M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller
Extended Abstract Around 900 million people in developing countries now live without access to clean drinking or industrial water. Water-borne pathogens cause particularly high death rates in children and immunocompromised people. In this context, the helminth eggs are of particular importance. Sedimentation is a widely used method for mechanical cleaning of wastewater. In order to use the sedimentation principle effectively, the sinking behavior of the particles should be known. In the case of the small sewage treatment plants, the question is more complex, as the residence times are shorter and the existing, possibly turbulent flow fields play a greater role for the movement of the pathogens. An overview on the problematic of parasites in wastewater solution methods was presented by Cornel and Kneidl [1]. The aim of the present research is the development of a validated computer simulation model to determine the sinking behavior of helminth eggs and its application to predict the separation characteristics of a small sewage treatment plant with a subsequent optimization of the separation behavior of helminth eggs in this plant. Experimental and numerical
{"title":"Mechanical Helminth Eggs Separation for Wastewater Purification: Analysis of the Fluid Dynamics","authors":"M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller","doi":"10.11159/htff22.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.117","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Around 900 million people in developing countries now live without access to clean drinking or industrial water. Water-borne pathogens cause particularly high death rates in children and immunocompromised people. In this context, the helminth eggs are of particular importance. Sedimentation is a widely used method for mechanical cleaning of wastewater. In order to use the sedimentation principle effectively, the sinking behavior of the particles should be known. In the case of the small sewage treatment plants, the question is more complex, as the residence times are shorter and the existing, possibly turbulent flow fields play a greater role for the movement of the pathogens. An overview on the problematic of parasites in wastewater solution methods was presented by Cornel and Kneidl [1]. The aim of the present research is the development of a validated computer simulation model to determine the sinking behavior of helminth eggs and its application to predict the separation characteristics of a small sewage treatment plant with a subsequent optimization of the separation behavior of helminth eggs in this plant. Experimental and numerical","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted great attention as a power source for automotive industry owing to their eco-friendly characteristics and high energy efficiency. The most important issues for the commercialization of PEMFCs are the high cost of Pt which is used as catalysts in PEMFCs and the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) speed in a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum group metals (PGMs) contribute to 21–45% of the total cost in a PEMFC stack [1]. Pt-M alloys have been studied to solve the issues by reducing Pt loading and enhancing PEMFC performance. Especially, among the alloys, a core-shell CoPt has very high surface reactivity which increases reaction speed [2]. Meanwhile, the application of a magnetic field to ORR catalysts has been investigated to increase ORR speed. Enhancement of catalyst reactivity in a magnetic field was due to paramagnetic oxygen which is attracted to magnetic poles. Catalyst reactivity was enhanced in a magnetic field regardless of the pole direction. Okada et al. [3] reported that a PEMFC with magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles in a catalyst layer showed better performance than that with not magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles. Therefore, magnetized core-shell CoPt nanoparticles have a great potential for the performance improvement of PEMFCs, but related research is very limited. In this study, the effect of magnetization on the
聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)作为一种环保、高能效的汽车动力源受到了广泛的关注。影响PEMFCs商业化的最重要的问题是用作PEMFCs催化剂的Pt的高成本和阴极催化剂层中氧还原反应(ORR)速度慢。铂族金属(PGMs)占PEMFC堆叠总成本的21-45%。Pt- m合金的研究旨在通过降低Pt负载和提高PEMFC性能来解决这些问题。其中，核壳型CoPt具有很高的表面反应活性，提高了反应速度。同时，研究了在ORR催化剂上施加磁场以提高ORR速度的方法。催化剂在磁场中的反应性增强是由于顺磁性氧被磁极吸引。在磁场作用下，催化剂的反应活性增强，而与磁极方向无关。Okada et al.[3]报道在催化剂层中磁化Nd-Fe-B微粒的PEMFC比未磁化Nd-Fe-B微粒的PEMFC表现出更好的性能。因此，磁化的核壳CoPt纳米颗粒在提高PEMFCs性能方面具有很大的潜力，但相关的研究非常有限。在本研究中，研究了磁化强度对材料的影响
