Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.23
A. Qasim
Water quality of seasonal water rivers is on a quick decline due to various human activities arising as a result of urbanization and population growth. This study assessed the water quality of the Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk during two seasons: winter and summer (wet and dry). Thirty-seven water samples were collected from eight monitoring observation points along the Khassa-Chai river during October 2019 and March 2020. Water samples were analyzed for various parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), color, and dissolved oxygen (DO). These physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standards methods demonstrated by the American Public Health Association (APHA). To determine the significant difference, all the results obtained were statistically analyzed. In most results, higher concentrations are out of the indicated permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). It can be concluded that the most domestic wastewater effluents are discharged into the river, such as sewage coming from nearby houses and restaurants in addition to the solid waste produced from close commercial stores. To reduce the negative impact on water and human health, pollution sources need to be properly managed. The paper calls for further research to figure out the ability of the Khassa-Chai river to make the use of city water in improving the environment.
{"title":"Causes and side effects of changing water quality in Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk, Iraq","authors":"A. Qasim","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality of seasonal water rivers is on a quick decline due to various human activities arising as a result of urbanization and population growth. This study assessed the water quality of the Khassa-Chai river in Kirkuk during two seasons: winter and summer (wet and dry). Thirty-seven water samples were collected from eight monitoring observation points along the Khassa-Chai river during October 2019 and March 2020. Water samples were analyzed for various parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), color, and dissolved oxygen (DO). These physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standards methods demonstrated by the American Public Health Association (APHA). To determine the significant difference, all the results obtained were statistically analyzed. In most results, higher concentrations are out of the indicated permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). It can be concluded that the most domestic wastewater effluents are discharged into the river, such as sewage coming from nearby houses and restaurants in addition to the solid waste produced from close commercial stores. To reduce the negative impact on water and human health, pollution sources need to be properly managed. The paper calls for further research to figure out the ability of the Khassa-Chai river to make the use of city water in improving the environment.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68304038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.19
A. Al-Lami, Hasanain Al-Shamarti, Y. Al-Timimi
Extreme rainfall is one of the environmental hazards with disastrous effects on the human environment. Water resources management is very vulnerable to any changes in rainfall intensities. A spatiotemporal analysis is essential for study the impact of climate change and variability on extreme rainfall. In this study, daily rainfall data for 36 meteorological stations in Iraq during 1981–2017 were used to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of 10 extreme rainfall indices using RClimDex package. These indices were classified into two categories: rainfall total (PRCPTOT, SDII, R95p, R99p, RX1day, and RX5day) and rainfall days (CDD, CWD, R10, and R20). Depending on the mean annual precipitation data, the study area was divided into three climatic zones to examine the time series features of those 10 indices. Results showed a tendency to increase in precipitation toward the northwestern part of Iraq, and more than 70% of stations achieved a positive trend for most indices. The most frequent negative trend appeared in eight stations distributed in the western and southern parts of Iraq, namely (Heet, Haditha, Anah, Rutba, Qaim, Nukheb, Najaf, and Fao). A significant positive trend appeared obviously in PRCPTOT and R95p with a rate of 0.1–4.6 and 0.5–2.7 mm per year, respectively. Additionally, the least trend increasing appeared in all precipitation days indices specifically in R10 and R20. Time series analyses revealed a positive trend in all regions under study, except SDII in the southern region. The most significant rate of change was noticed in regions one and two (northern and middle parts of Iraq), particularly for PRCPTOT and R95p 3.26 and 2.45 mm per day, respectively. Only the northern and eastern regions of Iraq experienced a high probability of significant extreme rainfall.
