Materials Letters最新文献

英文中文

A new approach to attract students in fluorescence spectroscopy: From synthesis to application for cu-based perovskite experiment 荧光光谱学吸引学生的新途径：从铜基钙钛矿实验的合成到应用

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140134

Yu Wang, Zhiqun Xu, Bo Hou

This work presents an integrated laboratory module for junior college student chemistry education that distinctively combines the synthesis, optical characterization, and device application of lead-free cesium copper halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). Designed as a coherent 4-h session, the module enables students to perform room-temperature colloidal synthesis and investigate the composition-tunable photoluminescence (PL) of the NCs, which spans from blue to orange (451–551 nm) with a representative PLQYs of 56% for Cs₃Cu₂Cl₅. By directly correlating experimental results, including absorption/emission spectra, large Stokes shifts (about 210 nm), and wide FWHM (74–93 nm), the module reinforces fundamental spectroscopic concepts while introducing hotspot such as perovskite crystal structures. The learning cycle is completed by fabricating a white LED, providing a direct link from nanomaterial synthesis to a modern optoelectronic application. This novel approach emphasizing safer, lead-free perovskites, effectively bridges theoretical concepts with contemporary nanomaterials research, significantly enhancing student engagement and conceptual understanding.

本文为大专学生化学教育提供了一个集成的实验模块，该模块独特地结合了无铅铯铜卤化钙钛矿纳米晶体（pnc）的合成、光学表征和器件应用。该模块设计为连贯的4小时课程，使学生能够进行室温胶体合成，并研究NCs的组成可调光致发光（PL），其范围从蓝色到橙色（451 - 551nm）， Cs3Cu2Cl5的代表性plqy为56%。通过直接关联实验结果，包括吸收/发射光谱、大Stokes位移（约210 nm）和宽FWHM (74-93 nm)，该模块加强了基本的光谱概念，同时引入了钙钛矿晶体结构等热点。通过制造白光LED完成学习周期，提供了从纳米材料合成到现代光电应用的直接联系。这种新颖的方法强调更安全、无铅的钙钛矿，有效地将理论概念与当代纳米材料研究联系起来，显著提高了学生的参与度和概念理解。

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引用次数: 0

Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation in a high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi alloy featuring a bimodal harmonic structure 具有双峰谐结构的高熵crmnnfeconi合金近阈值疲劳裂纹扩展

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140145

Shoichi Kikuchi , Shinnosuke Baba , Ryosuke Kubo , Mie Ota Kawabata , Hiroshi Fujiwara , Kei Ameyama

A harmonic structure (HS), which is defined as a coarse-grained morphology surrounded by a network of fine grains, can improve both the strength and ductility of various metals, including high-entropy alloys. The present study investigated the influence of a HS, which was fabricated by spark plasma sintering, on near-threshold fatigue crack propagation in a high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi alloy. Stress intensity factor (K) decreasing tests were conducted with a force ratio of 0.1 at room temperature in air. The threshold stress intensity factor range (ΔK_th) for the HS material was slightly higher than those for its homogeneous counterparts. Microstructures near the crack profiles were analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction to elucidate the mechanism of fatigue crack propagation in the HS material. A fatigue crack was arrested within the coarse-grained region of the HS. Thus, the ΔK_th for CrMnFeCoNi alloys with a HS was governed by the coarse-grained structure and can be quantitatively predicted based on the coarse grain size in the HS. Consequently, the results indicate that a HS enhances both strength and ductility without reducing the ΔK_th for CrMnFeCoNi alloys.

