This study used a coaxial powder-feed TIG welding system (welding current: 100 A, voltage: 14 V, speed: 150 mm/min) to fabricate TC4-BN alloy with a BN addition proportion of 0.8 wt%. The results showed that BN particles reacted with the titanium to form TiB and TiN phases, which served as heterogeneous nucleation sites and promoted grain refinement. As a result, the TC4-BN alloy showed a 15.2 % increase in yield strength and a 14.9 % increase in tensile strength, with minimal loss in plasticity. The strength improvement is mainly attributed to grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. These findings demonstrate that trace BN addition can effectively refine the microstructure and enhance the properties of TC4 alloys, offering valuable guidance for designing high-performance titanium materials.
{"title":"In situ strengthening of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4 V by the addition of BN","authors":"Dinglu Wu, Yutong Zhao, Geng Wang, Yinglei Huo, Zhifeng Yan, Wenxian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used a coaxial powder-feed TIG welding system (welding current: 100 A, voltage: 14 V, speed: 150 mm/min) to fabricate TC4-BN alloy with a BN addition proportion of 0.8 wt%. The results showed that BN particles reacted with the titanium to form TiB and TiN phases, which served as heterogeneous nucleation sites and promoted grain refinement. As a result, the TC4-BN alloy showed a 15.2 % increase in yield strength and a 14.9 % increase in tensile strength, with minimal loss in plasticity. The strength improvement is mainly attributed to grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. These findings demonstrate that trace BN addition can effectively refine the microstructure and enhance the properties of TC4 alloys, offering valuable guidance for designing high-performance titanium materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the influence of pulse frequency on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 321 stainless steel micro plasma arc welding (MPAW) joints. The experiment selected three pulse modes: direct current (DC), 5 Hz, and 500 Hz. The average grain size of the fusion zone (FZ) decreased from 7.1 μm at DC to 6.7 μm at 5 Hz and 5.8 μm at 500 Hz. For heat affected zone (HAZ)，the size decreased from 7.1 μm to 6.6 μm and 6.3 μm. All tensile specimens fractured in the base material (BM), therefore no significant changes in strength were observed. Their tensile strength is higher than that of the BM, while the elongation has decreased. Grain refinement leads to a notable increase in microhardness, with the hardness value at the weld center reaching 190 HV at 500 Hz, compared to 180 HV for DC and 5 Hz welds.
{"title":"Effect of pulse frequency on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 321 stainless steel micro plasma arc welded joint","authors":"Kaihui Xiao , Minghe Chen , Hongrui Dong , Chaolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of pulse frequency on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 321 stainless steel micro plasma arc welding (MPAW) joints. The experiment selected three pulse modes: direct current (DC), 5 Hz, and 500 Hz. The average grain size of the fusion zone (FZ) decreased from 7.1 μm at DC to 6.7 μm at 5 Hz and 5.8 μm at 500 Hz. For heat affected zone (HAZ)，the size decreased from 7.1 μm to 6.6 μm and 6.3 μm. All tensile specimens fractured in the base material (BM), therefore no significant changes in strength were observed. Their tensile strength is higher than that of the BM, while the elongation has decreased. Grain refinement leads to a notable increase in microhardness, with the hardness value at the weld center reaching 190 HV at 500 Hz, compared to 180 HV for DC and 5 Hz welds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cathodic plasma electrolytic nitriding (cPEN) was used to modify the surface of Titanium (Ti) and was characterised using surface analytical techniques. The morphology of the surface was of a dense structure with micropores, whereas phase and compositional analysis showed the presence of Ti-oxide/-nitrides/-oxynitride. The electrochemical characterisation in an aggressive proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment revealed that PEN-modified Ti has nobler corrosion potential and a lower corrosion rate. Quantitative analysis of the potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) plots reveals that the corrosion rate of PEN-modified Ti is reduced by ≈22 times in cathodic (3.44 mpy) and ≈10 times in anodic (16.79 mpy) conditions compared to bare-Ti. Further, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows that total resistance for bare-Ti is 0.112 kΩ.cm2 (cathodic condition) and 7.04 kΩ.cm2 (anodic condition), which increases to 14.35 kΩ.cm2 (cathodic condition) and 18.02 kΩ.cm2 (anodic condition) for the PEN-modified Ti. cPEN improves the corrosion resistance and stability of titanium in aggressive PEMFC environments, hence could be an alternative modification technique for bipolar plate applications.
