Materials Letters最新文献

英文中文

A method for characterizing the degradation of perovskite films under mechanical coupling using grayscale tracking and digital image correlation techniques 利用灰度跟踪和数字图像相关技术表征机械耦合作用下钙钛矿薄膜降解的方法

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140154

Chunhua Ren, Mengting Jiao, Hongwei Ji, Huaiwen Wang, Yutong Yan, Bing Liu

In the characterization of perovskite failure, conventional techniques face considerable challenges in achieving multiphysics coupling, in situ, non-destructive, rapid assessment, and spatial resolution. This study proposes an experimental method based on grayscale evolution and digital image correlation (DIC). Using large-grained MAPbI₃ thin films as the research object, this method enables pixel-level tracking of degradation evolution under illumination, voltage, and deformation conditions using optical microscopy. Experimental results demonstrate a strong correlation among grayscale evolution, crystal phase changes, and optoelectronic performance. Tensile strain accelerates degradation and leads to an earlier onset; in this study (

ε_{Mises} = 0.00895

), the maximum degradation rate is approximately 1.5 times that of the strain-free condition. In addition, grain boundaries exhibit a certain hindering effect on strain transmission. Overall, this method provides an effective tool for investigating degradation under coupled multiphysics fields and for the rapid stability evaluation of perovskite materials.

在钙钛矿破坏的表征中，传统技术在实现多物理场耦合、原位、非破坏性、快速评估和空间分辨率方面面临相当大的挑战。提出了一种基于灰度演化和数字图像相关（DIC）的实验方法。该方法以大粒度MAPbI₃薄膜为研究对象，利用光学显微镜对光照、电压和变形条件下的降解演变进行像素级跟踪。实验结果表明，灰度演化、晶体相变与光电性能之间存在很强的相关性。拉伸应变加速退化，导致早期发病；在本研究中（εMises=0.00895），最大降解速率约为无菌株条件下的1.5倍。此外，晶界对应变传播有一定的阻碍作用。总的来说，该方法为研究耦合多物理场下的降解和钙钛矿材料的快速稳定性评估提供了有效的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of volumetric energy density on melt pool dynamics and defects formation in laser powder bed fused of K418 superalloy 体积能量密度对K418高温合金激光粉末床熔池动力学及缺陷形成的影响

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140092

Yang Wang , Xing He , Zhaoxia Lu , Jinbin Pu

Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) of the γ'-strengthened K418 superalloy is challenged by a narrow processing window and pronounced crack susceptibility associated with its high γ' fraction and wide solidification range. Here, a three- dimensional transient CFD model (Flow-3D, VOF-based) is established and experimentally validated to quantify VED-dependent melt-pool evolution in K418, incorporating melting/solidification, Marangoni convection, evaporation-induced recoil pressure, surface tension, and multiple laser reflections. Over a representative VED window (61.5–84.6 J/mm³), increasing VED enlarges melt-pool dimensions and strengthens internal convection. An intermediate VED regime (69.2–76.9 J/mm³) yields a stable toroidal vortex and a more homogeneous thermal–flow field, consistent with improved metallurgical bonding and reduced defect propensity. In contrast, excessive VED induces multiple vortices and keyhole instability, thereby increasing the susceptibility to pore formation and cracking. This work provides a K418-specific VED-vortex-stability map directly linked to experimentally observed defect transitions, offering a mechanistic basis for selecting a high-density, low-defect processing window.

γ′强化K418高温合金的高γ′分数和宽凝固范围使其加工窗口窄，裂纹敏感性明显，这给激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）带来了挑战。本文建立了一个三维瞬态CFD模型（Flow-3D，基于vof），并通过实验验证了该模型的有效性，该模型包含了熔化/凝固、Marangoni对流、蒸发诱导的反冲压力、表面张力和多次激光反射，可以量化K418中与ped相关的熔池演变。在一个具有代表性的VED窗口（61.5-84.6 J/mm3）上，增加VED扩大了熔池尺寸并加强了内部对流。中间的热流场（69.2-76.9 J/mm3）产生稳定的环形涡和更均匀的热流场，与改善的冶金结合和减少的缺陷倾向相一致。相反，过多的VED会引起多个涡和锁孔不稳定，从而增加孔隙形成和开裂的敏感性。这项工作提供了一个与实验观察到的缺陷转变直接相关的k418特异性ed -涡稳定性图，为选择高密度、低缺陷的处理窗口提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the nitrate ion on the morphology and corrosion resistance of electrodeposited black chromium 硝酸根离子对电沉积黑铬形貌及耐蚀性的影响

