Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.47
Ragheed Makki, H. Al-Katib, Ahmed A. Alalikhan
Due to the important role of high strength concrete in the structural systems, present work focuses on the use of this material as a strengthening technique incorporating with the normal strength concrete in flat slab system. Eight simply supported flat slab models with (1,000 × 1,000 × 120 mm) dimensions are investigated based on three groups including normal strength concrete and high strength concrete. The first group represents models containing of two flat slabs fully with one type of concrete; NSC and HSC as control flat slab. The second and third groups consist of six flat slabs as hybrid flat slabs of two layer of concrete with different thicknesses. Concrete mixture HSC was used in tension zone in three hybrid flat slabs (second group) with three thicknesses (30, 60 and 90 mm), while the remaining three hybrid flat slabs (third group) was used the HSC in compression zone with the same previous thicknesses. The experimental results shown that the ultimate load increased about (19.4%) when HSC was used fully (hH / h = 1) instead of using NSC in the control flat slab (NSC slab). The hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in compression zone showed higher in cracking and ultimate flexural loads compared with those of the hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in tension zone and also were stiffer in load-defl ection curve with the hybrid flat slabs with HSC in tension zone, also the hybrid flat slabs showed an improvement in the cracking load and ultimate flexural load when increasing the thickness of the HSC layer (hH / h) in both tension and compression zone as compared to control flat slab (NSC slab).
{"title":"Load-defl ection behaviour of hybrid concrete flat slab","authors":"Ragheed Makki, H. Al-Katib, Ahmed A. Alalikhan","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.47","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the important role of high strength concrete in the structural systems, present work focuses on the use of this material as a strengthening technique incorporating with the normal strength concrete in flat slab system. Eight simply supported flat slab models with (1,000 × 1,000 × 120 mm) dimensions are investigated based on three groups including normal strength concrete and high strength concrete. The first group represents models containing of two flat slabs fully with one type of concrete; NSC and HSC as control flat slab. The second and third groups consist of six flat slabs as hybrid flat slabs of two layer of concrete with different thicknesses. Concrete mixture HSC was used in tension zone in three hybrid flat slabs (second group) with three thicknesses (30, 60 and 90 mm), while the remaining three hybrid flat slabs (third group) was used the HSC in compression zone with the same previous thicknesses. The experimental results shown that the ultimate load increased about (19.4%) when HSC was used fully (hH / h = 1) instead of using NSC in the control flat slab (NSC slab). The hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in compression zone showed higher in cracking and ultimate flexural loads compared with those of the hybrid flat slabs with use HSC in tension zone and also were stiffer in load-defl ection curve with the hybrid flat slabs with HSC in tension zone, also the hybrid flat slabs showed an improvement in the cracking load and ultimate flexural load when increasing the thickness of the HSC layer (hH / h) in both tension and compression zone as compared to control flat slab (NSC slab).","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"516-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86892822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.58
E. Burszta-Adamiak, W. Fiałkiewicz
City development for residential, commercial and transportation purposes contributes to the disappearance of green areas. Only in Austria, 15–25 ha of land are sealed every day (Pendl, Hüfi ng, Muerth, Tributsch & Jäger-Katzmann, 2009). The urban sprawl tendency only enhances this phenomenon. The development of biologically active areas leads to the loss of recreation areas and potential habitats. The biodiversity of the given land decreases and the proportional share of specifi c elements in the water and heat balance become distorted. