Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140127
Jinlin Wu , Yuxiang Su , Jianfeng Luo , Hongjun Yan , Xin Dong , Youbao Yao , Han Guo , Xingwang Liu , Keyang Zhao
For inventing a more efficient approach to optimize the output performance and application potential of triboelectric harvester, a brand new design coupled conductive graphite layer triboelectric nanogenerator (CG-TENG) is proposed in this work. It is featuring synergistic optimization of staggered lever mechanisms and conductive graphite, which achieves highly efficient biomechanical energy harvesting. The incorporation of conductive graphite (CG) into the triboelectric layer significantly enhances charge transfer via its free electrons. At the frequency of 3 Hz, the CG-TENG delivers peak performance: 3120 V, 108.5 μA, and 582 nC. In the application section, it delivers an instantaneous power density of 14.09 W/m2, which is superiors to many similar optimization designs.
{"title":"A triboelectric floor with stacked graphite layers and a staggered lever mechanism for highly efficient biomechanical energy harvesting","authors":"Jinlin Wu , Yuxiang Su , Jianfeng Luo , Hongjun Yan , Xin Dong , Youbao Yao , Han Guo , Xingwang Liu , Keyang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For inventing a more efficient approach to optimize the output performance and application potential of triboelectric harvester, a brand new design coupled conductive graphite layer triboelectric nanogenerator (CG-TENG) is proposed in this work. It is featuring synergistic optimization of staggered lever mechanisms and conductive graphite, which achieves highly efficient biomechanical energy harvesting. The incorporation of conductive graphite (CG) into the triboelectric layer significantly enhances charge transfer via its free electrons. At the frequency of 3 Hz, the CG-TENG delivers peak performance: 3120 V, 108.5 μA, and 582 nC. In the application section, it delivers an instantaneous power density of 14.09 W/m<sup>2</sup>, which is superiors to many similar optimization designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140119
Xuguang Li , Jin Yang , Yugang Zhang , Junxi Shi , Hanjun Wei
Broadening the application of rare-earth silicate materials in electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption is crucial for the development of high-performance components. Herein, the TiO2@Yb2Si2O7 ceramics with a cracked structure were fabricated by depositing layered and spherical TiO2 onto Yb2Si2O7 ceramic surfaces via vacuum impregnation followed by heat treatment. The TiO2 content and distribution were precisely controlled through repeated processing. The optimized ceramic containing 22 wt% TiO2 exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −41.2 dB at 9.4 GHz and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4 GHz at a thickness of 2.9 mm. The unique cracked architecture and synergistic effects between TiO2 and Yb2Si2O7 significantly enhanced impedance matching and attenuation, resulting in excellent microwave absorption performance.
{"title":"Enhancing impedance matching for electromagnetic wave absorption via surface deposition of TiO2 on Yb2Si2O7 ceramic","authors":"Xuguang Li , Jin Yang , Yugang Zhang , Junxi Shi , Hanjun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broadening the application of rare-earth silicate materials in electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption is crucial for the development of high-performance components. Herein, the TiO<sub>2</sub>@Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramics with a cracked structure were fabricated by depositing layered and spherical TiO<sub>2</sub> onto Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ceramic surfaces via vacuum impregnation followed by heat treatment. The TiO<sub>2</sub> content and distribution were precisely controlled through repeated processing. The optimized ceramic containing 22 wt% TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −41.2 dB at 9.4 GHz and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 4 GHz at a thickness of 2.9 mm. The unique cracked architecture and synergistic effects between TiO<sub>2</sub> and Yb<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> significantly enhanced impedance matching and attenuation, resulting in excellent microwave absorption performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140118
Meiqian Huang , Zijian Zhou , Xinguang Wang , Xiang-Xi Ye , Rui Zhang , Weihong Zhang , Xipeng Tao , Yizhou Zhou , Xiaofeng Sun , Chuanyong Cui
The precipitation behavior of the rarely reported M12C carbide at incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs) was investigated in a Ni–W–Cr superalloy designed for molten salt reactors. A brief solution treatment followed by aging promoted elemental supersaturation and segregation at ITBs, facilitating the nucleation of nanoscale M12C with a cube-on-cube orientation relationship (OR) and a fully coherent interface with the matrix. The coherent M12C can effectively stabilize the microstructure and inhibit grain growth. This work demonstrates a grain-boundary engineering strategy to enhance the precipitation of coherent carbides， offering a potential approach for improving high-temperature performance.
