Olorungbemi Elijah Pelumi, B. Joshua, Solomon Kadiya Audu, K. N. Anueyiagu, Shehu Abdulazeez Haji
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of coliform bacteria and fungi in ovine and caprine raw milk in Plateau State of Nigeria. In a cross sectional study, a total of 412 milk samples were collected aseptically and 206 questionnaires form where data such as breed, age, parity, lactation stage, floor type, and husbandry system were analyzed. Ewes and does without clinical mastitis were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological assays and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to standard guidelines. Fungal assays and identification were done according to standard protocol. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis for ewes and does were 28.2 and 35.8% respectively. Out of the risk factors examined, age and floor type showed statistically significant relationship with mastitis. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. The highest coliform isolated among the ewes with 38% prevalence was E. coli and the least was S. marcescens with 2.5%. Among the does, E coli had the highest prevalence as well with 43.1% and E. aerogenes the least with 1.5%. Aspergillus species had 49 isolates out of the 94 fungal isolates (52.1%) of mycotic agents of mastitis in small ruminants. Most antibiotics used in this study showed extremely high level of antimicrobial resistance especially for Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 45/79 (57.0%) and 53/65 (81.5%) in coliforms isolated from ewes and does respectively. The principle of one health approach which targets the environment, animals and humans should be considered important. Sensitization of pastoralists on good hygienic measures, and treatment of animals by qualified and registered veterinary personnel should be intensified.
{"title":"Prevalence and antibiogram of coliform bacteria, and occurrence of fungi in subclinical mastitis in small ruminants in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"Olorungbemi Elijah Pelumi, B. Joshua, Solomon Kadiya Audu, K. N. Anueyiagu, Shehu Abdulazeez Haji","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.206","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of coliform bacteria and fungi in ovine and caprine raw milk in Plateau State of Nigeria. In a cross sectional study, a total of 412 milk samples were collected aseptically and 206 questionnaires form where data such as breed, age, parity, lactation stage, floor type, and husbandry system were analyzed. Ewes and does without clinical mastitis were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine the presence of subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological assays and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to standard guidelines. Fungal assays and identification were done according to standard protocol. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis for ewes and does were 28.2 and 35.8% respectively. Out of the risk factors examined, age and floor type showed statistically significant relationship with mastitis. Coliforms isolated from milk samples included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens. The highest coliform isolated among the ewes with 38% prevalence was E. coli and the least was S. marcescens with 2.5%. Among the does, E coli had the highest prevalence as well with 43.1% and E. aerogenes the least with 1.5%. Aspergillus species had 49 isolates out of the 94 fungal isolates (52.1%) of mycotic agents of mastitis in small ruminants. Most antibiotics used in this study showed extremely high level of antimicrobial resistance especially for Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 45/79 (57.0%) and 53/65 (81.5%) in coliforms isolated from ewes and does respectively. The principle of one health approach which targets the environment, animals and humans should be considered important. Sensitization of pastoralists on good hygienic measures, and treatment of animals by qualified and registered veterinary personnel should be intensified.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"57 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Yadav, S. Rimal, S. Yadav, Anushka Rajbhandari, Renu Yadav
Caecum impaction is a condition, caused by poor dentition, a sudden change in food, parasitism, and coarse roughages in which caecum remains impacted with indigestible food mass resulting in colic along with depression and anorexia. A 10-month, indigenous Terai mixed breed, male goat having weight 15 Kg was brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Paklihawa, Province Number 5, Nepal, with complaints of anorexia, abdominal swelling, history of excessive wheat flour feeding, and no faecal discharge for two days. Temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate were 102.2oF, 130/minute, and 28/minute respectively. On physical examination, a heterogeneous rod-shaped mass was felt in the right caudal abdomen and abdominal ultrasonography revealed mixed echoism pattern in the lumen of caecum indicating the presence of a foreign body in the caecal region. Laparotomy parallel to the last rib on right paralumbar fossa followed by typhlotomy were performed. Semi-digested hard faeces were milked out manually through caecum and incision was corrected properly. The goat was kept under observation with post-operative care for seven days till the complete recovery. Thus, this case study described a rare case of caecum impaction due to semi-digested feeding particles in goat.
