Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140169
Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Fard , Anton N. Patarashvili , Anastasiia N. Patarashvili , Marina Yu. Aleshina , Vladislav O. Davydov , Alexey V. Katsaba , Alexey A. Efimov , Victor V. Ivanov
This paper presents a two-channel pulsed spark ablation method for the predictable and full-range fine-tuning of the elemental composition in Al–Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. The system was calibrated by investigating the mass yield in the region of extremely low discharge energies. For the targeted boundary compositions — Al-rich (80 wt% Al) and Zn-rich (2 wt% Al) — EDX analysis confirmed the predicted ratios with high accuracy, validating the precision of the control method. Comprehensive TEM, SAED, and EDX characterization revealed that the nanoparticles form branched, porous aggregates of intimately mixed Al and Zn nanoclusters (mean size 5 nm), constituting a homogeneous nanoscale mixture. This approach provides a direct and versatile route for the tailored design of complex bimetallic nanomaterials with controlled composition and enhanced interfacial area, promising for applications in catalysis and aerosol printing.
{"title":"Controlled synthesis of Al–Zn bimetallic nanoparticles by dual-channel spark ablation","authors":"Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Fard , Anton N. Patarashvili , Anastasiia N. Patarashvili , Marina Yu. Aleshina , Vladislav O. Davydov , Alexey V. Katsaba , Alexey A. Efimov , Victor V. Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a two-channel pulsed spark ablation method for the predictable and full-range fine-tuning of the elemental composition in Al–Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. The system was calibrated by investigating the mass yield in the region of extremely low discharge energies. For the targeted boundary compositions — Al-rich (<span><math><mi>≈</mi></math></span>80 wt% Al) and Zn-rich (<span><math><mi>≈</mi></math></span>2 wt% Al) — EDX analysis confirmed the predicted ratios with high accuracy, validating the precision of the control method. Comprehensive TEM, SAED, and EDX characterization revealed that the nanoparticles form branched, porous aggregates of intimately mixed Al and Zn nanoclusters (mean size <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>5 nm), constituting a homogeneous nanoscale mixture. This approach provides a direct and versatile route for the tailored design of complex bimetallic nanomaterials with controlled composition and enhanced interfacial area, promising for applications in catalysis and aerosol printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140154
Chunhua Ren, Mengting Jiao, Hongwei Ji, Huaiwen Wang, Yutong Yan, Bing Liu
In the characterization of perovskite failure, conventional techniques face considerable challenges in achieving multiphysics coupling, in situ, non-destructive, rapid assessment, and spatial resolution. This study proposes an experimental method based on grayscale evolution and digital image correlation (DIC). Using large-grained MAPbI₃ thin films as the research object, this method enables pixel-level tracking of degradation evolution under illumination, voltage, and deformation conditions using optical microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation among grayscale evolution, crystal phase changes, and optoelectronic performance. Tensile strain accelerates degradation and leads to an earlier onset; in this study (), the maximum degradation rate is approximately 1.5 times that of the strain-free condition. In addition, grain boundaries exhibit a certain hindering effect on strain transmission. Overall, this method provides an effective tool for investigating degradation under coupled multiphysics fields and for the rapid stability evaluation of perovskite materials.
{"title":"A method for characterizing the degradation of perovskite films under mechanical coupling using grayscale tracking and digital image correlation techniques","authors":"Chunhua Ren, Mengting Jiao, Hongwei Ji, Huaiwen Wang, Yutong Yan, Bing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the characterization of perovskite failure, conventional techniques face considerable challenges in achieving multiphysics coupling, in situ, non-destructive, rapid assessment, and spatial resolution. This study proposes an experimental method based on grayscale evolution and digital image correlation (DIC). Using large-grained MAPbI₃ thin films as the research object, this method enables pixel-level tracking of degradation evolution under illumination, voltage, and deformation conditions using optical microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation among grayscale evolution, crystal phase changes, and optoelectronic performance. Tensile strain accelerates degradation and leads to an earlier onset; in this study (<span><math><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>Mises</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.00895</mn></math></span>), the maximum degradation rate is approximately 1.5 times that of the strain-free condition. In addition, grain boundaries exhibit a certain hindering effect on strain transmission. Overall, this method provides an effective tool for investigating degradation under coupled multiphysics fields and for the rapid stability evaluation of perovskite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140159
Yihang Pang , Pengtao Li , Yihui Jiang , Haorui Zhong , Xingde Zhang , Fei Cao , Yanfang Wang , Di Huang
TiB2 ceramics are ideal reinforcements for high-conductivity copper matrix composites, but poor interfacial wettability causes particle agglomeration and performance degradation. This study integrates first-principles calculations and experiments to elucidate the effects of 15 dopants on TiB2/Cu interfacial energy. The undoped interface exhibits a high interfacial energy of 5.56 J/m2, which is significantly reduced via two mechanisms: orbital hybridization dominated by Ce (Ce-4f/Cu-3d/B-2p coupling) and electrostatic interactions primarily induced by La. Reduced interfacial energy promotes nucleation, suppresses particle growth, refines TiB2 dispersion, and enhances composite tensile strength, providing theoretical guidance for interface engineering and microstructure control.