极端降雨是对人类环境具有灾难性影响的环境灾害之一。水资源管理很容易受到降雨强度变化的影响。时空分析是研究气候变化和变率对极端降雨影响的必要条件。利用1981—2017年伊拉克36个气象站的日降水资料，利用RClimDex软件包对10个极端降雨指数的时空格局进行了研究。这些指标分为总降雨量(PRCPTOT、SDII、R95p、R99p、RX1day、RX5day)和降雨日数(CDD、CWD、R10、R20)两类。根据年平均降水资料，将研究区划分为3个气候带，考察了这10个指数的时间序列特征。结果表明，伊拉克西北部降水有增加的趋势，70%以上的台站对大部分指标均有正趋势。最常见的负面趋势出现在分布在伊拉克西部和南部的8个站点，即(Heet、Haditha、Anah、Rutba、Qaim、Nukheb、Najaf和Fao)。PRCPTOT和R95p分别以0.1 ~ 4.6 mm /年和0.5 ~ 2.7 mm /年的速率呈显著上升趋势。各降水日数指数增加趋势最小，R10和R20尤为明显。时间序列分析显示，除南部地区的SDII外，所有研究区域均呈正趋势。区域1和区域2(伊拉克北部和中部)的变化幅度最大，特别是PRCPTOT和R95p分别为每天3.26毫米和2.45毫米。只有伊拉克北部和东部地区经历了极有可能的重大极端降雨。
{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of some extreme rainfall indices over Iraq (1981–2017)","authors":"A. Al-Lami, Hasanain Al-Shamarti, Y. Al-Timimi","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme rainfall is one of the environmental hazards with disastrous effects on the human environment. Water resources management is very vulnerable to any changes in rainfall intensities. A spatiotemporal analysis is essential for study the impact of climate change and variability on extreme rainfall. In this study, daily rainfall data for 36 meteorological stations in Iraq during 1981–2017 were used to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of 10 extreme rainfall indices using RClimDex package. These indices were classified into two categories: rainfall total (PRCPTOT, SDII, R95p, R99p, RX1day, and RX5day) and rainfall days (CDD, CWD, R10, and R20). Depending on the mean annual precipitation data, the study area was divided into three climatic zones to examine the time series features of those 10 indices. Results showed a tendency to increase in precipitation toward the northwestern part of Iraq, and more than 70% of stations achieved a positive trend for most indices. The most frequent negative trend appeared in eight stations distributed in the western and southern parts of Iraq, namely (Heet, Haditha, Anah, Rutba, Qaim, Nukheb, Najaf, and Fao). A significant positive trend appeared obviously in PRCPTOT and R95p with a rate of 0.1–4.6 and 0.5–2.7 mm per year, respectively. Additionally, the least trend increasing appeared in all precipitation days indices specifically in R10 and R20. Time series analyses revealed a positive trend in all regions under study, except SDII in the southern region. The most significant rate of change was noticed in regions one and two (northern and middle parts of Iraq), particularly for PRCPTOT and R95p 3.26 and 2.45 mm per day, respectively. Only the northern and eastern regions of Iraq experienced a high probability of significant extreme rainfall.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48268465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.25
M. Al-Jethelah, Hussam Deyab, Tadahmun Yaseen
An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of a novel indirect type free convection solar dryer. The novel and a conventional indirect passive solar dryer were built. Solar irradiation and temperature of different locations were recorded. The air at the drying chamber entrance, lower space, and upper space temperatures besides the thermal efficiency of the novel dryer were 68, 39, 49 and 85%, respectively, higher than the conventional one.