{"title":"Caecum impaction in goat: A case study","authors":"G. Yadav, S. Rimal, S. Yadav, Anushka Rajbhandari, Renu Yadav","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.205","url":null,"abstract":"Caecum impaction is a condition, caused by poor dentition, a sudden change in food, parasitism, and coarse roughages in which caecum remains impacted with indigestible food mass resulting in colic along with depression and anorexia. A 10-month, indigenous Terai mixed breed, male goat having weight 15 Kg was brought to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Paklihawa, Province Number 5, Nepal, with complaints of anorexia, abdominal swelling, history of excessive wheat flour feeding, and no faecal discharge for two days. Temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate were 102.2oF, 130/minute, and 28/minute respectively. On physical examination, a heterogeneous rod-shaped mass was felt in the right caudal abdomen and abdominal ultrasonography revealed mixed echoism pattern in the lumen of caecum indicating the presence of a foreign body in the caecal region. Laparotomy parallel to the last rib on right paralumbar fossa followed by typhlotomy were performed. Semi-digested hard faeces were milked out manually through caecum and incision was corrected properly. The goat was kept under observation with post-operative care for seven days till the complete recovery. Thus, this case study described a rare case of caecum impaction due to semi-digested feeding particles in goat.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Sudan, the husbandry system of goats in urban and peri-urban areas subject them to kid in streets, under vehicles and in dirty environments thus exposing the newly born kids to the risk of predators, crush under vehicles, exposure to diseases and occasionally death due to the unattended difficult birth. Therefore, need to control time of kidding for survivability of kids and future fertility of the dam was the overall objective of this study. In a randomized block design experiment, twenty mid-term pregnant Nubian goats were assigned to four treatment groups namely, control (1), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment (2), dexamethasone treatment (3) and cesarean operation (4), with an overall aim of selecting an appropriate tool for elective induction of parturition that preserves life and health and future fertility of does as well as production of viable kids. The hormonal treatments and caesarean operation were performed on day 140 of gestation in all the treatments. The shortest induction time was seen with caesarean section (1.25±0.72 hours) and dexamethasone showed the longest time for induction (57.40±9.21 hours) followed by PGF2α treatment (29.00±1.37 hours). All the treatments resulted to ease of kidding, preserved the reproductive life of does and produced viable kids, except caesarean operation that significantly resulted in delayed placenta expulsion (22.20±2.86 hours) and delayed the time for resumption of ovarian cyclicity (58±5.25 days). In conclusion, the study recommended the use of prostaglandin F2α hormone as a valuable tool for strategic elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats because of its shortest induction time, early placental expulsion and return to ovarian activities.
{"title":"Approaches for elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats","authors":"M. Bakri, A. Jubara","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.209","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sudan, the husbandry system of goats in urban and peri-urban areas subject them to kid in streets, under vehicles and in dirty environments thus exposing the newly born kids to the risk of predators, crush under vehicles, exposure to diseases and occasionally death due to the unattended difficult birth. Therefore, need to control time of kidding for survivability of kids and future fertility of the dam was the overall objective of this study. In a randomized block design experiment, twenty mid-term pregnant Nubian goats were assigned to four treatment groups namely, control (1), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment (2), dexamethasone treatment (3) and cesarean operation (4), with an overall aim of selecting an appropriate tool for elective induction of parturition that preserves life and health and future fertility of does as well as production of viable kids. The hormonal treatments and caesarean operation were performed on day 140 of gestation in all the treatments. The shortest induction time was seen with caesarean section (1.25±0.72 hours) and dexamethasone showed the longest time for induction (57.40±9.21 hours) followed by PGF2α treatment (29.00±1.37 hours). All the treatments resulted to ease of kidding, preserved the reproductive life of does and produced viable kids, except caesarean operation that significantly resulted in delayed placenta expulsion (22.20±2.86 hours) and delayed the time for resumption of ovarian cyclicity (58±5.25 days). In conclusion, the study recommended the use of prostaglandin F2α hormone as a valuable tool for strategic elective induction of kidding in the Sudanese Nubian goats because of its shortest induction time, early placental expulsion and return to ovarian activities.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125638781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. John, Damina Paul Samuel, Lar Dorcas Pirbyen, Akila Faith, Jock Racheal John, Bangshik Henry Bulus, Tion Matthew Terzungwe, Olaolu Olushola Samuel, O. Ikejiofor, Ezema Kingsley Uwakwe