{"title":"Promoting coherent M12C carbide precipitation at twin boundaries via heat treatment in a novel high-tungsten nickel-based Superalloy","authors":"Meiqian Huang , Zijian Zhou , Xinguang Wang , Xiang-Xi Ye , Rui Zhang , Weihong Zhang , Xipeng Tao , Yizhou Zhou , Xiaofeng Sun , Chuanyong Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation behavior of the rarely reported M<sub>12</sub>C carbide at incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs) was investigated in a Ni–W–Cr superalloy designed for molten salt reactors. A brief solution treatment followed by aging promoted elemental supersaturation and segregation at ITBs, facilitating the nucleation of nanoscale M<sub>12</sub>C with a cube-on-cube orientation relationship (OR) and a fully coherent interface with the matrix. The coherent M<sub>12</sub>C can effectively stabilize the microstructure and inhibit grain growth. This work demonstrates a grain-boundary engineering strategy to enhance the precipitation of coherent carbides， offering a potential approach for improving high-temperature performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140116
A. Thennarasi, Kuraganti Vasu
Here, the resistive switching behavior of defective MoSe2 2D nanosheets and 3D nanoflowers is investigated. The structural analysis reveals that the MoSe2 crystallized into a 2H hexagonal crystal structure and possesses Se vacancies. The memristor device with nanosheets (Au/MoSe2-S/Au) and nanoflower (Au/MoSe2-F/Au) exhibits bipolar asymmetric resistive switching. The nanoflower memristor shows a better switching performance with an ON/OFF ratio of 102 (at 1.5 V) and long cyclic stability.
{"title":"Asymmetric resistive switching behavior in defective MoSe2 nanostructures","authors":"A. Thennarasi, Kuraganti Vasu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, the resistive switching behavior of defective MoSe<sub>2</sub> 2D nanosheets and 3D nanoflowers is investigated. The structural analysis reveals that the MoSe<sub>2</sub> crystallized into a 2H hexagonal crystal structure and possesses Se vacancies. The memristor device with nanosheets (Au/MoSe<sub>2</sub>-S/Au) and nanoflower (Au/MoSe<sub>2</sub>-F/Au) exhibits bipolar asymmetric resistive switching. The nanoflower memristor shows a better switching performance with an ON/OFF ratio of 10<sup>2</sup> (at 1.5 V) and long cyclic stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140098
Ruijia Yin , Yao Wang , Lifang Chen , Xiuqing Huang , Guoxin Tan
Natural active components, such as polyphenols, possess significant potential for application in the medical field. However, poor solubility, low stability and insufficient bioavailability seriously restrict application efficiency. We constructed a carrier-free nanoplatform to achieve efficient co-loading and functional synergy of hydrophobic eugenol (Eu) and hydrophilic tannic acid (TA). The Eu and TA self-assembled to form a nanoemulsion through non-covalent interactions, and further coordination cross-linking between Zn2+ and TA was utilized to prepare Eu-TA‑zinc chloride nanospheres (Eu-TA-ZC NSs). The Eu-TA-ZC NSs exhibited uniform particle size, regular morphology, strong antioxidant activity and efficient antibacterial effects. This study not only overcomes the delivery problems of natural active components and enhances their performance, but also provides a novel strategy for developing efficient multifunctional co-delivery systems.
{"title":"Self-assembled nanospheres derived from bioactive components of natural products: in vitro characterization and functional analysis","authors":"Ruijia Yin , Yao Wang , Lifang Chen , Xiuqing Huang , Guoxin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural active components, such as polyphenols, possess significant potential for application in the medical field. However, poor solubility, low stability and insufficient bioavailability seriously restrict application efficiency. We constructed a carrier-free nanoplatform to achieve efficient co-loading and functional synergy of hydrophobic eugenol (Eu) and hydrophilic tannic acid (TA). The Eu and TA self-assembled to form a nanoemulsion through non-covalent interactions, and further coordination cross-linking between Zn<sup>2+</sup> and TA was utilized to prepare Eu-TA‑zinc chloride nanospheres (Eu-TA-ZC NSs). The Eu-TA-ZC NSs exhibited uniform particle size, regular morphology, strong antioxidant activity and efficient antibacterial effects. This study not only overcomes the delivery problems of natural active components and enhances their performance, but also provides a novel strategy for developing efficient multifunctional co-delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140115
Erni Shao , Han Yan , Yan Ma , Yufei Bai , Yanhong Tian , Tadatomo Suga , Chenxi Wang
Bonding of sapphire and quartz glass is essential for aerospace and quantum technologies. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of sapphire is more than ten times that of quartz, direct bonding may fail due to excessive interfacial thermal stress. Hydroxide-catalyzed bonding (HCB) can join silicon-based materials through chemical reactions with alkaline solutions and relieve interfacial stress. However, sapphire is difficult to react due to its chemical inert, which is challenging to combine with quartz glass achieving high bonding strengths and excellent optical interfaces. Here, a reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma was employed to improve surface roughness and chemical activity. It promotes the spontaneous spreading and infiltration of Na2SiO3 solution on both sapphire and quartz surfaces. The HCB solution formulation was optimized so that high bonding strength over 8 MPa was obtained while maintaining excellent optical transmittance (∼95% theorical value). Moreover, the bridging interlayer of transparent inorganic networks can relieve thermal stress. The bonded sample was thus completely survived after −55 ∼ +125 °C thermal cycles. It has great potential for hybrid integrated optical and transparent encapsulation applications.
