Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99651
Maristella Martineli, A. Castricini, Julia Lavínia Oliveira Santos, Loranny Danielle Pereira, Camila Maida de Albuquerque Maranhão
Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. or “coquinho azedo” is a native palm species of the Brazilian savannah, bears fruits which are sold fresh or as frozen pulp. This study examined postharvest changes in “coquinho azedo” harvested at a commercially immature stage and later evaluated the quality of these fruits by comparing them with those harvested fully ripe. Fruit purchased in the 2020 harvest in Santo Antônio do Retiro, MG (Brazil), were harvested at different degrees of maturity, namely, commercially immature and ripe, according to the point of harvest adopted in the region. For 7 d, weight loss, skin color and respiratory activity were evaluated in the commercially immature-harvested fruits. At 7 d postharvest, physical and chemical evaluations of the pulp were performed. The ripe-harvested fruits were subjected to the same evaluations, but only at 1 d postharvest. The skin color of commercially immature-harvested fruits tended to yellow over the days. Respiration postharvest increased in the immature-harvested fruits. Fresh weight loss exceeded 10% but without compromising appearance. The commercially immature-harvested fruits had 55% more total phenols, whereas the ripe-harvested fruits had higher soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents. Pulp color, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and total carotenoid contents were similar regardless of the degree of maturity at harvest. During the days after the harvest of the commercially immature “coquinho azedo”, changes take place which cause them to resemble the fruit harvested ripe. Based on the evaluated traits, the early harvest did not compromise the ripening of the fruits.
Butia capitata(市场)Becc。或“coquinho azedo”是巴西大草原的一种本地棕榈树，其果实以新鲜或冷冻的果肉出售。本研究考察了在商业上未成熟阶段收获的“coquinho azedo”果实的采后变化，随后通过将这些果实与完全成熟的果实进行比较来评估这些果实的质量。在巴西MG Santo Antônio do Retiro购买的2020年收获的水果，根据该地区采用的采收点，收获了不同的成熟度，即商业上不成熟和成熟。在第7天，对商业未成熟果实的体重减轻、皮肤颜色和呼吸活动进行了评估。在采收后7 d，对牙髓进行物理和化学评价。成熟的果实也接受同样的评价，但只在采后1d。商业上未成熟的水果的表皮在几天后会变黄。未成熟果实采后呼吸作用增加。新鲜体重减轻超过10%，但不影响外观。未成熟果实的总酚含量高出55%，而成熟果实的可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量较高。果肉颜色、可溶性固形物/可滴定酸度比和总类胡萝卜素含量在收获时与成熟度无关。在商业上未成熟的“coquinho azedo”收获后的几天里，会发生变化，使它们看起来像成熟的水果。根据评价的性状，早熟不影响果实的成熟。
{"title":"Quality of Butia capitata fruits harvested at different maturity stages","authors":"Maristella Martineli, A. Castricini, Julia Lavínia Oliveira Santos, Loranny Danielle Pereira, Camila Maida de Albuquerque Maranhão","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99651","url":null,"abstract":"Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. or “coquinho azedo” is a native palm species of the Brazilian savannah, bears fruits which are sold fresh or as frozen pulp. This study examined postharvest changes in “coquinho azedo” harvested at a commercially immature stage and later evaluated the quality of these fruits by comparing them with those harvested fully ripe. Fruit purchased in the 2020 harvest in Santo Antônio do Retiro, MG (Brazil), were harvested at different degrees of maturity, namely, commercially immature and ripe, according to the point of harvest adopted in the region. For 7 d, weight loss, skin color and respiratory activity were evaluated in the commercially immature-harvested fruits. At 7 d postharvest, physical and chemical evaluations of the pulp were performed. The ripe-harvested fruits were subjected to the same evaluations, but only at 1 d postharvest. The skin color of commercially immature-harvested fruits tended to yellow over the days. Respiration postharvest increased in the immature-harvested fruits. Fresh weight loss exceeded 10% but without compromising appearance. The commercially immature-harvested fruits had 55% more total phenols, whereas the ripe-harvested fruits had higher soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents. Pulp color, soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and total carotenoid contents were similar regardless of the degree of maturity at harvest. During the days after the harvest of the commercially immature “coquinho azedo”, changes take place which cause them to resemble the fruit harvested ripe. Based on the evaluated traits, the early harvest did not compromise the ripening of the fruits.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45064650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100319
Roberto Tadashi Sakazaki, Edvan Alves Chagas, Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez, Pollyana Cardoso Chagas, Maria da Conceição Rocha de Araujo, João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto, M. Grigio, Luiz Guilherme Carvalho Zborowski, Raphael Henrique Da Silva Siqueira, Jorge Zamir Erazo Amaya
Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), a fruit from the Amazon region, has received attention due to its high content of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols. This study’s objective was to select camu-camu clones according to their morphological characteristics using multivariate analyses. We evaluated 56 camu-camu clones distributed in three blocks with two plants per experimental plot. The variables measured were plant height (H), number of basal branches (NBB), number of terminal buds (NTB), basal stem diameter (BSD), chlorophylls a (Chl a) and b (Chl b), and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b). Principal component (PCA) and multivariate clustering analyses were performed using the average linkage mean and Mahalanobis distance algorithms. After 24 months, results showed that the characteristic that least contributed to clone selection was NBB. The plant height (H), number of terminal buds (NTB), basal stem diameter (BSD), chlorophylls a (Chl a) and b (Chl b), and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) had the most positive contribution towards the initial selection of camu-camu clones at two years of age. The 22 camu-camu clones showed the highest rate of vegetative development or vegetative quality index (VQI) in the transitional savanna/forest area of the northern Amazon, Brazil, after two years of transplanting.
{"title":"Selection of Myrciaria dubia clones under conditions of the savanna/forest transition of Roraima through multivariate analysis","authors":"Roberto Tadashi Sakazaki, Edvan Alves Chagas, Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez, Pollyana Cardoso Chagas, Maria da Conceição Rocha de Araujo, João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto, M. Grigio, Luiz Guilherme Carvalho Zborowski, Raphael Henrique Da Silva Siqueira, Jorge Zamir Erazo Amaya","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100319","url":null,"abstract":"Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), a fruit from the Amazon region, has received attention due to its high content of antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols. This study’s objective was to select camu-camu clones according to their morphological characteristics using multivariate analyses. We evaluated 56 camu-camu clones distributed in three blocks with two plants per experimental plot. The variables measured were plant height (H), number of basal branches (NBB), number of terminal buds (NTB), basal stem diameter (BSD), chlorophylls a (Chl a) and b (Chl b), and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b). Principal component (PCA) and multivariate clustering analyses were performed using the average linkage mean and Mahalanobis distance algorithms. After 24 months, results showed that the characteristic that least contributed to clone selection was NBB. The plant height (H), number of terminal buds (NTB), basal stem diameter (BSD), chlorophylls a (Chl a) and b (Chl b), and total chlorophyll (Chl a + b) had the most positive contribution towards the initial selection of camu-camu clones at two years of age. The 22 camu-camu clones showed the highest rate of vegetative development or vegetative quality index (VQI) in the transitional savanna/forest area of the northern Amazon, Brazil, after two years of transplanting.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98502
Claudia Andrea Martínez Cárdenas, H. E. Balaguera-López, Jorge Armando Fonseca Carreño
Sonchus oleraceus L. is a persistent weed in horticultural crops that generates high economic losses and its management is carried out with various chemical molecules. The objective of this research was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity effect of the extract of Campomanesia lineatifolia seeds on the germination and growth of S. oleraceus L. seedlings. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, germination was evaluated with two experiments, the first consisted of the addition of the ethanolic extract of C. lineatifolia every third day, in the second experiment the extract was only added at planting. In both cases, four concentrations of the extract (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) were evaluated. In the second phase, the same extracts were applied to plant leaves. C. lineatifolia extract inhibited the germination of S. oleraceus, when applied only once at sowing. As there was no germination with the extracts of C. lineatifolia, no direct inhibitory effect on the growth of the seedlings could be seen on the number of leaves, length of roots, and stem. With the foliar application, an incidence of 100% with symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis was observed using any of the concentrations evaluated, but the applications did not cause the plant death. The ethanolic extract from the seeds of C. lineatifolia has bioherbicide activity on S. oleraceus.