{"title":"Thermal performance of novel indirect passive solar dryer","authors":"M. Al-Jethelah, Hussam Deyab, Tadahmun Yaseen","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental investigation was conducted to study the performance of a novel indirect type free convection solar dryer. The novel and a conventional indirect passive solar dryer were built. Solar irradiation and temperature of different locations were recorded. The air at the drying chamber entrance, lower space, and upper space temperatures besides the thermal efficiency of the novel dryer were 68, 39, 49 and 85%, respectively, higher than the conventional one.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68304132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.1.1
Kamel Asker, M. Bahr, Ahmed El-Attar, M. Fouad
The construction of two closely distant tunnels under an existing tunnel can cause greater deformation for the existing tunnel and the ground due to the dual disturbances caused by the tunneling process (Jin, Yuan, Li & Zheng, 2018). Several studies have estimated the ground movements as well as the deformation has induced in the existing tunnels by the construction of a new tunnel (Fang, Zhang, Li & Wong, 2015; Zhang, Liu, Kang, Zhong & Chen, 2018; Lin, Chen, Wu & Cheng, 2019). Grout technology is widely used for strengthening the soil and protecting the existing structures in shield tunneling. Li, Zhang and Yuan (2013) presented the case of using jacking as the tunnel protection methodology in case of the tunnel excavation under the existing one. Kimpritis, Smon, Pandrea and Vukotic (2014) explained how jet grouting could be used as the integral part of the complex tunneling projects. They summarized the basic framework for the design and execution of jet-grouting in tunneling. In this research, the case history of the intersection of Al-Azhar twin tunnel with the CWO sewer is idealized using the three-dimensional numerical model. Consequently, in this study, a series of parametric studies are conducting by utilizing the verified model of the case history to evaluate the effect of other different protection techniques. The key part of this paper is to investigate the best configuration technique to minimize the tunneling effect on an adjacent structure. PRACE ORYGINALNE ORIGINAL PAPERS
在既有隧道下施工两条距离较近的隧道，由于隧道开挖过程产生的双重扰动，会对既有隧道和地面造成较大的变形(Jin, Yuan, Li & Zheng, 2018)。有几项研究估计了新隧道建设对现有隧道的地面运动和变形的影响(Fang, Zhang, Li & Wong, 2015;张、刘、康、钟、陈，2018;林、陈、吴、程，2019)。在盾构施工中，注浆技术广泛应用于加固土体和保护既有构筑物。Li, Zhang和Yuan(2013)提出了在现有隧道下开挖时使用顶进作为隧道保护方法的案例。Kimpritis, Smon, Pandrea和Vukotic(2014)解释了如何将喷射注浆作为复杂隧道工程的组成部分。总结了隧道注浆设计与施工的基本框架。本研究采用三维数值模型对爱资哈尔双隧道与CWO下水道交叉口的个案历史进行了理想化分析。因此，本研究利用经验证的病例史模型进行了一系列参数化研究，以评估其他不同防护技术的效果。本文的关键部分是探讨最佳配置技术，以尽量减少隧道对相邻结构的影响。练习原创论文
{"title":"Minimizing of tunneling effect on existing infrastructure in Egypt","authors":"Kamel Asker, M. Bahr, Ahmed El-Attar, M. Fouad","doi":"10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/PNIKS.2021.30.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of two closely distant tunnels under an existing tunnel can cause greater deformation for the existing tunnel and the ground due to the dual disturbances caused by the tunneling process (Jin, Yuan, Li & Zheng, 2018). Several studies have estimated the ground movements as well as the deformation has induced in the existing tunnels by the construction of a new tunnel (Fang, Zhang, Li & Wong, 2015; Zhang, Liu, Kang, Zhong & Chen, 2018; Lin, Chen, Wu & Cheng, 2019). Grout technology is widely used for strengthening the soil and protecting the existing structures in shield tunneling. Li, Zhang and Yuan (2013) presented the case of using jacking as the tunnel protection methodology in case of the tunnel excavation under the existing one. Kimpritis, Smon, Pandrea and Vukotic (2014) explained how jet grouting could be used as the integral part of the complex tunneling projects. They summarized the basic framework for the design and execution of jet-grouting in tunneling. In this research, the case history of the intersection of Al-Azhar twin tunnel with the CWO sewer is idealized using the three-dimensional numerical model. Consequently, in this study, a series of parametric studies are conducting by utilizing the verified model of the case history to evaluate the effect of other different protection techniques. The key part of this paper is to investigate the best configuration technique to minimize the tunneling effect on an adjacent structure. PRACE ORYGINALNE ORIGINAL PAPERS","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85297304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.41
I. Marović, D. Car-Pušić, M. Šopić, K. Tijanić
The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE have gained increasing attention in the field of construction management as techniques for the analysis of complex situations and as decision support for decision makers. However, these two methods in themselves or their potential applications to problems of construction management are not sufficiently defined in the existing literature. The environment of group decision-making bring even more challenges. This paper consolidates and critically discusses the current knowledge on the application of AHP and PROMETHEE methods in the light of the specifics of the construction industry. A systematic literature review was used to select the contributions indexed in the databases Scopus and Web of Science. The findings indicate that the studies deal with broad topics and different aspects in different phases of civil engineering projects. This paper provides a useful reference work for researchers and practitioners interested in the application of AHP and PROMEETHEE as tools for group decision-making in civil engineering.
