Ewa Kozioł-Chrzanowska, Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka, Justyna Zandberg-Malec, Maciej Ogrodniczuk
This article juxtaposes the reflections on the expectations from plain language as declared by the participants of workshops delivered by the Jasnopis team with the status of linguistic research on phenomena such as linguistic awareness, linguistic norm, or attitudes towards language. These arguments serve the purpose of proposing a comprehensive approach to text, which positions the recipient in the centre of works on plain language, which allows for the output of other disciplines of knowledge and requires cooperation between experts and practitioners in a given field, text recipients, and linguists/editors. Such an approach is put forward also by the plain language ISO standard (due for publication), which encourages examination of a text together with its recipients and employment of non-linguistic information design techniques. Keywords: plain language – ISO 24495-1 – comprehensive approach to text.
本文将Jasnopis团队举办的研讨会的参与者对普通语言的期望的反思与语言意识、语言规范或语言态度等现象的语言学研究现状并列。这些论点的目的是提出一种全面的文本方法，将接受者置于普通语言工作的中心，这允许其他学科的知识输出，并要求特定领域的专家和从业者、文本接受者和语言学家/编辑之间的合作。这种方法也由通俗语言的ISO标准(即将出版)提出，该标准鼓励与文本的接收者一起审查文本，并采用非语言信息设计技术。关键词:明文语言- ISO 24495-1 -综合文本法。
{"title":"Prosty język jako gra zespołowa: refleksje trenera, \u0000językoznawcy, praktyka","authors":"Ewa Kozioł-Chrzanowska, Anna Niepytalska-Osiecka, Justyna Zandberg-Malec, Maciej Ogrodniczuk","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article juxtaposes the reflections on the expectations from plain language as declared by the participants of workshops delivered by the Jasnopis team with the status of linguistic research on phenomena such as linguistic awareness, linguistic norm, or attitudes towards language. These arguments serve the purpose of proposing a comprehensive approach to text, which positions the recipient in the centre of works on plain language, which allows for the output of other disciplines of knowledge and requires cooperation between experts and practitioners in a given field, text recipients, and linguists/editors. Such an approach is put forward also by the plain language ISO standard (due for publication), which encourages examination of a text together \u0000with its recipients and employment of non-linguistic information design techniques.\u0000Keywords: plain language – ISO 24495-1 – comprehensive approach to text.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of a research conducted under our supervision by students of the subject “Clearly, honestly, correctly – simplifying banking communication in practice”. The classes were delivered at the University of Warsaw in cooperation with mBank as part of the “Students for the Environment” programme. On this example, we show how to integrate plain-language topics into academic teaching. This article presents also the conclusions formulated based on the research results and further research perspectives on the idea of plain language in the context of a broader phenomenon, i.e. effective communication. Keywords: effective communication – plain language – “Students for the Environment” program – mBank – social research – university teaching.
{"title":"Efektywna komunikacja i prosty język w praktyce bankowej jako przedmiot kształcenia polonistycznego","authors":"Magdalena Wanot-Miśtura, Marta Chojnacka-Kuraś","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a research conducted under our supervision by students of the subject “Clearly, honestly, correctly – simplifying banking communication in practice”. The classes were delivered at the University of Warsaw in cooperation with mBank as part of the “Students for the Environment” programme. On this example, we show how to integrate plain-language topics into academic teaching. This article presents also the conclusions formulated based on the research results and further research perspectives on the idea of plain language in the context of a broader phenomenon, i.e. effective communication.\u0000Keywords: effective communication – plain language – “Students for the Environment” program – mBank – social research – university teaching.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej Sztochel (1786–1846), the author of a grammar book, graduated from Jagiellonian University and was a teacher of Polish. Gramatyka historyczno-krytyczna języka polskiego (Historical and critical grammar of Polish), published posthumously, is one of two of his studies; it is dedicated to the science of the word, in particular infletional descriptions, in its entirety. The book is written in accordance with the historical method, which was innovative in Poland at that time. It stands out from grammar books of those days by its numerous references to proposals of other grammarians, writings by authors of old times, and dialectal pronunciation. Most of the then reviewers evaluated the grammar book negatively and not many contemporary researchers notice any innovativeness in it either. Keywords: historical–comparative method – diachronic linguistics – 19th century – Polish linguistics – Polish grammar books – Andrzej Sztochel.
