J. Bonet, M. Bascompta, P. Palà, Eduard Cámara, Arnau Arumi
{"title":"Development Of A Low-Cost Microelectromechanical System For The Digitisation Of Bore-holes","authors":"J. Bonet, M. Bascompta, P. Palà, Eduard Cámara, Arnau Arumi","doi":"10.11159/mmme22.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/mmme22.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
– The Limpopo and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa host hematitic iron ore deposits that, geologically, form part of the Transvaal Supergroup. Due to various geological processes that took place during the formation of the ore, textures are variable, and may be qualitatively described as massive, laminated, conglomeratic, brecciated, etc. These textures affect the separation efficiency during processing to upgrade low-grade ore by gravity separation. Mineralogy plays a crucial role during beneficiation; the obtained particle mineralogy can be linked to density classes to predict particle distribution during processing. Measures can thus be taken to improve the separation efficiency. Commonly used mineralogical techniques like automated scanning electron microscopy (AutoSEM) and optical microscopy, however, are not well-suited for coarse particle characterisation. For this study, therefore, the emerging technique, micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) imaging, was investigated to produce elemental maps for texture characterisation on coarse particles (>6mm) of an Fe ore sample from Limpopo, together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterise the coarse particle samples. The results show that the ore contains massive hematite as well as laminated hematite-quartz particles. These preliminary results predict that, for sink-float separation tests, massive hematite particles will be recovered at high density, but laminated hematite-gangue particles will be lost to the floats at different density classes, dependent on the ratio of hematite:gangue in the particles. Quantification of these effects is the next step in the study, towards establishing a predictive method for coarse particle distribution in gravity separation of Fe ore.
{"title":"Iron Ore Coarse Particle Characterisation: Towards Prediction of Particle Distribution in Gravity Separation Processing","authors":"Mapadi Olifant, D. Chetty, Bert L. Smith","doi":"10.11159/mmm22.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/mmm22.134","url":null,"abstract":"– The Limpopo and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa host hematitic iron ore deposits that, geologically, form part of the Transvaal Supergroup. Due to various geological processes that took place during the formation of the ore, textures are variable, and may be qualitatively described as massive, laminated, conglomeratic, brecciated, etc. These textures affect the separation efficiency during processing to upgrade low-grade ore by gravity separation. Mineralogy plays a crucial role during beneficiation; the obtained particle mineralogy can be linked to density classes to predict particle distribution during processing. Measures can thus be taken to improve the separation efficiency. Commonly used mineralogical techniques like automated scanning electron microscopy (AutoSEM) and optical microscopy, however, are not well-suited for coarse particle characterisation. For this study, therefore, the emerging technique, micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) imaging, was investigated to produce elemental maps for texture characterisation on coarse particles (>6mm) of an Fe ore sample from Limpopo, together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to characterise the coarse particle samples. The results show that the ore contains massive hematite as well as laminated hematite-quartz particles. These preliminary results predict that, for sink-float separation tests, massive hematite particles will be recovered at high density, but laminated hematite-gangue particles will be lost to the floats at different density classes, dependent on the ratio of hematite:gangue in the particles. Quantification of these effects is the next step in the study, towards establishing a predictive method for coarse particle distribution in gravity separation of Fe ore.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131742838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- For the wet friction pair, the UMT disc-disc test was carried out to study the temperature distribution of the friction interface. The influence of relative rotational speed, applied load, and lubricating oil flow rate on the temperature change of the friction interface was analyzed. It was found that the temperature field of the contact surface can be measured by drilling temperature measuring holes of different depths in the friction lining and arranging temperature sensors. During the sliding friction process, the temperature distribution of the friction interface is not uniform. Different radial depths have different temperature values. Near the radial midpoint of the inner diameter, the temperature value is the highest, and the temperature rise rate is the largest. Next is the radial midpoint position near the outer diameter. The temperature is lowest near the edges of the inner and outer diameters of the friction linings. The temperature value of the friction interface increases with the increase of relative rotational speed and applied pressure. When the friction pair working conditions are constant, the lubricating oil flow has a certain influence on the decrease of the friction interface temperature.