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the minimum green areas should be 50 m2 per urban agglomeration resident (Russo & Cirella, 2018). However, the reality is different. In many European cities, urban areas do not provide adequate space for green infrastructure. As a result, building green roofs, which are one of the green infrastructure solutions, is becoming increasingly perceived as an action with a benefi cial infl uence on the urban environment. Apart from the possibility to recreate biologically active areas in cities (partly, e.g. 50% in Poland), numerous studies confi rm the capacity of green roofs to retain rainwater and delay runoff, as well as to reduce the amount of pollutants in air, improve the microclimate and positively infl uence the urban heat island effect (Shafi que, Kim & Rafi q, 2018; Burszta-Adamiak, Stańczyk & Łomotowski, 2019). Another factor that is increasingly appreciated in cities, is the fact that green roofs provide friendly, green leisure spaces and improve the aesthetical values of buildings (Sutton, 2014). Other argument that supports their construction is the possibility to reduce carbon footprint in cities (Ugai, 2016) and direct water footprint (Fialkiewicz et al., 2018). Green roofs can also be included in the “smart city” Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences (2019), 28 (4), 641–652 Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. (2019), 28 (4) Przegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2019), 28 (4), 641–652 Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. (2019), 28 (4) http://iks.pn.sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.58
以居住、商业和交通为目的的城市发展导致了绿地的消失。仅在奥地利，每天有15-25公顷的土地被密封(Pendl, h fi, Muerth, Tributsch & Jäger-Katzmann, 2009)。城市扩张趋势只会加剧这一现象。生物活跃地区的发展导致休闲区和潜在栖息地的丧失。给定土地的生物多样性减少，特定元素在水和热平衡中的比例份额变得扭曲。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的规定，每个城市群居民的最低绿色面积应为50平方米(Russo & Cirella, 2018)。然而，现实并非如此。在许多欧洲城市，城市地区没有为绿色基础设施提供足够的空间。因此，建造绿色屋顶作为绿色基础设施解决方案之一，越来越被认为是对城市环境产生有益影响的一种行动。除了在城市中重建生物活跃区域的可能性(部分，例如波兰的50%)之外，许多研究证实了绿色屋顶能够保留雨水和延迟径流，以及减少空气中污染物的数量，改善小气候和积极影响城市热岛效应(Shafi que, Kim & Rafi q, 2018;Burszta-Adamiak, Stańczyk & Łomotowski, 2019)。另一个在城市中越来越受到重视的因素是，绿色屋顶提供了友好的绿色休闲空间，提高了建筑的美学价值(Sutton, 2014)。支持其建设的另一个论点是减少城市碳足迹(Ugai, 2016)和直接水足迹(Fialkiewicz et al.， 2018)的可能性。绿色屋顶也可以纳入“智慧城市”科学评论-工程与环境科学(2019)，28 (4)，641-652启Eng。Env。科学。(2019)， 28 (4) Przegląd Naukowy - Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2019)， 28 (4)， 641-652研究。在ż。Kszt。Ś杆。(2019)， 28 (4) http://iks.pn.sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.58
{"title":"A review of green roof incentives as motivators for the expansion of green infrastructure in European cities","authors":"E. Burszta-Adamiak, W. Fiałkiewicz","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.58","url":null,"abstract":"City development for residential, commercial and transportation purposes contributes to the disappearance of green areas. Only in Austria, 15–25 ha of land are sealed every day (Pendl, Hüfi ng, Muerth, Tributsch & Jäger-Katzmann, 2009). The urban sprawl tendency only enhances this phenomenon. The development of biologically active areas leads to the loss of recreation areas and potential habitats. The biodiversity of the given land decreases and the proportional share of specifi c elements in the water and heat balance become distorted. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the minimum green areas should be 50 m2 per urban agglomeration resident (Russo & Cirella, 2018). However, the reality is different. In many European cities, urban areas do not provide adequate space for green infrastructure. As a result, building green roofs, which are one of the green infrastructure solutions, is becoming increasingly perceived as an action with a benefi cial infl uence on the urban environment. Apart from the possibility to recreate biologically active areas in cities (partly, e.g. 50% in Poland), numerous studies confi rm the capacity of green roofs to retain rainwater and delay runoff, as well as to reduce the amount of pollutants in air, improve the microclimate and positively infl uence the urban heat island effect (Shafi que, Kim & Rafi q, 2018; Burszta-Adamiak, Stańczyk & Łomotowski, 2019). Another factor that is increasingly appreciated in cities, is the fact that green roofs provide friendly, green leisure spaces and improve the aesthetical values of buildings (Sutton, 2014). Other argument that supports their construction is the possibility to reduce carbon footprint in cities (Ugai, 2016) and direct water footprint (Fialkiewicz et al., 2018). Green roofs can also be included in the “smart city” Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences (2019), 28 (4), 641–652 Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. (2019), 28 (4) Przegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2019), 28 (4), 641–652 Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. (2019), 28 (4) http://iks.pn.sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.58","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"641-652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79816084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.59
Marcel Paredes, Elba M. Bodero, Tito Castillo, G. Fuentes, R. Viteri