{"title":"A study on the structural, compositional and electrochemical behaviour of plasma electrolytic nitrided titanium in an aggressive PEMFC environment","authors":"Badrinath Ramesh , Jitendra Chavhan , Manoj Prabhakar , Arulkumar Ganapathi , Michael Rohwerder , Lakshman Neelakantan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cathodic plasma electrolytic nitriding (cPEN) was used to modify the surface of Titanium (Ti) and was characterised using surface analytical techniques. The morphology of the surface was of a dense structure with micropores, whereas phase and compositional analysis showed the presence of Ti-oxide/-nitrides/-oxynitride. The electrochemical characterisation in an aggressive proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) environment revealed that PEN-modified Ti has nobler corrosion potential and a lower corrosion rate. Quantitative analysis of the potentiodynamic polarisation (PDP) plots reveals that the corrosion rate of PEN-modified Ti is reduced by ≈22 times in cathodic (3.44 mpy) and ≈10 times in anodic (16.79 mpy) conditions compared to bare-Ti. Further, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows that total resistance for bare-Ti is 0.112 kΩ.cm<sup>2</sup> (cathodic condition) and 7.04 kΩ.cm<sup>2</sup> (anodic condition), which increases to 14.35 kΩ.cm<sup>2</sup> (cathodic condition) and 18.02 kΩ.cm<sup>2</sup> (anodic condition) for the PEN-modified Ti. cPEN improves the corrosion resistance and stability of titanium in aggressive PEMFC environments, hence could be an alternative modification technique for bipolar plate applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139897
Xiao Wang , Yongjie Wu , Yue Chen , Hailin Yang , Ziqiao Wang , Jie Li , Xin Liu , Dingyu Yang
The rational design of passivation molecules is critical for suppressing defect-mediated losses in perovskite photovoltaics. This work employs anion-tailored organic ammonium salts, butylammonium acetate (BAAc) and butylammonium trifluoroacetate (BATFA), as dual-functional additives in inverted CsPbI2Br solar cells. It is found that the acetate in BAAc effectively passivates undercoordinated Pb2+ defects via stronger coordination, which suppresses trap-assisted recombination and yields a more compact film. Consequently, the BAAc-modified device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 13.95 %, significantly surpassing the 10.86 % of the control device. Meanwhile, the BATFA-modified device exhibits superior long-term stability owing to the enhanced hydrophobicity of the perovskite film. This study underscores anion selection as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the efficiency and stability of inorganic perovskite photovoltaics.
{"title":"Anion-tailored ammonium salts for efficient and stable inverted CsPbI2Br solar cells","authors":"Xiao Wang , Yongjie Wu , Yue Chen , Hailin Yang , Ziqiao Wang , Jie Li , Xin Liu , Dingyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational design of passivation molecules is critical for suppressing defect-mediated losses in perovskite photovoltaics. This work employs anion-tailored organic ammonium salts, butylammonium acetate (BAAc) and butylammonium trifluoroacetate (BATFA), as dual-functional additives in inverted CsPbI<sub>2</sub>Br solar cells. It is found that the acetate in BAAc effectively passivates undercoordinated Pb<sup>2+</sup> defects via stronger coordination, which suppresses trap-assisted recombination and yields a more compact film. Consequently, the BAAc-modified device achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 13.95 %, significantly surpassing the 10.86 % of the control device. Meanwhile, the BATFA-modified device exhibits superior long-term stability owing to the enhanced hydrophobicity of the perovskite film. This study underscores anion selection as a pivotal strategy for enhancing the efficiency and stability of inorganic perovskite photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) offer multiple applications in biomedical sector. Significant advancement in nanotechnology is the utilization of nanoparticles to enhance targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to malignant sites. Herein, an environmentally friendly approach was employed to synthesize Au-NPs using plant extracts from Albizia lebbeck, carrot, and stachys. Various techniques were applied to examine the properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Structural characteristics were assessed using XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The XRD analysis revealed four prominent peaks, indicating a crystalline structure, with crystallite sizes as 16, 17, and 21 nm for Au-NPs from Albizia lebbeck, carrot, and stachys, respectively. TEM observations indicated that nanoparticles predominantly displayed nanorods, sphere-like and triangular shapes, with sizes ranged from 15 to 25 nm. This study first time reported the biosynthesis of Au-NPs using aqueous extracts of Albizia lebbeck, carrot, and stachys leaves.