{"title":"ORR Enhancement Using Core-Shell Copt Magnetic Nanoparticles In Cathode Electrode Of Pemfcs","authors":"Jihyun Kim, W. Yang, Yongchan Kim","doi":"10.11159/htff22.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.149","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted great attention as a power source for automotive industry owing to their eco-friendly characteristics and high energy efficiency. The most important issues for the commercialization of PEMFCs are the high cost of Pt which is used as catalysts in PEMFCs and the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) speed in a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum group metals (PGMs) contribute to 21–45% of the total cost in a PEMFC stack [1]. Pt-M alloys have been studied to solve the issues by reducing Pt loading and enhancing PEMFC performance. Especially, among the alloys, a core-shell CoPt has very high surface reactivity which increases reaction speed [2]. Meanwhile, the application of a magnetic field to ORR catalysts has been investigated to increase ORR speed. Enhancement of catalyst reactivity in a magnetic field was due to paramagnetic oxygen which is attracted to magnetic poles. Catalyst reactivity was enhanced in a magnetic field regardless of the pole direction. Okada et al. [3] reported that a PEMFC with magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles in a catalyst layer showed better performance than that with not magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles. Therefore, magnetized core-shell CoPt nanoparticles have a great potential for the performance improvement of PEMFCs, but related research is very limited. In this study, the effect of magnetization on the","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116035894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Energy storage system(ESS) is an eco-friendly energy storage system but it has safety problems due to explosions and toxic gas. Because the fire in the ESS system is caused by the thermal runaway of the battery, early detection would be essential to avoid fire damage. Gas composition and gas diffusion during thermal runaway are important factors for early detection. Most of this research has been conducted in the battery cells. However, the ESS system consists of battery modules. The spacing distance between battery cells and the module shape affects the gas diffusion for modules. Therefore, the present study aims to numerically examine the gas diffusion characteristics during thermal runaway inside the battery modules, and estimate the time required for detection. Simulations were performed for three cases depending on the fire locations. Numerical results showed that the CO 2 concentration in EES modules reached 5,000 ppm as the criterion for detection, within 20 seconds after a fire occurs. In addition, faster detection would be possible when the sensors are installed adjacent to the cells at which thermal runaway occurs.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Gas Diffusion Characteristics during Thermal Runaway in ESS Battery Module","authors":"Dong Woo Kim, H. Ryou, Young Man Lee","doi":"10.11159/icmie22.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icmie22.126","url":null,"abstract":"- Energy storage system(ESS) is an eco-friendly energy storage system but it has safety problems due to explosions and toxic gas. Because the fire in the ESS system is caused by the thermal runaway of the battery, early detection would be essential to avoid fire damage. Gas composition and gas diffusion during thermal runaway are important factors for early detection. Most of this research has been conducted in the battery cells. However, the ESS system consists of battery modules. The spacing distance between battery cells and the module shape affects the gas diffusion for modules. Therefore, the present study aims to numerically examine the gas diffusion characteristics during thermal runaway inside the battery modules, and estimate the time required for detection. Simulations were performed for three cases depending on the fire locations. Numerical results showed that the CO 2 concentration in EES modules reached 5,000 ppm as the criterion for detection, within 20 seconds after a fire occurs. In addition, faster detection would be possible when the sensors are installed adjacent to the cells at which thermal runaway occurs.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126428072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andoniaina M. Randriambololona, M. Shaeri, Soroush Sarabi
– In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to predict heat transfer coefficient (ℎ) and pressure drop (∆𝑃𝑃) in cold plates (CPs) with surface roughness operating in turbulent flow. Roughness sizes range from zero (smooth surface) to 0.5 mm, and Reynolds numbers vary from 3,170 to 10,560. The RNG 𝑘𝑘 − 𝜀𝜀 model is used to simulate turbulent flow. Input data for the ANN models are prepared by simulating three-dimensional steady state turbulent flow and heat transfer inside the CPs. Separate multilayer neural networks are selected to predict ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 . Both ANN architectures include two hidden layers with 1,024 neurons in each layer. The accuracy of the training process and the neural network is assessed by the mean absolute error. Both ANN models show excellent predictions as the predicted ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 are within ±1.2% and ±2.6% of the simulated values, respectively. Since roughness is an inevitable consequence of additive manufacturing, the present study suggests that accurate ANN-based models can be used as promising design tools for optimizing additively manufactured CPs. While roughness improves heat transfer, it leads to a higher pressure drop. As a result, accurate ANN models can be used to design additively manufactured cooling systems with an optimized range of roughness to improve heat transfer while operating within the allowed pressure drop and pumping power.