Plastic is a material that is designed to be durable and economical (Fok & Cheung, 2015), that’s why, it is used for activities such as food, agriculture, medicine, automotive industry, electronics industry, clothing and also in construction and civil works (Dilkes-Hoffman, Pratt, Lant & Laycock, 2018). Historically the production of plastics each year grows by 9% (Crawford & Quinn, 2017a, b). Most plastics (synthetic polymers) are extremely durable and can remain in the environment for billions of years depending on the type of plastic (Chidambarampadmavathy, Karthikeyan & Heimann, 2017). The use of plastic has become common in drinking water facilities in recent years (Kelley, Stenson, Dey & Whelton, 2014), The Ecuadorian Technical Construction Standard recommends the use of rigid vinyl polymer (PVC) for potable water pipes in construction and distribution networks. All plastic to degrade by use and age releases micro plastic fragments (Wright & Kelly, 2017). Plastic fragments with a diameter less than 5 mm are commonly referred to as microplastics – MPs (Auta, Emenike & Fauziah, 2017; Novotna, Cermakova, Pivokonska, Cajthaml & Pivokonsky, 2019), even when the size in which the MPs can be defi ned is not clearly defi ned according to the state of the art (Rodríguez-Seijo & Pereira, 2017). A person can consume up to 14 plastic particles per day; these daily doses add up to an annual total of more than 4,000 (Rochman et al., 2015). The involuntary intake of this material is potentially harmful, since it has been found that MPs produce anomalous effects in the human gastrointestinal system (Van Cauwenberghe Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences (2019), 28 (4), 653–663 Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. (2019), 28 (4) Przegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2019), 28 (4), 653–663 Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. (2019), 28 (4) http://iks.pn.sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.59
{"title":"Microplastics in the drinking water of the Riobamba city, Ecuador","authors":"Marcel Paredes, Elba M. Bodero, Tito Castillo, G. Fuentes, R. Viteri","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.4.59","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic is a material that is designed to be durable and economical (Fok & Cheung, 2015), that’s why, it is used for activities such as food, agriculture, medicine, automotive industry, electronics industry, clothing and also in construction and civil works (Dilkes-Hoffman, Pratt, Lant & Laycock, 2018). Historically the production of plastics each year grows by 9% (Crawford & Quinn, 2017a, b). Most plastics (synthetic polymers) are extremely durable and can remain in the environment for billions of years depending on the type of plastic (Chidambarampadmavathy, Karthikeyan & Heimann, 2017). The use of plastic has become common in drinking water facilities in recent years (Kelley, Stenson, Dey & Whelton, 2014), The Ecuadorian Technical Construction Standard recommends the use of rigid vinyl polymer (PVC) for potable water pipes in construction and distribution networks. All plastic to degrade by use and age releases micro plastic fragments (Wright & Kelly, 2017). Plastic fragments with a diameter less than 5 mm are commonly referred to as microplastics – MPs (Auta, Emenike & Fauziah, 2017; Novotna, Cermakova, Pivokonska, Cajthaml & Pivokonsky, 2019), even when the size in which the MPs can be defi ned is not clearly defi ned according to the state of the art (Rodríguez-Seijo & Pereira, 2017). A person can consume up to 14 plastic particles per day; these daily doses add up to an annual total of more than 4,000 (Rochman et al., 2015). The involuntary intake of this material is potentially harmful, since it has been found that MPs produce anomalous effects in the human gastrointestinal system (Van Cauwenberghe Scientifi c Review – Engineering and Environmental Sciences (2019), 28 (4), 653–663 Sci. Rev. Eng. Env. Sci. (2019), 28 (4) Przegląd Naukowy – Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska (2019), 28 (4), 653–663 Prz. Nauk. Inż. Kszt. Środ. (2019), 28 (4) http://iks.pn.sggw.pl DOI 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.4.59","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"653-663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81719167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.41
Hasanain Al-Shamarti, Mohanad Albw Jbianah, O. Manji
