This paper presents the assumptions of linguistic poetics, a direction that combines – in a curricular manner – the research on poetry and interpretation of poetic works with an analysis of language uses in a statement. It presents the role played by M.R. Mayenowa in shaping this stream in the Polish literary studies seeking support in linguistics and enumerates the most significant curricular studies and linguitic concepts employed in analyses of the represented world of poetry as “the world behind words”. The enclosed analysis of the lyric by Urszula Kozioł Jest mi miałko… (I’m feeling bland...) is an illustration of the methodology presented here. It shows the sense-creative capabilities of language activated in a description of an unusual state of the lyrical I of the poem–confession, who is experiencing elusive feelings that are hard to express. The whole complex organisation of the poetic statement serves the purpose of outlining these unique experiences and the evoked senses can be reached only through an in-depth analysis of the language uses in the text. Keywords: creative use of language – poetry – linguistic poetics – Urszula Kozioł – description – confession
本文提出了语言诗学的假设，这是一个将诗歌研究和诗歌作品解读与语言运用分析相结合的课程方向。它展示了mr . Mayenowa在波兰文学研究中塑造这一寻求语言学支持的流派所发挥的作用，并列举了最重要的课程研究和语言概念，用于分析“文字背后的世界”所代表的诗歌世界。随附的Urszula kozioov Jest mi miałko(我感到乏味…)的歌词分析是这里所呈现的方法论的例证。它显示了语言的感官创造能力在描述诗歌的抒情I的一种不寻常的状态时被激活-忏悔，他正在经历难以表达的难以捉摸的感觉。诗歌语句的整个复杂组织旨在概述这些独特的体验，只有通过深入分析文本中的语言使用才能达到唤起的感觉。关键词:语言创造性运用-诗歌-语言诗学-乌尔苏苏拉·科齐约沃夫-描写-告白
{"title":"Twórcze użycie języka w tekście literackim (analiza wiersza Urszuli \u0000Kozioł Jest mi miałko… w ramach założeń poetyki lingwistycznej) .","authors":"Teresa Dobrzyńska","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the assumptions of linguistic poetics, a direction that combines – in \u0000a curricular manner – the research on poetry and interpretation of poetic works with an analysis of language uses in a statement. It presents the role played by M.R. Mayenowa in shaping this stream in the Polish literary studies seeking support in linguistics and enumerates the most significant curricular studies and linguitic concepts employed in analyses of the represented world of poetry as “the world behind words”. The enclosed analysis of the lyric by Urszula Kozioł Jest mi miałko… (I’m feeling bland...) is an illustration of the methodology presented here. It shows the sense-creative capabilities of language activated in a description of an unusual state of the lyrical I of the poem–confession, who is experiencing elusive feelings that are hard to express. \u0000The whole complex organisation of the poetic statement serves the purpose of outlining these unique experiences and the evoked senses can be reached only through an in-depth analysis of the language uses in the text.\u0000Keywords: creative use of language – poetry – linguistic poetics – Urszula Kozioł – description – confession","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69834251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Szumski (1778–1840) was a polyglot, teacher, bookseller, author of school textbooks, associated with Greater Poland. His grammar book, released in 1809, is the first Polish-language grammar book of the Polish language published in the 19th century where the grammatical description of Polish is made independent of the description of Latin. It is at the same time the first known 19th-century grammar of Polish where the author dared to polemicise with Onufry Kopczyński’s ideas contained in the Polish–Lati n Grammatyka dla szkół narodowych (Grammar for national schools). Keywords: school grammar books – Polish linguistics – 19th century – Tomasz Szumski – Onufry Kopczyński
Tomasz Szumski（1778-1840）是一位精通多种语言的教师、书商和学校教科书的作者，与大波兰有联系。他的语法书于1809年出版，是19世纪出版的第一本波兰语语法书，其中波兰语的语法描述独立于拉丁语的描述。同时，这也是已知的第一部19世纪波兰语语法，作者敢于与奥努弗里·科普钦斯基在波兰语中的观点进行辩论——Lati n Grammatyka dla szkółnarodowych（国立学校语法）。关键词：学校语法书-波兰语言学-19世纪-托马什·祖姆斯基-奥努弗里·科普钦斯基
{"title":"Dokładna nauka języka i stylu polskiego w dwóch częściach. Cz. 1\u0000Tomasza Szumskiego .","authors":"A. Jaworska","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tomasz Szumski (1778–1840) was a polyglot, teacher, bookseller, author of school textbooks, associated with Greater Poland. His grammar book, released in 1809, is the first Polish-language grammar book of the Polish language published in the 19th century where the grammatical description of Polish is made independent of the description of Latin. It is at the same time the first known 19th-century grammar of Polish where the author dared to polemicise with Onufry Kopczyński’s ideas contained in the Polish–Lati n Grammatyka dla szkół narodowych (Grammar for national schools). \u0000Keywords: school grammar books – Polish linguistics – 19th century – Tomasz Szumski – Onufry Kopczyński","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to present the semantic history of the verb zrodzić (się) in the Polish language against other names describing the act of giving birth or being born, most of which have a common root, e.g. rodzić (się), porodzić (się), narodzić (się), urodzić (się). It turns out that despite the fact that nowadays the discussed word is not a synonymous equivalent of either rodzić (się) or urodzić (się), it can still be found in the living speech in this meaning (e.g. zradzaćpotomstwo (to give birth to off spring)). Lexicographic sources document the characterised verb in one content only, cf. zrodzić ‘to originate something; to cause, create, induce’, zrodzić się ‘to be originated, to result, to arise from something; to come into being’ (e.g. konflikt, pomysł zrodził się(a conflict, idea was born); idea, inicjatywa zrodziła się (an idea, initiative was born)). The archaic content of the title verb fossilised in texts of prayers and in phraseology. Keywords: history of the Polish language – semantics – lexis – phraseology – dictionary.
本文的目的是介绍波兰语中动词zrodzić（siń）与描述分娩或出生行为的其他名称的语义历史，这些名称大多有一个共同的词根，例如rodzić。事实证明，尽管如今所讨论的单词不是rodzić（siÉ）或urodzić。词典来源只记录了一个内容中的特征动词，参见zrodzić“to original something；导致、创造、诱导、出生、起源、结果、从某物中崛起；产生（例如冲突、思想诞生）；想法，主动性诞生了（一个想法，主动权诞生了）。标题动词的古老内容在祈祷文和措辞中僵化了。关键词：波兰语史——语义学——词汇学——短语学——词典。
{"title":"O zrodzić (się) i czasownikach rodzenia w perspektywie historycznej","authors":"A. Piela","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.7.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.7.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present the semantic history of the verb zrodzić (się) in the Polish language against other names describing the act of giving birth or being born, most of which have a common root, e.g. rodzić (się), porodzić (się), narodzić (się), urodzić (się). It turns out that despite the fact that nowadays the discussed word is not a synonymous equivalent of either rodzić (się) or urodzić (się), it can still be found in the living speech in this meaning (e.g. zradzaćpotomstwo (to give birth to off spring)). Lexicographic sources document the characterised verb in one content only, cf. zrodzić ‘to originate something; to cause, create, induce’, zrodzić się ‘to be originated, to result, to arise from something; to come into being’ (e.g. konflikt, pomysł zrodził się(a conflict, idea was born); idea, inicjatywa zrodziła się (an idea, initiative was born)). The archaic content of the title verb fossilised in texts of prayers and in phraseology. \u0000Keywords: history of the Polish language – semantics – lexis – phraseology – dictionary.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author of this article analyses the common and differentiating grammatical forms of autosemantic parts of speech in the related Polish and Ukrainian languages, while examining the causes of differences between them. Relying on many years’ of his lecturing experience gained at a higher education institution, he focuses primarily on the issues that are the most complicated for Ukrainian students when studying Polish. One of the major differences is the presence of masculine personal forms of each part of speech in Polish. Hence, the forms are discussed in the inflection/conjugation systems of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, and verbs. Historical reasons for the selected grammatical phenomena play an important role in the article.
{"title":"Formy gramatyczne autosemantycznych części mowy w językach polskim \u0000i ukraińskim","authors":"Mykoła Łesiuk","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.2","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this article analyses the common and differentiating grammatical forms of autosemantic parts of speech in the related Polish and Ukrainian languages, while examining the causes of differences between them. Relying on many years’ of his lecturing experience gained at a higher education institution, he focuses primarily on the issues that are the most complicated for Ukrainian students when studying Polish. One of the major differences is the presence of masculine personal forms of each part of speech in Polish. Hence, the forms are discussed in the inflection/conjugation systems of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, and verbs. Historical reasons for the selected grammatical phenomena play an important role in the article.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48954174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.15
Ostap Sływynski
Olga Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of Jacob is a wide and complicated epic panorama the action of which takes place on the borderlands of countries, cultures, and religions. Translating such a work into any language is a task that requires a lot of effort and careful preparation, aimed first of all at exploring all possible contexts: historical, linguistic, religious. A particularly difficult challenge is to translate The Books of Jacob into one of the languages that are part of the reality presented in the novel and are in relationships of interference with other languages used by the characters or functioning in their environments. Ukrainian is such a language. This article is an attempt to summarise the experience of translating the novel into this language, taking into account the greatest difficulties faced by the translator.
