{"title":"Kocku von Stuckrad: Die Seele im 20. Jahrhundert: Eine Kulturgeschichte (München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2019), 279 S. ISBN 978-3770564378, € 29,90.","authors":"Jens Schlieter","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"29 1","pages":"338 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48499676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dorothea Lüddeckens & Monika Schrimpf, Hg.: Medicine – Religion – Spirituality. Global Perspectives on Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Healing (Bielefeld: Transcript, 2018), 274 S., ISBN 978-3-8376-4582-8, 39,99 €, Open Access.","authors":"Benedikt J. Kastner","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"29 1","pages":"335 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47756537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Johannes Gleixner: „Menschheitsreligionen“. T. G. Masaryk, A. V. Lunačarskij und die religiöse Herausforderung revolutionärer Staaten (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2017), 269 S., ISBN 978-3-525-31034-2 (hbk), € 70,00, ISBN 978-3-647-31034-3 (e-book), € 59,99.","authors":"D. Schuster","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"52 3","pages":"349 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41302991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zusammenfassung Die moderne Religionsgeschichte hat Mazdak, Anführer einer sozioreligiösen Reformbewegung im Sasanidenreich, auf divergierende Weise konzeptualisiert. Insbesondere die diskrepanten Quellenhinweise auf angeblich von Mazdak geforderte Frauen- und Gütergemeinschaften eröffneten Spielraum, eigene, zumeist anachronistische und somit problematische Vorannahmen in Bezug auf das Verhältnis von sogenannten ‚sozialen‘ und ‚religiösen‘ Faktoren der Reformbewegung zu projizieren. Die in Bezug auf Mazdak besonders deutlich hervortretende Problematik nachträglicher Zuschreibungen und narrativer Überlagerungen unterstreicht die grundsätzliche Notwendigkeit, Forschungsgeschichte und Begrifflichkeiten konsequent zu historisieren, und schliesst damit an die übergeordnete Fragestellung an, wie historische Gegenstände (re-)konstruiert werden können.
{"title":"Kommunist, Häretiker, Rebell","authors":"Linda Eichenberger","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2019-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2019-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die moderne Religionsgeschichte hat Mazdak, Anführer einer sozioreligiösen Reformbewegung im Sasanidenreich, auf divergierende Weise konzeptualisiert. Insbesondere die diskrepanten Quellenhinweise auf angeblich von Mazdak geforderte Frauen- und Gütergemeinschaften eröffneten Spielraum, eigene, zumeist anachronistische und somit problematische Vorannahmen in Bezug auf das Verhältnis von sogenannten ‚sozialen‘ und ‚religiösen‘ Faktoren der Reformbewegung zu projizieren. Die in Bezug auf Mazdak besonders deutlich hervortretende Problematik nachträglicher Zuschreibungen und narrativer Überlagerungen unterstreicht die grundsätzliche Notwendigkeit, Forschungsgeschichte und Begrifflichkeiten konsequent zu historisieren, und schliesst damit an die übergeordnete Fragestellung an, wie historische Gegenstände (re-)konstruiert werden können.","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"237 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zfr-2019-0029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42401845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Taking the example of the Basel carnival Fasnacht, the paper shows in what way ritual can maintain the impression of being traditional and unchanging, and yet be open to changes and innovations. As the basic conceptual framework we use the notion of liminality, which Victor Turner identified as the creative moment of ritual. In Fasnacht, this liminal dimension appears in two degrees. The carnival as such represents a reflexive liminal counterpart to the standard social structure, yet it is itself also highly structured and bound by conservative traditional rules. As a reaction to this, there arises within Fasnacht a second-order liminality in the form of the so-called wild Fasnacht, which turns the official antistructural Fasnacht rules upside down once again, testing their validity. While the carnival structure offers a regulated opportunity for questioning everyday social behaviour, wild Fasnacht questions even this regulated manner of questioning as such, opening space for its reflection and modification. We use detailed examples to demonstrate how the subtle dialectics of structure and antistructure keeps the tradition of Basel’s Fasnacht alive and allows it to evolve without destroying its aura of traditionality.