谐波结构（HS）被定义为由细晶粒网络包围的粗晶粒形态，可以提高包括高熵合金在内的各种金属的强度和延展性。研究了放电等离子烧结制备的HS对高熵crmnnfeconi合金近阈值疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。在室温空气条件下，以0.1的力比进行应力强度因子(K)降低试验。HS材料的阈值应力强度因子范围（ΔKth）略高于均质材料。利用电子背散射衍射分析了裂纹附近的显微组织，阐明了HS材料疲劳裂纹扩展的机理。在HS粗晶区域内产生疲劳裂纹。因此，具有HS的CrMnFeCoNi合金的ΔKth受粗晶组织支配，可以根据HS中的粗晶粒尺寸进行定量预测。结果表明，HS在不降低ΔKth的情况下提高了crmnnfeconi合金的强度和塑性。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of hydrogel-conjugated drug-loaded exosome nanomaterials and preliminary in vitro anticancer activity study against hepatocellular carcinoma 水凝胶缀合载药外泌体纳米材料的制备及其体外抗肝癌活性的初步研究

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140129

Jinlong Gao , XinYu Wang , Na Gu , Qian Ma , ZiHan Dai , Tongtong Wen , Chu Fang , Pengda Zhai , Haixia Wu

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a serious threat to human health, underscoring the need for highly efficient local drug delivery systems. Kiwifruit-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (KELNs) were isolated via differential ultracentrifugation, characterized by saucer-shaped vesicles with a diameter of 145 nm, Zeta potential −13.7 ± 0.04 mV, and a glycerophospholipid bilayer. Hydrophobic drug resveratrol (Res) was loaded onto KELNs via co-incubation at 37 °C for 12 h under a 1:5 drug-to-carrier ratio (μg/μg), yielding KELNs-Res. This complex was in situ encapsulated within an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel (Gel) to form the nanocomposite Gel-KELNs-Res. This composite exhibits a rapid sol-gel transition at 36.5 ± 0.3 °C and possesses a porous microstructure. In vitro release experiments demonstrated sustained resveratrol release, with a cumulative release rate of 94.3% within 5 days. Compared to free Res, Gel-KELNs-Res significantly prolonged drug action time. It markedly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while significantly promoting apoptosis. This nanocomposite provides a strategy for sustained intratumoral Res delivery and holds promise as a local regional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

肝细胞癌（HCC）对人类健康构成严重威胁，迫切需要高效的局部给药系统。通过差动超离心分离得到奇异果外泌体样纳米囊泡（KELNs），其特征为直径为145 nm的碟状囊泡，Zeta电位为- 13.7±0.04 mV，具有甘油磷脂双分子层。将疏水性药物白藜芦醇（resveratrol, Res）以1:5的药载比（μg/μg）在37℃共孵育12 h，得到KELNs-Res。该复合物被原位封装在可注射的热敏水凝胶（Gel）中，形成纳米复合材料Gel- kelns - res。该复合材料在36.5±0.3°C时表现出溶胶-凝胶的快速转变，并具有多孔结构。体外释放实验表明，白藜芦醇释放持续，5 d内累积释放率为94.3%。与游离Res相比，Gel-KELNs-Res显著延长药物作用时间。显著抑制HepG2细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭，同时显著促进细胞凋亡。这种纳米复合材料提供了一种持续肿瘤内递送的策略，并有望作为肝细胞癌的局部局部治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced mechanical properties of Mg-Y-Zn-Zr alloy via grain refinement induced by wire arc additive manufacturing 电弧增材制造诱导晶粒细化Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金的力学性能

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140131

Shuqin Luo , Lei Wang , Yanliu Wang

A Mg-Y-Zn-Zr alloy containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Comparative analysis with traditional as-cast alloy revealed that WAAM resulted in significant grain refinement due to higher cooling rates, promoting heterogeneous nucleation and solute effects of Zr. Microstructural characterization confirmed equiaxed grains with LPSO phases at grain boundaries in both conditions, while WAAM samples exhibited finer grains and a more uniform phase distribution. Mechanical testing demonstrated enhanced strength and ductility in WAAM specimens, attributed to grain refinement and homogeneous microstructure. This study highlights WAAM as an efficient method for producing high-performance magnesium alloys with superior mechanical properties.