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140203

Viktoriia Shtefan , Anastasiia Shcholokova

This study aims to determine the effect of addition Al(NO₃)₃ to the black chromium electrolyte on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the resulting coatings for stainless steel AISI304. The dimensions of the cracks and crystals forming the coating were analysed. The electrochemical properties of the coatings were studied using linear voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The addition of 0.05 mol/L Al(NO₃)₃ to the electrolyte was found to produce coatings with much smaller cracks, which improves their corrosion resistance. The resulting coatings were shown to have a strong protective effect.

本研究旨在确定在黑铬电解液中添加Al(NO3)3对AISI304不锈钢镀层形貌和电化学性能的影响。分析了涂层中裂纹和结晶的尺寸。采用线性伏安法和阻抗谱法研究了涂层的电化学性能。在电解液中加入0.05 mol/L的Al(NO3)3后，镀层裂纹明显减小，耐蚀性明显提高。结果表明，所得涂层具有很强的保护作用。

引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic hydrogen production over SrLi2Ti6O14 material SrLi2Ti6O14材料的光催化制氢

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140210

Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez , Leticia M. Torres-Martínez

Hydrogen production through water splitting was achieved on the surface of SrLi₂Ti₆O₁₄ material synthesized via a sol-gel route, a material that has been poorly explored in photocatalytic applications. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline phase, while optical analysis revealed a bandgap of 3.8 eV, suitable for photocatalytic reaction under UV irradiation. The electrochemical characterization indicated an n-type semiconductor behavior with band positions that enable water splitting. In addition, the incorporation of methanol as sacrificial agent in the photocatalytic hydrogen production reactions enhanced the hydrogen production, confirming the photoactivity of SrLi₂Ti₆O₁₄. These results demonstrate that this scarcely studied titanate exhibits intrinsic photocatalytic activity and may serve as a basis for further photocatalytic studies.

在溶胶-凝胶法合成的SrLi2Ti6O14材料表面实现了水裂解制氢。SrLi2Ti6O14材料在光催化方面的应用研究较少。结构表征证实了高结晶相的形成，光学分析显示其带隙为3.8 eV，适合在UV照射下进行光催化反应。电化学表征表明具有n型半导体行为，其能带位置使水分裂。此外，在光催化产氢反应中加入甲醇作为牺牲剂，提高了产氢量，证实了SrLi2Ti6O14的光活性。这些结果表明，这种很少被研究的钛酸盐具有内在的光催化活性，可以为进一步的光催化研究奠定基础。

引用次数: 0

Influence of sensitization duration on the physical properties of chemically synthesized CdTe thin films for solar cell applications 敏化时间对太阳能电池用化学合成碲化镉薄膜物理性能的影响

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140234

Abhijeet Shinde , Supriya Salunke , Rajendra Patil , Rahul G. Deshmukh , Yogesh G. Joshi

CdTe nanocrystals were synthesized using a single-step chemical bath deposition process and provided as sensitizers on mesoporous SnO₂ photoanodes for semiconductor-sensitized solar cells. The influence of sensitization duration (1−3h) on the structural, optical, morphological and photovoltaic properties was examined. The analysis of X-ray diffraction provided the formation of polycrystalline cubic CdTe, and crystallite size ranging between 4 and 7 nm with an increase in sensitization time. UV–visible spectroscopy shown a red shift in absorption and a corresponding decrease in optical band gap from 1.60 to 1.46 eV. Morphological analyses presented enhanced CdTe surface coverage with increasing sensitization time. Photovoltaic measurements displayed that cell fabricated with a 2 h sensitization duration demonstrated optimal performance, achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.253 ± 0.028% under AM 1.5G illumination. The results highlight sensitization duration as a vital factor for optimizing CdTe-sensitized SnO₂ solar cells.

