Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384068
K. Harish, M. Rao, R. Borgohain, A. Sairam, P. Abhilash
Tremor is a rhythmic involuntary oscillatory movement of body parts, with a relatively fixed frequency and amplitude. It can be observed in healthy subjects as well as in patients with various diseases. Tremor constitutes one of the most important symptoms of neurological disorders. Among the pathological cases, essential and parkinsonian tremor are the most often observed types. However, its objective assessment is very difficult. The methods used for quantification require application of such devices as low G accelerometers and piezoelectric detectors. In the present paper a simple measuring unit consisting of accelerometer transducer with built in A/D conversion and SPI bus is interfaced to a micro controller. The micro -controller acquires the tremor signal in all the three axes. The micro controller then transmits the signal to a PC, where the suitable program acquires the signal, which can be processed using MATLAB program for measuring and quantifying the tremor frequency and amplitude. After establishing the set of processing rules through MATLAB programming a portable and stand alone system can be designed. The proposed system for acquisition and processing of tremor signals can be used as an aid in both medical diagnosing and prognosis of certain neurological disorders.
{"title":"Tremor quantification and its measurements on parkinsonian patients","authors":"K. Harish, M. Rao, R. Borgohain, A. Sairam, P. Abhilash","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384068","url":null,"abstract":"Tremor is a rhythmic involuntary oscillatory movement of body parts, with a relatively fixed frequency and amplitude. It can be observed in healthy subjects as well as in patients with various diseases. Tremor constitutes one of the most important symptoms of neurological disorders. Among the pathological cases, essential and parkinsonian tremor are the most often observed types. However, its objective assessment is very difficult. The methods used for quantification require application of such devices as low G accelerometers and piezoelectric detectors. In the present paper a simple measuring unit consisting of accelerometer transducer with built in A/D conversion and SPI bus is interfaced to a micro controller. The micro -controller acquires the tremor signal in all the three axes. The micro controller then transmits the signal to a PC, where the suitable program acquires the signal, which can be processed using MATLAB program for measuring and quantifying the tremor frequency and amplitude. After establishing the set of processing rules through MATLAB programming a portable and stand alone system can be designed. The proposed system for acquisition and processing of tremor signals can be used as an aid in both medical diagnosing and prognosis of certain neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125108376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384089
I. Taib, K. Osman, M. R. A. Kadir, M. H. Padzillah
The risk of rupture for advanced level of aneurysm is very much investigated by medical practitioners and researchers. Numerical modelers have also been contributing to the prediction of this rupture. In this study, the effect of various physiological and physical conditions to the increased of the risk rupture is investigated. This study uses simplified model of aneurysm based on actual shape for the advanced level of aneurysm. Three-dimensional model was used and various flow situations representing various physical conditions were evaluated. Both normal blood pressure (NBP) and high blood pressure (HBP) effect were studied in this case. This study shows that a person with advanced level of aneurysm is observed to have vortex formation as the flow reaches late systole, in the distal region under both resting and exercise conditions. This phenomenon will increase the risk of rupture due to the high fluctuation of wall shear stress in this area. Lower risk of rupture is also observed in the proximal area with the presence of weak vortex. The results also show that high blood pressure under exercise conditions exhibits approximately double the risk for rupture as compared to normal blood pressure under resting condition.