{"title":"First-principles calculations reveal two interface mechanisms to improve dispersion and strength of TiB2/Cu composites","authors":"Yihang Pang , Pengtao Li , Yihui Jiang , Haorui Zhong , Xingde Zhang , Fei Cao , Yanfang Wang , Di Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiB<sub>2</sub> ceramics are ideal reinforcements for high-conductivity copper matrix composites, but poor interfacial wettability causes particle agglomeration and performance degradation. This study integrates first-principles calculations and experiments to elucidate the effects of 15 dopants on TiB<sub>2</sub>/Cu interfacial energy. The undoped interface exhibits a high interfacial energy of 5.56 J/m<sup>2</sup>, which is significantly reduced via two mechanisms: orbital hybridization dominated by Ce (Ce-4f/Cu-3d/B-2p coupling) and electrostatic interactions primarily induced by La. Reduced interfacial energy promotes nucleation, suppresses particle growth, refines TiB<sub>2</sub> dispersion, and enhances composite tensile strength, providing theoretical guidance for interface engineering and microstructure control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140163
Chengwei Yang , Yuqin Guo , Xu Jia , Xiao Li
A novel fluorescence sensing platform was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) using aptamer-functionalized Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a wide linear range from 1 pM to 1 μM with an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.3 pM, high specificity against structural analogs, and remarkable reproducibility. The method was successfully applied to milk, honey, and fish samples, achieving recoveries of 91.4–109.0% with RSDs ≤6.8%, highlighting its strong anti-interference capacity and practicality. This work offers a robust, reliable, and highly sensitive approach for monitoring trace CAP in food safety applications.
{"title":"Aptamer-functionalized Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of chloramphenicol in food samples","authors":"Chengwei Yang , Yuqin Guo , Xu Jia , Xiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel fluorescence sensing platform was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) using aptamer-functionalized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Au nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the assay demonstrated a wide linear range from 1 pM to 1 μM with an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.3 pM, high specificity against structural analogs, and remarkable reproducibility. The method was successfully applied to milk, honey, and fish samples, achieving recoveries of 91.4–109.0% with RSDs ≤6.8%, highlighting its strong anti-interference capacity and practicality. This work offers a robust, reliable, and highly sensitive approach for monitoring trace CAP in food safety applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the crystallographic texture evolution of the Monel-400 clad surface produced by cold metal transfer (CMT) wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Microscopic analysis revealed distinct dendrites oriented along the building direction and interface, including equiaxed, cellular, and elongated columnar structures. The maximum ultimate strength of 815 ± 7.8 MPa was observed for the clad surface. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indicated high-strain texture, i.e., C and B , for Monel-400. The orientation distribution function map (ODF) showed the combined texture formation of recrystallization (Goss) and deformation texture (S for a clad surface. Pole-figure and ODF maps indicate directional solidification during the CMT clad process. These texture-microstructure mechanisms contribute to a better understanding of the solidification process of CMT cladding, making Monel-400 well-suited for application in the marine and agriculture industries.