Dog ecology has impact on effectiveness of dog management and disease control strategies in a society. The study was carried out in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria from November 2017 to April 2018 to determine the ecological survey of owned dog population and ownership care system of dogs using questionnaires. Age, sex, breed, management of dogs, diseases knowledge and response to vaccination protocol among dog owners were analysed. Out of 600 households visited, 1,253 dogs were found with each house hold having an average of 2 dogs using incidental technique method. The dogs comprise of 583 males and 670 females out of which 26.5 and 23.5% where under intensive and extensive care system of management respectively, while 50% of the dogs were under semi-intensive care system. The major reasons for keeping these dogs are security (75.7%) and breeding (18.3%) and the rest is 6%, while the most common sources of dogs is through buying (60.1%). The vaccination coverage in the area surveyed was 70.3% while the most common occurring diseases as reported by the owners were found to be helminthosis (54.2%), myiasis (12.5%), mange (8.0%) and the rest is 25.3%. The result also showed male to female ratio of 1:1.2 and a dog to house ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, the respondents were aware of vaccination (79.8%) but some reported that the vaccination was not necessary (20.2%) and therefore did not vaccinate their pets. Among those that vaccinate, majority (64.9%) vaccinated against rabies disease only, despite helminthosis was the disease mostly reported by the respondents. It was recommended that intensive management care system of the dogs and adequate health care which includes proper de-worming and vaccinations with its vaccination schedule should be adopted by the owners in the study area. Awareness campaign on the need for vaccination of dogs should also be advanced in order to prevent the deadly diseases of pets in the locality.
{"title":"Ecological survey of dog population and ownership care system in Jos-south Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"C. John, Damina Paul Samuel, Lar Dorcas Pirbyen, Akila Faith, Jock Racheal John, Bangshik Henry Bulus, Tion Matthew Terzungwe, Olaolu Olushola Samuel, O. Ikejiofor, Ezema Kingsley Uwakwe","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.203","url":null,"abstract":"Dog ecology has impact on effectiveness of dog management and disease control strategies in a society. The study was carried out in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria from November 2017 to April 2018 to determine the ecological survey of owned dog population and ownership care system of dogs using questionnaires. Age, sex, breed, management of dogs, diseases knowledge and response to vaccination protocol among dog owners were analysed. Out of 600 households visited, 1,253 dogs were found with each house hold having an average of 2 dogs using incidental technique method. The dogs comprise of 583 males and 670 females out of which 26.5 and 23.5% where under intensive and extensive care system of management respectively, while 50% of the dogs were under semi-intensive care system. The major reasons for keeping these dogs are security (75.7%) and breeding (18.3%) and the rest is 6%, while the most common sources of dogs is through buying (60.1%). The vaccination coverage in the area surveyed was 70.3% while the most common occurring diseases as reported by the owners were found to be helminthosis (54.2%), myiasis (12.5%), mange (8.0%) and the rest is 25.3%. The result also showed male to female ratio of 1:1.2 and a dog to house ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, the respondents were aware of vaccination (79.8%) but some reported that the vaccination was not necessary (20.2%) and therefore did not vaccinate their pets. Among those that vaccinate, majority (64.9%) vaccinated against rabies disease only, despite helminthosis was the disease mostly reported by the respondents. It was recommended that intensive management care system of the dogs and adequate health care which includes proper de-worming and vaccinations with its vaccination schedule should be adopted by the owners in the study area. Awareness campaign on the need for vaccination of dogs should also be advanced in order to prevent the deadly diseases of pets in the locality.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115614771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gangrenous mastitis was managed in a 3-year-old lactating doe by partial mastectomy following unsuccessful medical management. The patient had progressive swelling, hardened and dark discolouration of its left half udder. There was left supra-mammary lymphadenopathy and an open wound at the proximal portion of the affected gland. The right half of the udder appeared normal and was warm to touch. Culture and sensitivity test of a swab sample from the open wound at the base of the affected mammary gland revealed Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species which were sensitive to amoxicillin, cloxicillin, gentamicin and chlortetracycline, but resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Mastectomy was indicated because of the chronic nature of the disease and the presence of gangrene. The procedure was carried out using a standard sterile technique, and a fenestrated drainage tube was placed. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 14 days post-surgery. The management protocol used in this case demonstrated that unilateral mastectomy with good post-surgical management could be used for effective management of gangrenous mastitis without complications while still preserving the unaffected gland for future lactation.