采用单步化学浴沉积法合成了CdTe纳米晶体，并将其作为半导体敏化太阳能电池中介孔sno2光阳极的敏化剂。考察了敏化时间（1 ~ 3h）对结构、光学、形态和光电性能的影响。x射线衍射分析表明，随着敏化时间的增加，形成了多晶立方CdTe，晶粒尺寸在4 ~ 7 nm之间。紫外可见光谱显示了吸收红移，光学带隙从1.60 eV减小到1.46 eV。形态学分析表明，随着敏化时间的增加，CdTe表面覆盖率增加。光电测试表明，敏化时间为2 h的电池表现出最佳性能，在AM 1.5G照明下，电池的最大功率转换效率为0.253±0.028%。结果表明，敏化时间是优化cdte敏化sno2太阳能电池的重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Micromodification of nickel-based coatings electrodeposited from a deep eutectic solvent with lanthanum as a way to improve electrocatalytic performance and corrosion resistance” [Mater. Lett. 370 (2024) 136892] “用镧在深度共晶溶剂中电沉积镍基涂层的微改性，以提高电催化性能和耐腐蚀性”的勘误[Mater]。Lett. 370 (2024) 136892]

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140232

V.S. Protsenko , O.D. Sukhatskyi , T.E. Butyrina , L.A. Frolova , S.A. Korniy

引用次数: 0

Nanofiber incorporated composite aerogels with vertically aligned channels for enhanced solar-driven interfacial evaporation performance 纳米纤维将复合气凝胶与垂直排列的通道结合起来，增强了太阳能驱动的界面蒸发性能

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140179

Kai Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Xin Liu, Yang Yuan

Hydrophilic nanofiber-incorporated composite aerogels with vertically aligned channels were created as evaporators to enhance the efficiency of solar desalination. The incorporation of nanofiber enhanced the proportion of intermediate water and lowered the water evaporation enthalpy in the composite aerogel. When exposed to one sun illumination, the composite aerogels displayed an outstanding evaporation rate of 2.36 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and excellent conversion efficiency of 98.53%. Besides, the composite aerogel enabled effective treatment of organic wastewater containing dyes. This work demonstrates a new strategy for design of composites to achieve highly efficient solar-powered desalination and superior salt rejection capability.

制备了具有垂直排列通道的亲水性纳米纤维复合气凝胶作为蒸发器，以提高太阳能海水淡化的效率。纳米纤维的掺入提高了中间水的比例，降低了复合气凝胶中水的蒸发焓。在单一光照条件下，复合气凝胶的蒸发速率为2.36 kg m−2 h−1，转化效率为98.53%。此外，复合气凝胶还能有效地处理含染料的有机废水。这项工作展示了一种设计复合材料的新策略，以实现高效的太阳能脱盐和优越的除盐能力。

引用次数: 0

Enhanced fatigue life of IN713C turbine blades via centrifugal casting: A comparative study with investment casting 离心铸造提高IN713C涡轮叶片疲劳寿命与熔模铸造的比较研究

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140173

Yanyun Sun , Huarui Zhang , Fuwei Wang , Ying Cheng , Shoubin Zhang , Rui Zhang , Hu Zhang

Turbine blades are critical hot-end engine components whose service performance relies heavily on the precision forming of their thin-walled structures. Conventional investment casting, however, often introduces defects such as shrinkage porosity and cavities, limiting mechanical properties and reliability. This study introduces a hybrid centrifugal-investment casting process. With a centrifugal force field applied at a pouring temperature of 1450 °C and mold temperature of 800 °C, successful complete filling of an ultra-thin (0.4 mm) blade was achieved. Results show that centrifugal casting markedly refines the microstructure: the blade root grain size decreased from4.1 ± 0.8 mm (gravity casting) to 0.57 ± 0.1 mm, and porosity dropped by ∼50%. The high-temperature fatigue performance improved significantly, with a 19.2% higher fatigue limit at 650 °C and nearly tenfold longer fatigue life under the same cyclic stress. This hybrid approach offers a scalable pathway toward next-generation high-performance turbine components.