{"title":"Risk of rupture analysis for advanced level of AAA under combined physiological and physical conditions","authors":"I. Taib, K. Osman, M. R. A. Kadir, M. H. Padzillah","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384089","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of rupture for advanced level of aneurysm is very much investigated by medical practitioners and researchers. Numerical modelers have also been contributing to the prediction of this rupture. In this study, the effect of various physiological and physical conditions to the increased of the risk rupture is investigated. This study uses simplified model of aneurysm based on actual shape for the advanced level of aneurysm. Three-dimensional model was used and various flow situations representing various physical conditions were evaluated. Both normal blood pressure (NBP) and high blood pressure (HBP) effect were studied in this case. This study shows that a person with advanced level of aneurysm is observed to have vortex formation as the flow reaches late systole, in the distal region under both resting and exercise conditions. This phenomenon will increase the risk of rupture due to the high fluctuation of wall shear stress in this area. Lower risk of rupture is also observed in the proximal area with the presence of weak vortex. The results also show that high blood pressure under exercise conditions exhibits approximately double the risk for rupture as compared to normal blood pressure under resting condition.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125203214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384102
Kenji Okazaki, A. Tangoku, T. Morimoto, Keigo Hattori, Ryosuke Kotani, E. Yasuno, M. Akutagawa, Y. Kinouchi
Information on biological tissues for medical diagnoses can be usually provided by X-ray images, ultrasonic images and MRI, which offer basically the information on mass or proton density distributions. On the other hands, electrical bioimpedances contain different information related to tissue structures and their physiological states and functions. It is well known that the electrical properties of biological tissues differ significantly depending on their structure. This has been reported by investigators studying the application of differences in the electrical properties of tumors to the clinical aspect. Electrical properties of malignant breast tumors have been investigated by Frinke and Morse. They found significantly higher permeability of the tumor tissue at 20 kHz compared to normal or nonmalignant tissues. Similar results have been reported by several other investigations. Our group has measured directly electrical impedances of benign breast tumor and malignant breast tumor by needle electrodes. Our group has developed the non-invasive electrical impedance tomography ( EIT ). The purposes of this study were to estimate the electrical conductivity of localized tissues by non-invasive measurement of the electrical impedance tomography ( EIT ) on localized tissues. This EIT methods has a possibility of early detection of breast cancer and can be used for young women breast cancers which are difficult to be found by mammography because of dense breasts. In this conference, we illustrate our new theory of non-invasive measurement of EIT. Our group ( Department of Surgery of The University of Tokushima and Institute of Technology and Science of The University of Tokushima ) has studied and developed EIT since 1980s and has experimented with non-invasive measurement of EIT since 2000s. A new impedance analytical system was developed, and measurements were performed over a frequency range of 0-100kHz by the four-electrode method. The biological tissue can be regarded electrically as an equivalent consisting of extracellular resistance ( Re ), intracellular resistance ( Ri ), and electrical capacitance of the cell membrane ( Cm ). These three parameter were calculated from the measured values of electrical bio-impedance by the curve-fitting technique using a computer program. It was found that Re and Ri of breast cancers were significantly lower than those of benign tumors, and that Cm of breast cancers was significantly lower than that of benign tumors. Ito Laboratory, Department of Medical System Engineering at Chiba University developed an organism equivalence phantom. Our group used the phantom and made one-layer phantom ( muscle or brain ) and two-layers phantom ( muscle and brain ). Our group measured the electrical conductivity of these one layer and two layers phantoms by our non-invasive measurement of EIT. One-layer phantom was measured by our non-invasive measurement of EIT. The errs of impedance between measured by our new EIT and