{"title":"Surgical management of gangrenous mastitis in a 3-year-old Red Sokoto doe: A case report","authors":"Z. Shehu, A. Yakubu, A. Jibril","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.180","url":null,"abstract":"Gangrenous mastitis was managed in a 3-year-old lactating doe by partial mastectomy following unsuccessful medical management. The patient had progressive swelling, hardened and dark discolouration of its left half udder. There was left supra-mammary lymphadenopathy and an open wound at the proximal portion of the affected gland. The right half of the udder appeared normal and was warm to touch. Culture and sensitivity test of a swab sample from the open wound at the base of the affected mammary gland revealed Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species which were sensitive to amoxicillin, cloxicillin, gentamicin and chlortetracycline, but resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. Mastectomy was indicated because of the chronic nature of the disease and the presence of gangrene. The procedure was carried out using a standard sterile technique, and a fenestrated drainage tube was placed. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 14 days post-surgery. The management protocol used in this case demonstrated that unilateral mastectomy with good post-surgical management could be used for effective management of gangrenous mastitis without complications while still preserving the unaffected gland for future lactation.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115954846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. M. Agaie, A. Aremu, K. Suleiman, M. Jibir, A. Basiru, A. O. Olatunji, G. J. Akorede, I. A. Odetokun, K. T. Biobaku, K. Onifade
Stress in transported bucks as food animals can cause generation of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which compromises the quality of chevon and could be detrimental to consumer’s health. This could also cause monetary losses which would affect that agro-economics. This prompted this study in which sixty apparently healthy Sahel bucks were investigated upon. There were two studies a therapeutic intervention study and a non intervention study respectively. All animals were subjected to long term transportation in the harmattan. The intervention study groups were pre-treated with xylazine, ascorbic acid, combination and control which had 6 animals each with each group having a sub-group that were stocked as and low and high stocking rates. While in the non- intervention study, 12 animals were separated to two groups of 6 each, stocked at high and low stocking with no pretreatment. Experimental animals were offloaded after undergoing a journey of 28 hours and were subsequently transported. They were later slaughtered by severing of the trachea, esophagus and all structures of the investing fascia of the neck. Chevon characteristics evaluated were shrinkage, water holding capacity, pH colour, cooking loss and for excitatory score at slaughter. The combination (xylazine-ascorbic acid) significantly (p<0.05) decreased in shrinkage percentage, and improved; empty body weight, ultimate pH and cooking loss percentage. There were significant (p<0.05) interactions between various treatment regimens and stocking rate on the following parameters: excitatory score at slaughter, water holding capacity, pH and colour in the intervention study. In non-intervention study, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the following parameters excitatory score at slaughter, empty body weight and luminosity in the meat colour due difference in stocking. Conclusively, this study gives credence that therapeutic intervention had effect on chevon quality when pretreated for transportation stress attenuation.