The erosivity factor have a major effect on soil therefor a lot off researchers are interested about it. Actually, the erosivity depend on rainfall that could be a main source to water which effect on soil. To understand the erosivity factor in Iraq, we attempt to explain erosivity factor throughout 30 years (1980– –2010). Because of daily data of interval 15 and 30 min are not provided in this area, we used the Fournier modifi ed index (MFI) that based on monthly date of rainfall. Also, we applied linear regression equation between annual rainfall and the MFI to predict the variables and coeff cient of determination was calculated. The study period divided to three decades and spatial distribution by Kriging method was used to interpolate the MFI of study area which calculate by ArcGIS 10.4.1. The results show that in the northern zone of Iraq MFI maximum values were recorded and in the range of MFI above 160. Moreover, in Emadiyah station the MFI excessed 250, which means the erosivity factor has a big effect on soil in this zone. Whereas, in middle zone, the MFI has range 0–120 but most of years of study period recorded 0–90 of the MFI. In southern zone, the MFI was 0–60 therefore the erosivity factor was moderated or law. The linear regression models were found for each station of study area and only Emadiyah, Teleafer, Khanqin and Nasiriya have weak coefficient determination.
{"title":"Using monthly rainfall data to estimate rainfall erosivity factor of Iraq","authors":"Hasanain Al-Shamarti, Mohanad Albw Jbianah, O. Manji","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.41","url":null,"abstract":"The erosivity factor have a major effect on soil therefor a lot off researchers are interested about it. Actually, the erosivity depend on rainfall that could be a main source to water which effect on soil. To understand the erosivity factor in Iraq, we attempt to explain erosivity factor throughout 30 years (1980– –2010). Because of daily data of interval 15 and 30 min are not provided in this area, we used the Fournier modifi ed index (MFI) that based on monthly date of rainfall. Also, we applied linear regression equation between annual rainfall and the MFI to predict the variables and coeff cient of determination was calculated. The study period divided to three decades and spatial distribution by Kriging method was used to interpolate the MFI of study area which calculate by ArcGIS 10.4.1. The results show that in the northern zone of Iraq MFI maximum values were recorded and in the range of MFI above 160. Moreover, in Emadiyah station the MFI excessed 250, which means the erosivity factor has a big effect on soil in this zone. Whereas, in middle zone, the MFI has range 0–120 but most of years of study period recorded 0–90 of the MFI. In southern zone, the MFI was 0–60 therefore the erosivity factor was moderated or law. The linear regression models were found for each station of study area and only Emadiyah, Teleafer, Khanqin and Nasiriya have weak coefficient determination.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.35
Magdalena Kowacka, A. Duchaczek, Dominika Dudziak-Gajowiak, D. Skorupka, Agnieszka Waniewska
This study aimed to indicate the identified risk factors, which is the first stage in the presented method for risk analysis in geodetic works. The experts’ opinion, analysis of available documentation, experience, subject literature review, and observation allowed for obtaining information due to which 20 risk factors were selected. The presented method for risk analysis was developed as a result of investigations and verification of existing risk analysis methods, as well as the market needs. The results of the study on the identification of risk factors and the presented risk analysis method are the first stage of the research on the given subject, the continuation of which will be presented in subsequent works.
{"title":"Risk analysis in surveying works related to roads construction","authors":"Magdalena Kowacka, A. Duchaczek, Dominika Dudziak-Gajowiak, D. Skorupka, Agnieszka Waniewska","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to indicate the identified risk factors, which is the first stage in the presented method for risk analysis in geodetic works. The experts’ opinion, analysis of available documentation, experience, subject literature review, and observation allowed for obtaining information due to which 20 risk factors were selected. The presented method for risk analysis was developed as a result of investigations and verification of existing risk analysis methods, as well as the market needs. The results of the study on the identification of risk factors and the presented risk analysis method are the first stage of the research on the given subject, the continuation of which will be presented in subsequent works.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.32
K. Gromysz, Mateusz Smolana
The removal of building deflections consists of uneven raising of buildings with piston hydraulic jacks. A stack of parallelepiped steel elements is situated under jacks during defl ection removal for technological reasons. The stack has decisive influence on the stiffness of the supports. Tests of the stack of parallelepiped elements loaded with increasing and decreasing force were designed and carried out. Three characteristic phases were identified based on the tests. The maximum stiffness in particular phases was, respectively 13.1, 63.1 and 10.1% of theoretical stiffness.