{"title":"Basic study of a new diagnostic modality by non-invasive measurement of the electrical impedance tomography (EIT) on localized tissues","authors":"Kenji Okazaki, A. Tangoku, T. Morimoto, Keigo Hattori, Ryosuke Kotani, E. Yasuno, M. Akutagawa, Y. Kinouchi","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384102","url":null,"abstract":"Information on biological tissues for medical diagnoses can be usually provided by X-ray images, ultrasonic images and MRI, which offer basically the information on mass or proton density distributions. On the other hands, electrical bioimpedances contain different information related to tissue structures and their physiological states and functions. It is well known that the electrical properties of biological tissues differ significantly depending on their structure. This has been reported by investigators studying the application of differences in the electrical properties of tumors to the clinical aspect. Electrical properties of malignant breast tumors have been investigated by Frinke and Morse. They found significantly higher permeability of the tumor tissue at 20 kHz compared to normal or nonmalignant tissues. Similar results have been reported by several other investigations. Our group has measured directly electrical impedances of benign breast tumor and malignant breast tumor by needle electrodes. Our group has developed the non-invasive electrical impedance tomography ( EIT ). The purposes of this study were to estimate the electrical conductivity of localized tissues by non-invasive measurement of the electrical impedance tomography ( EIT ) on localized tissues. This EIT methods has a possibility of early detection of breast cancer and can be used for young women breast cancers which are difficult to be found by mammography because of dense breasts. In this conference, we illustrate our new theory of non-invasive measurement of EIT. Our group ( Department of Surgery of The University of Tokushima and Institute of Technology and Science of The University of Tokushima ) has studied and developed EIT since 1980s and has experimented with non-invasive measurement of EIT since 2000s. A new impedance analytical system was developed, and measurements were performed over a frequency range of 0-100kHz by the four-electrode method. The biological tissue can be regarded electrically as an equivalent consisting of extracellular resistance ( Re ), intracellular resistance ( Ri ), and electrical capacitance of the cell membrane ( Cm ). These three parameter were calculated from the measured values of electrical bio-impedance by the curve-fitting technique using a computer program. It was found that Re and Ri of breast cancers were significantly lower than those of benign tumors, and that Cm of breast cancers was significantly lower than that of benign tumors. Ito Laboratory, Department of Medical System Engineering at Chiba University developed an organism equivalence phantom. Our group used the phantom and made one-layer phantom ( muscle or brain ) and two-layers phantom ( muscle and brain ). Our group measured the electrical conductivity of these one layer and two layers phantoms by our non-invasive measurement of EIT. One-layer phantom was measured by our non-invasive measurement of EIT. The errs of impedance between measured by our new EIT and ","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133143418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384106
Poh Chee Khun, Zhang Zhuo, L. Z. Yang, Liyuan Li, Liu Jiang
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is an important device to detect abnormalities in small intestine. Despite emerging technologies, reviewing capsule endoscopic video is a labor intensive task and very time consuming. Computational tools which automatically detect informative frames and tag abnormal conditions such as bleeding, ulcer or tumor will dramatically reduce the clinician's effort. In this paper, we explored various machine-learning methodologies based on different feature extraction and selection criteria, and developed an optimized classification method. The experiment results shows that, comparing to texture feature, using color feature for classification achieved better accuracy, regardless of machine-learning method chosen. The proposed method has been applied in real data taken from capsule endoscopic exams. For informative frames detection, classification method using color feature gives an accuracy of 94.10% and 93.44% for support vector machines (SVM) and neural network (NN) classifiers respectively. For the bleeding detection using color feature, the accuracy achieved 99.41% and 98.97% for SVM and NN respectively. In addition, we also investigated the computational time required for feature extraction and classification. In our experiments, color feature significantly outperformed texture feature in WCE image classification. The overall computational time (per frame) using color feature is 0.7125s (informative frame with SVM), 1.0329s (informative frame with NN), 0.51s (bleeding frame with SVM) and 1.2163s (bleeding frame with NN). Classifiers for more gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases detection will be developed based on this work subsequently.