采用电弧增材制造（WAAM）技术制备了长周期有序堆积相Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金。与传统铸态合金的对比分析表明，WAAM由于冷却速度加快，晶粒细化明显，促进了Zr的非均相形核和溶质效应。显微组织表征证实了两种条件下晶界处均存在LPSO相等轴晶，而WAAM样品的晶粒更细，相分布更均匀。力学测试表明，由于晶粒细化和均匀的微观结构，WAAM样品的强度和延展性得到了提高。本研究强调了WAAM是一种生产具有优异力学性能的高性能镁合金的有效方法。

引用次数: 0

Revealing the enhanced electrochemical capabilities of 2D-Bi2WO6 for energy storage applications 揭示了2D-Bi2WO6在储能应用中的增强电化学能力

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140117

Preety Yadav , Neeraj Dhariwal , Manju Kumari , Taro Ueda , Takeo Hyodo , Meenu Chahar , Poonam Jain , Yogesh Kumar , Anu Rana , Vinod Kumar , O.P. Thakur

In this study, silver nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto Bi₂WO₆ nanosheets through a facile hydrothermal synthesis route, producing Ag-decorated Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposites. The integration of Ag nanoparticles substantially improved the electrochemical behaviour. The optimized Ag/Bi₂WO₆ electrode exhibited an impressive specific capacitance of 1021.52 F/g, which is considerably higher than that of pristine Bi₂WO₆ (245.51 F/g) at 1 A/g in an electrolyte of 1 M KOH, and retained excellent cycling stability over 5000 continuous charge-discharge cycles with a capacitive retention of 87.3% at 10 A/g. The Ag/Bi₂WO₆ electrode exhibits an energy density of 22.7 Wh/kg at a power density of 206.05 W/kg. These outcomes confirm the strong synergistic interaction between Ag and Bi₂WO₆, establishing the composite as a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor technologies.

在本研究中，通过简单的水热合成路线，成功地将银纳米颗粒沉积在Bi2WO6纳米片上，制备了银修饰的Bi2WO6纳米复合材料。银纳米颗粒的集成大大改善了电化学行为。优化后的Ag/Bi2WO6电极在1 M KOH的电解液中，比电容达到1021.52 F/g，大大高于原始Bi2WO6在1 A/g条件下的比电容245.51 F/g，在10 A/g条件下，在5000次连续充放电循环中保持了良好的循环稳定性，电容保持率为87.3%。Ag/Bi2WO6电极的能量密度为22.7 Wh/kg，功率密度为206.05 W/kg。这些结果证实了Ag和Bi2WO6之间的强协同相互作用，确立了该复合材料作为高性能超级电容器技术的有前途的电极材料。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation of hydrophobic cellulose aerogels and their application in emergency treatment of benzene-series contaminated water 疏水纤维素气凝胶的制备及其在苯系污染水应急处理中的应用

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140128

An Fan , Chong Wang , Zeqiang Huang , Sili Chen , Jingsong Wang , Zhengke Zhang

Frequent incidents of regional benzene-series leakage raised new demands for emergency sorbent materials, which needed to combine high adsorption capacity with strong hydrophobicity and selectivity. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as the raw material to prepare cellulose hydrogels via a sol-gel method. Hydrophobic cellulose aerogels were subsequently obtained through surface modification with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) using an immersion process followed by freeze-drying. The structure and properties of the resulting materials were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and hydrophobicity measurements. The optimal preparation conditions were determined experimentally, and the adsorption performance was systematically evaluated. The material achieved complete adsorption of three typical benzene derivatives—p-xylene, toluene, and benzene—within 5 min, with an oil retention rate of up to 99.8%. Temperature tests indicated that the saturated adsorption capacity was scarcely affected by temperature. Turbidity experiments simulating real water environments demonstrated that the aerogel maintained more than 91% of its original saturated adsorption capacity under high-turbidity conditions. These findings suggested that the hydrophobic cellulose aerogel possessed high adsorption efficiency and strong resistance to environmental interference, indicating its great potential for emergency treatment of benzene-series contamination in aquatic environments.