{"title":"A facile biosynthesis approach for development of eco-friendly stable gold nanoparticles","authors":"Hadeel Salih Mahdi , Azra Parveen , Jitendra Bahadur , Swati Singh , Ameer Azam","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) offer multiple applications in biomedical sector. Significant advancement in nanotechnology is the utilization of nanoparticles to enhance targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to malignant sites. Herein, an environmentally friendly approach was employed to synthesize Au-NPs using plant extracts from <em>Albizia lebbeck</em>, carrot, and stachys. Various techniques were applied to examine the properties of synthesized nanoparticles. Structural characteristics were assessed using XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The XRD analysis revealed four prominent peaks, indicating a crystalline structure, with crystallite sizes as 16, 17, and 21 nm for Au-NPs from <em>Albizia lebbeck</em>, carrot, and stachys, respectively. TEM observations indicated that nanoparticles predominantly displayed nanorods, sphere-like and triangular shapes, with sizes ranged from 15 to 25 nm. This study first time reported the biosynthesis of Au-NPs using aqueous extracts of <em>Albizia lebbeck</em>, carrot, and stachys leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the development of a Resveratrol@ZIF-67 nanocomposite as an efficient nanoplatform for colon cancer therapy. The ZIF-67 framework was synthesized through a modified solvothermal method and utilized as a carrier to enhance the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of resveratrol within the porous ZIF-67 matrix. The nanocomposite exhibited potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ of 3.7 μg/mL, significantly reducing cell viability, colony formation, and migration. Dual staining assays confirmed apoptosis characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Molecular docking studies further revealed a strong interaction between resveratrol@ZIF-67 and the COX-2 active site, suggesting enzyme inhibition as a potential mechanism of action. The synergistic integration of resveratrol with ZIF-67 resulted in enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to free resveratrol. These findings demonstrate that Resveratrol@ZIF-67 is a promising multifunctional nanocarrier system with potential applications in targeted colon cancer therapy.
{"title":"Nanostructured resveratrol@ZIF-67: A promising therapeutic strategy against HCT 116 colon cancer cells","authors":"Harsha Ramakrishna , Dhanush Govinakere Mallegowda , Aralakuppe Narendrababu Priyadarshini , Muddenahalli Srinivasa Sudhanva , Shivananju Nanjunda Swamy , Kalappa. Prashantha , Vivek Hamse Kameshwar","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a Resveratrol@ZIF-67 nanocomposite as an efficient nanoplatform for colon cancer therapy. The ZIF-67 framework was synthesized through a modified solvothermal method and utilized as a carrier to enhance the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of resveratrol within the porous ZIF-67 matrix. The nanocomposite exhibited potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ of 3.7 μg/mL, significantly reducing cell viability, colony formation, and migration. Dual staining assays confirmed apoptosis characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Molecular docking studies further revealed a strong interaction between resveratrol@ZIF-67 and the COX-2 active site, suggesting enzyme inhibition as a potential mechanism of action. The synergistic integration of resveratrol with ZIF-67 resulted in enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to free resveratrol. These findings demonstrate that Resveratrol@ZIF-67 is a promising multifunctional nanocarrier system with potential applications in targeted colon cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139881
Pierre G. Ramos , Joon Woo Park , Donggyu Lee , Yeonjin Yi , Juan Rodriguez
Zinc oxide (ZnO) suffers from rapid electron–hole recombination and weak visible-light response, thereby hindering its photocatalytic performance. Here, a synergistic approach combining cerium (Ce) doping and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybridization is proposed to overcome these drawbacks. Ce-ZnO/rGO nanostructures were synthesized via an electrospinning-assisted hydrothermal route, where 5 mol% Ce doping tailored nanorod diameter, induced lattice strain, enriched oxygen vacancies, and established Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couples. Band alignment analysis revealed a reduced work function, facilitating interfacial charge transfer to rGO. The synergy of Ce-induced charge trapping and rGO-mediated electron transport enabled efficient charge separation, enhanced radical generation, and delivered superior photocatalytic activity. This study elucidates the synergistic mechanism in Ce–ZnO/rGO hybrids and establishes design principles for rare-earth–modified graphene composites for environmental remediation.