层次分析法(AHP)和PROMETHEE作为分析复杂情况和为决策者提供决策支持的技术，在施工管理领域受到越来越多的关注。然而，这两种方法本身或它们在施工管理问题中的潜在应用在现有文献中没有得到充分的定义。群体决策的环境带来了更多的挑战。本文结合建筑行业的具体情况，对AHP和PROMETHEE方法应用方面的现有知识进行了整合和批判性的讨论。采用系统文献综述的方法选择Scopus和Web of Science数据库中收录的论文。研究结果表明，这些研究涉及的主题广泛，涉及土木工程项目不同阶段的不同方面。本文为有兴趣将AHP和PROMEETHEE作为土木工程群体决策工具的研究人员和实践者提供了有益的参考工作。
{"title":"Group decision-making in civil engineering based on AHP and PROMETHEE methods","authors":"I. Marović, D. Car-Pušić, M. Šopić, K. Tijanić","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and PROMETHEE have gained increasing attention in the field of construction management as techniques for the analysis of complex situations and as decision support for decision makers. However, these two methods in themselves or their potential applications to problems of construction management are not sufficiently defined in the existing literature. The environment of group decision-making bring even more challenges. This paper consolidates and critically discusses the current knowledge on the application of AHP and PROMETHEE methods in the light of the specifics of the construction industry. A systematic literature review was used to select the contributions indexed in the databases Scopus and Web of Science. The findings indicate that the studies deal with broad topics and different aspects in different phases of civil engineering projects. This paper provides a useful reference work for researchers and practitioners interested in the application of AHP and PROMEETHEE as tools for group decision-making in civil engineering.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.36
D. Kutliyarov, A. Khafizov, Amar Kutliyarov, I. Ryzhkov, R. Zubairov
The aim of this work is to summarize previously conducted studies on the optimization of the unequal geotechnical testing program and on the selection of the desired calculation indicator based on the results of such tests. The approximate, but quick and cheap tests (“express methods”) are recommended to be performed on a large scale and considered as a means of assessing the geotechnical structure of the site as a whole. It is proposed to carry out expensive “accurate” tests in a reduced volume and to use them as a means of correcting approximate tests. In the article, these issues are considered by the example of determining the bearing capacity of piles according to the data of static sounding (cone penetration testing – CPT), dynamic and static tests of full-scale piles. We propose the mathematical model for evaluating the informative content of the test complex, based on the concepts of information theory. The site is mentally divided into several sections, each of which is characterized by one of the possible values of the ultimate resistance of piles of a certain length. All variants of “placement in the plan” of possible values of pile resistances (“site images”) are considered. Initially, when nothing is known about the true value of the pile resistances in each section, all possible values of the pile resistances are assumed to be equally probable, i.e. the uncertainty of the situation is maximum. In the theory of information, such uncertainty is quantified by the value called entropy. When any test is performed at the site, the uncertainty decreases, and the more accurate the test the more significant is the decrease. The difference in entropy before and after the test represents the amount of information (in bits) that these tests carry. The calculations using this model showed that the information content of a large number of approximate tests can (due to heterogeneity of the soil) exceed the information content of small exact tests. Only one approximate test method can lead to the systematic error (overestimation or underestimation of the average value of the desired indicator). It is necessary to carry out control “exact” tests and approximate tests to eliminate such a danger. A technique is proposed for adjusting approximate estimates based on data from “accurate” tests, which ensures optimal “safety margins” in decisions being made.
