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Identification of factors shaping tender prices for lightweight 确定影响轻量化投标价格的因素
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.16
A. Leśniak, M. Górka, D. Wieczorek
A reliable estimation of the tender prices for lightweight curtain walls is a complex and time-consuming process for the contractor, as it depends on many factors related to both the technical parameters of the designed façade and the investor’s requirements for the solutions selected. The aim of the paper is to identify the factors affecting the costs of manufacturing lightweight curtain walls. Data regarding the complexity of curtain wall construction costs was obtained on the basis of the analysis of project documentation, cost estimates and as-built accounts for selected 50 public buildings. The authors identified the factors affecting the costs of aluminum-glass facades and ventilated facades. Their identification is the first element necessary to develop a new method of predicting the costs of implementation of such types of facade which are included in the authors’ research plans.
对于承包商来说,对轻质幕墙投标价格的可靠估计是一个复杂而耗时的过程,因为它取决于与设计幕墙的技术参数和投资者对所选解决方案的要求相关的许多因素。本文的目的是确定影响制造轻质幕墙成本的因素。关于幕墙建筑成本复杂性的数据是根据对选定的50座公共建筑的项目文件、成本概算和竣工决算的分析得出的。作者确定了影响铝玻璃幕墙和通风幕墙成本的因素。它们的识别是开发一种预测实施这种类型立面成本的新方法所必需的第一个要素,这包括在作者的研究计划中。
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引用次数: 3
A study on soil-geotextile interaction using gradient ratio tests 用梯度比试验研究土-土工织物相互作用
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.22
Anna Miszkowska
Nonwoven geotextile have been widely used for filtration. In this paper, the clogging potential for a soil-geotextile system were assessed using laboratory tests. An ASTM modified gradient ratio test device was used to determine gradient ratio as well as soil-gradient ratio. One type of nonwoven geotextile and soil were used to simulate the conditions in drainage system. The obtained results indicate that the gradient ratio and soil-gradient ratio increases with time because of clogging mechanism. However, the tested geotextile can be used as fi lter for soil with fine content of 20%.
非织造土工布已广泛用于过滤。本文通过室内试验对土工织物-土工织物体系的堵塞潜力进行了评估。采用ASTM改良的梯度比试验装置测定梯度比和土-梯度比。采用一种非织造土工布和土壤对排水系统进行了模拟。结果表明,由于堵塞机制的存在,梯度比和土-梯度比随时间增大。而所测试的土工布可以作为细含量为20%的土壤的过滤材料。
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引用次数: 0
The relation between the cost impact and mismanagement in the Middle East construction projects 中东建设项目成本影响与管理不善的关系
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-30 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.2.19
Forat Al-Sahar
The creations of construction projects firstly try to achieve several specific goals. Effective projects are believed when these goals achieved. The principal concerns are to cross the downsides and defects. The stage of the performance project may be the most significant, crucial and drains of the resources through the project life cycle, its dependence on monitoring by professional in order to exceeded things blocking the path and accomplish the project plan exactly. The targets of the study are to diagnosis the actual reasons and locating the relation of mismanagement of the project execution stage and measure their influence on the cost. The study achieved and diagnoses many problems that have a negative impact on the projects management implementation as well as the effects of the cost by using many ways to reaching the target. There are 22 problems it is the main reasons that deviation the cost plus they obtain agreement level number according to Likert scale quintet.