{"title":"Evaluation of chevon characteristics to assess xylazine and ascorbic acid efficacy in rendering welfare to bucks subjected to long road transportation and stocking stress","authors":"B. M. Agaie, A. Aremu, K. Suleiman, M. Jibir, A. Basiru, A. O. Olatunji, G. J. Akorede, I. A. Odetokun, K. T. Biobaku, K. Onifade","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.192","url":null,"abstract":"Stress in transported bucks as food animals can cause generation of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which compromises the quality of chevon and could be detrimental to consumer’s health. This could also cause monetary losses which would affect that agro-economics. This prompted this study in which sixty apparently healthy Sahel bucks were investigated upon. There were two studies a therapeutic intervention study and a non intervention study respectively. All animals were subjected to long term transportation in the harmattan. The intervention study groups were pre-treated with xylazine, ascorbic acid, combination and control which had 6 animals each with each group having a sub-group that were stocked as and low and high stocking rates. While in the non- intervention study, 12 animals were separated to two groups of 6 each, stocked at high and low stocking with no pretreatment. Experimental animals were offloaded after undergoing a journey of 28 hours and were subsequently transported. They were later slaughtered by severing of the trachea, esophagus and all structures of the investing fascia of the neck. Chevon characteristics evaluated were shrinkage, water holding capacity, pH colour, cooking loss and for excitatory score at slaughter. The combination (xylazine-ascorbic acid) significantly (p<0.05) decreased in shrinkage percentage, and improved; empty body weight, ultimate pH and cooking loss percentage. There were significant (p<0.05) interactions between various treatment regimens and stocking rate on the following parameters: excitatory score at slaughter, water holding capacity, pH and colour in the intervention study. In non-intervention study, there were significant (p<0.05) differences in the following parameters excitatory score at slaughter, empty body weight and luminosity in the meat colour due difference in stocking. Conclusively, this study gives credence that therapeutic intervention had effect on chevon quality when pretreated for transportation stress attenuation.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121640531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One hundred and eight 8 weeks old Harco (black) and Nera (white) cockerel strains were randomly allotted in 2 x 3 factorial design experiment to investigate the response of cockerel strains transported at different densities in hot humid ecological zone of Nigeria. Birds were transported in two ventilated wooden cages with a motorbike on a rough road at 30 km/hr for 2 hours at three densities [Low density (LD) = 0.86 m2, Medium density (MD) = 0.64 m2, and High density (HD) = 0.48 m2] and each replicated three times. Blood samples were collected pre and post transportation. Physiological indices {respiratory rate (RR), panting rate (PR), skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperature (RT)} were measured post-transportation. There was (p MD > HD}. Total white blood cell (WBC), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartarte amino transferase (AST), total protein (TP), and glucose had (p MD > LD}. Harco strain had higher values as compared to white strain birds. In conclusion, this study showed that transportation and density affected both strains of birds. White strain birds are relatively resistance to transportation stress as compared to Harco strain.
{"title":"Variation in hematological, biochemical parameters and physiological adaptation of cockerel strains to transportation density in a hot tropical environment","authors":"A. Babalola, A. Oguntunji, M. O. Ayoola","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2019.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2019.156","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred and eight 8 weeks old Harco (black) and Nera (white) cockerel strains were randomly allotted in 2 x 3 factorial design experiment to investigate the response of cockerel strains transported at different densities in hot humid ecological zone of Nigeria. Birds were transported in two ventilated wooden cages with a motorbike on a rough road at 30 km/hr for 2 hours at three densities [Low density (LD) = 0.86 m2, Medium density (MD) = 0.64 m2, and High density (HD) = 0.48 m2] and each replicated three times. Blood samples were collected pre and post transportation. Physiological indices {respiratory rate (RR), panting rate (PR), skin temperature (ST) and rectal temperature (RT)} were measured post-transportation. There was (p MD > HD}. Total white blood cell (WBC), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartarte amino transferase (AST), total protein (TP), and glucose had (p MD > LD}. Harco strain had higher values as compared to white strain birds. In conclusion, this study showed that transportation and density affected both strains of birds. White strain birds are relatively resistance to transportation stress as compared to Harco strain.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134350608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Bodinga, E. I. Oviawe, S. Buhari, B. Idris, I. Kabir, U. Adamu, A. Abubakar, A. Yakubu, N. Abubakar
Dystocia in small ruminants mostly occurs when the first or second stage of parturition is delayed. It may occur when the first stage could not progress to the second stage within 30 minutes. In this report, a 2-year-old Yankasa ewe weighing 40 kg was presented at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sokoto with complaints of straining and protruded mass around the vulva which was noticed 12 hours prior to presentation. Clinical examination revealed dullness, straining, a pinkish protruded mass through the vulva and pregnancy in the last trimester. Laboratory results indicated no parasite, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and bandemia. Manual obstetrical maneuvers were applied to deliver the fetuses but failed. The lambs were delivered through cesarean section and the prolapsed vagina was surgically managed. The dystocia was strongly believed to have occurred in this case due to faulty fetal disposition which subsequently led to vaginal prolapse as a result of unsuccessful straining in attempt to deliver. This case report indicated that vaginal prolapse may occur as a sequela to prolonged unsuccessful straining. The conditions were managed successfully without intra and postoperative complications and relapse.