{"title":"Proza Olgi Tokarczuk jako wyzwanie dla tłumacza: notatki na \u0000marginesach ukraińskiego przekładu powieści Księgi Jakubowe","authors":"Ostap Sływynski","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"Olga Tokarczuk’s novel The Books of Jacob is a wide and complicated epic panorama the action of which takes place on the borderlands of countries, cultures, and religions. Translating such a work into any language is a task that requires a lot of effort and careful preparation, aimed first of all at exploring all possible contexts: historical, linguistic, religious. A particularly difficult challenge is to translate The Books of Jacob into one of the languages that are part of the reality presented in the novel and are in relationships of interference with other languages used by the characters or functioning in their environments. Ukrainian is such a language. This article is an attempt to summarise the experience of translating the novel into this language, taking into account the greatest difficulties faced by the translator.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proposed article discusses the concept of prawda / правда (truth) in the Polish and Ukrainian languages and its semantic and connotative characteristics. The semantic dominant of the concept of prawda / правда is “justice” as correspondence to legal and moral principles; its structure is composed of ‘correspondence to the objective reality’, ‘genuineness’, ‘authenticity’, ‘essence of truth’, ‘order based on justice’, and its conceptual characteristics are the moral characteristics and values underlying the moral ideal, the normative characteristics and values concerned with the representations of what is authentic in the life of a human being or a society; the legal aspect of the concept of правда is associated with rights and obligations, while the cognitive aspect is related to a human being’s representations of correspondence to reality. The concept of prawda / правда is multifunctional and sets the main direction for the national culture or, to be more specific, the desire of higher ideals of good and justice, which are the foundation stone in all spheres of the life of a human being and a society.
{"title":"Semantyczno-konotacyjne cechy charakterystyczne konceptu prawda / \u0000/ правда","authors":"Olga Łazarowycz","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.6","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed article discusses the concept of prawda / правда (truth) in the Polish and Ukrainian languages and its semantic and connotative characteristics. The semantic dominant of the concept of prawda / правда is “justice” as correspondence to legal and moral principles; its structure is composed of ‘correspondence to the objective reality’, ‘genuineness’, ‘authenticity’, ‘essence of truth’, ‘order based on justice’, and its conceptual characteristics are the moral characteristics and values underlying the moral ideal, the normative characteristics and values concerned with the representations of what is authentic in the life of a human being or a society; the legal aspect of the concept of правда is associated with rights and obligations, while the cognitive aspect is related to a human being’s representations of correspondence to reality.\u0000 The concept of prawda / правда is multifunctional and sets the main direction for the national culture or, to be more specific, the desire of higher ideals of good and justice, which are the foundation stone in all spheres of the life of a human being and a society.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ideological discourse serves the purpose of imposing a vision of the world based on the sender's beliefs on the recipient. For this purpose, treatments to modify the meanings of terms and the axiological marking of words are used, ways of understanding and prioritising values are imposed, and the designata of words are arbitrarily changed. The subordination of the language to ideology deprives it of its credibility as an instrument for describing reality, weakens its ability to express meanings precisely, and makes it a tool for sustaining disputes.
{"title":"O niewiarygodności języka w dyskursie ideologicznym","authors":"Anna Cegieł","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ideological discourse serves the purpose of imposing a vision of the world based on the sender's beliefs on the recipient. For this purpose, treatments to modify the meanings of terms and the axiological marking of words are used, ways of understanding and prioritising values are imposed, and the designata of words are arbitrarily changed. The subordination of the language to ideology deprives it of its credibility as an instrument for describing reality, weakens its ability to express meanings precisely, and makes it a tool for sustaining disputes.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.12
Adriana Prizel-Kania
This article covers the issues relating to the cerebral organisation of speech functions and the neurobiological foundations of the processing of linguistic information, and identifies the individual factors that play a crucial role in the process of learning a foreign language. With regard to neuropsychological considerations, special attention is given to the importance of cerebral hemisphere asymmetry. Insight into the biomedical foundations of language processing and the processes that condition language acquisition should be of interest to those involved in teaching foreign languages. The data discussed in the article are sourced from publications and research in speech-language pathology, a subfield of applied linguistics relying on clinical data and findings on the neurobiological aspects of linguistic communication.
