The research attempted to investigate the effect of polypropylene fibers (PP fibers) on the mechanical characteristics of concrete. According to ASTM C39/C39M and ASTM C 1609/C1609M, standard testing methods were used to examine the concrete compressive and flexural strength, post-cracking behavior, and toughness. The mechanical properties were evaluated at different ages of concrete curing, namely 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days, and for different quantities of fiber volume portions, specifically 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The results demonstrate that a fiber volume of 0.5% is the most effective in obtaining the highest compressive strength. The recorded values at the related testing ages were 31.07 MPa, 41.51 MPa, and 46.68 MPa. Additionally, the utilization of 0.5% and 1.0% volume of PP fiber in concrete resulted in improved flexural strength and post-cracking performance. The toughness values for these mixes were 2.0 and 2.6 times higher than those for the plain concrete. Upon analyzing the fracture surface, there was a homogeneous distribution of fibers, which played a significant role in enhancing the overall functionality of the concrete. The research validated that the inclusion of polypropylene fibers substantially enhanced the mechanical characteristics of concrete, emphasizing the potential of fiber reinforcement in concrete-based implementations.
{"title":"Enhancement of tensile performance of concrete by using synthetic polypropylene fibers","authors":"Thunyawee Jienmaneechotchai, Piyawat Foytong, Pirat Khunkitti, Vanchai Sata, Prinya Chindaprasirt","doi":"10.22630/srees.5218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5218","url":null,"abstract":"The research attempted to investigate the effect of polypropylene fibers (PP fibers) on the mechanical characteristics of concrete. According to ASTM C39/C39M and ASTM C 1609/C1609M, standard testing methods were used to examine the concrete compressive and flexural strength, post-cracking behavior, and toughness. The mechanical properties were evaluated at different ages of concrete curing, namely 1 day, 7 days, and 28 days, and for different quantities of fiber volume portions, specifically 0.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The results demonstrate that a fiber volume of 0.5% is the most effective in obtaining the highest compressive strength. The recorded values at the related testing ages were 31.07 MPa, 41.51 MPa, and 46.68 MPa. Additionally, the utilization of 0.5% and 1.0% volume of PP fiber in concrete resulted in improved flexural strength and post-cracking performance. The toughness values for these mixes were 2.0 and 2.6 times higher than those for the plain concrete. Upon analyzing the fracture surface, there was a homogeneous distribution of fibers, which played a significant role in enhancing the overall functionality of the concrete. The research validated that the inclusion of polypropylene fibers substantially enhanced the mechanical characteristics of concrete, emphasizing the potential of fiber reinforcement in concrete-based implementations.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"131 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135862970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Kocourkova, Eva Vitkova, Svatopluk Pelcak
This article focused on quantifying the company’s total labor costs in percent. Moreover, it aimed to show the labor costs on a construction contract both from the terms of the company’s labor costs of its own employees and the subcontractors’ labor costs. Have been accurately quantified the total labor costs in the company from the profit and loss statement of the selected construction company, on which the case study was based, shows that the average percentage representation of labor costs, which include wage costs and social and health insurance costs, is 15.30%. However, when all the costs associated with employees as a labor force are identified in detail, it is evident that the total labor costs represent 31.82% of the sales remuneration. It results in the doubled value.
{"title":"Labor costs in a construction company in the Czech Republic – a case study","authors":"Gabriela Kocourkova, Eva Vitkova, Svatopluk Pelcak","doi":"10.22630/srees.5252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5252","url":null,"abstract":"This article focused on quantifying the company’s total labor costs in percent. Moreover, it aimed to show the labor costs on a construction contract both from the terms of the company’s labor costs of its own employees and the subcontractors’ labor costs. Have been accurately quantified the total labor costs in the company from the profit and loss statement of the selected construction company, on which the case study was based, shows that the average percentage representation of labor costs, which include wage costs and social and health insurance costs, is 15.30%. However, when all the costs associated with employees as a labor force are identified in detail, it is evident that the total labor costs represent 31.82% of the sales remuneration. It results in the doubled value.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"426 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of stability controlling cutting slopes is particularly important in clay-shale slopes, a typical expanding sedimentary layer with poor engineering geological conditions and mechanical characteristics. Therefore, research on the causes of failure and remedies for clay-shale cutting slopes is required to serve as an overview for handling and preserving clay-shale slopes in identical conditions. However, the trusted information about the need for further related clay shale research and clay shale in slope stability has yet to be specifically presented. This review study summarizes the published research for clay shale beginning in 1980, presents a bibliometric analysis to examine the published research based on year and country, and provides various study trends in cluster diagram using the VOSviewer program. The analysis also summarized some key goals, effective methodology, and significant findings from the most recent studies to extract information from them that would benefit future research. In conclusion, the results show the need for developing research to fill the knowledge gap regarding clay shale, landslide, and clay mineralogy. In addition, the clay shale slope analysis has revealed the need for additional research into dynamic force and its deformation.