{"title":"Role of accuracy and quantity of field tests in engineering-geotechnical researches for construction","authors":"D. Kutliyarov, A. Khafizov, Amar Kutliyarov, I. Ryzhkov, R. Zubairov","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.36","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to summarize previously conducted studies on the optimization of the unequal geotechnical testing program and on the selection of the desired calculation indicator based on the results of such tests. The approximate, but quick and cheap tests (“express methods”) are recommended to be performed on a large scale and considered as a means of assessing the geotechnical structure of the site as a whole. It is proposed to carry out expensive “accurate” tests in a reduced volume and to use them as a means of correcting approximate tests. In the article, these issues are considered by the example of determining the bearing capacity of piles according to the data of static sounding (cone penetration testing – CPT), dynamic and static tests of full-scale piles. We propose the mathematical model for evaluating the informative content of the test complex, based on the concepts of information theory. The site is mentally divided into several sections, each of which is characterized by one of the possible values of the ultimate resistance of piles of a certain length. All variants of “placement in the plan” of possible values of pile resistances (“site images”) are considered. Initially, when nothing is known about the true value of the pile resistances in each section, all possible values of the pile resistances are assumed to be equally probable, i.e. the uncertainty of the situation is maximum. In the theory of information, such uncertainty is quantified by the value called entropy. When any test is performed at the site, the uncertainty decreases, and the more accurate the test the more significant is the decrease. The difference in entropy before and after the test represents the amount of information (in bits) that these tests carry. The calculations using this model showed that the information content of a large number of approximate tests can (due to heterogeneity of the soil) exceed the information content of small exact tests. Only one approximate test method can lead to the systematic error (overestimation or underestimation of the average value of the desired indicator). It is necessary to carry out control “exact” tests and approximate tests to eliminate such a danger. A technique is proposed for adjusting approximate estimates based on data from “accurate” tests, which ensures optimal “safety margins” in decisions being made.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.47
A. Ainane, Tarik Ainane, F. Abdoul-Latif, T. M. Abdoul-Latif
All works of this article were conducted to investigate chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation of its aerial parts. Analysis of the essential oils on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 82 organic volatiles representing 98.63% of the total constituents of Eucalyptus globulus and the presence of 45 organic volatiles representing 98.53% of the total constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. The major compounds for Eucalyptus globulus were estragole (28.14%), terpinolene (7.12%), 1,4-hexadiene-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (7.01%), linalool (5.54%) and furfural (4.66%) and for Rosmarinus officinalis were (-)-camphor (31.16%) and β-caryophyllene (18.55%), 3,4-dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-Hexadiene (9.08%), α-fenchene (4.67%), cis-verbenone (4.33%) and Bornyl acetate (3.4%). The efficacy of the two essential oils was evaluated on the insect pests Sitophilus granarius of wheat and was remarkable with lethal doses of 50% tending towards 1 μL·cm–3. The broth microdilution method as a complementary test was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, further for the two oils of shows promising activity against all strains.