安德烈·什托切尔(1786-1846)，一本语法书的作者，毕业于雅盖隆大学，是一名波兰语教师。Gramatyka historyczno-krytyczna języka polskiego(波兰语的历史和批判语法)，死后出版，是他的两项研究之一;它是专门为科学的文字，特别是变形的描述，在其整体。这本书是按照历史的方法来写的，这在当时的波兰是创新的。它从当时的语法书中脱颖而出，因为它大量引用了其他语法学家的建议，古代作家的著作，以及方言发音。大多数当时的评论家对这本语法书的评价是负面的，当代的研究者也没有注意到它的创新之处。关键词:历史-比较法-历时语言学- 19世纪-波兰语言学-波兰语法书-安德烈·什托切尔
{"title":"Metoda historyczno-krytyczna w gramatyce Andrzeja Sztochla","authors":"Aleksandra Żurek-Huszcz","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.6","url":null,"abstract":"Andrzej Sztochel (1786–1846), the author of a grammar book, graduated from Jagiellonian University and was a teacher of Polish. Gramatyka historyczno-krytyczna języka polskiego (Historical and critical grammar of Polish), published posthumously, is one of two of his studies; it is dedicated to the science of the word, in particular infletional descriptions, in its entirety. The book is written in accordance with the historical method, which was innovative in Poland at that time. It stands out from grammar books of those days by its numerous references to proposals of other grammarians, writings by authors of old times, and dialectal pronunciation. Most of the then reviewers evaluated the grammar book negatively and not many contemporary researchers notice any innovativeness in it either.\u0000Keywords: historical–comparative method – diachronic linguistics – 19th century – Polish \u0000linguistics – Polish grammar books – Andrzej Sztochel.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the communication (cultural) transformations of the last decade and their influence on plain language in the Polish utilitarian communication. The analytical material is 83 job advertisements of various companies, institutions, and organisations. They serve as examples to show the differences between the old non-plain manner of writing texts, the traditional plain language, and the contemporary plain language. The contemporary plain language reaches to the deep structure of a text, is guided by the recipient’s semantics and pragmatics, applies a cognitive–communicative strategy called the natural order of things (NOOT). At the same time, both the sender and the recipient must allow for diversity management in public communications, which is not compliant with the NOOT and makes the text non-transparent. The combination of these differences and correlations gives rise to a new version of job advertisements. Keywords: traditional plain language – contemporary plain language – cognitive-communicative strategies – natural order of things – utilitarian text.