{"title":"Texture transition mechanisms in Monel 400 during cold metal transfer cladding","authors":"Lalit Kumar Yadav , Joy Prakash Misra , Rajnesh Tyagi , Shubham Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the crystallographic texture evolution of the Monel-400 clad surface produced by cold metal transfer (CMT) wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Microscopic analysis revealed distinct dendrites oriented along the building direction and interface, including equiaxed, cellular, and elongated columnar structures. The maximum ultimate strength of 815 ± 7.8 MPa was observed for the clad surface. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indicated high-strain texture, i.e., C <span><math><mfenced><mn>110</mn></mfenced><mo><</mo><mfenced><mn>11</mn></mfenced><mfenced><mover><mn>0</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></mfenced></math></span> and B <span><math><mfenced><mn>111</mn></mfenced><mo><</mo><mfenced><mn>1</mn></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, for Monel-400. The orientation distribution function map (ODF) showed the combined texture formation of recrystallization (Goss<span><math><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mn>110</mn></mfenced><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mn>0</mn></mfenced><mfenced><mn>01</mn></mfenced></math></span>) and deformation texture (S <span><math><mfenced><mn>123</mn></mfenced><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mn>6</mn></mfenced><mfenced><mn>34</mn></mfenced><mo>)</mo></math></span> for a clad surface. Pole-figure and ODF maps indicate directional solidification during the CMT clad process. These texture-microstructure mechanisms contribute to a better understanding of the solidification process of CMT cladding, making Monel-400 well-suited for application in the marine and agriculture industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140176
Khaled Faisal Qasim , Zakaria Mohamed , Osama Ragab , Hassan M. Abdel-Khabeer , D.E. El Refaay , Manal Bin Zaima , M.M. El-Desoky , E. Sheha
This study explores iron-doped sulfur cathodes to enhance the electrochemical performance of sodium- and magnesium‑sulfur batteries. Fe-doped sulfur composites were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TGA, confirming successful Fe incorporation, lattice modification, and improved thermal stability. Electrochemical tests on Na/SFe and Mg/SFe cells showed higher initial capacities (about 1280 mAh g−1 for Na and 830 mAh g−1 for Mg). Despite these improvements, both systems exhibited gradual capacity fading due to polysulfide shuttling and interfacial degradation. Warburg analysis revealed reduced diffusion coefficients after cycling, indicating growing mass-transport limitations. Overall, further electrolyte and interface optimization is required for long-term durability.
本研究探索了铁掺杂硫阴极，以提高钠硫电池和镁硫电池的电化学性能。采用水热法合成了铁掺杂硫复合材料，并通过XRD、FTIR、SEM-EDX和TGA对其进行了表征，证实了铁掺杂、晶格修饰和热稳定性的提高。电化学测试表明，Na/SFe和Mg/SFe电池的初始容量更高（Na约为1280 mAh g - 1， Mg约为830 mAh g - 1）。尽管有这些改进，但由于多硫化物穿梭和界面降解，两种体系都表现出逐渐的容量衰退。Warburg分析显示循环后扩散系数降低，表明质量输运限制增加。总体而言，需要进一步优化电解质和界面以实现长期耐用性。
{"title":"Modification of sulfur cathodes with Iron for enhanced metal-sulfur battery performance","authors":"Khaled Faisal Qasim , Zakaria Mohamed , Osama Ragab , Hassan M. Abdel-Khabeer , D.E. El Refaay , Manal Bin Zaima , M.M. El-Desoky , E. Sheha","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores iron-doped sulfur cathodes to enhance the electrochemical performance of sodium- and magnesium‑sulfur batteries. Fe-doped sulfur composites were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TGA, confirming successful Fe incorporation, lattice modification, and improved thermal stability. Electrochemical tests on Na/SFe and Mg/SFe cells showed higher initial capacities (about 1280 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for Na and 830 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for Mg). Despite these improvements, both systems exhibited gradual capacity fading due to polysulfide shuttling and interfacial degradation. Warburg analysis revealed reduced diffusion coefficients after cycling, indicating growing mass-transport limitations. Overall, further electrolyte and interface optimization is required for long-term durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140174
Hong-Fei Ran , Xiao Li , Fu-Kun Ma , Bing Li , Bo Guan , Jing Xu , Yang Cao , Chang-Jian Yan
Achieving a balance between strength and ductility remains a critical challenge for materials fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). In this work, a gradient heterogeneous microstructure including grain size and phase gradient was produced in the selectively laser melted 304 L stainless steel using ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technology. The hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strain hardening and martensitic transformation play critical roles in optimizing the strength-ductility balance. This work is expected to provide a convenient post-processing technique for SLM austenitic stainless steel with excellent strength and ductility.
