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Photoenhanced supercapacitance in fractal silicon nanowire-based arrays 分形硅纳米线阵列中的光增强超级电容

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140164

Maurilio Galletta , Francesco Nastasi , Francesco Priolo , Antonio A. Leonardi , Alessia Irrera

Sustainable energy technologies necessitate efficient and reliable energy-storage systems complementing renewable energy generation. Supercapacitors offer superior power density and cycling stability, making them indispensable for high-power applications. Silicon, the cornerstone of microelectronics, is an earth-abundant material whose nanostructured forms, particularly silicon nanowires (SiNWs), exhibit promising electrochemical and optoelectronic properties. Here we report the fabrication and characterization of fractal and quantum confined SiNW-based supercapacitors exhibiting a fourfold enhancement in specific capacitance under simulated solar illumination. Electrochemical measurements reveal typical non-faradic behavior, with specific capacitance increasing from ≈300 μF/cm² in the dark to ≈1.2 mF/cm² under illumination. The results highlight the potential of SiNWs as photocapacitors for next-generation electrochemical energy-storage devices.

可持续能源技术需要高效可靠的储能系统来补充可再生能源发电。超级电容器提供卓越的功率密度和循环稳定性，使其成为高功率应用中不可或缺的。硅是微电子学的基石，是一种丰富的材料，其纳米结构形式，特别是硅纳米线（SiNWs），具有良好的电化学和光电子性能。在这里，我们报告了分形和量子限制的基于sinw的超级电容器的制造和表征，在模拟太阳光照下，其比电容增强了四倍。电化学测量显示出典型的非法拉进行为，比电容从黑暗中的≈300 μF/cm2增加到光照下的≈1.2 mF/cm2。结果突出了SiNWs作为下一代电化学储能装置的光电容器的潜力。

引用次数: 0

A silver-loaded urea-modified bamboo-based activated carbon as an effective material for formaldehyde removal and antibacterial applications in interior decoration 一种载银脲基改性竹基活性炭在室内装饰中去除甲醛和抗菌的有效材料

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140166

Yang Fan , Yu Liyan , Guoguo Liu

A bamboo-based activated carbon (BAC) was modified with urea and silver-loaded via glucose reduction to develop a multifunctional material for formaldehyde removal and antibacterial protection in indoor environments. Urea modification introduced nitrogen groups, while silver enhanced both the pore structure and surface chemistry of BAC. The optimal sample, BAC-7Ag-5U, showed 89.5% formaldehyde removal in static tests, significantly improving from 52.5% in unmodified BAC. In dynamic tests, it demonstrated an effective service time of 133.6 h, approximately 26.6 times longer than the original BAC. Antibacterial tests revealed a 6.3 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting BAC-7Ag-5U as a promising material for sustainable air purification and antibacterial applications in interior decoration.

采用葡萄糖还原法对竹基活性炭（BAC）进行尿素和载银改性，制备了一种用于室内环境中除甲醛和抗菌的多功能材料。尿素改性引入了氮基团，而银改性增强了BAC的孔隙结构和表面化学性质。最佳样品BAC- 7ag - 5u在静态测试中甲醛去除率为89.5%，显著高于未改性BAC的52.5%。在动态测试中，其有效使用时间为133.6 h，约为原BAC的26.6倍。抗菌实验表明，BAC-7Ag-5U对金黄色葡萄球菌有6.3 mm的抑制带，这表明BAC-7Ag-5U是一种具有可持续空气净化和室内装饰抗菌应用前景的材料。

引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of ionic transport and interfacial stability in PVA-MgCl2 electrolytes via BaTiO3 nanofiller integration for magnesium-ion batteries 镁离子电池用BaTiO3纳米填料对PVA-MgCl2电解质离子传输和界面稳定性的协同增强

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140167

Rania Gamal , Abdel-Menem Elnemr , Mostafa.A. Moselhy , Reda Khalil , Eslam Sheha

PVA/MgCl₂ electrolytes with 5 wt% BTO show enhanced structural and electrochemical properties. FTIR and UV–Vis confirm BTO incorporation, bandgap reduction, and stronger polymer–ceramic interactions. SEM and XRD reveal porous morphologies, lower polymer crystallinity, and preserved BTO structure. EIS indicates increased ionic conductivity (10⁻⁴ → 6 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹) and reduced activation energy (0.23 → 0.15 eV). LSV, impedance, and DC polarization analyses show improved oxidative stability, lower interfacial resistance, and higher Mg²⁺ mobility. Symmetric Mg|PE|Mg cycling demonstrates more uniform Mg deposition/stripping, highlighting the potential of 5 wt% BTO-doped electrolytes for magnesium batteries.