{"title":"Hydroxide-catalyzed bonding of sapphire and quartz glass enabled by plasma activation","authors":"Erni Shao , Han Yan , Yan Ma , Yufei Bai , Yanhong Tian , Tadatomo Suga , Chenxi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonding of sapphire and quartz glass is essential for aerospace and quantum technologies. Since the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of sapphire is more than ten times that of quartz, direct bonding may fail due to excessive interfacial thermal stress. Hydroxide-catalyzed bonding (HCB) can join silicon-based materials through chemical reactions with alkaline solutions and relieve interfacial stress. However, sapphire is difficult to react due to its chemical inert, which is challenging to combine with quartz glass achieving high bonding strengths and excellent optical interfaces. Here, a reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma was employed to improve surface roughness and chemical activity. It promotes the spontaneous spreading and infiltration of Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> solution on both sapphire and quartz surfaces. The HCB solution formulation was optimized so that high bonding strength over 8 MPa was obtained while maintaining excellent optical transmittance (∼95% theorical value). Moreover, the bridging interlayer of transparent inorganic networks can relieve thermal stress. The bonded sample was thus completely survived after −55 ∼ +125 °C thermal cycles. It has great potential for hybrid integrated optical and transparent encapsulation applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140110
Endong Zhang, Masashi Kato
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a promising photocatalyst for solar water splitting, but carrier recombination limits its efficiency. Using time-resolved photoluminescence, we examined how Nb and La dopants affect recombination in SrTiO3 (100) crystals. Both introduce recombination centers, with La causing faster recombination due to more compensating defects such as oxygen vacancies or Ti3+. Increasing La concentration slightly increases lifetime by reducing these centers. Carrier lifetime decreases with temperature, consistent with Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Rate-equation analysis shows La produces more recombination centers than Nb. These results clarify dopant roles and guide doping strategies to balance conductivity and lifetime for efficient hydrogen production.
{"title":"Difference in charge carrier recombination among undoped, Nb-, and La-doped SrTiO3 single crystals","authors":"Endong Zhang, Masashi Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strontium titanate (SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) is a promising photocatalyst for solar water splitting, but carrier recombination limits its efficiency. Using time-resolved photoluminescence, we examined how Nb and La dopants affect recombination in SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (100) crystals. Both introduce recombination centers, with La causing faster recombination due to more compensating defects such as oxygen vacancies or Ti<sup>3+</sup>. Increasing La concentration slightly increases lifetime by reducing these centers. Carrier lifetime decreases with temperature, consistent with Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Rate-equation analysis shows La produces more recombination centers than Nb. These results clarify dopant roles and guide doping strategies to balance conductivity and lifetime for efficient hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140112
Siqi Wang , Zijian Chen , Ting Li, Haowen Liu, Zhengze Zhang, Qi Yang, Chunxiang Wei, Wei Yang, Hongdian Lu
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels are attractive for wearable sensing but often lack mechanical robustness and multifunctionality. Here, a composite hydrogel (ANGL) is prepared by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide with (2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and incorporating glycerol and NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide nanosheets. ANGL delivers >6 MPa tensile strength and ∼600% elongation but endures only ∼14 loading-unloading cycles at 100% strain. The equilibrium-swollen hydrogel (ANGLeq) retains 1.16 MPa strength and 898% elongation with 2000-cycle durability. ANGLeq further enables 0–800% strain sensing, real-time motion monitoring and gesture control, and exhibits low-hysteresis thermoresistive response (20–60 °C) and rapid flame-triggered signals for early fire-warning.