{"title":"Bioherbicidal activity of seed extract of Campomanesia lineatifolia on the weed Sonchus oleraceus L.","authors":"Claudia Andrea Martínez Cárdenas, H. E. Balaguera-López, Jorge Armando Fonseca Carreño","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98502","url":null,"abstract":"Sonchus oleraceus L. is a persistent weed in horticultural crops that generates high economic losses and its management is carried out with various chemical molecules. The objective of this research was to evaluate the bioherbicidal activity effect of the extract of Campomanesia lineatifolia seeds on the germination and growth of S. oleraceus L. seedlings. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, germination was evaluated with two experiments, the first consisted of the addition of the ethanolic extract of C. lineatifolia every third day, in the second experiment the extract was only added at planting. In both cases, four concentrations of the extract (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) were evaluated. In the second phase, the same extracts were applied to plant leaves. C. lineatifolia extract inhibited the germination of S. oleraceus, when applied only once at sowing. As there was no germination with the extracts of C. lineatifolia, no direct inhibitory effect on the growth of the seedlings could be seen on the number of leaves, length of roots, and stem. With the foliar application, an incidence of 100% with symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis was observed using any of the concentrations evaluated, but the applications did not cause the plant death. The ethanolic extract from the seeds of C. lineatifolia has bioherbicide activity on S. oleraceus.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48332397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99136
A. Albrecht, A. F. M. Silva, F. H. Krenchinski, L. Albrecht, B. F. Giovanelli, Katle Samaya Wobeto, V. G. C. Pereira, R. Victoria-Filho
Glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine do not affect the growth and development of glyphosate and glufosinate-tolerant (RR2/LL) maize; however, the results are less consolidated for these herbicides applied in mixtures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of post-emergent application of glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine, alone and in mixtures, on the growth and development of the RR2/LL maize. The treatments consisted of the application of glyphosate (1080 g of acid equivalent [ae] ha-1), glufosinate (500 g of active ingredient [ai] ha-1), atrazine (2000 g [ai] ha-1), glyphosate + glufosinate, glyphosate + atrazine, glufosinate + atrazine, glyphosate + glufosinate + atrazine, and the control (without application). The experiment was carried out in two locations under greenhouse conditions with different maize hybrids. Crop injury and variables of the agronomic performance (height, stem diameter, chlorophyll indexes, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root dry weight, and total dry weight) were evaluated. Herbicides applied alone or in binary mixtures did not cause major damage. However, the application of the three associated herbicides in some situations might result in detrimental effects on the development of the RR2/LL maize.
草甘膦、草甘膦和阿特拉津不影响草甘膦和耐草甘膦玉米(RR2/LL)的生长发育;然而，这些除草剂混合使用的结果不太统一。本研究的目的是评价草甘膦、草甘膦和阿特拉津在苗期后单独施用和混合施用对RR2/LL玉米生长发育的影响。处理包括施用草甘膦(1080 g酸等量[ae] ha-1)、草甘膦(500 g活性成分[ai] ha-1)、阿特拉津(2000 g [ai] ha-1)、草甘膦+草甘膦、草甘膦+阿特拉津、草甘膦+草甘膦+阿特拉津、草甘膦+草甘膦+阿特拉津、草甘膦+草甘膦+阿特拉津和对照(不施用)。试验在两个温室条件下进行，采用不同的玉米杂交种。对作物危害及农艺性能变量(株高、茎粗、叶绿素指数、地上部鲜干重、根系干重、总干重)进行了评价。除草剂单独使用或二元混合使用不会造成重大损害。然而，在某些情况下，三种相关除草剂的施用可能会对RR2/LL玉米的生长产生不利影响。
{"title":"Growth, development, and chlorophyll indexes of glyphosate and glufosinate-tolerant maize under herbicide application","authors":"A. Albrecht, A. F. M. Silva, F. H. Krenchinski, L. Albrecht, B. F. Giovanelli, Katle Samaya Wobeto, V. G. C. Pereira, R. Victoria-Filho","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99136","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine do not affect the growth and development of glyphosate and glufosinate-tolerant (RR2/LL) maize; however, the results are less consolidated for these herbicides applied in mixtures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of post-emergent application of glyphosate, glufosinate, and atrazine, alone and in mixtures, on the growth and development of the RR2/LL maize. The treatments consisted of the application of glyphosate (1080 g of acid equivalent [ae] ha-1), glufosinate (500 g of active ingredient [ai] ha-1), atrazine (2000 g [ai] ha-1), glyphosate + glufosinate, glyphosate + atrazine, glufosinate + atrazine, glyphosate + glufosinate + atrazine, and the control (without application). The experiment was carried out in two locations under greenhouse conditions with different maize hybrids. Crop injury and variables of the agronomic performance (height, stem diameter, chlorophyll indexes, fresh and dry weight of shoot, root dry weight, and total dry weight) were evaluated. Herbicides applied alone or in binary mixtures did not cause major damage. However, the application of the three associated herbicides in some situations might result in detrimental effects on the development of the RR2/LL maize.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105778