{"title":"Prosty język i naturalny porządek rzeczy w nowoczesnej rekrutacji (na przykładzie ogłoszeń o pracy)","authors":"Paweł Nowak, Margaret Ohia-Nowak","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the communication (cultural) transformations of the last decade and their influence on plain language in the Polish utilitarian communication. The analytical material is 83 job advertisements of various companies, institutions, and organisations. They serve as examples to show the differences between the old non-plain manner of writing texts, the traditional plain language, and the contemporary plain language. The contemporary plain language reaches to the deep structure of a text, is guided by the recipient’s semantics and pragmatics, applies a cognitive–communicative strategy called the natural order of things (NOOT). At the same time, both the sender and the recipient must allow for diversity management in public communications, which is not compliant with the NOOT and makes the text non-transparent. The combination of these differences and correlations gives rise to a new version of job advertisements.\u0000Keywords: traditional plain language – contemporary plain language – cognitive-communicative strategies – natural order of things – utilitarian text.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of plain language or plain Polish has existed in Polish linguistic research for over a decade. The plain language movement is present on a large scale in public administration, but also in banks, other service providers, and enterprises. An example of a comprehensive introduction of this language standard is the City of Poznań, which is committed to changing its model of communication with citizens. This article presents the measures taken by its administrayion as well as the benefits and difficulties emerging at the individual stages of implementing plain language. Keywords: plain language – plain Polish – public administration – plain language standard
{"title":"Nie taki urząd straszny, jak o nim mówią… Prosty język w Urzędzie Miasta Poznania – dobre praktyki","authors":"Karolina Ruta-Korytowska","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.2","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of plain language or plain Polish has existed in Polish linguistic research for over \u0000a decade. The plain language movement is present on a large scale in public administration, but also in banks, other service providers, and enterprises. An example of a comprehensive introduction of this language standard is the City of Poznań, which is committed to changing its model of communication with citizens. This article presents the measures taken by its administrayion as well as the benefits and difficulties emerging at the individual stages of implementing plain language.\u0000Keywords: plain language – plain Polish – public administration – plain language standard","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jubileusz 40-lecia pracy naukowej Pani Profesor dr hab. Urszuli Sokólskiej, Białystok 28.02.2022 r. Sprawozdanie","authors":"A. B. Strawińska","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.8.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.8.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47218366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents and discusses two main theses. Firstly, the author claims that, contrary to what is commonly thought, neither the subject matter nor the meaning of Kazimierz Wierzyński’s later poems differ significantly from the topics taken up in his debut volumes. The poet never lost his youthful faith in the order of the world, nor did he quench his admiration for the work of creation. It is the main and essential feature of his poetry. Secondly, an important element of Wierzyński’s poems, which reveals itself in various forms and shapes, is prayer. This form of expression is referenced directly in many titles and often functions as the central theme of the poems. Moreover, many of Wierzyński’s works represent exactly this speech genre. His volumes contain poetic prayers differing thematically and functionally, for all seasons and all times of a day, for various holidays, celebrations, and other occasions. The poetry by Kazimierz Wierzyński is in fact one big prayer of supplication, humility, delight, and thanksgivings. Keywords: poetic language – Kazimierz Wierzyński – speech genres – prayer.
{"title":"Modlitwy Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego","authors":"Magdalena Danielewiczowa","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents and discusses two main theses. Firstly, the author claims that, contrary to what is commonly thought, neither the subject matter nor the meaning of Kazimierz Wierzyński’s later poems differ significantly from the topics taken up in his debut volumes. The poet never lost his youthful faith in the order of the world, nor did he quench his admiration for the work of creation. It is the main and essential feature of his poetry. Secondly, an important element of Wierzyński’s poems, which reveals itself in various forms and shapes, is prayer. This form of expression is referenced directly in many titles and often functions as the central theme of the poems. Moreover, many of Wierzyński’s works represent exactly this speech genre. His volumes contain poetic prayers differing thematically and functionally, for all seasons and all times of \u0000a day, for various holidays, celebrations, and other occasions. The poetry by Kazimierz Wierzyński is in fact one big prayer of supplication, humility, delight, and thanksgivings. \u0000Keywords: poetic language – Kazimierz Wierzyński – speech genres – prayer.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Korpysz, Anna Mędrzecka, Ewa Mirkowska, Marek Troszyński
This paper presents the preliminary assumptions of the “Corpus of the Four Poets” project, carried out in cooperation between Polish philologists (IBL PAN, UKSW) and IT specialists (CLARIN-PL, Wrocław University of Technology). The aim of the project is to create a digital corpus containing all Polish-language texts by the authors of the so-called “Great Romanticism”: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, and Cyprian Norwid, as well as to develop IT tools integrated with the corpus. The final result will be an online open access database with software. The texts for the corpus have been selected from the print sources that are well-known to readers, which provides the most complete and accurate form of the texts and a relative completeness of the lexical base. The set of metadata and annotations developed in the subsequent stages of the project will enable retrieval of the data on the language of individual authors and their objectivised comparison. Keywords: Zygmunt Krasiński– Adam Mickiewicz – Cyprian Norwid – Juliusz Słowacki – poet–prophet – corpus – vocabulary – idiolect.