建设项目的创作首先要实现几个具体的目标。当这些目标实现时,就相信项目是有效的。主要的关注点是克服缺点和缺陷。绩效项目的阶段可能是整个项目生命周期中最重要、最关键、最消耗资源的阶段,它依赖于专业人员的监控,以便超越阻碍项目前进道路的事物,准确地完成项目计划。研究的目的是诊断项目执行阶段管理不善的实际原因和定位管理不善的关系,并测量其对成本的影响。本研究通过多种途径达到目标,实现并诊断了许多影响项目管理实施和成本影响的问题。有22个问题,其主要原因是偏离成本加上他们根据李克特量表五重奏获得的协议等级数。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Cμ2 derived from ultrasonic anemometer in an urban boundary layer 城市边界层超声风速仪测得的Cμ2特征
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.2
M. Al-Jiboori, Sundus H. Jaber
Fast-response observations of three components of wind and air temperature have been applied to calculate the refractive index function coefficient (Cμ2 ), which is needed to describe optical wave propagation in a turbulent medium. These were measured by 3D ultrasonic anemometer installed on the roof of the building of Atmospheric Science Department which is 19 m above ground level. Refractive index function coeffi cient was calculated for various periods of three seasons: winter, spring and summer.Diurnal variations of (Cμ2) have been made at the surface layer for these seasons. The results show that high values ofmean (Cμ2) occurred during the day time more than at night, also they occurred more in summer than in winter and spring. The results of (Cμ2) found to change with atmospheric stability, whereas they inversely decrease under unstable conditions, approximately constant at neutral cases, and increase under stable conditions. Values of (Cμ2) on average appears to be lower during the rainy and foggy weather cases compared to those of clear sky.
利用风和气温三分量的快速响应观测,计算了描述光波在湍流介质中传播所需的折射率函数系数Cμ2。这些都是通过安装在大气科学系建筑物屋顶上的三维超声波风速仪测量的,该建筑物距离地面19米。计算了冬季、春季和夏季三个季节不同时期的折射率函数系数。得到了这些季节的表层(Cμ2)的日变化规律。结果表明,平均(Cμ2)的高值出现在白天多于夜间,夏季多于冬季和春季。(Cμ2)的结果随大气稳定性的变化而变化,在不稳定条件下呈反比减小,在中性条件下近似恒定,在稳定条件下增加。(Cμ2)在多雨、多雾天气下的平均值要低于晴空天气。
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引用次数: 2
The proposal to transform an old limestone quarry into a botanical garden with a rainforest zone: a case study 将一个古老的石灰石采石场改造成一个带热带雨林的植物园:一个案例研究
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.12
D. Słonina, G. Kusza, Mateusz Mikołajów
Nowadays, a significant part of cities is tackling the problems with post-mining areas. This manuscript is an original research which shows possibilities of their reclamation. The aim of the article is to present the proposal of developing the closed limestone quarry and creating a botanical garden. The proposed spatial solutions allow for creating a new, tourist and recreation space, maintaining the natural heritage. The work also assumed carrying out a dendrological inventory, in order to determine the existing dendrofl ora. The required spatial, nature and communication analyses, which illustrate the current condition of the area and defi ne further design works, have also been carried out. The main idea of the project was to maintain the particular biodiversity, combined with regional culture and its continuous development. This type of assumption aims not only at protection of endangered species. It also has a great role in shaping the awareness of natural environment of various social groups. The creation of a rainforest substitute in the Opole Botanical Garden was possible through selection of the existing afforestation, considering its adaptation as well as through liquidation and introduction of new trees, shrubs, perennial and climbing plants, which shall emphasise the tropical landscape type by their shapes, texture and colours. The project includes many elements, which reflect the general image of humid rainforests. The planned vegetation in connection with the appropriately selected architecture shall undoubtedly influence visitors’ senses, transferring them to the ‘wild’ and mysterious part of the world.