添加5 wt% BTO的PVA/MgCl2电解质具有增强的结构和电化学性能。FTIR和UV-Vis证实了BTO的掺入，带隙减小和更强的聚合物陶瓷相互作用。SEM和XRD显示多孔形态，较低的聚合物结晶度和保留的BTO结构。EIS表明离子电导率增加（10−4→6 × 10−3 S cm−1），活化能降低（0.23→0.15 eV）。LSV，阻抗和直流极化分析表明，氧化稳定性提高，界面电阻降低，Mg2+迁移率提高。对称Mg|PE|Mg循环显示更均匀的Mg沉积/剥离，突出了5wt % bto掺杂电解质用于镁电池的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Bioengineered cucumber pulp piezoelectric membranes: Bilayer-architected self-powered sensors for multimodal monitoring and eco-energy harvesting 生物工程黄瓜浆压电膜：用于多模态监测和生态能源收集的双层结构自供电传感器

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140156

Lina Zhang , Ping Huang , Pei Luo , Jue Wang , Xiying Wang , Shunjian Xu

To address the environmental issues of non-biodegradable fossil fuels, we present a flexible bio-piezoelectric membrane directly fabricated from natural cucumber pulp without complex chemical modification. Chosen for its abundant supply, easy processing into uniform films, and intrinsic cellulose microfibril alignment that promotes dipole ordering, cucumber pulp stands out among biomass materials. Utilizing the non-centrosymmetric cellulose I_β structure and aligned hydroxyl dipoles, the bilayer membrane delivers a high sensitivity of 38 mV·N⁻¹ with strong linearity (R² = 0.964). Flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable, the device effectively senses human motion, monitors vibrations, harvests wind energy, and operates in a real-time alarm microsystem for safety alerts. This work offers a practical route to convert abundant natural biomass into high-performance piezoelectric devices, advancing green energy conversion and circular economy goals.

为了解决不可生物降解化石燃料的环境问题，我们提出了一种柔性生物压电膜，直接由天然黄瓜浆制备，无需复杂的化学改性。选择黄瓜浆是因为其丰富的供应，容易加工成均匀的薄膜，以及内在的纤维素微纤维排列促进偶极有序，黄瓜浆在生物质材料中脱颖而出。利用非中心对称的纤维素Iβ结构和排列的羟基偶极子，双层膜具有38 mV·N−1的高灵敏度，线性关系强（R2 = 0.964）。该装置灵活、具有生物相容性和可生物降解性，能有效地感知人体运动、监测振动、收集风能，并在一个实时报警微系统中运行，以发出安全警报。这项工作为将丰富的天然生物质转化为高性能压电器件提供了一条实用的途径，促进了绿色能源转换和循环经济目标的实现。

引用次数: 0

A new high-strength as-cast Mg-4Sm-3Gd-0.9Al alloy 一种新型高强度铸态mg - 4sm - 3gd -0.9铝合金

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140157

Junyong Wang , Xinrui Fu , Qing Zhang , Ping Li

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-4Sm-3Gd-0.9Al alloy were systematically investigated. Notably, the alloy exhibits a fine grain size of 19 μm and excellent mechanical properties: UTS = 243 MPa, YS = 174 MPa, and EL = 9.8%. The dominant second phases are blocky Al₂RE and short rod-like Al₁₁RE₃. The Al₂RE phases act as heterogeneous nucleation sites to promote nucleation and effectively refine grains. The enhanced mechanical properties are primarily attributed to grain refinement strengthening and second-phase strengthening.