{"title":"A systematic review of clay shale research development for slope construction","authors":"Siti N. Fitri, Niken S. Surjandari, Solihin As’Ad","doi":"10.22630/srees.5212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5212","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of stability controlling cutting slopes is particularly important in clay-shale slopes, a typical expanding sedimentary layer with poor engineering geological conditions and mechanical characteristics. Therefore, research on the causes of failure and remedies for clay-shale cutting slopes is required to serve as an overview for handling and preserving clay-shale slopes in identical conditions. However, the trusted information about the need for further related clay shale research and clay shale in slope stability has yet to be specifically presented. This review study summarizes the published research for clay shale beginning in 1980, presents a bibliometric analysis to examine the published research based on year and country, and provides various study trends in cluster diagram using the VOSviewer program. The analysis also summarized some key goals, effective methodology, and significant findings from the most recent studies to extract information from them that would benefit future research. In conclusion, the results show the need for developing research to fill the knowledge gap regarding clay shale, landslide, and clay mineralogy. In addition, the clay shale slope analysis has revealed the need for additional research into dynamic force and its deformation.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa Nuri Merza, Aram Mohammed Raheem, Ibrahim Jalal Naser, Mohammed Omar Ibrahim, Najat Qader Omar
One of the most dangerous field problems in the civil engineering discipline is the suddenly developed cracks in the building, which could be caused by the swelling of the subsurface soil. Thus, this work has focused on employing a procedure in the geographic information system known as the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique, to analyze the extent of cracks in a residential complex in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq using the physical and chemical soil data for seven boreholes from the field of the study. Physical soil parameters such as liquid limit (LL), gravel, sand, silt and clay percentages were characterized first, followed by chemical properties such as gypsum content (GYP), total suspended solids (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and organic content (ORG). Furthermore, statistical studies such as plasticity index (PI) and soil characteristics association, linear single, and various linear multi-regression models were used. The data analysis shows that there are significantly positive and negative relationships between PI as a swelling indicator and the physical and chemical soil properties, although weak to moderate correlations were observed between PI and these variables. The PI values were accurately predicted by the proposed linear multi-regression models of the physical and integrated physical and chemical soil characteristics, with multiple R values of 0.92 for both models. As a result, the suggested statistical models can provide complete geographic and mechanical explanations for the crack sources in the investigated residential complex.
{"title":"Implementing GIS and linear regression models to investigate partial building failures","authors":"Alaa Nuri Merza, Aram Mohammed Raheem, Ibrahim Jalal Naser, Mohammed Omar Ibrahim, Najat Qader Omar","doi":"10.22630/srees.4857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.4857","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most dangerous field problems in the civil engineering discipline is the suddenly developed cracks in the building, which could be caused by the swelling of the subsurface soil. Thus, this work has focused on employing a procedure in the geographic information system known as the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique, to analyze the extent of cracks in a residential complex in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq using the physical and chemical soil data for seven boreholes from the field of the study. Physical soil parameters such as liquid limit (LL), gravel, sand, silt and clay percentages were characterized first, followed by chemical properties such as gypsum content (GYP), total suspended solids (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and organic content (ORG). Furthermore, statistical studies such as plasticity index (PI) and soil characteristics association, linear single, and various linear multi-regression models were used. The data analysis shows that there are significantly positive and negative relationships between PI as a swelling indicator and the physical and chemical soil properties, although weak to moderate correlations were observed between PI and these variables. The PI values were accurately predicted by the proposed linear multi-regression models of the physical and integrated physical and chemical soil characteristics, with multiple R values of 0.92 for both models. As a result, the suggested statistical models can provide complete geographic and mechanical explanations for the crack sources in the investigated residential complex.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavements play a pivotal role in facilitating safe and efficient transportation. However, conventional pavement construction consumes substantial virgin resources, necessitating a shift towards sustainable alternatives. This study explores the integration of crushed waste tires as partial replacements for sand and gravel in cement-treated base (CTB) layers, aiming to enhance pavement sustainability. The CTB mixtures were meticulously formulated and tested for their physical and mechanical properties. Results revealed that while the presence of waste tire aggregates affected the fresh-state rheology, the cured-state performance remained satisfactory, often exceeding normative requirements. Notably, the addition of 10% rubber powder enhanced the mechanical performance of the CTB mixtures and overall exhibited acceptable shrinkage values. The findings offer insights into designing resilient and sustainable pavement systems by using crushed waste tires, aligning with modern infrastructure demands.