{"title":"Examination of stiffness of stack of steel elements forming part of supports used for removal of building deflections","authors":"K. Gromysz, Mateusz Smolana","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.32","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of building deflections consists of uneven raising of buildings with piston hydraulic jacks. A stack of parallelepiped steel elements is situated under jacks during defl ection removal for technological reasons. The stack has decisive influence on the stiffness of the supports. Tests of the stack of parallelepiped elements loaded with increasing and decreasing force were designed and carried out. Three characteristic phases were identified based on the tests. The maximum stiffness in particular phases was, respectively 13.1, 63.1 and 10.1% of theoretical stiffness.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.40
A. Rokochinskiy, N. Frolenkova, J. Jeznach, R. Koptiuk, Vasily Turcheniuk, P. Volk
Improvement principles of development reclamation projects technologies considering drained lands water regulation optimization based on BIM were observed. Modern methodological basis and at the same time, universal technical tool that allows to improve the practice of designing complex objects and systems that is successfully used and developed in almost all fields of science, technology and industry is computer aided design building information modelling – BIM. In structural terms BIM is an organizational and technical system consisting of a large number of interrelated and interacting components. The main function of BIM is to carry out object aided design and their components through the use of mathematical models and other automated design procedures and computer technology. So, transition to optimization design methods will help to improve the overall ecological and economic efficiency of drainage reclamation, especially in working out new construction, reconstruction and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems.
{"title":"Reclamation projects development improvement technology considering optimization of drained lands water regulation based on BIM","authors":"A. Rokochinskiy, N. Frolenkova, J. Jeznach, R. Koptiuk, Vasily Turcheniuk, P. Volk","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.40","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement principles of development reclamation projects technologies considering drained lands water regulation optimization based on BIM were observed. Modern methodological basis and at the same time, universal technical tool that allows to improve the practice of designing complex objects and systems that is successfully used and developed in almost all fields of science, technology and industry is computer aided design building information modelling – BIM. In structural terms BIM is an organizational and technical system consisting of a large number of interrelated and interacting components. The main function of BIM is to carry out object aided design and their components through the use of mathematical models and other automated design procedures and computer technology. So, transition to optimization design methods will help to improve the overall ecological and economic efficiency of drainage reclamation, especially in working out new construction, reconstruction and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.38
Z. Skutnik, M. Biliniak, W. Sas, Emil Soból
The paper presents an evaluation of the influence of the degree of saturation of soil with water on its stiffness in the range of small deformations. Appropriate analysis of the interaction of the building structure with the subsoil carried out with the use of numerical methods requires the knowledge of parameters, in particular stiffness characteristics in the range of deformations corresponding to the actual conditions of the structure’s work. Usually the deformations of the subsoil caused by the structure do not exceed 10–3, therefore it is particularly important for the geotechnical engineer to determine the soil stiffness in the range of deformations 10–5–10–3. In order to determine the stiffness characteristics of cohesive subsoil, a triaxial compression apparatus equipped with piezoelectric elements of bender type was used, enabling the measurement of the transverse wave velocity inside the sample. The base of the described triaxial apparatus is equipped with high-pressure air entry ceramics (HAEV), which allowed to use the technique of “axis translation” to perform tests for variable (controlled) degree of saturation of the soil sample with water. In the literature, the degree of saturation (Sr) and soil moisture are mentioned as one of many factors which, apart from physical properties, values of effective stresses, voids index, stress history and others, infl uence the velocity of wave propagation in the ground. The publication describes the methodology of research and presents the results of own research.