{"title":"Feature selection and classification for Wireless Capsule Endoscopic frames","authors":"Poh Chee Khun, Zhang Zhuo, L. Z. Yang, Liyuan Li, Liu Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384106","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is an important device to detect abnormalities in small intestine. Despite emerging technologies, reviewing capsule endoscopic video is a labor intensive task and very time consuming. Computational tools which automatically detect informative frames and tag abnormal conditions such as bleeding, ulcer or tumor will dramatically reduce the clinician's effort. In this paper, we explored various machine-learning methodologies based on different feature extraction and selection criteria, and developed an optimized classification method. The experiment results shows that, comparing to texture feature, using color feature for classification achieved better accuracy, regardless of machine-learning method chosen. The proposed method has been applied in real data taken from capsule endoscopic exams. For informative frames detection, classification method using color feature gives an accuracy of 94.10% and 93.44% for support vector machines (SVM) and neural network (NN) classifiers respectively. For the bleeding detection using color feature, the accuracy achieved 99.41% and 98.97% for SVM and NN respectively. In addition, we also investigated the computational time required for feature extraction and classification. In our experiments, color feature significantly outperformed texture feature in WCE image classification. The overall computational time (per frame) using color feature is 0.7125s (informative frame with SVM), 1.0329s (informative frame with NN), 0.51s (bleeding frame with SVM) and 1.2163s (bleeding frame with NN). Classifiers for more gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases detection will be developed based on this work subsequently.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114649805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384082
H. Chandrasekhar, P. Raj, J. Rao, N. Udupa
Methanolic extracts of different parts of Hyperium mysorense (HM) (Hypericaceae) namely aerial parts (HMA), flowering tops (HMF), leaf (HML), root (HMR) and stem (HMS) were screened for its in vitro and in vivo anti cancer activities. The short term toxicity studies were carried out against Ehrlich Ascitic Carcinoma (EAC) cells. Different concentrations of the HM extracts (1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 62.5 µg/ml and 31.25 µg/ml) were tested against EAC cells and the viability of the cells were estimated by trypan blue dye exclusion method. HMF and HML showed better activity with CTC50 value of 375.39 ± 11.83 and 393.64 ± 12.28 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo antitumor studies were carried out for active HMF and HML extracts using EAC induced Swiss Albino mice model. Two different concentrations of HMF and HML were tested in vivo and compared with 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) as standard. The animals of the tumor control group inoculated with EAC survived for a period of 18.66 ± 0.65 days. The treatment with the HMF at 100 and 400 mg/kg increased the Average life span (ALS) of animals by 22.33 ± 1.28 and 26.16 ± 1.75 (p≪0.01) days, respectively. HML at a dose of 100 and 400 mg/kg increased the ALS of animals by 19.50 ± 1.73 and 23.50 ± 1.18 days, respectively. The standard 5-FU at 20 mg/kg, significantly (p≪0.001) increased the life span to 30.33 ± 1.02 (p≪0.001) days.
{"title":"Anticancer activity of hypericum mysorense","authors":"H. Chandrasekhar, P. Raj, J. Rao, N. Udupa","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384082","url":null,"abstract":"Methanolic extracts of different parts of Hyperium mysorense (HM) (Hypericaceae) namely aerial parts (HMA), flowering tops (HMF), leaf (HML), root (HMR) and stem (HMS) were screened for its in vitro and in vivo anti cancer activities. The short term toxicity studies were carried out against Ehrlich Ascitic Carcinoma (EAC) cells. Different concentrations of the HM extracts (1000 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 62.5 µg/ml and 31.25 µg/ml) were tested against EAC cells and the viability of the cells were estimated by trypan blue dye exclusion method. HMF and HML showed better activity with CTC50 value of 375.39 ± 11.83 and 393.64 ± 12.28 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo antitumor studies were carried out for active HMF and HML extracts using EAC induced Swiss Albino mice model. Two different concentrations of HMF and HML were tested in vivo and compared with 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) as standard. The animals of the tumor control group inoculated with EAC survived for a period of 18.66 ± 0.65 days. The treatment with the HMF at 100 and 400 mg/kg increased the Average life span (ALS) of animals by 22.33 ± 1.28 and 26.16 ± 1.75 (p≪0.01) days, respectively. HML at a dose of 100 and 400 mg/kg increased the ALS of animals by 19.50 ± 1.73 and 23.50 ± 1.18 days, respectively. The standard 5-FU at 20 mg/kg, significantly (p≪0.001) increased the life span to 30.33 ± 1.02 (p≪0.001) days.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130877294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384096
S. Lewis, V. Dave
The oral administration of aceclofenac has often resulted in side effects with chronic use. Using the transdermal route eliminates these side effects. Aceclofenac ethosomes were prepared and incorporated into a gel to enhance the skin permeability of aceclofenac. Ethosomal system comprised of phospholipids, ethanol, propylene glycol and lecithin. Different formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of lecithin and ethanol. The optical microscopy confirmed the formulation of multilamellar vesicles. The vesicle size of the ethosomes ranged between 0.696–1.140µm. Surface morphology was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. The entrapment efficiency was determined by centrifugation method. Effect of ethanol and lecithin concentration on entrapment of ethosomes was observed. Franz diffusion cell was used to evaluate the in vitro transdermal permeability of aceclofenac ethosomes. The studies were carried out using mouse skin as well as commercial sigma membrane. The in vitro drug permeation of the optimised formulation was compared with commercial conventional gel-Ziynac gel. The flux values of different ethosomal formulation were observed between 116.5µg/cm2/hr to 226.15µg/cm2 /hr. Formulation 5 showed maximum J value 226.1 as compared to marketed one 131.5µg/cm2 /hr. From the results of the present study it can be concluded that ethosomes improve the transdermal flux, prolong the release and represent an active carrier for sustained transdermal delivery.