{"title":"Ce-doped ZnO/rGO nanostructures via electrospinning-assisted hydrothermal synthesis for high-performance photocatalysis","authors":"Pierre G. Ramos , Joon Woo Park , Donggyu Lee , Yeonjin Yi , Juan Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc oxide (ZnO) suffers from rapid electron–hole recombination and weak visible-light response, thereby hindering its photocatalytic performance. Here, a synergistic approach combining cerium (Ce) doping and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybridization is proposed to overcome these drawbacks. Ce-ZnO/rGO nanostructures were synthesized via an electrospinning-assisted hydrothermal route, where 5 mol% Ce doping tailored nanorod diameter, induced lattice strain, enriched oxygen vacancies, and established Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> redox couples. Band alignment analysis revealed a reduced work function, facilitating interfacial charge transfer to rGO. The synergy of Ce-induced charge trapping and rGO-mediated electron transport enabled efficient charge separation, enhanced radical generation, and delivered superior photocatalytic activity. This study elucidates the synergistic mechanism in Ce–ZnO/rGO hybrids and establishes design principles for rare-earth–modified graphene composites for environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139854
M. Valanarasu, L. John Kennedy
In this work, a high-voltage and long-lifespan Zn/Co2V2O7 battery is developed using biogenic synthesis of CVO-AV hexagonal rod via microwave irradiation with Aloe vera extract. The self-assembled hexagonal architecture enables fast and reversible Zn2+ intercalation at high operational voltage. The battery delivers 2.0 V with a high capacity of 479 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, retaining 442 mAh g−1 above 1.2 V with 92.4 % capacity retention, thereby outperforming reported Zn/manganese- and vanadium-based systems. It exhibits excellent rate performance (479 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), remarkable cycle life (>10,000 cycles with 89.2 % retention at 5 A g−1), and an energy density of 542.9 Wh kg−1 at power density 1.14 kW kg−1 (1 A g−1). Fast-charging capability is demonstrated by achieving 1.5 V in 8 s, delivering 218 mAh g−1. The zinc-ion cell powers multiple LEDs and a miniature vehicle, demonstrating rapid, high-power energy storage and promising application in portable electronics.
本研究以芦荟提取物为原料，微波辐照生物合成CVO-AV六方棒，制备了一种高电压、长寿命的Zn/Co2V2O7电池。自组装的六边形结构可以在高工作电压下实现快速可逆的Zn2+嵌入。该电池在1 a g−1时提供2.0 V的高容量479 mAh g−1，在1.2 V以上保持442 mAh g−1，容量保持率为92.4%，因此优于锌/锰和钒基系统。它具有优异的倍率性能（在1 A g−1时为479 mAh g−1），显著的循环寿命（在5 A g−1时为>；10,000次循环，保留率为89.2%），在功率密度1.14 kW kg−1 （1 A g−1）时能量密度为542.9 Wh kg−1。快速充电能力在8秒内达到1.5 V，提供218 mAh g−1。锌离子电池为多个led和微型车辆供电，展示了快速，高功率的能量存储和在便携式电子产品中的应用前景。
{"title":"Hexagonal rod Co2V2O7 stabilizing the Co3+/Co4+ redox pair for a high-voltage (1.9 V plateau), ultrafast rechargeable alkaline Zn-ion battery for electric vehicles","authors":"M. Valanarasu, L. John Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a high-voltage and long-lifespan Zn/Co<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> battery is developed using biogenic synthesis of CVO-AV hexagonal rod via microwave irradiation with <em>Aloe vera</em> extract. The self-assembled hexagonal architecture enables fast and reversible Zn<sup>2+</sup> intercalation at high operational voltage. The battery delivers 2.0 V with a high capacity of 479 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, retaining 442 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> above 1.2 V with 92.4 % capacity retention, thereby outperforming reported Zn/manganese- and vanadium-based systems. It exhibits excellent rate performance (479 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), remarkable cycle life (>10,000 cycles with 89.2 % retention at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>), and an energy density of 542.9 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at power density 1.14 kW kg<sup>−1</sup> (1 A g<sup>−1</sup>). Fast-charging capability is demonstrated by achieving 1.5 V in 8 s, delivering 218 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>. The zinc-ion cell powers multiple LEDs and a miniature vehicle, demonstrating rapid, high-power energy storage and promising application in portable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139894