{"title":"Evaluation of biological activities of two essential oils as a safe environmental bioinsecticides: case of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis","authors":"A. Ainane, Tarik Ainane, F. Abdoul-Latif, T. M. Abdoul-Latif","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.47","url":null,"abstract":"All works of this article were conducted to investigate chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation of its aerial parts. Analysis of the essential oils on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 82 organic volatiles representing 98.63% of the total constituents of Eucalyptus globulus and the presence of 45 organic volatiles representing 98.53% of the total constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. The major compounds for Eucalyptus globulus were estragole (28.14%), terpinolene (7.12%), 1,4-hexadiene-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (7.01%), linalool (5.54%) and furfural (4.66%) and for Rosmarinus officinalis were (-)-camphor (31.16%) and β-caryophyllene (18.55%), 3,4-dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-Hexadiene (9.08%), α-fenchene (4.67%), cis-verbenone (4.33%) and Bornyl acetate (3.4%). The efficacy of the two essential oils was evaluated on the insect pests Sitophilus granarius of wheat and was remarkable with lethal doses of 50% tending towards 1 μL·cm–3. The broth microdilution method as a complementary test was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, further for the two oils of shows promising activity against all strains.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.46
A. Sedayu
The Jati Kudus Terminal, which plays an important role as a public transportation node on the North Coast of Java Island, has experienced a continual decline in performance and service. This study aims to determine the effect of green terminal concept variables in the Jati Kudus Terminal using the multiple linear regression methods with SPSS 23. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely terminal users who know the development of the Jati Kudus terminal every day. The perception data used in the analysis is the level of interest and satisfaction with the service and performance of the Jati Kudus terminal. The evaluation of terminal performance refers to the regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Transportation No. 132 of 2015 on the operation of the road transport passenger terminals. The green concept of terminal buildings and facilities refers to the Green Building Council of Indonesia. The results showed that the variable of transportation service reliability, ticketing, and travel costs have the highest and lowest average scores based on user importance and satisfaction, respectively. The other variables include Security guarantee and freedom from criminal acts; Safety and health guarantee and freedom from accidents; Responsiveness of the terminal manager in providing services; Availability and capacity of supporting facilities; Architectural aesthetics within and outside the buildings; Ease of obtaining general travel information; Affordability and accessibility in and out of the terminal; The density of people and vehicles in the terminal area; Comfort, regularity, and cleanliness; and Application of environmentally friendly concepts on terminal and transportation facilities. Therefore, managers of the Jati Kudus terminal need to repair and improve their services according to these 12 variables. The implementation of the green concept can develop Jati Kudus terminal into a green terminal in Indonesia that serves as a node of sustainable and environmentally friendly public transportation.
{"title":"Developing Jati Kudus Terminal into a sustainable transportation infrastructure in Indonesia using the green concept","authors":"A. Sedayu","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"The Jati Kudus Terminal, which plays an important role as a public transportation node on the North Coast of Java Island, has experienced a continual decline in performance and service. This study aims to determine the effect of green terminal concept variables in the Jati Kudus Terminal using the multiple linear regression methods with SPSS 23. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely terminal users who know the development of the Jati Kudus terminal every day. The perception data used in the analysis is the level of interest and satisfaction with the service and performance of the Jati Kudus terminal. The evaluation of terminal performance refers to the regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Transportation No. 132 of 2015 on the operation of the road transport passenger terminals. The green concept of terminal buildings and facilities refers to the Green Building Council of Indonesia. The results showed that the variable of transportation service reliability, ticketing, and travel costs have the highest and lowest average scores based on user importance and satisfaction, respectively. The other variables include Security guarantee and freedom from criminal acts; Safety and health guarantee and freedom from accidents; Responsiveness of the terminal manager in providing services; Availability and capacity of supporting facilities; Architectural aesthetics within and outside the buildings; Ease of obtaining general travel information; Affordability and accessibility in and out of the terminal; The density of people and vehicles in the terminal area; Comfort, regularity, and cleanliness; and Application of environmentally friendly concepts on terminal and transportation facilities. Therefore, managers of the Jati Kudus terminal need to repair and improve their services according to these 12 variables. The implementation of the green concept can develop Jati Kudus terminal into a green terminal in Indonesia that serves as a node of sustainable and environmentally friendly public transportation.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49661732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.40
J. Witkowska-Dobrev, A. Brzezińska, O. Szlachetka
The paper consists of the discussion of issues related to the durability of foundations of extra high voltage (EHV) power line poles and possibilities of their renovation. The research part is the diagnostics of selected foundations of the EHV line poles (400 kV) Wielopole–Noszowice. During the on-site inspection, it was found that there are chipping and small surface defects, and in some cases losses of the reinforcement cover without visible pits. Based on the degree of damage, the scope of non-structural repairs and anti-corrosive protection was determined, presenting the next stages of their implementation.