{"title":"Second-Order Liminality: Dynamics of Ritual Change in the Basel Fasnacht","authors":"O. Cieslarová, R. Chlup","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2019-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2019-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taking the example of the Basel carnival Fasnacht, the paper shows in what way ritual can maintain the impression of being traditional and unchanging, and yet be open to changes and innovations. As the basic conceptual framework we use the notion of liminality, which Victor Turner identified as the creative moment of ritual. In Fasnacht, this liminal dimension appears in two degrees. The carnival as such represents a reflexive liminal counterpart to the standard social structure, yet it is itself also highly structured and bound by conservative traditional rules. As a reaction to this, there arises within Fasnacht a second-order liminality in the form of the so-called wild Fasnacht, which turns the official antistructural Fasnacht rules upside down once again, testing their validity. While the carnival structure offers a regulated opportunity for questioning everyday social behaviour, wild Fasnacht questions even this regulated manner of questioning as such, opening space for its reflection and modification. We use detailed examples to demonstrate how the subtle dialectics of structure and antistructure keeps the tradition of Basel’s Fasnacht alive and allows it to evolve without destroying its aura of traditionality.","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"276 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zfr-2019-0036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Schmidt: Pilger, Popen und Propheten. Eine Religionsgeschichte Osteuropas (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2014), 293 S., Abb., ISBN 978-3-506-77265-7 (Print), ISBN 978-3-657-77265-0 (E-Book), € 41,91. Martina Thomsen, Hg.: Religionsgeschichtliche Studien zum östlichen Europa. Festschrift für Ludwig Steindorff zum 65. Geburtstag. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa, 85 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017), 364 S., Abb., ISBN 978-3-515-11768-5 (Print), € 64,00.
朝圣者，牧师和先知。一个宗教历史东欧(Paderborn:费迪南德Schöningh, 2014), 293 S .图三.书978-3-506-77265-7(平面),书978-3-657-77265-0(电子书)、€41.91 .汤姆生，Hg:关于东部欧洲的宗教历史研究她给65岁的路德维希·施泰因多尔夫留下的字条.生日来源和东部欧洲文明的历史初步研究85(斯图加特:弗兰茨·施泰纳出版社,2017),月前S .图三.书978-3-515-11768-5(平面),€64.00 .
{"title":"Review Essay: Europäische Religionsgeschichte von Ost und West – ein Forschungsdesiderat der Religionswissenschaft","authors":"Vasilios N. Makrides","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Christoph Schmidt: Pilger, Popen und Propheten. Eine Religionsgeschichte Osteuropas (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2014), 293 S., Abb., ISBN 978-3-506-77265-7 (Print), ISBN 978-3-657-77265-0 (E-Book), € 41,91. Martina Thomsen, Hg.: Religionsgeschichtliche Studien zum östlichen Europa. Festschrift für Ludwig Steindorff zum 65. Geburtstag. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa, 85 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017), 364 S., Abb., ISBN 978-3-515-11768-5 (Print), € 64,00.","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"351 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zfr-2020-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46114240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article discusses the connection between theory formation and historical research in the study of religion. It presupposes that the study of religion is conceived of as an empirical discipline. The empirical basis of theories is provided primarily by historical research, including research in the very recent past, that is, the present time. Research in the history of religions, therefore, is an indispensable part of the study of religion. However, in recent discussions on the methods, aims, and theoretical presuppositions of the discipline, research in the history of religions largely is ignored. To shed some light on this blind spot, the article builds on the philosophy of science of Critical Realism. While the first part deals with the role of historical research in theoretical discourses of the discipline, the second part explains fundamental ontological and epistemological positions of Critical Realism and their implications for empirical research. On this basis, some methodological problems of theory formation in the study of religion are discussed in the third part. In particular, it is argued that it is impossible to validate empirically theories of religion that aim to explain what religion is. The concluding part sketches ways of theory formation in the study of religion that does not take religion as the explanandum but as the theoretical perspective that guides research.