Fabiola Rubí León-Rojas, Deyna Valderrama-Palacios, Ricardo Borjas-Ventura, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, A. Julca-Otiniano, Lourdes Tapia y Figueroa, V. Castro-Cepero, Sara Malpica Ninahuanca, Alan Cardoza-Sánchez
Coffee is an important product in the world, essential for thousands of producing families. However, climate change has generated variations in temperature and precipitation that negatively impact the maturation of crops. To quantify the combined effect of drought stress and elevated temperatures, plants of Coffea arabica cv. Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5 were evaluated under the climatic conditions of La Molina, Peru, with four treatments (WT: 100% available water + air temperature (22.7°C); -WT: < 50% available water + air temperature (22.7°C); W+T: 100% available water + elevated air temperature (22.7 + 2.5°C), and –W+T: < 50% available water + elevated air temperature (22.7 + 2.5°C)). In general, morphological indices were decreased by -WT and –W+T (P≤0.05). Plants subjected to -W+T, significantly affected quality indices like root:shoot ratio, robustness, and Dickson (P≤0.05). The -WT plants had a nitrogen content of 2.46%, the highest nitrogen content compared to other treatments. Isolated and combined stress had negative differential effects on plant development, and water scarcity (as an individual factor) was the repercussion, in most cases, that was more prominent than the effect of high temperature.
{"title":"Low water availability has a greater influence on the development of coffee seedlings than an increase in temperature","authors":"Fabiola Rubí León-Rojas, Deyna Valderrama-Palacios, Ricardo Borjas-Ventura, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, A. Julca-Otiniano, Lourdes Tapia y Figueroa, V. Castro-Cepero, Sara Malpica Ninahuanca, Alan Cardoza-Sánchez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105778","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee is an important product in the world, essential for thousands of producing families. However, climate change has generated variations in temperature and precipitation that negatively impact the maturation of crops. To quantify the combined effect of drought stress and elevated temperatures, plants of Coffea arabica cv. Ouro Verde IAC H5010-5 were evaluated under the climatic conditions of La Molina, Peru, with four treatments (WT: 100% available water + air temperature (22.7°C); -WT: < 50% available water + air temperature (22.7°C); W+T: 100% available water + elevated air temperature (22.7 + 2.5°C), and –W+T: < 50% available water + elevated air temperature (22.7 + 2.5°C)). In general, morphological indices were decreased by -WT and –W+T (P≤0.05). Plants subjected to -W+T, significantly affected quality indices like root:shoot ratio, robustness, and Dickson (P≤0.05). The -WT plants had a nitrogen content of 2.46%, the highest nitrogen content compared to other treatments. Isolated and combined stress had negative differential effects on plant development, and water scarcity (as an individual factor) was the repercussion, in most cases, that was more prominent than the effect of high temperature.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49196163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98797
O. I. Monsalve Camacho, M. C. Henao Toro
Some authors raise concerns about the validity, reliability, and transparency of indicator selection in agricultural sustainability assessments. In this regard, several selection criteria have been put forward for sustainability assessments at the farm, regional, country, or planet levels. However, assessments at the plot or experimental unit level require, in addition to the adaptation of these criteria or the generation of new ones, the construction of a selection methodology. Thus, the aim of this study was to build a framework for selecting the minimum set of indicators that will be part of the agricultural sustainability analyses at the plot or experimental unit level. A hierarchical order of indicators was established, consisting of raw, baseline, and core indicators; the latter made up the minimum indicators set (MIS). Subsequently, selection procedures and criteria were established, consisting of mandatory, main non-mandatory, alternative non-mandatory, and correlation indicators. The selection method was evaluated with the results of a greenhouse tomato fertilization study. Of the 40 raw indicators with which the analysis began, the MIS was made up of eight core indicators: three environmental, four social, and one economic. This indicator selection method uses a rigorous process, with 22 selection criteria, distributed in four hierarchical groups. At the same time, it promotes less subjectivity, by including statistical analysis, algorithms, and mathematical processes.