R. Srinivasan, A. Ravi Sankar
Achieving long-term stability, a broad sensing range, and scalability in the fabrication of flexible pressure sensors (FPS) remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a piezoresistive FPS fabricated by dip-coating sulfonitric acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) onto crepe bandage fabric, a rarely explored material for FPS fabrication. The synergistic combination of MWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS ensures strong π–π interactions and stable electrical conductivity. The optimized sensor exhibits notable sensitivities of 0.044 kPa−1, 0.0023 kPa−1, and 0.0006 kPa−1 across pressure ranges of 0–12 kPa, 12–75 kPa, and 75–200 kPa, respectively, with a low detection limit of 6 Pa, rapid response and recovery times (237 and 63 ms), and durability exceeding 8000 cycles. Applications such as motion monitoring and two-dimensional pressure mapping are demonstrated.
{"title":"A long-term stable flexible pressure sensor based on MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS-coated crepe bandage for wide-range sensing","authors":"R. Srinivasan, A. Ravi Sankar","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving long-term stability, a broad sensing range, and scalability in the fabrication of flexible pressure sensors (FPS) remains a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a piezoresistive FPS fabricated by dip-coating sulfonitric acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) onto crepe bandage fabric, a rarely explored material for FPS fabrication. The synergistic combination of MWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS ensures strong π–π interactions and stable electrical conductivity. The optimized sensor exhibits notable sensitivities of 0.044 kPa<sup>−1</sup>, 0.0023 kPa<sup>−1</sup>, and 0.0006 kPa<sup>−1</sup> across pressure ranges of 0–12 kPa, 12–75 kPa, and 75–200 kPa, respectively, with a low detection limit of 6 Pa, rapid response and recovery times (237 and 63 ms), and durability exceeding 8000 cycles. Applications such as motion monitoring and two-dimensional pressure mapping are demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"406 ","pages":"Article 139894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2025.139883
Weiyi Zhang , Jiajia Ge , Qingkun Meng , Yanwei Sui , Fuxiang Wei , Ya Ni , Wenqing Wei , Yingjian Hu , Jiqiu Qi
A nanoceria modified cerium silane composite sealing film was prepared through a novel one step dipping process to enhance the corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed Zn-Cu-Ti coatings. This controllable method integrates hydrolysis, condensation and nanoparticle co-deposition into a single procedure and simplifies the traditional multi-step sealing treatment. XRD, FT-IR, XPS and EPMA confirm that nanosized CeO2 is incorporated into the coating. The silane species form a crosslinked Si-O-Si network and generate Si-O-Ce bonds, resulting in a compact film. The water contact angle increased from 98° to 144°, representing a 47 % improvement in surface hydrophobicity. The corrosion current density decreased to 8.726 × 10−4 A cm−2, approximately 29 % lower than that of the unsealed coating, while the impedance modulus increased to 1.760 × 103 Ω·cm2, nearly six times higher, indicating enhanced electrochemical stability. After 20 d of salt spray exposure, EPMA results show that the sealing film reduces corrosion and restricts electrolyte penetration, lowering the weight loss to 0.97 mg·cm−2. The formation of Si-O-Ce bonds improves the compactness and durability of the film and provides an efficient strategy for long-term corrosion protection in marine and industrial environments.
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