{"title":"Management of dystocia due to faulty fetal disposition complicated with vaginal prolapse in a 2-year-old Yankasa ewe","authors":"H. Bodinga, E. I. Oviawe, S. Buhari, B. Idris, I. Kabir, U. Adamu, A. Abubakar, A. Yakubu, N. Abubakar","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.200","url":null,"abstract":"Dystocia in small ruminants mostly occurs when the first or second stage of parturition is delayed. It may occur when the first stage could not progress to the second stage within 30 minutes. In this report, a 2-year-old Yankasa ewe weighing 40 kg was presented at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sokoto with complaints of straining and protruded mass around the vulva which was noticed 12 hours prior to presentation. Clinical examination revealed dullness, straining, a pinkish protruded mass through the vulva and pregnancy in the last trimester. Laboratory results indicated no parasite, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and bandemia. Manual obstetrical maneuvers were applied to deliver the fetuses but failed. The lambs were delivered through cesarean section and the prolapsed vagina was surgically managed. The dystocia was strongly believed to have occurred in this case due to faulty fetal disposition which subsequently led to vaginal prolapse as a result of unsuccessful straining in attempt to deliver. This case report indicated that vaginal prolapse may occur as a sequela to prolonged unsuccessful straining. The conditions were managed successfully without intra and postoperative complications and relapse.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129744262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of pigs reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality from February, 2017 to June, 2017 using opportunistic random method. A total of 105 pigs were sampled to assess and identify different species of GI parasites of pig. For this study, faecal samples were collected from a total of 105 pigs’ reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality. The collected faecal samples were examined by differentiation floatation technique and sedimentation techniques for isolation of parasitic eggs and/or oocysts. Out of 105 samples tested, an overall prevalence of 88.57% GI parasite was observed. Eight types of parasites were identified in which Eimeria spp. showed the highest prevalence rate (42.8%) and Schistosoma suis to be lowest (4.76%). The study had also revealed that about 15.23 and 73.33% pigs had harbored mixed and single infection, respectively. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that location (χ2=9.233; p 0.05) were significantly and insignificantly associated with the infection of GI parasites in the study area respectively. There was statistical significance difference of the GI parasites with infection types in relation to locations (χ2= 9.5733; p 0.05). This study revealed that pig GI parasites were the major biological constraints contributing to the low productivity of pig and hampered the economic benefit obtained from the sector. Therefore, further detailed investigations are needed to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in pig farms in Chandragiri Municipality.