系统地研究了铸态mg - 4sm - 3gd -0.9铝合金的显微组织和力学性能。该合金具有19 μm的细晶粒尺寸和优异的力学性能：UTS = 243 MPa, YS = 174 MPa, EL = 9.8%。第二相主要为块状Al2RE和短棒状Al11RE3。Al2RE相作为非均相形核位点，促进晶核形成，有效细化晶粒。力学性能的增强主要是由于晶粒细化强化和第二相强化。

引用次数: 0

Cooling curve thermal analysis, microstructure, and solidification characteristics of Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-(0,2)Zn-0.5Zr alloys mg - 5y - 2gd -2 -(0,2)Zn-0.5Zr合金的冷却曲线、热分析、显微组织及凝固特性

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140155

Jiada Xu, Yuanke Fu, Changliang Wang, Yicheng Feng, Hang Su

In this paper, a comparative study was conducted on the solidification behavior and microstructure of Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy before and after adding Zn. The results showed that adding Zn significantly reduced eutectic temperature and solidus temperature. The addition of Zn shortened the time of quasi-solid stage effectively, which reduced hot tearing tendency. HTS reduced from 0.41 to 0.22. Compared with Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr alloy, Zn had an efficient grain refinement effect, reducing the grain size by 22.0%.

本文对Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr合金在添加Zn前后的凝固行为和显微组织进行了对比研究。结果表明，添加Zn可显著降低共晶温度和固相温度。锌的加入有效地缩短了准固阶段的时间，降低了热撕裂倾向。HTS从0.41降低到0.22。与Mg-5Y-2Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr合金相比，Zn具有有效的晶粒细化效果，晶粒尺寸减小22.0%。

引用次数: 0

Electrolyte-dependent ion transport dynamics in MnMoO4 electrodes for supercapacitor applications 用于超级电容器的MnMoO4电极中电解质依赖的离子传输动力学

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140111

Kaaviyapriya S.S., Abinash Kumararaj, Geetha Arunachalam

This study examines MnMoO₄ synthesized using the co-precipitation method, characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV-VIS, and nickel foam substrate post-SEM examination. At 1 A /g, 2 M KOH and the Redox-Additive Electrolyte (RAE) (2 M KOH + 0.05 M K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) exhibit specific capacitances of 225 F/g and 405 F/g, respectively. Redox activity and faster ion diffusion improve RAE performance, with the electrode retaining 88.6% capacitance even after 5000 cycles.

本研究对共沉淀法合成的MnMoO4进行了表征，通过XRD、SEM、FTIR、UV-VIS等手段对其进行了表征，并对泡沫镍衬底进行了SEM后检测。在1 A /g时，2 M KOH和氧化还原-添加剂电解质（RAE）（2 M KOH + 0.05 M K₃[Fe（CN）₆]）的比容量分别为225 F/g和405 F/g。氧化还原活性和更快的离子扩散提高了RAE性能，即使在5000次循环后电极仍保持88.6%的电容。

引用次数: 0

Development of ultra-sensitive Photoelectrochemical biosensor based on PhC2Cu-modified BiVO4/Bi2S3 heterojunction for Aβ40 detection 基于phc2cu修饰BiVO4/Bi2S3异质结的Aβ40检测超灵敏光电化学生物传感器的研制

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140153

Xiaofeng Ba, Bo Pei, Yuyu Bu

The extremely low concentration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker Aβ40 in human peripheral blood poses significant challenges for detection technologies. This study developed a PhC₂Cu-modified BiVO₄/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction photoelectrochemical(PEC) biosensor based on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry (PEC) principles. Through multi-level structural optimization, the sensor achieves ultra-sensitive detection of Aβ40 with a linear detection range of 1 × 10⁻¹³ mol/L to 1 × 10⁻⁸ mol/L. The PhC₂Cu modification demonstrates remarkable specificity, achieving a detection limit(LOD)as low as 3.19 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol/L. The BiVO₄/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction effectively regulates carrier separation efficiency and significantly improves the transport of photogenerated holes to the sensor surface. The catalytic active center of PhC₂Cu accelerates Aβ40 oxidation, while its strong adsorption affinity for aptamer-specific probes enhances interfacial electron transfer efficiency, thereby improving photocurrent signal response and detection specificity. This PEC biosensor exhibits ultra-sensitivity, high specificity, and cost-effectiveness, providing a novel technical approach for rapid early detection of AD biomarkers and advancing diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for neurodegenerative diseases.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）生物标志物Aβ40在人外周血中的极低浓度对检测技术提出了重大挑战。基于半导体光电化学原理，研制了phc2cu修饰的BiVO4/Bi2S3异质结光电化学（PEC）生物传感器。该传感器通过多级结构优化，实现了a β40的超灵敏检测，线性检测范围为1 × 10−13 mol/L ~ 1 × 10−8 mol/L。PhC2Cu修饰具有显著的特异性，检测限（LOD）低至3.19 × 10−14 mol/L。BiVO4/Bi2S3异质结有效调节载流子分离效率，显著提高光生空穴向传感器表面的输运。PhC2Cu的催化活性中心加速了Aβ40的氧化，同时其对适配体特异性探针的强吸附亲和力提高了界面电子传递效率，从而提高了光电流信号响应和检测特异性。该PEC生物传感器具有超灵敏度、高特异性和成本效益，为快速早期检测AD生物标志物提供了一种新的技术途径，并推动了神经退行性疾病的诊断和治疗技术。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent gradient structures in AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by torsion deformation 扭转变形AZ31B镁合金中温度相关的梯度结构