{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Models to Predict Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drops in Cold Plates with Surface Roughness","authors":"Andoniaina M. Randriambololona, M. Shaeri, Soroush Sarabi","doi":"10.11159/htff22.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.167","url":null,"abstract":"– In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to predict heat transfer coefficient (ℎ) and pressure drop (∆𝑃𝑃) in cold plates (CPs) with surface roughness operating in turbulent flow. Roughness sizes range from zero (smooth surface) to 0.5 mm, and Reynolds numbers vary from 3,170 to 10,560. The RNG 𝑘𝑘 − 𝜀𝜀 model is used to simulate turbulent flow. Input data for the ANN models are prepared by simulating three-dimensional steady state turbulent flow and heat transfer inside the CPs. Separate multilayer neural networks are selected to predict ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 . Both ANN architectures include two hidden layers with 1,024 neurons in each layer. The accuracy of the training process and the neural network is assessed by the mean absolute error. Both ANN models show excellent predictions as the predicted ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 are within ±1.2% and ±2.6% of the simulated values, respectively. Since roughness is an inevitable consequence of additive manufacturing, the present study suggests that accurate ANN-based models can be used as promising design tools for optimizing additively manufactured CPs. While roughness improves heat transfer, it leads to a higher pressure drop. As a result, accurate ANN models can be used to design additively manufactured cooling systems with an optimized range of roughness to improve heat transfer while operating within the allowed pressure drop and pumping power.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133369481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study on the water of the wastewater treatment plant in Durrës. For this, a study was conducted during the months of May, June and July 2021 which was based on the determination of the different forms of phosphorus in water, as one of the main nutrients, and responsible for the eutrophication of waters. Representative sampling was done before treatment, after treatment and in wetlands. Storage and transport of samples, based on recommended standard methods. Four different forms of phosphorus were identified (orthophosphate, total phosphorus, condensed phosphorus and organic phosphorus). The selection of standard analysis methods was made by APHA and DIN and for each of them the performance parameters of the method were defined (sensitivity, dictation limit and linear area of measurements). The results obtained were processed and compared with "On permissible discharge rates and zoning criteria for aquatic receiving environments", and EU Directive 91/271 / EEC. The results obtained from the study, showed the higher concentrations of different forms of phosphorus at the station before treatment, but only the values of total phosphorus concentration resulted outside the allowed norms. At the post-treatment station or in wetlands it is noticed that the concentrations of the studied of different forms of phosphorus are within the allowed norms, with the exception of the total phosphorus concentration. Therefore, for the reduction and recovery of phosphorus from water of wastewater treatment plants, the forms of phosphorus that are present must be considered.