{"title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs (Sus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) of Chandragiri Municipality Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"J. Subedi, M. Khanal","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.195","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of pigs reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality from February, 2017 to June, 2017 using opportunistic random method. A total of 105 pigs were sampled to assess and identify different species of GI parasites of pig. For this study, faecal samples were collected from a total of 105 pigs’ reared in three different locations (Bishnu Devi, Kanchan Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality. The collected faecal samples were examined by differentiation floatation technique and sedimentation techniques for isolation of parasitic eggs and/or oocysts. Out of 105 samples tested, an overall prevalence of 88.57% GI parasite was observed. Eight types of parasites were identified in which Eimeria spp. showed the highest prevalence rate (42.8%) and Schistosoma suis to be lowest (4.76%). The study had also revealed that about 15.23 and 73.33% pigs had harbored mixed and single infection, respectively. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that location (χ2=9.233; p 0.05) were significantly and insignificantly associated with the infection of GI parasites in the study area respectively. There was statistical significance difference of the GI parasites with infection types in relation to locations (χ2= 9.5733; p 0.05). This study revealed that pig GI parasites were the major biological constraints contributing to the low productivity of pig and hampered the economic benefit obtained from the sector. Therefore, further detailed investigations are needed to formulate appropriate and cost-effective strategies for the control of gastrointestinal parasites in pig farms in Chandragiri Municipality.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tamboura, A. Kaboré, A. Konaté, H. Kaboré, M. Kiébré, F. Ouédraogo, A. Bélem
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the dry season from February to May 2016 to determine the prevalence of parasitic lesions and associated economic losses in small ruminants slaughtered in the slaughter area of Saaba, a rural community in the suburban area of Ouagadougou. To this end, an ante-mortem inspection (breed, age and sex) followed by a post-mortem inspection of the slaughtered small ruminants and a questionnaire survey of butchers on the selling prices of the seizures made were conducted and analyzed. The results of the post-mortem inspection indicated a total of 10,659 small ruminants inspected of which 4,598 sheep and 6,061 goats. The overall prevalence of parasitic lesions was 2.1%, of which 1.2% in sheep and 0.9% in goats. The injured organs of female small ruminants were significantly (p < 0.0001) more infested than those of males in all species of small ruminants. The organs affected and seized were intestines (74.3%), livers (12.8%), lungs (12.4%) and spleen (0.5%). The reasons for seizure were mainly abscesses, oesophagostomosis and parasitic nodules with a significant predominance of oesophagostomosis (p = 0.0098). The partial seizure of these organs by the inspecting officer was significantly more pronounced in goats than in sheep (p = 0.0006). The economic loss induced to butchers (in CFA francs, local currency) was estimated at 93,688.6 CFA francs, of which 78.1% was in sheep compared to 21.9% in goats. This study highlighted the importance of the economic losses caused by parasitic lesions in small ruminants during the dry season. Urgent measures should be envisaged to reduce the extent of these post-veterinary inspection losses in order to better combat malnutrition of the population and limit the spread of digestive parasitism in the country.
{"title":"Prevalence and economic importance of parasitic lesions in small ruminant in Saaba slaughter area, Burkina Faso","authors":"H. Tamboura, A. Kaboré, A. Konaté, H. Kaboré, M. Kiébré, F. Ouédraogo, A. Bélem","doi":"10.31248/JASVM2020.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASVM2020.189","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted in the dry season from February to May 2016 to determine the prevalence of parasitic lesions and associated economic losses in small ruminants slaughtered in the slaughter area of Saaba, a rural community in the suburban area of Ouagadougou. To this end, an ante-mortem inspection (breed, age and sex) followed by a post-mortem inspection of the slaughtered small ruminants and a questionnaire survey of butchers on the selling prices of the seizures made were conducted and analyzed. The results of the post-mortem inspection indicated a total of 10,659 small ruminants inspected of which 4,598 sheep and 6,061 goats. The overall prevalence of parasitic lesions was 2.1%, of which 1.2% in sheep and 0.9% in goats. The injured organs of female small ruminants were significantly (p < 0.0001) more infested than those of males in all species of small ruminants. The organs affected and seized were intestines (74.3%), livers (12.8%), lungs (12.4%) and spleen (0.5%). The reasons for seizure were mainly abscesses, oesophagostomosis and parasitic nodules with a significant predominance of oesophagostomosis (p = 0.0098). The partial seizure of these organs by the inspecting officer was significantly more pronounced in goats than in sheep (p = 0.0006). The economic loss induced to butchers (in CFA francs, local currency) was estimated at 93,688.6 CFA francs, of which 78.1% was in sheep compared to 21.9% in goats. This study highlighted the importance of the economic losses caused by parasitic lesions in small ruminants during the dry season. Urgent measures should be envisaged to reduce the extent of these post-veterinary inspection losses in order to better combat malnutrition of the population and limit the spread of digestive parasitism in the country.","PeriodicalId":383871,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123434186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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