{"title":"„Korpus Czterech Wieszczów” – cyfrowy wymiar dziedzictwa narodowego. Założenia projektu","authors":"T. Korpysz, Anna Mędrzecka, Ewa Mirkowska, Marek Troszyński","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the preliminary assumptions of the “Corpus of the Four Poets” project, carried out in cooperation between Polish philologists (IBL PAN, UKSW) and IT specialists (CLARIN-PL, Wrocław University of Technology). The aim of the project is to create a digital corpus containing all Polish-language texts by the authors of the so-called “Great Romanticism”: Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, and Cyprian Norwid, as well as to develop IT tools integrated with the corpus. The final result will be an online open access database with software. The texts for the corpus have been selected from the print sources that are well-known to readers, which provides the most complete and accurate form of the texts and a relative completeness of the lexical base. The set of metadata and annotations developed in the subsequent stages of the project will enable retrieval of the data on the language of individual authors and their \u0000objectivised comparison.\u0000Keywords: Zygmunt Krasiński– Adam Mickiewicz – Cyprian Norwid – Juliusz Słowacki – poet–prophet – corpus – vocabulary – idiolect.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":"624 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu (Revolutionary fight under the Russian rule. Facts and impressions over the last ten years) is a memorial feature article by Józef Piłsudski presenting the preparation, print, and distribution of the Polish Socialist Party’s underground pamphlets that were illegal under the Russian rule. The text is written in standard general Polish of the turn of the 20th century with a minor share of north borderland regionalisms, idiolectisms, and historisms. The style of the work combines “facts and impressions”, that is a realistic narration with a fictionalised description of various events related to the distribution of underground publications. The author of the feature article presents himself to the reader as an educated person using a language characterised by familiarity with the journalistic style. Keywords: Polish language of the turn of the 20th c. – general Polish language – written text – memorial feature article – idiolect – Józef Piłsudski
Walka rewolucyjna和zaborze rosyjskim是什么意思:Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich late dziesięciu(俄国统治下的革命斗争)《过去十年的事实与印象》是Józef Piłsudski的纪念专题文章，介绍了在俄国统治下被视为非法的波兰社会党地下小册子的准备、印刷和分发情况。文本是写在标准的一般波兰语的20世纪之交与北部边境地区主义，个人主义和历史主义的一小部分。作品的风格结合了“事实和印象”，即对与地下出版物发行有关的各种事件的现实叙述和虚构描述。这篇专题文章的作者以一个受过教育的人的形象出现在读者面前，他使用的语言特点是熟悉新闻风格。关键词:20世纪之交波兰语-一般波兰语-书面文本-纪念特稿-习语- Józef Piłsudski
{"title":"Język pism Józefa Piłsudskiego – Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze \u0000rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu","authors":"Stanisław Dubisz","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.4","url":null,"abstract":"Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu (Revolutionary fight under the Russian rule. Facts and impressions over the last ten years) is a memorial feature article by Józef Piłsudski presenting the preparation, print, and distribution of the Polish Socialist Party’s underground pamphlets that were illegal under the Russian rule. The text is written in standard general Polish of the turn of the 20th century with a minor share of north borderland regionalisms, idiolectisms, and historisms. The style of the work combines “facts and impressions”, that is a realistic narration with a fictionalised description of various events related to the distribution of underground publications. The author of the feature article presents himself to the reader as an educated person using a language characterised by familiarity with the journalistic style.\u0000Keywords: Polish language of the turn of the 20th c. – general Polish language – written text – memorial feature article – idiolect – Józef Piłsudski","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47126040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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