{"title":"Determination of Different Forms of Phosphorus in Waters of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Durres, Before and After Treatment","authors":"V. Hoxha, A. Jano, K. Vaso, Enkela Poro","doi":"10.11159/iccpe22.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/iccpe22.116","url":null,"abstract":"- The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study on the water of the wastewater treatment plant in Durrës. For this, a study was conducted during the months of May, June and July 2021 which was based on the determination of the different forms of phosphorus in water, as one of the main nutrients, and responsible for the eutrophication of waters. Representative sampling was done before treatment, after treatment and in wetlands. Storage and transport of samples, based on recommended standard methods. Four different forms of phosphorus were identified (orthophosphate, total phosphorus, condensed phosphorus and organic phosphorus). The selection of standard analysis methods was made by APHA and DIN and for each of them the performance parameters of the method were defined (sensitivity, dictation limit and linear area of measurements). The results obtained were processed and compared with \"On permissible discharge rates and zoning criteria for aquatic receiving environments\", and EU Directive 91/271 / EEC. The results obtained from the study, showed the higher concentrations of different forms of phosphorus at the station before treatment, but only the values of total phosphorus concentration resulted outside the allowed norms. At the post-treatment station or in wetlands it is noticed that the concentrations of the studied of different forms of phosphorus are within the allowed norms, with the exception of the total phosphorus concentration. Therefore, for the reduction and recovery of phosphorus from water of wastewater treatment plants, the forms of phosphorus that are present must be considered.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cezary Czajkowski, S. Pietrowicz, Henrik Kassai, Andrzej I. Nowak
The paper concerns a heat transfer characteristics for a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) under hyper - gravity condition. Two loops of pulsating heat pipe with the internal diameter of 1.5 mm were filled and tested with HFE - 7000 as a working fluid. The experimental se t-up allows for the investigation of two crucial parameters affecting the thermal process i.e. rotational speed (acceleration from 1 to 8g) and filling ratio (44 and 66, %). As a result, the dependences of the thermal resistance on the rotational speeds we re obtained, thus declaring the optimal conditions for the heat transport process. The increase in filing ratio (FR) of the working fluid in hy per- gravity condition improves the thermal efficiency of PHP, as well as the direction of the evaporation section bending.
{"title":"Geometrical Shape of Pulsating Heat Pipe under Hyper Gravity Condition","authors":"Cezary Czajkowski, S. Pietrowicz, Henrik Kassai, Andrzej I. Nowak","doi":"10.11159/htff22.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.169","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concerns a heat transfer characteristics for a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) under hyper - gravity condition. Two loops of pulsating heat pipe with the internal diameter of 1.5 mm were filled and tested with HFE - 7000 as a working fluid. The experimental se t-up allows for the investigation of two crucial parameters affecting the thermal process i.e. rotational speed (acceleration from 1 to 8g) and filling ratio (44 and 66, %). As a result, the dependences of the thermal resistance on the rotational speeds we re obtained, thus declaring the optimal conditions for the heat transport process. The increase in filing ratio (FR) of the working fluid in hy per- gravity condition improves the thermal efficiency of PHP, as well as the direction of the evaporation section bending.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117321838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nguyen, Thanh-Hoang Phan, Dong-Hyun Kim, W. Park
Extended Abstract Cavitation bubble plays an important role in applications in diverse fields of science and technology such as naval structure engineering, biosciences, and biomedical technology. The cavitation bubble collapses violently, and in different conditions, the collapse of the cavitation bubble produces high-speed jets of liquid bubbles moving in different directions [1, 2]. This in turn generates high local energy and high-pressure waves and high temperature [3, 4]. Multiple events of cavitation bubble collapse that produce high pressure over time can cause detrimental effects on the mechanical components. This in turn generates high local energy and impacts the surface with high-pressure waves that can erode the metals [5]. Conversely, this energy was observed as useful for the hydrodynamic cavitation process in cleaning technology or in industrial applications such as wastewater treatment and biofuel production [6]. Bubble collapse leads to the re-entrant