{"title":"Zastosowanie piezoelementów typu bender do oceny sztywności początkowej gruntu nienasyconego z kontrolowanym ciśnieniem ssania","authors":"Z. Skutnik, M. Biliniak, W. Sas, Emil Soból","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.38","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an evaluation of the influence of the degree of saturation of soil with water on its stiffness in the range of small deformations. Appropriate analysis of the interaction of the building structure with the subsoil carried out with the use of numerical methods requires the knowledge of parameters, in particular stiffness characteristics in the range of deformations corresponding to the actual conditions of the structure’s work. Usually the deformations of the subsoil caused by the structure do not exceed 10–3, therefore it is particularly important for the geotechnical engineer to determine the soil stiffness in the range of deformations 10–5–10–3. In order to determine the stiffness characteristics of cohesive subsoil, a triaxial compression apparatus equipped with piezoelectric elements of bender type was used, enabling the measurement of the transverse wave velocity inside the sample. The base of the described triaxial apparatus is equipped with high-pressure air entry ceramics (HAEV), which allowed to use the technique of “axis translation” to perform tests for variable (controlled) degree of saturation of the soil sample with water. In the literature, the degree of saturation (Sr) and soil moisture are mentioned as one of many factors which, apart from physical properties, values of effective stresses, voids index, stress history and others, infl uence the velocity of wave propagation in the ground. The publication describes the methodology of research and presents the results of own research.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47541387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.36
Anna Ostańska
The task of maintaining Polish prefabricated housing stock is a challenge due to its scale. These assets are still nearly 50% of the multi-family houses in use. They are in good technical condition. To define the objectives and scope of improvements, the manager needs to account for not only technical merits but also the user/flat owner point of view. As observed in practice, estate managers rarely strive to identify the needs of residents. This study investigates into opinions and needs of inhabitants of a housing estate in Lublin, south-eastern Poland. A series of surveys were carried out at five years intervals to capture their evolution. The questions concerned accessibility, deficiencies in local amenities, the condition of the estate’s infrastructure, buildings and flats, and opinions on priorities of improvement measures. The survey results are intended as input for planning the modernization of the estate.
{"title":"Monitoring the resident’s needs: input for the pre-construction stage of rehabilitation projects","authors":"Anna Ostańska","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.36","url":null,"abstract":"The task of maintaining Polish prefabricated housing stock is a challenge due to its scale. These assets are still nearly 50% of the multi-family houses in use. They are in good technical condition. To define the objectives and scope of improvements, the manager needs to account for not only technical merits but also the user/flat owner point of view. As observed in practice, estate managers rarely strive to identify the needs of residents. This study investigates into opinions and needs of inhabitants of a housing estate in Lublin, south-eastern Poland. A series of surveys were carried out at five years intervals to capture their evolution. The questions concerned accessibility, deficiencies in local amenities, the condition of the estate’s infrastructure, buildings and flats, and opinions on priorities of improvement measures. The survey results are intended as input for planning the modernization of the estate.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.42
P. Falaciński, Ł. Szarek
Slowdown of the outflow and partial management of rainwater is an issue necessary to relieve the sewage system and improve the ground water conditions. One possible solution to this problem is the implementation of retention reservoirs that collect rainwater (driving rain) and gradually discharge it to the sewage system or natural receiver. The article presents an analysis of the operation of a retention reservoir, the purpose of which is to collect and manage rainwater from a multi-level Park & Ride facility.
{"title":"Analiza pracy układu do retencji wody opadowej na terenie obiektu P+R w Warszawie","authors":"P. Falaciński, Ł. Szarek","doi":"10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2019.28.3.42","url":null,"abstract":"Slowdown of the outflow and partial management of rainwater is an issue necessary to relieve the sewage system and improve the ground water conditions. One possible solution to this problem is the implementation of retention reservoirs that collect rainwater (driving rain) and gradually discharge it to the sewage system or natural receiver. The article presents an analysis of the operation of a retention reservoir, the purpose of which is to collect and manage rainwater from a multi-level Park & Ride facility.","PeriodicalId":38397,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47715576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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