区域性苯系泄漏事件频发，对应急吸附剂材料提出了新的要求，需要将高吸附能力与强疏水性和选择性相结合。本研究以微晶纤维素（MCC）为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纤维素水凝胶。疏水纤维素气凝胶随后通过甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）表面改性，采用浸泡工艺，然后冷冻干燥。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和疏水性测试对所得材料的结构和性能进行了表征。实验确定了最佳制备条件，并对其吸附性能进行了系统评价。该材料对三种典型的苯类衍生物对二甲苯、甲苯和苯在5 min内完全吸附，保油率高达99.8%。温度试验表明，温度对饱和吸附量影响不大。模拟真实水环境的浊度实验表明，在高浊度条件下，气凝胶保持了91%以上的原始饱和吸附量。上述结果表明，疏水纤维素气凝胶具有较高的吸附效率和较强的抗环境干扰能力，在水生环境苯系污染应急处理中具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Sustained and tumor-selective drug release from collagen nanocarriers for improved anticancer activity 从胶原纳米载体持续和肿瘤选择性释放药物以提高抗癌活性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140126

Senthil Rethinam

Collagen nanoparticles (CNs) were developed using a desolvation method and were loaded with an anticancer drug (doxorubicin) for targeted oral cancer therapy. The CNs exhibited a uniform spherical morphology with particle sizes ranging from 98 to 180 nm, as confirmed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). The drug loading efficiency (DL) reached 12–13%, with an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 78–80%, demonstrating strong drug retention within the collagen matrix. In vitro release studies demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, with cumulative release of 93% at pH 5.5 and 65% at pH 7.4 over 120 h, indicating enhanced drug liberation under tumor-like acidic conditions. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays demonstrated a time-dependent reduction in oral cancer cell viability following treatment with drug-loaded collagen nanoparticles, with viability decreasing to 79% at 48 h and further to 53% at 72 h, indicating enhanced and sustained cytotoxicity compared to the free drug. Live/dead fluorescence imaging further confirmed the increased red fluorescence in the treated groups, indicating higher cell death. Overall, the results demonstrated that CNs provide efficient drug loading, sustained pH-sensitive release, and enhanced anticancer activity against oral cancer cells.

采用脱溶法制备胶原纳米颗粒（CNs），并负载抗癌药物（阿霉素）用于口腔癌靶向治疗。高分辨率扫描电镜（HRSEM）证实，CNs具有均匀的球形形貌，粒径范围为98 ~ 180 nm。载药效率（DL）达12-13%，包封效率（EE）达78-80%，在胶原基质内具有较强的药物保留率。体外释放研究显示出pH响应行为，在pH 5.5和pH 7.4下120 h的累积释放量分别为93%和65%，表明在肿瘤样酸性条件下药物释放增强。MTT（3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-酰基）-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑）试验表明，用载药胶原纳米颗粒治疗口腔癌后，口腔癌细胞活力呈时间依赖性降低，48小时后活力降至79%，72小时后进一步降至53%，表明与游离药物相比，细胞毒性增强且持续。活/死荧光成像进一步证实了处理组中红色荧光的增加，表明细胞死亡率更高。总的来说，结果表明中枢神经网络提供有效的药物负载，持续的ph敏感释放，并增强对口腔癌细胞的抗癌活性。

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引用次数: 0

Current-induced polarity reversal of intermetallic compound growth in hybrid solder joints 杂化焊点中金属间化合物生长的电流诱导极性反转

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140108

Jiaqiang Huang , Xudong Wang , Zhiliang Pan , Dawei Xiao , Hanfei Xiao , Caihang Liang , Hongbo Qin

The interfacial reaction in ball grid array (BGA) solder joints is influenced by the choice of soldering material. In Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Cu joints, interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) grow more rapidly on the anode side—a behavior referred to as the polarity effect. In contrast, Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu joints exhibit faster IMC growth on the cathode side, demonstrating a reverse polarity effect. In this study, we discovered a shift from polarity effect at low current density to inverse polarity effect at high current density within a BGA-structured Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu hybrid joint. This transition is attributed to the competition between the electron wind force-induced flux (J_em) and the chemical potential gradient-driven flux (J_chem).