jet formation, concentrated pressures, shear, and lift forces on the dirt particle or biomass, and high impulsive loads on a layer of materials. In the other approaches, cavitation bubbles can be intentionally generated by using acoustic waves or laser technologies to take advantage of local high-energy and microjets for application to biosciences, and biomedical technology such as needle-free injection devices, tissue engineering, and lithotripsy [7]. In this study, we numerically simulate the cavity bubble expansion and its spherical and non-spherical collapse under various conditions. We shall compare different numerical models for this problem with the advantages and disadvantages of each model. We shall discuss the bubble dynamics as well as the high-speed jet, the presence of a shock
{"title":"Numerical Study of Cavitation Bubble Collapse under Various\u0000Conditions","authors":"V. Nguyen, Thanh-Hoang Phan, Dong-Hyun Kim, W. Park","doi":"10.11159/htff22.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.133","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Cavitation bubble plays an important role in applications in diverse fields of science and technology such as naval structure engineering, biosciences, and biomedical technology. The cavitation bubble collapses violently, and in different conditions, the collapse of the cavitation bubble produces high-speed jets of liquid bubbles moving in different directions [1, 2]. This in turn generates high local energy and high-pressure waves and high temperature [3, 4]. Multiple events of cavitation bubble collapse that produce high pressure over time can cause detrimental effects on the mechanical components. This in turn generates high local energy and impacts the surface with high-pressure waves that can erode the metals [5]. Conversely, this energy was observed as useful for the hydrodynamic cavitation process in cleaning technology or in industrial applications such as wastewater treatment and biofuel production [6]. Bubble collapse leads to the re-entrant jet formation, concentrated pressures, shear, and lift forces on the dirt particle or biomass, and high impulsive loads on a layer of materials. In the other approaches, cavitation bubbles can be intentionally generated by using acoustic waves or laser technologies to take advantage of local high-energy and microjets for application to biosciences, and biomedical technology such as needle-free injection devices, tissue engineering, and lithotripsy [7]. In this study, we numerically simulate the cavity bubble expansion and its spherical and non-spherical collapse under various conditions. We shall compare different numerical models for this problem with the advantages and disadvantages of each model. We shall discuss the bubble dynamics as well as the high-speed jet, the presence of a shock","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116163751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Nanoparticles due to their unique characteristics are gaining attraction for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. Nanoparticles during the EOR process may activate many mechanisms, particularly wettability alteration, and thus improve the recovery factor. Silica nanoparticle has been largely testified for EOR. The effect of alumina nanoparticles for EOR is also being investigated recently. Their combination may enhance their performance in wettability alteration. In this research, we studied the wettability alteration and recovery performance of the hybrid nanoparticles. A series of experiments were conducted starting from zeta potential and contact angle measurement to determine optimum concentrations of silica, alumina, and hybrid nanoparticles. After dispersing nanoparticles (alone and hybrid), solutions were homogenized using ultrasonic homogenizer. The zeta potential results showed that the silica nanofluid could stay stable for at least 3 days without the need for a stabilizer. However, a stabilizer (SDBS) is required to prepare stable alumina and hybrid nanofluid. Baseline experiments were conducted with the stabilizer to quantify the performance of the stabilizer. Later, contact angles were measured (at room temperature and 80 °C) to analyze the effect of the nanofluid on rock/oil/brine systems and to determine the optimal nanofluid concentration. The results of contact angle experiments prove that, for both temperatures (room and 80 °C), maximum alteration in wettability was shown by the hybrid nanoparticle mixture (0.1wt%silica+0.05wt%Alumina), 29° and 33°, respectively. Finally, coreflooding tests were conducted to study the performance of the optimal nanofluid in enhancing oil recovery. The coreflood experiment was conducted with optimum hybrid nanofluid at 80 °C. The recovery factor recorded with Caspian Seawater was 42%, and silica nanofluid improved the recovery to 46%. The injection was followed by a hybrid nanofluid, which increased the recovery factor to 73%. The results presented in this study prove that hybrid nanoparticle injection improves the performance as compared to standalone nanoparticles.