{"title":"Selection of the minimum indicator set for agricultural sustainability assessments at the plot scale","authors":"O. I. Monsalve Camacho, M. C. Henao Toro","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98797","url":null,"abstract":"Some authors raise concerns about the validity, reliability, and transparency of indicator selection in agricultural sustainability assessments. In this regard, several selection criteria have been put forward for sustainability assessments at the farm, regional, country, or planet levels. However, assessments at the plot or experimental unit level require, in addition to the adaptation of these criteria or the generation of new ones, the construction of a selection methodology. Thus, the aim of this study was to build a framework for selecting the minimum set of indicators that will be part of the agricultural sustainability analyses at the plot or experimental unit level. A hierarchical order of indicators was established, consisting of raw, baseline, and core indicators; the latter made up the minimum indicators set (MIS). Subsequently, selection procedures and criteria were established, consisting of mandatory, main non-mandatory, alternative non-mandatory, and correlation indicators. The selection method was evaluated with the results of a greenhouse tomato fertilization study. Of the 40 raw indicators with which the analysis began, the MIS was made up of eight core indicators: three environmental, four social, and one economic. This indicator selection method uses a rigorous process, with 22 selection criteria, distributed in four hierarchical groups. At the same time, it promotes less subjectivity, by including statistical analysis, algorithms, and mathematical processes.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-26DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105089
J. Figueroa-Flórez, Eduardo David Arroyo Dagobeth, Edith Cadena-Chamorro, E. Rodríguez-Sandoval, J. Salcedo-Mendoza, H. Ciro-Velásquez
Cassava starch is modified to increase porosity and lacerations that are limited when only enzymatic treatments are used. This study proposes to improve enzymatic activity of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase on the polymer chains of cassava starch by implementing physical and thermal pretreatments below the gelatinization temperature and before the hydrolytic process. The pretreatments increased the biocatalytic action of the enzymes, causing significant changes in the morphology of the granules, and superficial lacerations were found in samples of starches pretreated with ultrasound (UTS) or annealing and ultra-rapid freezing (ANN-C). At the structural level, the modified starches revealed substantial changes as the infrared spectra reflected a displacement of the absorption bands in the region from 900 to 1100 cm-1. This is associated with an alteration and reorganization of the amorphous and crystalline zones of the granules and is consistent with a decrease in amylose content (from 19.53% to 17.64%) and an increase in the crystallinity index. The thermal behavior of the starches was also modified by increasing the peak temperature (from 68.22°C to 75.38°C) and reducing the gelatinization enthalpy (from 19.34 to 15.79 J/g). UTS and ANN-C pretreatments significantly improved the mesoporous and hydrophilic properties of the modified cassava starches.