{"title":"Investigations of Contact Temperature in Disc-on-Disc Tribotesting \u0000under Boundary Lubrication","authors":"Qian Wang, Man Chen, Liang Yu, Liyong Wang, B. Ma","doi":"10.11159/icmie22.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icmie22.127","url":null,"abstract":"- For the wet friction pair, the UMT disc-disc test was carried out to study the temperature distribution of the friction interface. The influence of relative rotational speed, applied load, and lubricating oil flow rate on the temperature change of the friction interface was analyzed. It was found that the temperature field of the contact surface can be measured by drilling temperature measuring holes of different depths in the friction lining and arranging temperature sensors. During the sliding friction process, the temperature distribution of the friction interface is not uniform. Different radial depths have different temperature values. Near the radial midpoint of the inner diameter, the temperature value is the highest, and the temperature rise rate is the largest. Next is the radial midpoint position near the outer diameter. The temperature is lowest near the edges of the inner and outer diameters of the friction linings. The temperature value of the friction interface increases with the increase of relative rotational speed and applied pressure. When the friction pair working conditions are constant, the lubricating oil flow has a certain influence on the decrease of the friction interface temperature.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gouda El Mehdi, Benaouicha Mustapha, Neu Thibault, Fan Yilin, Luo Linga
Liquid piston technology has proved its efficiency into the achievement of Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage. While the concept is no more a new one, the description and the understanding of the physics of the flow and heat transfer during compression process are not completely achieved. Through a CFD study based on the resolution of Navierstokes equations and VOF method for interface tracking, a characterization of the flow and heat transfer inside the liquid piston, which are complex, are presented. The numerical results were validated and compared with the ones obtained in a former experimental study. Both velocity and temperature fields and profiles are analyzed locally and globally. In this study, it is found that with a compression ratio of 5 and compression time of 21s, the air's average temperature rises non linearly with 32K. The velocity and temperature profiles undergo several stages. A characteristic structure appears at the beginning of the compression where the flow is axisymmetric and remains so until its disruption. It is observed that the structure disruption occurs closer to the cylinder head moments after the highest local velocities are observed. Velocity fields analysis show that the air's velocity can be higher than 10 time the piston velocity.
{"title":"CFD Study Of Flow And Heat Transfer During Compression Process In A Liquid Piston For Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage","authors":"Gouda El Mehdi, Benaouicha Mustapha, Neu Thibault, Fan Yilin, Luo Linga","doi":"10.11159/htff22.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.171","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid piston technology has proved its efficiency into the achievement of Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage. While the concept is no more a new one, the description and the understanding of the physics of the flow and heat transfer during compression process are not completely achieved. Through a CFD study based on the resolution of Navierstokes equations and VOF method for interface tracking, a characterization of the flow and heat transfer inside the liquid piston, which are complex, are presented. The numerical results were validated and compared with the ones obtained in a former experimental study. Both velocity and temperature fields and profiles are analyzed locally and globally. In this study, it is found that with a compression ratio of 5 and compression time of 21s, the air's average temperature rises non linearly with 32K. The velocity and temperature profiles undergo several stages. A characteristic structure appears at the beginning of the compression where the flow is axisymmetric and remains so until its disruption. It is observed that the structure disruption occurs closer to the cylinder head moments after the highest local velocities are observed. Velocity fields analysis show that the air's velocity can be higher than 10 time the piston velocity.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117262191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Energy Architectures","authors":"Sylvie Lorente","doi":"10.11159/htff22.