{"title":"Najczęściej występujące uszkodzenia fundamentów słupów linii elektroenergetycznych najwyższych napięć i sposoby ich napraw","authors":"J. Witkowska-Dobrev, A. Brzezińska, O. Szlachetka","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.40","url":null,"abstract":"The paper consists of the discussion of issues related to the durability of foundations of extra high voltage (EHV) power line poles and possibilities of their renovation. The research part is the diagnostics of selected foundations of the EHV line poles (400 kV) Wielopole–Noszowice. During the on-site inspection, it was found that there are chipping and small surface defects, and in some cases losses of the reinforcement cover without visible pits. Based on the degree of damage, the scope of non-structural repairs and anti-corrosive protection was determined, presenting the next stages of their implementation.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-26DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.35
Th J Al-Fatlawi, Nassrin Al-Mansori, N. Othman
When designing dam spillway structures, the most significant consideration is the energy dissipation arrangements. Different varieties of baffle blocks and stilling basins have been used in this context. However, the hydraulic jump form of stilling basin is considered to be the most suitable. The main objective of this research was to introduce four different baffle block shapes (models arranged from A to D, installed at slopes 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 in the stilling basins). To illustrate the consequences for the qualities of pressure-driven bounce, each model was attempted in the bowl. The trials applied Froude numbers between 6.5 and 9.2. The puzzle square model D provided the best outcomes compared to the models A, B, C and smooth. Model D with different models at inclines 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 was used to consider the impacts of perplex hinders on water driven-bounce when bed slants were changed. When the model D baffle used instead of a smooth bed at 0.08 slope, the reduction in y2 / y1 reached 12.8%, and Lj / y1 was 18.9%. Among the different bed slopes, a normal decrease in y2 / y1 ranged from approximately 10.3%, whereas the normal decrease in Lj / y1 was about 13.8% when the model D baffle was used instead of the model A baffle with a horizontal slope bed of 0.00. The results show that the new shapes led to a decrease in sequent profundity proportion and length of jump proportion; however, the energy dissipation proportion increased.
{"title":"Laboratory study of stilling basin using trapezoidal bed elements","authors":"Th J Al-Fatlawi, Nassrin Al-Mansori, N. Othman","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2020.29.4.35","url":null,"abstract":"When designing dam spillway structures, the most significant consideration is the energy dissipation arrangements. Different varieties of baffle blocks and stilling basins have been used in this context. However, the hydraulic jump form of stilling basin is considered to be the most suitable. The main objective of this research was to introduce four different baffle block shapes (models arranged from A to D, installed at slopes 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 in the stilling basins). To illustrate the consequences for the qualities of pressure-driven bounce, each model was attempted in the bowl. The trials applied Froude numbers between 6.5 and 9.2. The puzzle square model D provided the best outcomes compared to the models A, B, C and smooth. Model D with different models at inclines 0.00, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 was used to consider the impacts of perplex hinders on water driven-bounce when bed slants were changed. When the model D baffle used instead of a smooth bed at 0.08 slope, the reduction in y2 / y1 reached 12.8%, and Lj / y1 was 18.9%. Among the different bed slopes, a normal decrease in y2 / y1 ranged from approximately 10.3%, whereas the normal decrease in Lj / y1 was about 13.8% when the model D baffle was used instead of the model A baffle with a horizontal slope bed of 0.00. The results show that the new shapes led to a decrease in sequent profundity proportion and length of jump proportion; however, the energy dissipation proportion increased.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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