{"title":"Aceclofenac ethosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery","authors":"S. Lewis, V. Dave","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384096","url":null,"abstract":"The oral administration of aceclofenac has often resulted in side effects with chronic use. Using the transdermal route eliminates these side effects. Aceclofenac ethosomes were prepared and incorporated into a gel to enhance the skin permeability of aceclofenac. Ethosomal system comprised of phospholipids, ethanol, propylene glycol and lecithin. Different formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of lecithin and ethanol. The optical microscopy confirmed the formulation of multilamellar vesicles. The vesicle size of the ethosomes ranged between 0.696–1.140µm. Surface morphology was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. The entrapment efficiency was determined by centrifugation method. Effect of ethanol and lecithin concentration on entrapment of ethosomes was observed. Franz diffusion cell was used to evaluate the in vitro transdermal permeability of aceclofenac ethosomes. The studies were carried out using mouse skin as well as commercial sigma membrane. The in vitro drug permeation of the optimised formulation was compared with commercial conventional gel-Ziynac gel. The flux values of different ethosomal formulation were observed between 116.5µg/cm2/hr to 226.15µg/cm2 /hr. Formulation 5 showed maximum J value 226.1 as compared to marketed one 131.5µg/cm2 /hr. From the results of the present study it can be concluded that ethosomes improve the transdermal flux, prolong the release and represent an active carrier for sustained transdermal delivery.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"445 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120881658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384104
H. Hsiu, Chia-Liang Hsu, Tsung-Lin Wu
Objective: Blood pressure (BP) waveform has important meaning in the study of circulatory diseases, but its noninvasive assessment is not sufficiently user-friendly for practical applications. In the present study, we try to build up a user-friendly PPG measurement system, and study the correlation between radial BP and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms Methods: User-friendliness of a self-made PPG measurement system was improved by applying an appropriate contacting pressure on the measured finger and adapting a hand-shape mold for the finger to put on. Finger PPG and radial-artery BP signals were then measured simultaneously and noninvasively on healthy volunteers (n=?). In frequency-domain analysis performed on each 1-minute recorded data sequence, the linear regression was applied to the calculated amplitude ratios between BP and PPG waveforms. Results: After a series of testing, the PPG measurement system was found to be user-friendly and has a good reproducibility in the frequency components within the measured PPG waveform. The BP-PPG regression of amplitude ratios were all significant (R2 values all ≫0.72) for the first three harmonics. Conclusion: In the present study we built up a user-friendly PPG measurement system, and developed a frequency-domain analysis method to study the correlation between BP and PPG waveforms. We hope that the noninvasive PPG measurement system and the frequency-domain waveform analysis can provide an alternative and a more user-friendly method to reconstruct the radial BP waveform, and hence broaden the application of BP waveform analysis, which may bring deeper understanding for important circulatory diseases.