如今,相当一部分城市正在解决后矿区问题。这份手稿是一份原创性的研究,展示了它们被重新利用的可能性。本文的目的是提出开发封闭的石灰石采石场和创建一个植物园的建议。提出的空间解决方案考虑到创造一个新的旅游和娱乐空间,同时保持自然遗产。这项工作还假定进行树木清查,以确定现有的树木种类。还进行了必要的空间、自然和交通分析,这些分析说明了该地区的现状,并确定了进一步的设计工作。该项目的主要思想是保持独特的生物多样性,结合区域文化及其持续发展。这种假设的目的不仅在于保护濒危物种。它对塑造社会各群体的自然环境意识也有很大的作用。通过选择现有的绿化,考虑其适应性,以及通过清理和引进新的树木、灌木、多年生植物和攀缘植物,在奥波莱植物园中创建一个热带雨林替代品,这些植物将通过其形状、纹理和颜色来强调热带景观类型。该项目包括许多元素,反映了潮湿雨林的总体形象。规划的植被与适当选择的建筑相结合,无疑会影响游客的感官,将他们转移到世界的“野生”和神秘的部分。
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引用次数: 0
The environmental and landscape values of the small lowland river valley and their threats on the example of the Kraska river (Masovian Voivodeship) 低地小河谷的环境和景观价值及其对克拉斯卡河的威胁(马索维安省)
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.7
Katarzyna Celejewska-Mrozek, P. Oglęcki
The environmental and landscape values of the Kraska River Valley as the typical example of small lowland water flow path were analysed. The WULS-SGGW method, allowing to the estimation of whole valley reach as well as its peculiar eco-morphological zones, was used. The unregulated, regulated in the years 1990– –2012 and continuously maintained from the year 2015 reaches are present in the valley. It was stated that the unregulated reaches characterise themselves by higher environmental values and biological diversity, especially in the case of invertebrate fauna. The invertebrates, as the key element of the river community, quickly rebuild their structure after the termination of maintenance works. The vertebrate fauna, even unconnected strictly with the riverbed, shows higher values on the unmaintained valley reaches.
以克拉斯卡河流域为典型的低地小水道为例,分析了该流域的环境景观价值。采用WULS-SGGW方法,既可估算整个河谷河段,又可估算其特有的生态形态带。在1990年至2012年期间未受管制,并从2015年开始持续维持的河段存在于山谷中。有人指出,未经管制的河段具有较高的环境价值和生物多样性,特别是无脊椎动物。无脊椎动物作为河流群落的关键元素,在维修工程结束后迅速重建其结构。即使与河床没有严格联系,在未得到维护的河谷河段,脊椎动物动物群也显示出更高的数值。
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引用次数: 0
Zredukowane współrzędne obrysu strumienia na trapezowym progu przepuszczalnym z przelewem o ostrej krawędzi na skarpie górnej 梯形透水门槛上的简化流量等值线坐标,顶坡上有锐边溢流
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/pniks.2019.28.1.6
S. Bajkowski, Sebastian Piątek, Aneta Tymińska
The purpose of the work was to develop a typical shape of water surface profi le above trapezoidal gabion sill with the sharpcrested weir on the upstream slope. Reduced co-ordinates of the water surface profile above trapezoidal gabion sill with a sharp-crested weir on the upstream slope were developed. The ordinate points of the contour were reduced in relation to the height of the upstream water level above the sharp-crested weir. The cut off points of the contour were reduced according to the length of the zone influencing the stream to the inside of the stone sill. In the analyzes, the results of laboratory tests were used, according to which the shape of the free surface profile reduced coordinates was developed. The analyzed sill consisted of the permeable part filled natural aggregates and the solid part in the form of an inclined sharp-crested weir. The sill had a symetrical trapezoidal shape with the slopes of 1 : 1. The shape of the stream flowing over the analyzed sill depends on the head of the upstream water level above the crest of the slope weir. As a result of the conducted analyzes, a uniform stream shape was obtained for both the free and wave flow of the disturbance zone. The profiles obtained have strong correlation dependence. The obtained results can be taken into account during design similar hydraulic structures.
研究的目的是在上游坡面有最尖堰的梯形格宾网箱上方形成典型的水面剖面形状。建立了上游坡面有尖顶堰的梯形格宾笼台上方水面剖面的简化坐标。轮廓线的纵坐标点相对于尖顶堰上方上游水位的高度减少。轮廓的切断点根据影响流到石基内部的区域的长度而减少。在分析中,使用了实验室试验的结果,并据此制定了自由表面轮廓的简化坐标形状。所分析的地基由充填天然集料的透水部分和以斜尖顶堰形式存在的实心部分组成。窗台呈对称的梯形,斜度为1:1。流过所分析堤岸的水流的形状取决于坡堰顶部以上的上游水位的水头。通过分析,得到了扰动区自由流和波动流的均匀流形。得到的剖面具有很强的相关依赖性。所得结果可供类似水工结构的设计参考。
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引用次数: 2
Groundwater assessment at east side of Mosul City during 2014–2017 2014-2017年摩苏尔市东部地下水评估
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.4
Ali Al-Abedeen Al-Ozeer, Mohammed Ahmed
This study assesses groundwater quality GWQ at the east side of Mosul city for different purposes during 2014–2017. Eighteen shallow wells distributed in residential areas are selected and assessed by analyzing their physical, chemical and biological properties. This study reviews the textures of sub-layers by using groundwater modelling system (GMS) to show the probability of infiltration of nearby wastewater and gray water. This study analyzes epidemiological data about diarrhea cases that were increased during that period and calculating the relative, attributed and odd risk. There are three types of assessment are conducted including ranking assessment, weighted assessment and geographical information systems (GIS) assessment. A final map is created to show the most suitable area for live stock and irrigation purposes. The results show that the studied groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking. High damage can happen for crops with sensitivity for salinity. Most wells are acceptable for live stock purpose.