{"title":"Achieving strength-ductility synergy in selective laser melted 304 L via a gradient heterogeneous microstructure","authors":"Hong-Fei Ran , Xiao Li , Fu-Kun Ma , Bing Li , Bo Guan , Jing Xu , Yang Cao , Chang-Jian Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving a balance between strength and ductility remains a critical challenge for materials fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). In this work, a gradient heterogeneous microstructure including grain size and phase gradient was produced in the selectively laser melted 304 L stainless steel using ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technology. The hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) strain hardening and martensitic transformation play critical roles in optimizing the strength-ductility balance. This work is expected to provide a convenient post-processing technique for SLM austenitic stainless steel with excellent strength and ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140165
Qing Xu, Yuzhen Yu, Weikang Ding, Hao Jiang
A small-sample, multi-objective optimization strategy is developed for FeCoCrNiAl-Cr₃C₂ composite coatings deposited on 316 L stainless steel by laser-based additive manufacturing. Twenty-nine designed runs quantify the effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate and spot diameter on coating height (H), dilution ratio () and Vickers microhardness (). Quadratic response-surface models reproduce the experimental responses with coefficients of determination of 0.95–0.98, capturing variations of H= 0.69–0.94 mm, = 10.0–21% and HV = 700–790 HV compared with ∼200 HV for 316 L. These surrogates are embedded in a hybrid NSGA-II-MOPSO algorithm to generate Pareto fronts, revealing a narrow operating window where H ≥ 0.90 mm, ≈ 10–15% and ≥ 750 HV can be balanced. TOPSIS ranking identifies a compromise parameter set, for which validation experiments show prediction errors below ∼2% for H, and, and a dense FeCoCrNiAl matrix reinforced by a bimodal population of Cr₃C₂ particles and fragmented carbides, consistent with the high hardness regime. The results demonstrate that RSM-assisted evolutionary optimization can reliably guide process design for high-entropy composite coatings under small-sample conditions.
采用激光增材制造技术，研究了316l不锈钢表面feccrnial - cr₃C₂复合涂层的小样本、多目标优化策略。29个设计试验量化了激光功率、扫描速度、粉末进料速度和光斑直径对涂层高度(H)、稀释比（η）和维氏显微硬度（HV）的影响。二次响应面模型再现了实验响应，决定系数为0.95-0.98，捕获了H= 0.69-0.94 mm, η = 10.0-21%和HV = 700-790 HV （316 l）与~ 200 HV的变化，这些替代值嵌入到混合NSGA-II-MOPSO算法中以生成Pareto前，揭示了一个狭窄的操作窗口，其中H≥0.90 mm， η≈10-15%和HV≥750 HV可以平衡。TOPSIS排名确定了一个折衷的参数集，验证实验表明，H、η和hv的预测误差低于~ 2%，以及由Cr₃C₂颗粒和破碎碳化物双峰居群增强的致密FeCoCrNiAl基体，与高硬度体系一致。结果表明，rsm辅助进化优化可以可靠地指导小样本条件下高熵复合涂层的工艺设计。
{"title":"Balancing height, dilution and hardness in FeCoCrNiAl–Cr₃C₂ composite coatings via small-sample multi-objective optimization.","authors":"Qing Xu, Yuzhen Yu, Weikang Ding, Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A small-sample, multi-objective optimization strategy is developed for FeCoCrNiAl-Cr₃C₂ composite coatings deposited on 316 L stainless steel by laser-based additive manufacturing. Twenty-nine designed runs quantify the effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate and spot diameter on coating height (<em>H</em>), dilution ratio (<span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span>) and Vickers microhardness (<span><math><mi>HV</mi></math></span>). Quadratic response-surface models reproduce the experimental responses with coefficients of determination of 0.95–0.98, capturing variations of <em>H</em>= 0.69–0.94 mm, <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> = 10.0–21% and <em>HV</em> = 700–790 HV<!--> <!-->compared with ∼200 HV for 316 L. These surrogates are embedded in a hybrid NSGA-II-MOPSO algorithm to generate Pareto fronts, revealing a narrow operating window where <em>H</em> ≥ 0.90 mm, <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> ≈ 10–15% and <span><math><mi>HV</mi></math></span> ≥ 750 HV can be balanced. TOPSIS ranking identifies a compromise parameter set, for which validation experiments show prediction errors below ∼2% for <em>H</em>, <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span> and<span><math><mspace></mspace><mi>HV</mi></math></span>, and a dense FeCoCrNiAl matrix reinforced by a bimodal population of Cr₃C₂ particles and fragmented carbides, consistent with the high hardness regime. The results demonstrate that RSM-assisted evolutionary optimization can reliably guide process design for high-entropy composite coatings under small-sample conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140168
Barış Şimşek , Tayfun Uygunoğlu , Uğur Fidan , Ömer Faruk Dilmaç , Özge Bildi Ceran
Despite their superior electrical conductivity properties, researchers face challenges in using silver nanoparticles (AGNPs) alone in cement-based sensor designs because they are unable to form effective conductive pathways under compression. Therefore, a hybridization approach using AGNPs alongside other nanofillers is favored. Carbon nanotube nanoribbons (CNRs) are pivotal contenders for establishing effective conductive pathways for AGNPs. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are the most significant candidates within the field of nanomaterials for this purpose. Utilizing AGNPS and CNR in the development of a cement-based sensor has yielded several outcomes, including a stress sensitivity of −2.24%/MPa, a maximum fractional change in electrical resistivity (FCR) value of 70%, a 90.84% degree of reproducibility, and a linearity error value of 0.34%. The fact that CNR functions as a significant host for metallic nanomaterials will furnish an alternative standpoint in the development of health monitoring applications.