{"title":"Laboratory Investigation of Hybrid Nanoparticles Injection for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process","authors":"M. Hashmet, Peyman Peyman, Yernur Satay","doi":"10.11159/iccpe22.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/iccpe22.123","url":null,"abstract":"- Nanoparticles due to their unique characteristics are gaining attraction for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. Nanoparticles during the EOR process may activate many mechanisms, particularly wettability alteration, and thus improve the recovery factor. Silica nanoparticle has been largely testified for EOR. The effect of alumina nanoparticles for EOR is also being investigated recently. Their combination may enhance their performance in wettability alteration. In this research, we studied the wettability alteration and recovery performance of the hybrid nanoparticles. A series of experiments were conducted starting from zeta potential and contact angle measurement to determine optimum concentrations of silica, alumina, and hybrid nanoparticles. After dispersing nanoparticles (alone and hybrid), solutions were homogenized using ultrasonic homogenizer. The zeta potential results showed that the silica nanofluid could stay stable for at least 3 days without the need for a stabilizer. However, a stabilizer (SDBS) is required to prepare stable alumina and hybrid nanofluid. Baseline experiments were conducted with the stabilizer to quantify the performance of the stabilizer. Later, contact angles were measured (at room temperature and 80 °C) to analyze the effect of the nanofluid on rock/oil/brine systems and to determine the optimal nanofluid concentration. The results of contact angle experiments prove that, for both temperatures (room and 80 °C), maximum alteration in wettability was shown by the hybrid nanoparticle mixture (0.1wt%silica+0.05wt%Alumina), 29° and 33°, respectively. Finally, coreflooding tests were conducted to study the performance of the optimal nanofluid in enhancing oil recovery. The coreflood experiment was conducted with optimum hybrid nanofluid at 80 °C. The recovery factor recorded with Caspian Seawater was 42%, and silica nanofluid improved the recovery to 46%. The injection was followed by a hybrid nanofluid, which increased the recovery factor to 73%. The results presented in this study prove that hybrid nanoparticle injection improves the performance as compared to standalone nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121980840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An additively manufactured capillary-driven two-phase cold plate was fabricated for use in a hybrid two-phase cooling system (HTPCS). The pumped two-phase loop continuously supplies the cold plate with a liquid refrigerant (R245fa), which is transported by capillary action through a wick structure to the heat source. High heat flux cooling is then provided by evaporation at the menisci formed within the wick. The cold plate includes eight heaters that are located at the top and bottom surface of the cold plate. The main significance of the HTPCS lies within cold plate, or evaporator, which prevents flooding of the evaporator wick by balancing pressure drop between the liquid supply manifold and wick, while separating the liquid supply region from the vapor generation region with a non-permeable barrier (NPB). This separation allows for heat transfer by evaporation rather than boiling and enables high heat flux transport. The cold plate, integrated with wick structures and the NPB, is made of an aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) through one single direct metal laser sintering process. The present study is performed as a proof-of-concept to evaluate the cooling performance of the additively manufactured cold plate in a recently developed HTPCS developed by the authors. The motivation of this work is to reduce the current multiple labor-intensive fabrication processes related to previous versions of this cold plate into only one single process. The cold plate removes ~ 210 W/cm2 from the heaters; however, the inconsistent trends of thermal resistances, as well as different thermal resistances among heaters, indicate that there are effects caused by external parameter(s) that adversely affect the wicking performance of the evaporation region. Although further detailed research is required to address discrepancies among thermal resistances, current limitations in the fabrication process, such as using internal supports inside the cold plate as well as limitations to decrease the pore size below a threshold value, are identified as possible reasons for inconsistency in thermal resistances. Such limitations need to be addressed through further research into the additive manufacturing processes.