{"title":"A preliminary study on the correlation of frequency components between finger PPG and radial arterial BP waveforms","authors":"H. Hsiu, Chia-Liang Hsu, Tsung-Lin Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384104","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Blood pressure (BP) waveform has important meaning in the study of circulatory diseases, but its noninvasive assessment is not sufficiently user-friendly for practical applications. In the present study, we try to build up a user-friendly PPG measurement system, and study the correlation between radial BP and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms Methods: User-friendliness of a self-made PPG measurement system was improved by applying an appropriate contacting pressure on the measured finger and adapting a hand-shape mold for the finger to put on. Finger PPG and radial-artery BP signals were then measured simultaneously and noninvasively on healthy volunteers (n=?). In frequency-domain analysis performed on each 1-minute recorded data sequence, the linear regression was applied to the calculated amplitude ratios between BP and PPG waveforms. Results: After a series of testing, the PPG measurement system was found to be user-friendly and has a good reproducibility in the frequency components within the measured PPG waveform. The BP-PPG regression of amplitude ratios were all significant (R2 values all ≫0.72) for the first three harmonics. Conclusion: In the present study we built up a user-friendly PPG measurement system, and developed a frequency-domain analysis method to study the correlation between BP and PPG waveforms. We hope that the noninvasive PPG measurement system and the frequency-domain waveform analysis can provide an alternative and a more user-friendly method to reconstruct the radial BP waveform, and hence broaden the application of BP waveform analysis, which may bring deeper understanding for important circulatory diseases.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"29 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127093109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384071
A. Rani, K. Venkatesh, P. Chakrapani
Diabetic mellitus was induced in adult wistar rats using the chemical compound streptozotocin which induces a type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with non-ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. The changes in MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose (by GOD method) levels in blood of both normal and diabetic rat were analyzed. Diabetes induced rats were treated with leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata which are of medicinal importance. Later after inducing diabetes the rats were treated with medicinal plants, Andrographis paniculata and Gymnema sylvestre which are well known for their anti diabetic and antioxidative property in order to control the glucose and MDA levels. The blood plasma of diabetic and normal rats was analyzed for the levels of MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose levels. Our experimental results indicated that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata as a dietary supplement, possesses antidiabetic effect with hyperglycemia as the major target. These suggest that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata can be used as a potential natural antidiabetic agent for treating and postponing the appearance of complications that arise due to Diabetics. Further studies are in progress to isolate, identify and characterize the active principles.
{"title":"Biochemical studies on the effect of medicinal plants gymnema and andrographis species on diabetes induced wistar rats","authors":"A. Rani, K. Venkatesh, P. Chakrapani","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384071","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic mellitus was induced in adult wistar rats using the chemical compound streptozotocin which induces a type of diabetes which is similar to diabetes mellitus with non-ketosis hyperglycemia in some animal species. The changes in MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose (by GOD method) levels in blood of both normal and diabetic rat were analyzed. Diabetes induced rats were treated with leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata which are of medicinal importance. Later after inducing diabetes the rats were treated with medicinal plants, Andrographis paniculata and Gymnema sylvestre which are well known for their anti diabetic and antioxidative property in order to control the glucose and MDA levels. The blood plasma of diabetic and normal rats was analyzed for the levels of MDA (lipid peroxidation) and glucose levels. Our experimental results indicated that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata as a dietary supplement, possesses antidiabetic effect with hyperglycemia as the major target. These suggest that Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata can be used as a potential natural antidiabetic agent for treating and postponing the appearance of complications that arise due to Diabetics. Further studies are in progress to isolate, identify and characterize the active principles.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124101713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384074
C. Ghule, D. Wakde, Gurjinder S. Virdi
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new multipurpose human machine interface (HMI) designed using higher level language. Unlike any other software, wherein if hardware is changed; there is a need to bring subsequent change in the software; this HMI can be used as a general purpose software for ECG analysis with any kind of hardware. The same analyzing system can be used to perform allied other functions. It is used to filter the signal coming from the hardware so as to eradicate any kind of noise present. It not only displays the 12 lead ECG signals on the LCD screen but simultaneously stores it in the memory of the system. Further the ECG analysis system analyzes the stored signal to calculate heart rate, P wave and T wave interval, QRS complex interval, presence of PVCs and other abnormalities, and display the arrhythmia. Finally this software makes use of the GSM module or internet protocol defined so as to send SMS to medical expert, giving details of the possible arrhythmia and asking for possible remark.