{"title":"Theory of Religion and Historical Research. A Critical Realist Perspective on the Study of Religion as an Empirical Discipline","authors":"H. Seiwert","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article discusses the connection between theory formation and historical research in the study of religion. It presupposes that the study of religion is conceived of as an empirical discipline. The empirical basis of theories is provided primarily by historical research, including research in the very recent past, that is, the present time. Research in the history of religions, therefore, is an indispensable part of the study of religion. However, in recent discussions on the methods, aims, and theoretical presuppositions of the discipline, research in the history of religions largely is ignored. To shed some light on this blind spot, the article builds on the philosophy of science of Critical Realism. While the first part deals with the role of historical research in theoretical discourses of the discipline, the second part explains fundamental ontological and epistemological positions of Critical Realism and their implications for empirical research. On this basis, some methodological problems of theory formation in the study of religion are discussed in the third part. In particular, it is argued that it is impossible to validate empirically theories of religion that aim to explain what religion is. The concluding part sketches ways of theory formation in the study of religion that does not take religion as the explanandum but as the theoretical perspective that guides research.","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"207 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zfr-2020-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44365037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Übersetzungen des Korans ins Lateinische und in europäische Sprachen haben eine lange Geschichte. Bis in das 19. Jahrhundert hinein war die geistige Grundhaltung dabei die Bestrebung, zeigen zu wollen, welche Irrlehren Muḥammad mit seinem Buch verbreitet habe. Die Sprachkraft des Korans und sein ästhetischer Stil blieb unberücksichtigt. Deutsche Koranübersetzungen, die bis zu diesem Datum entstanden sind, wurden von Sachkundigen scharf kritisiert, da sie oft paraphrasierender Natur waren und dem prophetischen Charakter und der Dichterkunst, die sich im Koran finden lasse, nicht gerecht würden. Kein Geringerer als Goethe ist es, der diese Kritik und den Wunsch danach äußert, dass eine deutsche Übersetzung angefertigt werde, die dem ästhetischen Charakter des Korans gerecht wird. Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866), deutscher Orientalist und Dichter, stellte sich dieser Herausforderung und fertigte Übersetzungen als „Aus-
{"title":"Hartmut Bobzin, Hg.: Der Koran, in der Übersetzung von Friedrich Rückert. Mit erklärenden Anmerkungen von Wolfdietrich Fischer, (Baden-Baden: Ergon Verlag, 5. Auflage, 2018).","authors":"Serdar Kurnaz","doi":"10.1515/zfr-2020-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2020-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Übersetzungen des Korans ins Lateinische und in europäische Sprachen haben eine lange Geschichte. Bis in das 19. Jahrhundert hinein war die geistige Grundhaltung dabei die Bestrebung, zeigen zu wollen, welche Irrlehren Muḥammad mit seinem Buch verbreitet habe. Die Sprachkraft des Korans und sein ästhetischer Stil blieb unberücksichtigt. Deutsche Koranübersetzungen, die bis zu diesem Datum entstanden sind, wurden von Sachkundigen scharf kritisiert, da sie oft paraphrasierender Natur waren und dem prophetischen Charakter und der Dichterkunst, die sich im Koran finden lasse, nicht gerecht würden. Kein Geringerer als Goethe ist es, der diese Kritik und den Wunsch danach äußert, dass eine deutsche Übersetzung angefertigt werde, die dem ästhetischen Charakter des Korans gerecht wird. Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866), deutscher Orientalist und Dichter, stellte sich dieser Herausforderung und fertigte Übersetzungen als „Aus-","PeriodicalId":38422,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift fur Religionswissenschaft","volume":"28 1","pages":"347 - 351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/zfr-2020-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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