{"title":"The hybridization of silver nanoparticles with graphene nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanotube nanoribbons to enhance the piezoresistive performance of cementitious composites","authors":"Barış Şimşek , Tayfun Uygunoğlu , Uğur Fidan , Ömer Faruk Dilmaç , Özge Bildi Ceran","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their superior electrical conductivity properties, researchers face challenges in using silver nanoparticles (AGNPs) alone in cement-based sensor designs because they are unable to form effective conductive pathways under compression. Therefore, a hybridization approach using AGNPs alongside other nanofillers is favored. Carbon nanotube nanoribbons (CNRs) are pivotal contenders for establishing effective conductive pathways for AGNPs. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are the most significant candidates within the field of nanomaterials for this purpose. Utilizing AGNPS and CNR in the development of a cement-based sensor has yielded several outcomes, including a stress sensitivity of −2.24%/MPa, a maximum fractional change in electrical resistivity (FCR) value of 70%, a 90.84% degree of reproducibility, and a linearity error value of 0.34%. The fact that CNR functions as a significant host for metallic nanomaterials will furnish an alternative standpoint in the development of health monitoring applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140162
Xu Jia, Hao Tian, Qiqi Jia, Lei Wang, Xiaoyan Yuan, Yi Liu
Graphite exhibits exceptional physicochemical properties, making it a promising candidate for microwave absorption. However, achieving effective impedance matching and a broad absorption bandwidth remains challenging. Herein, a FeCl3 graphite intercalation compound (FeCl3-GIC) was first synthesized via a molten salt method and then converted to FeCl2-GIC through heat treatment. The resulting FeCl2-GIC exhibits remarkable microwave absorption characteristics, with a minimum reflection loss of −42.57 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.04 GHz, outperforming its FeCl3-GIC precursor. This enhancement is attributed to the unique two-dimensional interlayer structure, the improved magnetic properties imparted by the FeCl2 intercalant, and the synergistic effects among polarization, conduction, and magnetic loss mechanisms. This work provides a viable strategy for designing high-efficiency microwave absorbers based on graphite intercalation compounds.
{"title":"Enhancing microwave absorption performance of graphite via FeCl3 intercalation and post heat treatment","authors":"Xu Jia, Hao Tian, Qiqi Jia, Lei Wang, Xiaoyan Yuan, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphite exhibits exceptional physicochemical properties, making it a promising candidate for microwave absorption. However, achieving effective impedance matching and a broad absorption bandwidth remains challenging. Herein, a FeCl<sub>3</sub> graphite intercalation compound (FeCl<sub>3</sub>-GIC) was first synthesized via a molten salt method and then converted to FeCl<sub>2</sub>-GIC through heat treatment. The resulting FeCl<sub>2</sub>-GIC exhibits remarkable microwave absorption characteristics, with a minimum reflection loss of −42.57 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.04 GHz, outperforming its FeCl<sub>3</sub>-GIC precursor. This enhancement is attributed to the unique two-dimensional interlayer structure, the improved magnetic properties imparted by the FeCl<sub>2</sub> intercalant, and the synergistic effects among polarization, conduction, and magnetic loss mechanisms. This work provides a viable strategy for designing high-efficiency microwave absorbers based on graphite intercalation compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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