涡轮叶片是热端发动机的关键部件，其使用性能在很大程度上依赖于其薄壁结构的精密成形。然而，传统的熔模铸造通常会引入诸如缩孔和空洞等缺陷，从而限制了机械性能和可靠性。介绍了一种离心-熔模混合铸造工艺。在浇注温度为1450°C、模具温度为800°C的条件下施加离心力，成功实现了超薄（0.4 mm）叶片的完全填充。结果表明：离心铸造显著细化了叶片的组织，叶片根部晶粒尺寸从4.1±0.8 mm（重力铸造）减小到0.57±0.1 mm，气孔率下降了50%。高温疲劳性能显著提高，650℃时的疲劳极限提高19.2%，相同循环应力下的疲劳寿命延长近10倍。这种混合方法为下一代高性能涡轮组件提供了可扩展的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Preceramic paper derived Ti3AlC2 – TiC – Al2O3 composites obtained via spark plasma sintering 通过火花等离子烧结制备预陶瓷纸基Ti3AlC2 - TiC - Al2O3复合材料

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140124

Dmitriy Krotkevich , Anastasia Abdulmenova , Pavel Voevodin , Elizaveta Sedanova , Nahum Travitzky , Egor Kashkarov

This work presents novel approach for fabricating composite materials based on the Ti₃AlC₂ MAX-phase, TiC and Al₂O₃, using preceramic papers as a starting material. Preceramic papers with different contents of Ti₃AlC₂ and Al₂O₃ were produced. The composites were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1150 °C under a pressure of 50 MPa. The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The dense composites (2% porosity) obtained at 30 wt% Al₂O₃ exhibit bending strength of 360 ± 30 MPa and hardness of 13.5 GPa. Increasing the Al₂O₃ content to 50 and 70 wt% results in higher porosity (12% and 25%), with bending strengths of 240 ± 20 MPa and 50 ± 5 MPa, and hardness values of 6.2 GPa and 5.3 GPa, respectively.

这项工作提出了一种新的方法来制造基于Ti₃AlC2 max相、TiC和Al₂O₃的复合材料，使用预陶瓷纸作为起始材料。制备了Ti₃AlC2和Al₂O₃含量不同的预陶瓷纸。复合材料在1150℃、50 MPa压力下进行放电等离子烧结。研究了复合材料的显微组织、相组成和力学性能。在30 wt% Al₂O₃下获得的致密复合材料（2%孔隙率）的抗弯强度为360±30 MPa，硬度为13.5 GPa。将Al₂O₃的含量增加到50和70 wt%，孔隙率提高（12%和25%），弯曲强度分别为240±20 MPa和50±5 MPa，硬度分别为6.2 GPa和5.3 GPa。

引用次数: 0

Microstructure and electrochemical properties of the stir zone in 430 ferritic stainless steel governed by rotation speed 转速对430铁素体不锈钢搅拌区的组织和电化学性能的影响

IF 2.7 4区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Letters

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140198

Yuhong Sun , Yupeng Li , Wenbiao Gong , Wei Liu , Xiang Yu

This work examined how rotation speed influences the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the stir zone (SZ) in 430 ferritic stainless steel joined by friction stir welding (FSW). The findings show that a higher rotation speed improves the formation quality of the initial region of the welded joint, coarsens the SZ grains, reduces the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and deteriorates corrosion resistance. At 500 rpm, the SZ achieved an average grain size of 3.8 μm and a self-corrosion current density of 1.367 × 10⁻⁷ A·cm⁻², showing the most uniform microstructure and the optimal electrochemical performance. Lower rotation speed helps obtain a fine, uniform grain structure in the SZ, facilitating rapid formation of a dense passive film and improving corrosion resistance.

本文研究了转速对430铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）搅拌区（SZ）微观结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：转速越高，焊接接头初始区成形质量越好，SZ晶粒越粗，低角晶界（LAGBs）的比例越低，耐蚀性越差；在500 rpm转速下，SZ的平均晶粒尺寸为3.8 μm，自腐蚀电流密度为1.367 × 10−7 a·cm−2，表现出最均匀的微观结构和最佳的电化学性能。较低的转速有助于在SZ中获得精细均匀的晶粒结构，有利于快速形成致密的钝化膜，提高耐腐蚀性。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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