{"title":"Neurobiologiczne uwarunkowania nauki języków obcych","authors":"Adriana Prizel-Kania","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.12","url":null,"abstract":"This article covers the issues relating to the cerebral organisation of speech functions and the neurobiological foundations of the processing of linguistic information, and identifies the individual factors that play a crucial role in the process of learning a foreign language. With regard to neuropsychological considerations, special attention is given to the importance of cerebral hemisphere asymmetry. Insight into the biomedical foundations of language processing and the processes that condition language acquisition should be of interest to those involved in teaching foreign languages. The data discussed in the article are sourced from publications and research in speech-language pathology, a subfield of applied linguistics relying on clinical data and findings on the neurobiological aspects of linguistic communication.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.33896/porj.2022.10.13
Samanta Busiło
This article discusses strategies of developing text mediation competences in the field of Polish Language for Academic Purposes taking into account the needs of students from Ukraine and the phenomenon of language interference. The author proposes a list of language proficiency indicators as part of the processing of texts based on the indicators of the Council of Europe published in the CEFR-Companion Volume on the example of an abstract. Based on the phenomenon of language interference, she defines the area of positive and negative transfer, comparing genre features and lexical structures from the CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) in Polish and Ukrainian, to finally present teaching strategies helpful in developing mediation skills related to writing and editing the abstract.
{"title":"Mediacja tekstowa w rozwijaniu językowych kompetencji akademickich \u0000studentów z Ukrainy (na przykładzie abstraktu)","authors":"Samanta Busiło","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses strategies of developing text mediation competences in the field of Polish Language for Academic Purposes taking into account the needs of students from Ukraine and the phenomenon of language interference. The author proposes a list of language proficiency indicators as part of the processing of texts based on the indicators of the Council of Europe published in the CEFR-Companion Volume on the example of an abstract. Based on the phenomenon of language interference, she defines the area of positive and negative transfer, comparing genre features and lexical structures from the CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) in Polish and Ukrainian, to finally present teaching strategies helpful in developing mediation skills related to writing and editing the abstract.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69833897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on covers of weekly magazines, it is easy to notice that the focal point of mass media is conflict situations. Their comments lead to the polarisation friend – foe, which is expressed by the visual and verbal presentation of the world of politics. Despite the fact that the visual and verbal repertoire, which allows the positive evaluation of friends and negative evaluation of foes, is quite plentiful, clean patterns in portraying individuals are noticeable. Foes are aggressive, unpredictable, menacing, rapacious, dishonest and, at the same time, determined to build their positive image in order to attract new voters. Friends, in turn, are the victims of stalkers and their actions (the target of their attacks) and the long-awaited (true) saviours. Magazine covers evidence social divisions and simultaneously consolidate and develop them, being an element of a relentless struggle to win audience and voters. This is because the marketing (attracting readers’ attention) and political (uniting the audiences against specified antagonists and around the figure of the depicted hero) aspects are of great importance here.
{"title":"Opozycja swój – obcy w wizualno-werbalnych metaforach \u0000publicystycznych","authors":"Bartłomiej Maliszewski","doi":"10.33896/porj.2022.10.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33896/porj.2022.10.9","url":null,"abstract":"Based on covers of weekly magazines, it is easy to notice that the focal point of mass media is conflict situations. Their comments lead to the polarisation friend – foe, which is expressed by the visual and verbal presentation of the world of politics.\u0000Despite the fact that the visual and verbal repertoire, which allows the positive evaluation of friends and negative evaluation of foes, is quite plentiful, clean patterns in portraying individuals are noticeable. Foes are aggressive, unpredictable, menacing, rapacious, dishonest and, at the same time, determined to build their positive image in order to attract new voters. Friends, in turn, are the victims of stalkers and their actions (the target of their attacks) and the long-awaited (true) saviours.\u0000Magazine covers evidence social divisions and simultaneously consolidate and develop them, being an element of a relentless struggle to win audience and voters. This is because the marketing (attracting readers’ attention) and political (uniting the audiences against specified antagonists and around the figure of the depicted hero) aspects are of great importance here.","PeriodicalId":38495,"journal":{"name":"Poradnik Jezykowy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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