{"title":"Effect of physical and thermal pretreatments on enzymatic activity in the production of microporous cassava starch","authors":"J. Figueroa-Flórez, Eduardo David Arroyo Dagobeth, Edith Cadena-Chamorro, E. Rodríguez-Sandoval, J. Salcedo-Mendoza, H. Ciro-Velásquez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105089","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava starch is modified to increase porosity and lacerations that are limited when only enzymatic treatments are used. This study proposes to improve enzymatic activity of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase on the polymer chains of cassava starch by implementing physical and thermal pretreatments below the gelatinization temperature and before the hydrolytic process. The pretreatments increased the biocatalytic action of the enzymes, causing significant changes in the morphology of the granules, and superficial lacerations were found in samples of starches pretreated with ultrasound (UTS) or annealing and ultra-rapid freezing (ANN-C). At the structural level, the modified starches revealed substantial changes as the infrared spectra reflected a displacement of the absorption bands in the region from 900 to 1100 cm-1. This is associated with an alteration and reorganization of the amorphous and crystalline zones of the granules and is consistent with a decrease in amylose content (from 19.53% to 17.64%) and an increase in the crystallinity index. The thermal behavior of the starches was also modified by increasing the peak temperature (from 68.22°C to 75.38°C) and reducing the gelatinization enthalpy (from 19.34 to 15.79 J/g). UTS and ANN-C pretreatments significantly improved the mesoporous and hydrophilic properties of the modified cassava starches.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41885636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95461
R. Vieira, Vera Lúcia Ferracini, A. Silveira, R. Pazianotto
The use of phosphate fertilizers is generally required for normal growth and development of crops. The cost of manufactured phosphate fertilizers has increased drastically in recent years and these are becoming out of reach for low-income farmers. The objective of this research was to select phosphate-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing bacteria to improve the growth and P uptake by the common bean (IAC Alvorada) in Red-Yellow Oxisol without the addition of phosphate fertilizer. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates and the following treatments: non-inoculated bean plants and plants inoculated separately with seven bacterial isolates: K24, K36, K71, T30, T79, A24, and T22. The previously treated bean plants were grown in the presence and absence of phosphate fertilization. Only the plants inoculated with the isolates K36 and T79 showed higher values for the dry weight and the quantities of P and N uptake by the shoot when cultivated in the absence of phosphate fertilizer. These results demonstrate the potential use of the bacteria T79 and K36 as inoculants for bean plants grown in non-sterilized soil with low available P content, but also indicate that P solubilization may not be the only mechanism responsible for the positive growth response.
{"title":"Improvement of growth of common bean in phosphorus-deficient soils by phosphate-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing bacteria","authors":"R. Vieira, Vera Lúcia Ferracini, A. Silveira, R. Pazianotto","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.95461","url":null,"abstract":"The use of phosphate fertilizers is generally required for normal growth and development of crops. The cost of manufactured phosphate fertilizers has increased drastically in recent years and these are becoming out of reach for low-income farmers. The objective of this research was to select phosphate-solubilizing and phytohormone-producing bacteria to improve the growth and P uptake by the common bean (IAC Alvorada) in Red-Yellow Oxisol without the addition of phosphate fertilizer. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates and the following treatments: non-inoculated bean plants and plants inoculated separately with seven bacterial isolates: K24, K36, K71, T30, T79, A24, and T22. The previously treated bean plants were grown in the presence and absence of phosphate fertilization. Only the plants inoculated with the isolates K36 and T79 showed higher values for the dry weight and the quantities of P and N uptake by the shoot when cultivated in the absence of phosphate fertilizer. These results demonstrate the potential use of the bacteria T79 and K36 as inoculants for bean plants grown in non-sterilized soil with low available P content, but also indicate that P solubilization may not be the only mechanism responsible for the positive growth response.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47617249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96334
Marcelo Feitosa da Silva, J. Furtado, Janine Quadros Castro, Iasmim Leite dos Santos, E. Almeida, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Washington da Silva Sousa, Rodolfo César de Albuquerque Araújo
This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of different pre-emergence active ingredients on the suppression of the weed seed bank and the growth of soybeans. The experiments were carried out on a commercial farm located in Brejo (MA, Brazil), during the 2019/2020 harvest. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of control (without pre-emergence application), s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, flumioxazin, imazethapyr, trifluralin, diclosulam, diclosulam + imazethapyr, and clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in pre- and post-planting (10 and 36 d after application - DAA) to control weed competition. Nineteen species of weeds were identified, distributed in 17 genera and 13 botanical families. The species Scoparia dulcis, Richardia scabra, and Cyperus iria exhibited the highest phytosociological indices (123.77, 28.62, and 28.29, respectively), estimated at 36 DAA. Flumioxazin and diclosulam were the most efficient in suppressing weed competition, with only 15.63 and 16.13 plants m-2. The highest phytotoxicity scores (3.0) were found at 10 DAA with the application of s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, trifluralin, and diclosulam + imazethapyr. The pre-emergent control using flumioxazin and diclosulam is recommended for the edaphoclimatic conditions in the Eastern mesoregion of the state of Maranhão, Brazil.