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123618322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Abstract R134a refrigerant has been applied to air conditioning systems for automobiles. However, R134a with a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430 should be phased out based on the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, in 2017, the European Parliament passed a law banning sale and operation of all automobiles that use refrigerants with a GWP of 150 or higher. Thus, R1234yf with a GWP of 4 is being applied to the air conditioning system for electric vehicles. However, R1234yf is more expensive than R134a [1]. Furthermore, when the outside temperature is below -10 ℃, the evaporator decreases to the vacuum pressure and the heating performance of an air source heat pump is significantly degraded [2]. Therefore, R152a, R290, and R600a are considered as alternative refrigerants [3] that have a low GWP and excellent thermodynamic properties with a relatively low price. However, these refrigerants have not been considered as alternatives to R134a owing to safety concerns with high flammability. The stability of the flammable refrigerants can be ensured by applying an indirect air conditioning system. The indirect system avoids the driver's exposure to flammable refrigerants and the coolant circulates the vehicle cabin for cooling and heating. The objective of this study is to quantitatively analyze the annual energy consumption of an indirect air conditioning system using R134a, R152a, and R290. Based on cycle
{"title":"Annual Energy Consumption of Indirect Air Conditioning Systems for Electric Vehicles Using Alternative Refrigerants","authors":"Soon-Doo Kwon, Yongchan Kim","doi":"10.11159/htff22.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.126","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract R134a refrigerant has been applied to air conditioning systems for automobiles. However, R134a with a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430 should be phased out based on the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, in 2017, the European Parliament passed a law banning sale and operation of all automobiles that use refrigerants with a GWP of 150 or higher. Thus, R1234yf with a GWP of 4 is being applied to the air conditioning system for electric vehicles. However, R1234yf is more expensive than R134a [1]. Furthermore, when the outside temperature is below -10 ℃, the evaporator decreases to the vacuum pressure and the heating performance of an air source heat pump is significantly degraded [2]. Therefore, R152a, R290, and R600a are considered as alternative refrigerants [3] that have a low GWP and excellent thermodynamic properties with a relatively low price. However, these refrigerants have not been considered as alternatives to R134a owing to safety concerns with high flammability. The stability of the flammable refrigerants can be ensured by applying an indirect air conditioning system. The indirect system avoids the driver's exposure to flammable refrigerants and the coolant circulates the vehicle cabin for cooling and heating. The objective of this study is to quantitatively analyze the annual energy consumption of an indirect air conditioning system using R134a, R152a, and R290. Based on cycle","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122323023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building an outpost on the moon has become a new frontier in deep space exploration [1-3]. The moon contains rich mineral and energy resources [4], provides 715,000 tons of helium-3, 70 trillion tons of TiO 2 and other mineral resources, and has important location resources such as space communication, exploration, and scientific experiments. However, due to the high Earth-to-Moon launch cost, the transportation of large amount of materials from Earth for the construction of lunar base is unfeasible. In-situ resource utilization (ISRU), which can make the exploration of the Moon much more sustainable by dramatically reducing the cost, has become a focal point of research targeted to developing technologies in support of the long-term on-site exploration. Solar energy and lunar soil are in-situ resources directly available on the lunar surface. The effective use of solar energy and lunar soil can greatly reduce the construction cost of the lunar base. In addition, the harsh environment of the moon, such as high vacuum, low gravity and large temperature difference, requires an unmanned and autonomous method to build infrastructure. The additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) system can meet the above requirements.