{"title":"Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of cement-treated base incorporating crushed waste tires","authors":"Samy Mezhoud, Hacene Badache","doi":"10.22630/srees.4942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.4942","url":null,"abstract":"Pavements play a pivotal role in facilitating safe and efficient transportation. However, conventional pavement construction consumes substantial virgin resources, necessitating a shift towards sustainable alternatives. This study explores the integration of crushed waste tires as partial replacements for sand and gravel in cement-treated base (CTB) layers, aiming to enhance pavement sustainability. The CTB mixtures were meticulously formulated and tested for their physical and mechanical properties. Results revealed that while the presence of waste tire aggregates affected the fresh-state rheology, the cured-state performance remained satisfactory, often exceeding normative requirements. Notably, the addition of 10% rubber powder enhanced the mechanical performance of the CTB mixtures and overall exhibited acceptable shrinkage values. The findings offer insights into designing resilient and sustainable pavement systems by using crushed waste tires, aligning with modern infrastructure demands.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izabela Stawska, Izabela Dymitryszyn, Axel Schwerk
Fragmentation of landscapes and habitats has been identified as the main driver of biodiversity loss. Ecological corridors may support the conservation of biota in fragmented landscapes due to enhanced habitat connectivity. We conducted a study in order to assess the potential of a linear woodland landscape element along a railway line as ecological corridor using carabid beetles as indicators. The results showed that for some forest species the studied woodland strip has potential as an ecological corridor. Trophy and soil acidity were most often significantly correlated with parameters and species, but width of the woodland strip and distance from the forest site were of highest importance for the formation of the whole carabid assemblages. The results of our study provide with information regarding rules for the construction of woodland strips as ecological corridors. Management strategies should integrate such areas in concepts of sustainable regional development.
{"title":"Potential of a linear woodland landscape element as ecological corridor for carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a case study from Poland","authors":"Izabela Stawska, Izabela Dymitryszyn, Axel Schwerk","doi":"10.22630/srees.4931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.4931","url":null,"abstract":"Fragmentation of landscapes and habitats has been identified as the main driver of biodiversity loss. Ecological corridors may support the conservation of biota in fragmented landscapes due to enhanced habitat connectivity. We conducted a study in order to assess the potential of a linear woodland landscape element along a railway line as ecological corridor using carabid beetles as indicators. The results showed that for some forest species the studied woodland strip has potential as an ecological corridor. Trophy and soil acidity were most often significantly correlated with parameters and species, but width of the woodland strip and distance from the forest site were of highest importance for the formation of the whole carabid assemblages. The results of our study provide with information regarding rules for the construction of woodland strips as ecological corridors. Management strategies should integrate such areas in concepts of sustainable regional development.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The whole study was conducted for the Municipality of Prizren and aims to to determine the effect that the population density has on land surface temperature (LST). All this was achieved through the connection of land surface temperature (LST) and population density. The free Landsat 8 satellite image downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website was used and then processed using GIS and remote sensing techniques. To understand the relationship between population density and LST, we performed a regression analysis. This analysis showed a strong positive relationship with a value of r = 0.8206, emphasizing the important role that the population has in creating empowering areas that generate surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. The results of the study clearly showed that in the northern, central, and western parts there are pixels with high LST values. This presentation corresponds with the population density, which means that it is precisely the actions of the population that help generate, display, and strengthen the harmful effect of the SUHI. The map with areas of high LST pixels are of great importance to the policymakers and urban planners of Prizren so that they can orient themselves in these areas and take all actions necessary to minimize this harmful effect which is worrying citizens. If it continues with unplanned development, the peripheral parts of Prizren are seriously endangered by the damage of the spaces which offer protection (green spaces) from the SUHI phenomenon.