{"title":"Design of HMI for multipurpose electrocardiography using higher level language (Visual C++)","authors":"C. Ghule, D. Wakde, Gurjinder S. Virdi","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384074","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to introduce a new multipurpose human machine interface (HMI) designed using higher level language. Unlike any other software, wherein if hardware is changed; there is a need to bring subsequent change in the software; this HMI can be used as a general purpose software for ECG analysis with any kind of hardware. The same analyzing system can be used to perform allied other functions. It is used to filter the signal coming from the hardware so as to eradicate any kind of noise present. It not only displays the 12 lead ECG signals on the LCD screen but simultaneously stores it in the memory of the system. Further the ECG analysis system analyzes the stored signal to calculate heart rate, P wave and T wave interval, QRS complex interval, presence of PVCs and other abnormalities, and display the arrhythmia. Finally this software makes use of the GSM module or internet protocol defined so as to send SMS to medical expert, giving details of the possible arrhythmia and asking for possible remark.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127748257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384103
V. Murray, A. Galea
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents and is utilised to treat testicular and ovarian carcinomas as well as certain sarcomas and lymphomas. However, despite its clinical success, cisplatin treatment is still associated with a number of dose-limiting toxic side effects. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular events that are important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin, using gene expression profiling techniques. Cisplatin acts by forming covalent adducts with DNA. As well as inhibiting DNA replication and cell division, cisplatin DNA adducts also affect the level of transcription of human genes. In our study we found hundreds of human genes that were down-regulated in response to cisplatin as well genes that were up-regulated. We utilised a particularly powerful analysis technique to reveal the genes that were important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin. This involved the cisplatin analogue, transplatin, that although it produces DNA adducts, it does not have any anti-tumour activity. Hence by comparing the gene expression profiles of cisplatin and transplatin, the genes that are important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin can be revealed. Using this technique, we identified 27 genes that were up-regulated and 12 genes that were down-regulated, in response to cisplatin (but not transplatin) treatment of human cells. Ultimately, the identification of gene expression responses unique to cisplatin, could greatly benefit the design and development of improved cancer chemotherapeutics.
{"title":"The unique gene expression profile of the anti-tumour agent, cisplatin, compared with its clinically ineffective isomer, transplatin","authors":"V. Murray, A. Galea","doi":"10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBPE.2009.5384103","url":null,"abstract":"Cisplatin is one of the most widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agents and is utilised to treat testicular and ovarian carcinomas as well as certain sarcomas and lymphomas. However, despite its clinical success, cisplatin treatment is still associated with a number of dose-limiting toxic side effects. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular events that are important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin, using gene expression profiling techniques. Cisplatin acts by forming covalent adducts with DNA. As well as inhibiting DNA replication and cell division, cisplatin DNA adducts also affect the level of transcription of human genes. In our study we found hundreds of human genes that were down-regulated in response to cisplatin as well genes that were up-regulated. We utilised a particularly powerful analysis technique to reveal the genes that were important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin. This involved the cisplatin analogue, transplatin, that although it produces DNA adducts, it does not have any anti-tumour activity. Hence by comparing the gene expression profiles of cisplatin and transplatin, the genes that are important in the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin can be revealed. Using this technique, we identified 27 genes that were up-regulated and 12 genes that were down-regulated, in response to cisplatin (but not transplatin) treatment of human cells. Ultimately, the identification of gene expression responses unique to cisplatin, could greatly benefit the design and development of improved cancer chemotherapeutics.","PeriodicalId":384086,"journal":{"name":"2009 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114719173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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