{"title":"3D Printing Of Lunar Soil Simulant towards Compact Structures","authors":"Yiwei Liu, X. Zhang, Qinggong Wang, Chao Wang, Jian Song, Xiong Chen, Wei Yao","doi":"10.11159/htff22.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.162","url":null,"abstract":"Building an outpost on the moon has become a new frontier in deep space exploration [1-3]. The moon contains rich mineral and energy resources [4], provides 715,000 tons of helium-3, 70 trillion tons of TiO 2 and other mineral resources, and has important location resources such as space communication, exploration, and scientific experiments. However, due to the high Earth-to-Moon launch cost, the transportation of large amount of materials from Earth for the construction of lunar base is unfeasible. In-situ resource utilization (ISRU), which can make the exploration of the Moon much more sustainable by dramatically reducing the cost, has become a focal point of research targeted to developing technologies in support of the long-term on-site exploration. Solar energy and lunar soil are in-situ resources directly available on the lunar surface. The effective use of solar energy and lunar soil can greatly reduce the construction cost of the lunar base. In addition, the harsh environment of the moon, such as high vacuum, low gravity and large temperature difference, requires an unmanned and autonomous method to build infrastructure. The additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) system can meet the above requirements.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114008614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller
Extended Abstract Around 900 million people in developing countries now live without access to clean drinking or industrial water. Water-borne pathogens cause particularly high death rates in children and immunocompromised people. In this context, the helminth eggs are of particular importance. Sedimentation is a widely used method for mechanical cleaning of wastewater. In order to use the sedimentation principle effectively, the sinking behavior of the particles should be known. In the case of the small sewage treatment plants, the question is more complex, as the residence times are shorter and the existing, possibly turbulent flow fields play a greater role for the movement of the pathogens. An overview on the problematic of parasites in wastewater solution methods was presented by Cornel and Kneidl [1]. The aim of the present research is the development of a validated computer simulation model to determine the sinking behavior of helminth eggs and its application to predict the separation characteristics of a small sewage treatment plant with a subsequent optimization of the separation behavior of helminth eggs in this plant. Experimental and numerical
{"title":"Mechanical Helminth Eggs Separation for Wastewater Purification: Analysis of the Fluid Dynamics","authors":"M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller","doi":"10.11159/htff22.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.117","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Around 900 million people in developing countries now live without access to clean drinking or industrial water. Water-borne pathogens cause particularly high death rates in children and immunocompromised people. In this context, the helminth eggs are of particular importance. Sedimentation is a widely used method for mechanical cleaning of wastewater. In order to use the sedimentation principle effectively, the sinking behavior of the particles should be known. In the case of the small sewage treatment plants, the question is more complex, as the residence times are shorter and the existing, possibly turbulent flow fields play a greater role for the movement of the pathogens. An overview on the problematic of parasites in wastewater solution methods was presented by Cornel and Kneidl [1]. The aim of the present research is the development of a validated computer simulation model to determine the sinking behavior of helminth eggs and its application to predict the separation characteristics of a small sewage treatment plant with a subsequent optimization of the separation behavior of helminth eggs in this plant. Experimental and numerical","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"22 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted great attention as a power source for automotive industry owing to their eco-friendly characteristics and high energy efficiency. The most important issues for the commercialization of PEMFCs are the high cost of Pt which is used as catalysts in PEMFCs and the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) speed in a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum group metals (PGMs) contribute to 21–45% of the total cost in a PEMFC stack [1]. Pt-M alloys have been studied to solve the issues by reducing Pt loading and enhancing PEMFC performance. Especially, among the alloys, a core-shell CoPt has very high surface reactivity which increases reaction speed [2]. Meanwhile, the application of a magnetic field to ORR catalysts has been investigated to increase ORR speed. Enhancement of catalyst reactivity in a magnetic field was due to paramagnetic oxygen which is attracted to magnetic poles. Catalyst reactivity was enhanced in a magnetic field regardless of the pole direction. Okada et al. [3] reported that a PEMFC with magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles in a catalyst layer showed better performance than that with not magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles. Therefore, magnetized core-shell CoPt nanoparticles have a great potential for the performance improvement of PEMFCs, but related research is very limited. In this study, the effect of magnetization on the
