) varieties as an alternative source of iron supplement in piglets","authors":"Gladys Kambalami","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2017.0597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2017.0597","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of pigweed (Amaranthus) as an alternative source of iron supplementation in piglets. The paper further established whether there are differences in iron content among the three (3) species of Amaranthus used in the study. The three (3) species of amaranthus used in the study included Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus hybridus. Three (3) samples of each species were randomly selected and each sample was replicated three (3) times giving nine (9) samples for each and a total of twenty seven (27) samples. The samples were designated as A, B and C for A. spinosus, A. palmeri and A. hybridus respectively. The iron contents were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after ashing and dissolving in acid. Differences among treatment means were compared using F-test. The study revealed that the three (3) species differed significantly (p<0.05) in iron content with hybridus having the highest content. The current study recommends that farmers consider the use of hybridus species as an alternative source of iron supplement in piglets. The study further recommends that further research on the feeding trial be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the hybridus species on the growth performance of piglets.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130358847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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