球栅阵列（BGA）焊点的界面反应受焊接材料选择的影响。在Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Cu接头中，界面金属间化合物（IMCs）在阳极侧生长得更快，这种行为被称为极性效应。相反，Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu接头在阴极侧表现出更快的IMC生长，表现出相反的极性效应。在本研究中，我们发现在bga结构的Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu杂化接头中，从低电流密度时的极性效应向高电流密度时的反极性效应转变。这种转变归因于电子风力诱导通量（Jem）和化学势梯度驱动通量（Jchem）之间的竞争。

引用次数: 0

Development of bioactive bone cement for necrotic femoral head decompression 生物活性骨水泥用于坏死性股骨头减压的研究进展

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140123

Xuetong Wang, Jinwen Wang, Huan Zhou, Lei Yang

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe orthopedic disorder characterized by bone formation and angiogenesis interruption. Core decompression (CD) surgery is a widely used femoral head-preserving option; however, its outcome is often limited by insufficient subchondral support and inadequate bone regeneration. To address these challenges, we developed an injectable bioactive cement to enhance CD outcomes, aiming to meet both mechanical and biological requirements in situ. The composite material comprises calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate cements, modified starch, and bioactive glass (BG). On one hand, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate cements provide a gradually resorbable matrix that fills the bone defect. On the other hand, the presence of modified starch and BG can significantly improve injectability, compressive strength, mineralization capacity and osteogenic potential of the cement. Furthermore, in a rat ONFH model, cement injection led to significant upregulation of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and Osterix. These findings highlight the promising potential of this injectable composite cement as an effective adjunct to CD surgery in ONFH treatment.

股骨头坏死（ONFH）是一种严重的骨科疾病，其特征是骨形成和血管生成中断。核心减压（CD）手术是广泛使用的保留股骨头的选择；然而，其结果往往受到软骨下支持不足和骨再生不足的限制。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发了一种可注射的生物活性水泥来提高CD的疗效，旨在同时满足原位力学和生物学的要求。该复合材料包括硫酸钙和磷酸钙水泥、变性淀粉和生物活性玻璃（BG）。一方面，硫酸钙和磷酸钙水泥提供逐渐可吸收的基质来填充骨缺损。另一方面，改性淀粉和BG的存在可以显著提高水泥的可注射性、抗压强度、矿化能力和成骨潜能。此外，在大鼠ONFH模型中，水泥注射导致成骨标志物RUNX2和Osterix显著上调。这些发现突出了这种可注射复合骨水泥作为一种有效辅助CD手术治疗ONFH的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing surface piezoelectric potential for enhanced photoelectric conversion in BNT-based ceramics 利用表面压电电位增强bnt基陶瓷的光电转换

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140121

Mingqiang Zhong , Xiao Liu , Baohua Zhu , Liufang Meng , Changlai Yuan , Rusen Yang

This study introduces a novel strategy for enhancing the photoelectric effect in Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based ceramics through the creation of a surface piezoelectric potential. The (1-x) Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–xSrTiO₃ (BNT-ST; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) solid solutions were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction route, all exhibiting a pure perovskite structure. A tailored surface treatment involving mechanical polishing and stress polarization was developed to activate a persistent surface piezoelectric field. Under standard AM1.5 illumination, the optimized 0.80BNT-0.20ST ceramic achieved a remarkable short-circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) of ∼48.75 μA/cm² and an open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of ∼10.74 V. The enhanced performance is attributed to a synergistic mechanism where bandgap reduction promotes visible-light carrier generation, and the surface piezoelectric field efficiently separates and transports the photogenerated carriers. This work establishes a new approach for developing high-performance photovoltaic devices by harnessing the surface piezoelectric effect

本研究介绍了一种通过产生表面压电电位来增强bi0.5 na0.5 tio3基陶瓷光电效应的新策略。采用常规固相反应方法合成了（1-x） Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xSrTiO3 （BNT-ST; x = 0,0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20）固溶体，均为纯钙钛矿结构。开发了一种包括机械抛光和应力极化的定制表面处理，以激活持久的表面压电场。在标准AM1.5照明下，优化后的0.80BNT-0.20ST陶瓷实现了显著的短路光电流密度（Jsc）为~ 48.75 μA/cm2，开路电压（Voc）为~ 10.74 V。这种增强的性能归因于一种协同机制，其中带隙减小促进了可见光载流子的产生，而表面压电场有效地分离和传输了光产生的载流子。本研究为利用表面压电效应开发高性能光伏器件开辟了一条新途径

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引用次数: 0

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