{"title":"Determining the influence of population density on the land surface temperature based on remote sensing data and GIS techniques: application to Prizren, Kosovo","authors":"M. Dushi, Albert Berila","doi":"10.22630/srees.2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.2324","url":null,"abstract":"The whole study was conducted for the Municipality of Prizren and aims to to determine the effect that the population density has on land surface temperature (LST). All this was achieved through the connection of land surface temperature (LST) and population density. The free Landsat 8 satellite image downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website was used and then processed using GIS and remote sensing techniques. To understand the relationship between population density and LST, we performed a regression analysis. This analysis showed a strong positive relationship with a value of r = 0.8206, emphasizing the important role that the population has in creating empowering areas that generate surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. The results of the study clearly showed that in the northern, central, and western parts there are pixels with high LST values. This presentation corresponds with the population density, which means that it is precisely the actions of the population that help generate, display, and strengthen the harmful effect of the SUHI. The map with areas of high LST pixels are of great importance to the policymakers and urban planners of Prizren so that they can orient themselves in these areas and take all actions necessary to minimize this harmful effect which is worrying citizens. If it continues with unplanned development, the peripheral parts of Prizren are seriously endangered by the damage of the spaces which offer protection (green spaces) from the SUHI phenomenon. ","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48268940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Khatif Tawaf Mohamed Yusof, S. Sharipudin, Shahrul Nizam Mohammad, A. Roslan, Z. Michael, Ilya Izyan Shahrul Azhar, Nurrul Amilin Zainal Abidin
A study was conducted to explore the effect of palm oil boiler ash (POBA) on foamed concrete by varying the percentage of POBA over sand quantities (0, 4, 8 and 12%). This paper primarily discusses the water absorption test, uniaxial compressive strength, and dry density findings. It indicates that substituting sand with POBA greatly enhances the strength of foamed concrete. When the quantity of POBA was raised up to 12% throughout all curing times, the compressive strength steadily increased in the range of 4.34–13.50 N·mm–2. Furthermore, the dry density of foamed concrete was shown to be directly related to the fraction of POBA in the mixture. The dry density of foamed concrete increases as the amount of POBA increases. Despite this, water absorption shown that increasing POBA increases water absorption percentage in foamed concrete from 7.4 to 10.4%. This is due to the fact that a composition with a high POBA percentage will generate more pores than a mixture with a low POBA percentage.
{"title":"Feasibility study of palm oil boiler ash (POBA) as a partial replacement of sand in foamed concrete","authors":"Mohamed Khatif Tawaf Mohamed Yusof, S. Sharipudin, Shahrul Nizam Mohammad, A. Roslan, Z. Michael, Ilya Izyan Shahrul Azhar, Nurrul Amilin Zainal Abidin","doi":"10.22630/srees.2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.2314","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to explore the effect of palm oil boiler ash (POBA) on foamed concrete by varying the percentage of POBA over sand quantities (0, 4, 8 and 12%). This paper primarily discusses the water absorption test, uniaxial compressive strength, and dry density findings. It indicates that substituting sand with POBA greatly enhances the strength of foamed concrete. When the quantity of POBA was raised up to 12% throughout all curing times, the compressive strength steadily increased in the range of 4.34–13.50 N·mm–2. Furthermore, the dry density of foamed concrete was shown to be directly related to the fraction of POBA in the mixture. The dry density of foamed concrete increases as the amount of POBA increases. Despite this, water absorption shown that increasing POBA increases water absorption percentage in foamed concrete from 7.4 to 10.4%. This is due to the fact that a composition with a high POBA percentage will generate more pores than a mixture with a low POBA percentage.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. F. Wan Kamarudin, Z. Irwan, M. Yaafar, A. R. Mat Amin
Coronavirus disease 2019, which is known as COVID-19, is a highly spreadable disease which was first discovered around December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic as the novel coronavirus continues to spread worldwide extremely fast. Globally, up to 24 April 2021, there had been 145,216,414 confirmed cases and 3,079,390 deaths reported (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Malaysia, Indonesia and other southeast Asian countries had enforced lockdown at different degrees to control the spread of the disease as did many other countries around the world too. Almost all mass transportation, economic activities and social activities were prohibited by this nationwide lockdown policies as many countries had been forced to keep their citizens safe at home. Owing to the movement limitation, there had been less vehicles on the roads, many cancelled flights and restricted industrial activities which led to decreasing levels of air pollutants in the environment. As a result of this lockdown effect, there has been a benefit on human health upon reduced air pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the air pollutants that needs to be monitored at Wan Farahiyah Wan KaMaRUDIn1 Zildawarni IRWan1 Mohd Rabani YaaFaR2 abd Rahman MaT aMIn1 1Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Applied Science, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Applied Science, Perak, Malaysia