本研究评估了2014-2017年摩苏尔市东侧不同用途的地下水水质GWQ。选取分布在居民区的18口浅井,对其物理、化学和生物特性进行了分析和评价。本文利用地下水模拟系统(GMS)对子层的结构进行了回顾,以显示附近废水和灰水的渗透概率。本研究分析了在此期间腹泻病例增加的流行病学数据,并计算了相对风险、归因风险和奇数风险。进行了三种类型的评估,包括排名评估、加权评估和地理信息系统(GIS)评估。最后绘制出一张地图,显示最适合养殖牲畜和灌溉的区域。结果表明,所研究的地下水样本不适合饮用。对盐敏感的作物可能遭受严重的损害。大多数井都可以用来饲养牲畜。
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引用次数: 4
Modelling the set of earthworks machinery with the use of computer simulation 利用计算机模拟对一套土方机械进行建模
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.15
W. Rogala, H. Anysz
The paper presents the comparison of deterministic and stochastic approach for modeling the set of earthworks machinery. Simulation takes into account the normal distribution of cycle time and efficiency of machines and points out its influence for total construction works time. Results of the simulation indicate the need of identification time and efficiency deviation as a risk factor, which can cause delay whenever earthworks cycle includes the serial work of several machines.
本文比较了确定方法和随机方法在土方机械机组建模中的应用。仿真考虑了机器的周期时间和效率的正态分布,并指出了其对施工总工期的影响。仿真结果表明,当土方工程周期包含多台机器的连续工作时,需要将时间和效率偏差作为风险因素进行识别,从而导致延误。
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引用次数: 3
Investigations of the impact of polluted natural waters on cardiovascular diseases and development of integrated prevention system 天然水体污染对心血管疾病的影响调查及综合防治体系建设
Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-27 DOI: 10.22630/PNIKS.2019.28.1.5
V. Vishnevetskiy, V. Popruzhniy
The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between natural water pollutions and the prevalence of heart diseases. We analyzed the data from the 2014 Federal Service Report on the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population. The correlation analysis of data on mortality and primary morbidity of the population was carried out, the correlation between the quality of natural water and cardiovascular diseases of the population was established. The complex method of water quality assessment according to the data of hydrochemical monitoring of the Azov Sea and rivers flowing into it were used in the investigation, the influence of the main pollutants such as copper and manganese on the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases according to mortality and primary morbidity for the population of Taganrog was considered. As conclusion we can state that statistical association between water intake and heart diseases exists in the region of analysis. However, further studies on water intake are needed to confirm our findings.
这项研究的目的是建立天然水污染与心脏病发病率之间的关系。我们分析了2014年联邦服务报告中关于人口卫生和流行病学福利状况的数据。对人群死亡率和原发发病率数据进行相关性分析,建立天然水质与人群心血管疾病的相关性。根据亚速海及其入海河流的水化学监测数据,采用综合水质评价方法,根据塔甘罗格人口的死亡率和原发发病率,考虑了铜、锰等主要污染物对心血管疾病动态的影响。综上所述,我们可以说明,在分析区域内,水摄入量与心脏病之间存在统计学关联。然而,需要进一步的水摄入量研究来证实我们的发现。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences
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