{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Capillary-Driven Two-Phase Cold Plates","authors":"Jana Catuche, M. Shaeri, M. Ellis","doi":"10.11159/htff22.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.174","url":null,"abstract":"An additively manufactured capillary-driven two-phase cold plate was fabricated for use in a hybrid two-phase cooling system (HTPCS). The pumped two-phase loop continuously supplies the cold plate with a liquid refrigerant (R245fa), which is transported by capillary action through a wick structure to the heat source. High heat flux cooling is then provided by evaporation at the menisci formed within the wick. The cold plate includes eight heaters that are located at the top and bottom surface of the cold plate. The main significance of the HTPCS lies within cold plate, or evaporator, which prevents flooding of the evaporator wick by balancing pressure drop between the liquid supply manifold and wick, while separating the liquid supply region from the vapor generation region with a non-permeable barrier (NPB). This separation allows for heat transfer by evaporation rather than boiling and enables high heat flux transport. The cold plate, integrated with wick structures and the NPB, is made of an aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) through one single direct metal laser sintering process. The present study is performed as a proof-of-concept to evaluate the cooling performance of the additively manufactured cold plate in a recently developed HTPCS developed by the authors. The motivation of this work is to reduce the current multiple labor-intensive fabrication processes related to previous versions of this cold plate into only one single process. The cold plate removes ~ 210 W/cm2 from the heaters; however, the inconsistent trends of thermal resistances, as well as different thermal resistances among heaters, indicate that there are effects caused by external parameter(s) that adversely affect the wicking performance of the evaporation region. Although further detailed research is required to address discrepancies among thermal resistances, current limitations in the fabrication process, such as using internal supports inside the cold plate as well as limitations to decrease the pore size below a threshold value, are identified as possible reasons for inconsistency in thermal resistances. Such limitations need to be addressed through further research into the additive manufacturing processes.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114097698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. M. Iceri, J. L. Biazussi, C. Geest, R. Thompson, M. Castro
Materials with viscoplastic characteristics have being widely studied due to their applicability in industries, but also because of their common presence in nature. Fluids with such characteristic can be modelled by the equation known as Herschel-Bulkley. This type of fluid has a yield stress property, which is extremely important to characterize it. Carbopol solution is the most common fluid used for experimental studies involving this type of fluid. However, the Carbopol solution needs a neutralizing agent, which acts as a pH regulator, prevents the formation of fungus, but it also affects the yield stress. In the present work, measurements of the yield stress from flow curve tests, performed in a rheometer, were made for different combinations of Carbopol and Triethanolamine (neutralizing agent) concentrations. The yield stress increased with the increment in the concentration of both, Carbopol and Triethanolamine (TEA), in addition, it was observed that TEA concentrations must be greater than 500 ppm to avoid the formation of fungi and less than 700 ppm to obtain a homogeneous solution.
{"title":"Analysis of Carbopol And Triethanolamine Concentration in The Viscoplastic Properties of Aqueous Solution","authors":"D. M. Iceri, J. L. Biazussi, C. Geest, R. Thompson, M. Castro","doi":"10.11159/htff22.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.166","url":null,"abstract":"Materials with viscoplastic characteristics have being widely studied due to their applicability in industries, but also because of their common presence in nature. Fluids with such characteristic can be modelled by the equation known as Herschel-Bulkley. This type of fluid has a yield stress property, which is extremely important to characterize it. Carbopol solution is the most common fluid used for experimental studies involving this type of fluid. However, the Carbopol solution needs a neutralizing agent, which acts as a pH regulator, prevents the formation of fungus, but it also affects the yield stress. In the present work, measurements of the yield stress from flow curve tests, performed in a rheometer, were made for different combinations of Carbopol and Triethanolamine (neutralizing agent) concentrations. The yield stress increased with the increment in the concentration of both, Carbopol and Triethanolamine (TEA), in addition, it was observed that TEA concentrations must be greater than 500 ppm to avoid the formation of fungi and less than 700 ppm to obtain a homogeneous solution.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125923540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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