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140152

Weiqin Tang , Zizheng Cao , Dayong Li , Yinghong Peng

The strength-ductility dilemma in metals can be addressed via gradient microstructures. In this study, tunable gradient structures were successfully fabricated in AZ31B magnesium alloy by exploiting the intrinsic strain gradient introduced by torsion across temperatures from room temperature to 300 °C. Processing of 20 mm-diameter rods was accomplished using a custom torsion system, giving rise to three unique regimes: a RT twin-density gradient, an intermediate 200 °C hybrid structure governed by twin-induced dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and a high-temperature 300 °C DRX-dominated grain size gradient. Detailed EBSD analysis uncovered the temperature-activated competition between twinning and recrystallization. This work establishes torsion processing as a powerful method for architecting gradients, paving the way for property enhancement in magnesium alloys.

金属的强度-延性难题可以通过梯度微结构来解决。在本研究中，利用AZ31B镁合金在室温至300℃范围内由扭转引起的本征应变梯度，成功制备了可调梯度结构。20mm直径棒的加工使用定制扭转系统完成，产生三种独特的状态：RT双密度梯度，由双诱导动态再结晶（DRX）控制的中间200°C杂化结构，以及高温300°C DRX主导的晶粒尺寸梯度。详细的EBSD分析揭示了温度激活的孪晶和再结晶之间的竞争。这项工作建立了扭转处理作为构建梯度的强大方法，为镁合金的性能增强铺平了道路。

引用次数: 0

Tailoring ZnO nanowire morphology by substrate-position-controlled VLS growth for label-free protein sensing 通过底物位置控制的VLS生长来剪裁ZnO纳米线的形态，用于无标记蛋白质传感

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140137

Amauri Serrano-Lázaro , Karina Portillo-Cortez , Citlali Sánchez Aké , Rosalba Castañeda-Guzmán , Ma. Beatriz de la Mora Mojica , Juan C. Durán-Álvarez

ZnO nanostructures are emerging as powerful platforms for optical biosensing; however, direct control over the relationship between morphology and sensing performance remains challenging. In this study, ZnO architectures were engineered via vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth using substrate-position control, leading to the formation of nanowires with branched tree-like morphologies and different optical signatures. Intense defect-related photoluminescence (PL) was systematically quenched upon adsorption of thiolated bovine serum albumin (BSA-thiol). After UV activation, submicromolar detection (0.6 μM) was achieved, placing this platform among the most sensitive label-free optical biosensors reported to date. A direct correlation between growth parameters, morphology, and biosensing efficiency was established, providing a strategy for tailoring ZnO surfaces for protein detection.

ZnO纳米结构正在成为光学生物传感的强大平台；然而，直接控制形貌和传感性能之间的关系仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，利用底物位置控制，通过气-液-固（VLS）生长来设计ZnO结构，从而形成具有分支树状形态和不同光学特征的纳米线。利用巯基化牛血清白蛋白（bsa -硫醇）吸附，系统地猝灭了强缺陷相关光致发光（PL）。在UV激活后，实现了亚微摩尔检测（0.6 μM），使该平台成为迄今为止报道的最灵敏的无标签光学生物传感器之一。建立了生长参数、形态和生物传感效率之间的直接关系，为定制用于蛋白质检测的ZnO表面提供了策略。

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