{"title":"Weed control and selectivity of different pre-emergence active ingredients in a soybean crop","authors":"Marcelo Feitosa da Silva, J. Furtado, Janine Quadros Castro, Iasmim Leite dos Santos, E. Almeida, Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira, Washington da Silva Sousa, Rodolfo César de Albuquerque Araújo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.96334","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of different pre-emergence active ingredients on the suppression of the weed seed bank and the growth of soybeans. The experiments were carried out on a commercial farm located in Brejo (MA, Brazil), during the 2019/2020 harvest. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of control (without pre-emergence application), s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, flumioxazin, imazethapyr, trifluralin, diclosulam, diclosulam + imazethapyr, and clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in pre- and post-planting (10 and 36 d after application - DAA) to control weed competition. Nineteen species of weeds were identified, distributed in 17 genera and 13 botanical families. The species Scoparia dulcis, Richardia scabra, and Cyperus iria exhibited the highest phytosociological indices (123.77, 28.62, and 28.29, respectively), estimated at 36 DAA. Flumioxazin and diclosulam were the most efficient in suppressing weed competition, with only 15.63 and 16.13 plants m-2. The highest phytotoxicity scores (3.0) were found at 10 DAA with the application of s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, trifluralin, and diclosulam + imazethapyr. The pre-emergent control using flumioxazin and diclosulam is recommended for the edaphoclimatic conditions in the Eastern mesoregion of the state of Maranhão, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43342089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural products based on native microorganisms represent an ecological alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers for enhancing growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the product based on native microorganisms IHPLUS® on germination, emergence, and primary leaf formation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings. The treatments consisted of a control (immersion in distilled water) and nine treatments that were the combination of IHPLUS® at three concentrations and three immersion times. The application of IHPLUS® significantly increased the percentage of germination, mainly in the first days. After 7 d, the germination rate and root and hypocotyl lengths increased in almost all treatments compared to control seedlings. The beneficial effects of IHPLUS® on the germination of P. vulgaris may be partially attributed to changes on seedling metabolism due to an increase in α-amylase activity and in the content of reducing sugars and soluble proteins. Results suggest that IHPLUS® may act as an enhancer of germination in common beans that might lead to rapid seed germination, uniform seedling growth, and better seedling establishment and crop productivity.
{"title":"Co-inoculation with a product based on native microorganisms improves germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.","authors":"Maykelis Díaz Solares, Leticia Fuentes Alfonso, Madyu Matos Trujillo, Ramón Liriano González, Llliet González Sierra, Yunel Pérez Hernández","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.91841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v39n3.91841","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural products based on native microorganisms represent an ecological alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers for enhancing growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the product based on native microorganisms IHPLUS® on germination, emergence, and primary leaf formation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings. The treatments consisted of a control (immersion in distilled water) and nine treatments that were the combination of IHPLUS® at three concentrations and three immersion times. The application of IHPLUS® significantly increased the percentage of germination, mainly in the first days. After 7 d, the germination rate and root and hypocotyl lengths increased in almost all treatments compared to control seedlings. The beneficial effects of IHPLUS® on the germination of P. vulgaris may be partially attributed to changes on seedling metabolism due to an increase in α-amylase activity and in the content of reducing sugars and soluble proteins. Results suggest that IHPLUS® may act as an enhancer of germination in common beans that might lead to rapid seed germination, uniform seedling growth, and better seedling establishment and crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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