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是一种高度传染性疾病，于2019年12月左右在中国湖北省武汉市首次发现。2020年3月11日，由于新型冠状病毒继续在全球以极快的速度传播，世界卫生组织(世卫组织)宣布COVID-19为全球大流行。截至2021年4月24日，全球共报告了145 216 414例确诊病例和3 079 390例死亡(世界卫生组织，2021年)。马来西亚、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家和世界上许多其他国家一样，在不同程度上实施了封锁，以控制疾病的传播。由于许多国家被迫将本国公民安全隔离在家中，几乎所有的大众运输、经济活动和社会活动都受到了这一全国性封锁政策的禁止。由于行动限制，道路上的车辆减少，许多航班取消，工业活动受到限制，导致环境中的空气污染物水平下降。由于这种封锁效应，减少空气污染对人类健康有好处。一氧化碳(CO)是需要在Wan Farahiyah Wan KaMaRUDIn1、Zildawarni IRWan1 Mohd Rabani YaaFaR2 abd Rahman MaT aMIn1进行监测的空气污染物之一1马来西亚丁加奴应用科学学院玛拉大学2马来西亚霹雳州应用科学学院玛拉大学
{"title":"Lockdown EffEct on caRbon monoxidE concEntRation ovER maLaySia and indonESia","authors":"W. F. Wan Kamarudin, Z. Irwan, M. Yaafar, A. R. Mat Amin","doi":"10.22630/srees.2238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.2238","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019, which is known as COVID-19, is a highly spreadable disease which was first discovered around December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had announced COVID-19 as a global pandemic as the novel coronavirus continues to spread worldwide extremely fast. Globally, up to 24 April 2021, there had been 145,216,414 confirmed cases and 3,079,390 deaths reported (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Malaysia, Indonesia and other southeast Asian countries had enforced lockdown at different degrees to control the spread of the disease as did many other countries around the world too. Almost all mass transportation, economic activities and social activities were prohibited by this nationwide lockdown policies as many countries had been forced to keep their citizens safe at home. Owing to the movement limitation, there had been less vehicles on the roads, many cancelled flights and restricted industrial activities which led to decreasing levels of air pollutants in the environment. As a result of this lockdown effect, there has been a benefit on human health upon reduced air pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the air pollutants that needs to be monitored at Wan Farahiyah Wan KaMaRUDIn1 Zildawarni IRWan1 Mohd Rabani YaaFaR2 abd Rahman MaT aMIn1 1Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Applied Science, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Applied Science, Perak, Malaysia","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85236486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2021.30.3.32
Ahmed S. A. Hassan, Hasan M. Azeez
Fossil fuel is the main source for CO2 emissions that causes global warming. This fact is the starting point for this paper, that consider on three different sources of data: crude oil used to calculate CO2 emissions for Iraq for the period from 1980 to 2018; annual data of total CO2 emissions available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) for Iraq and the world for the period from 1980 to 2014; and CO2 concentrations for Iraq for the period from 2002 to 2006 and for the world for the period from 1980 to 2018. The result is a multifaceted according to the dataset sources. Carbon dioxide emissions calculated from Iraqi crude oil was increased from 1.29 Mt in 2012 to 1.97 Mt in 2018. The world and Iraq CO2 emissions with different slop of average line that was 0.5 for world, 0.003 for Iraq, while increased exponential function from 2008 to 2014 to reach 36 and 0.17 Mt, respectively. The highest value of Iraqi CO2 concentration was 403 ppm in 2016, while the global CO2 concentrations slowly increased with slop line equal to 1.75 ppm per year, from minimum value of 338.6 ppm was in 1980, while maximum value of 407.05 ppm was in 2018, that’s mean no decreased in CO2 concentration unless emissions addressed.
{"title":"Relation between CO2 emissions and crude oil combustion in Iraq","authors":"Ahmed S. A. Hassan, Hasan M. Azeez","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2021.30.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2021.30.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuel is the main source for CO2 emissions that causes global warming. This fact is the starting point for this paper, that consider on three different sources of data: crude oil used to calculate CO2 emissions for Iraq for the period from 1980 to 2018; annual data of total CO2 emissions available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) for Iraq and the world for the period from 1980 to 2014; and CO2 concentrations for Iraq for the period from 2002 to 2006 and for the world for the period from 1980 to 2018. The result is a multifaceted according to the dataset sources. Carbon dioxide emissions calculated from Iraqi crude oil was increased from 1.29 Mt in 2012 to 1.97 Mt in 2018. The world and Iraq CO2 emissions with different slop of average line that was 0.5 for world, 0.003 for Iraq, while increased exponential function from 2008 to 2014 to reach 36 and 0.17 Mt, respectively. The highest value of Iraqi CO2 concentration was 403 ppm in 2016, while the global CO2 concentrations slowly increased with slop line equal to 1.75 ppm per year, from minimum value of 338.6 ppm was in 1980, while maximum value of 407.05 ppm was in 2018, that’s mean no decreased in CO2 concentration unless emissions addressed.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：