聚合物电解质膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)作为一种环保、高能效的汽车动力源受到了广泛的关注。影响PEMFCs商业化的最重要的问题是用作PEMFCs催化剂的Pt的高成本和阴极催化剂层中氧还原反应(ORR)速度慢。铂族金属(PGMs)占PEMFC堆叠总成本的21-45%。Pt- m合金的研究旨在通过降低Pt负载和提高PEMFC性能来解决这些问题。其中，核壳型CoPt具有很高的表面反应活性，提高了反应速度。同时，研究了在ORR催化剂上施加磁场以提高ORR速度的方法。催化剂在磁场中的反应性增强是由于顺磁性氧被磁极吸引。在磁场作用下，催化剂的反应活性增强，而与磁极方向无关。Okada et al.[3]报道在催化剂层中磁化Nd-Fe-B微粒的PEMFC比未磁化Nd-Fe-B微粒的PEMFC表现出更好的性能。因此，磁化的核壳CoPt纳米颗粒在提高PEMFCs性能方面具有很大的潜力，但相关的研究非常有限。在本研究中，研究了磁化强度对材料的影响
{"title":"ORR Enhancement Using Core-Shell Copt Magnetic Nanoparticles In Cathode Electrode Of Pemfcs","authors":"Jihyun Kim, W. Yang, Yongchan Kim","doi":"10.11159/htff22.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.149","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted great attention as a power source for automotive industry owing to their eco-friendly characteristics and high energy efficiency. The most important issues for the commercialization of PEMFCs are the high cost of Pt which is used as catalysts in PEMFCs and the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) speed in a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum group metals (PGMs) contribute to 21–45% of the total cost in a PEMFC stack [1]. Pt-M alloys have been studied to solve the issues by reducing Pt loading and enhancing PEMFC performance. Especially, among the alloys, a core-shell CoPt has very high surface reactivity which increases reaction speed [2]. Meanwhile, the application of a magnetic field to ORR catalysts has been investigated to increase ORR speed. Enhancement of catalyst reactivity in a magnetic field was due to paramagnetic oxygen which is attracted to magnetic poles. Catalyst reactivity was enhanced in a magnetic field regardless of the pole direction. Okada et al. [3] reported that a PEMFC with magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles in a catalyst layer showed better performance than that with not magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles. Therefore, magnetized core-shell CoPt nanoparticles have a great potential for the performance improvement of PEMFCs, but related research is very limited. In this study, the effect of magnetization on the","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116035894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
- Energy storage system(ESS) is an eco-friendly energy storage system but it has safety problems due to explosions and toxic gas. Because the fire in the ESS system is caused by the thermal runaway of the battery, early detection would be essential to avoid fire damage. Gas composition and gas diffusion during thermal runaway are important factors for early detection. Most of this research has been conducted in the battery cells. However, the ESS system consists of battery modules. The spacing distance between battery cells and the module shape affects the gas diffusion for modules. Therefore, the present study aims to numerically examine the gas diffusion characteristics during thermal runaway inside the battery modules, and estimate the time required for detection. Simulations were performed for three cases depending on the fire locations. Numerical results showed that the CO 2 concentration in EES modules reached 5,000 ppm as the criterion for detection, within 20 seconds after a fire occurs. In addition, faster detection would be possible when the sensors are installed adjacent to the cells at which thermal runaway occurs.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Gas Diffusion Characteristics during Thermal Runaway in ESS Battery Module","authors":"Dong Woo Kim, H. Ryou, Young Man Lee","doi":"10.11159/icmie22.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icmie22.126","url":null,"abstract":"- Energy storage system(ESS) is an eco-friendly energy storage system but it has safety problems due to explosions and toxic gas. Because the fire in the ESS system is caused by the thermal runaway of the battery, early detection would be essential to avoid fire damage. Gas composition and gas diffusion during thermal runaway are important factors for early detection. Most of this research has been conducted in the battery cells. However, the ESS system consists of battery modules. The spacing distance between battery cells and the module shape affects the gas diffusion for modules. Therefore, the present study aims to numerically examine the gas diffusion characteristics during thermal runaway inside the battery modules, and estimate the time required for detection. Simulations were performed for three cases depending on the fire locations. Numerical results showed that the CO 2 concentration in EES modules reached 5,000 ppm as the criterion for detection, within 20 seconds after a fire occurs. In addition, faster detection would be possible when the sensors are installed adjacent to the cells at which thermal runaway occurs.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126428072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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