{"title":"Glycerol-LDH co-engineered P(NIPAm-AETC) hydrogels with high stretchability and thermoresistive strain sensing for wearable early warning","authors":"Siqi Wang , Zijian Chen , Ting Li, Haowen Liu, Zhengze Zhang, Qi Yang, Chunxiang Wei, Wei Yang, Hongdian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels are attractive for wearable sensing but often lack mechanical robustness and multifunctionality. Here, a composite hydrogel (ANGL) is prepared by copolymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide with (2-acryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride and incorporating glycerol and NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide nanosheets. ANGL delivers >6 MPa tensile strength and ∼600% elongation but endures only ∼14 loading-unloading cycles at 100% strain. The equilibrium-swollen hydrogel (ANGL<sub>eq</sub>) retains 1.16 MPa strength and 898% elongation with 2000-cycle durability. ANGL<sub>eq</sub> further enables 0–800% strain sensing, real-time motion monitoring and gesture control, and exhibits low-hysteresis thermoresistive response (20–60 °C) and rapid flame-triggered signals for early fire-warning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140094
Giovane Santos Duarte , Anne Carolinne Melo Costa , Helder de Lucena Pereira , Denise Nobrega Diniz , Marcelino Guedes Lima , Elvia Leal , Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa
In this study, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was synthesized at a pilot scale by combustion reaction using urea and glycine as fuels, with the aim of its application as a radiopacifying agent in dental cements. The urea- and glycine-derived oxides are hereafter referred to as BiU and BiG. The oxide was incorporated into a carboxymethylcellulose–glycerin–water hydrogel (30 wt%), producing the cements CBU (cement containing BiU) and CBG (cement containing BiG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the α-Bi2O3 phase for both routes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that BiU consists of smaller, homogeneous, and porous particle agglomerates, whereas BiG consists of larger, heterogeneous agglomerates. The CBU exhibited higher density and radiopacity (8–9 mm Al), while the CBG showed lower radiopacity (7 mm Al) and higher flowability. The results demonstrate that the fuel type determines the Bi2O3 microstructure and, consequently, its radiopacity and flow behavior in the cements.
在本研究中，以尿素和甘氨酸为燃料，通过燃烧反应在中试规模下合成了氧化铋（Bi2O3），目的是将其用作牙科胶合剂中的放射性不透明剂。尿素和甘氨酸衍生的氧化物下文称为BiU和BiG。将氧化物掺入羧甲基纤维素-甘油-水凝胶（30% wt%）中，生成水泥CBU（含BiU的水泥）和CBG（含BiG的水泥）。x射线衍射（XRD）证实了两种途径均能形成α-Bi2O3相。扫描电镜（SEM）显微图显示，BiU由较小的、均匀的、多孔的颗粒团块组成，而BiG由较大的、非均匀的颗粒团块组成。CBU具有较高的密度和x射线透明度（8-9 mm Al），而CBG具有较低的x射线透明度（7 mm Al）和较高的流动性。结果表明，燃料类型决定了Bi2O3的微观结构，从而决定了其在胶结物中的放射性和流动行为。
{"title":"Dental cements containing Bi2O3: Physical properties and radiopacity","authors":"Giovane Santos Duarte , Anne Carolinne Melo Costa , Helder de Lucena Pereira , Denise Nobrega Diniz , Marcelino Guedes Lima , Elvia Leal , Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was synthesized at a pilot scale by combustion reaction using urea and glycine as fuels, with the aim of its application as a radiopacifying agent in dental cements. The urea- and glycine-derived oxides are hereafter referred to as BiU and BiG. The oxide was incorporated into a carboxymethylcellulose–glycerin–water hydrogel (30 wt%), producing the cements CBU (cement containing BiU) and CBG (cement containing BiG). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the α-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase for both routes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that BiU consists of smaller, homogeneous, and porous particle agglomerates, whereas BiG consists of larger, heterogeneous agglomerates. The CBU exhibited higher density and radiopacity (8–9 mm Al), while the CBG showed lower radiopacity (7 mm Al) and higher flowability. The results demonstrate that the fuel type determines the Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microstructure and, consequently, its radiopacity and flow behavior in the cements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-temperature fabrication of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite film leads to defect site trap formation, thereby impeding the crystallization of CsPbIBr₂ films. In this report, we have investigated phenethyl ammonium chloride (PEACl) as an additive in CsPbIBr2 perovskite. The incorporation of PEACl effectively modulates perovskite crystallization and suppresses defect formation, as evidenced by the enhanced morphology and improved crystallinity of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite films. As a result, the optimized PEACl additive CsPbIBr2 PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.43% and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.17 V, with an active area of 0.25 cm2. The stability of unencapsulated devices were tested under ambient conditions (∼27 °C, 45–65% relative humidity).
{"title":"Hydrophobic PEACl additive for low-temperature processed all-inorganic CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cells","authors":"Nikky Chandrakar , Mukesh Kumar , Dhruv Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature fabrication of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite film leads to defect site trap formation, thereby impeding the crystallization of CsPbIBr₂ films. In this report, we have investigated phenethyl ammonium chloride (PEACl) as an additive in CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> perovskite. The incorporation of PEACl effectively modulates perovskite crystallization and suppresses defect formation, as evidenced by the enhanced morphology and improved crystallinity of CsPbIBr₂ perovskite films. As a result, the optimized PEACl additive CsPbIBr<sub>2</sub> PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.43% and an open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>) of 1.17 V, with an active area of 0.25 cm<sup>2</sup>. The stability of unencapsulated devices were tested under ambient conditions (∼27 °C, 45–65% relative humidity).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"408 ","pages":"Article 140113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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