Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00449-y
Sara Mehrez, Mustafa Ahmed Neamatallah, Zeinab Gomaa, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany, Mohammed Shahda, Hiam F Elsaied
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating disorder that has multifactorial etiology including genetic, neurobiological, cognitive, and environmental influences. Genetic studies have focused on the genes of the serotonin system. This study aimed to look for the possible relation between the polymorphism in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter gene and obsessive–compulsive disorder in the Egyptian population. This study included 94 OCD patients and 116 healthy control individuals. Blood samples were collected from all participants for DNA extraction and genotyping. The assessment of patients was done by application of the structured clinical interview according to DSM-V, the dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. There was an association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and OCD development. The carriage of the short allele was a risk factor for having OCD. Obsessive–compulsive disorder is associated with serotonin transporter gene polymorphism. This will contribute to considering the genetic information of patients for the prediction of best drug response and tolerability by personalizing the choice of treatment.
强迫症（OCD）是一种使人衰弱的疾病，其病因是多因素的，包括遗传、神经生物学、认知和环境影响。遗传学研究主要集中在血清素系统的基因上。本研究旨在寻找埃及人群中血清素转运体基因启动子区域的多态性与强迫症之间可能存在的关系。这项研究包括 94 名强迫症患者和 116 名健康对照者。研究人员采集了所有参与者的血液样本，用于 DNA 提取和基因分型。根据 DSM-V 和耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表对患者进行了结构化临床访谈评估。血清素转运体基因多态性与强迫症的发展存在关联。短等位基因携带者是患强迫症的危险因素。强迫症与血清素转运体基因多态性有关。这将有助于考虑患者的遗传信息，通过个性化治疗选择来预测最佳药物反应和耐受性。
{"title":"Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and obsessive–compulsive disorder in the Egyptian population","authors":"Sara Mehrez, Mustafa Ahmed Neamatallah, Zeinab Gomaa, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany, Mohammed Shahda, Hiam F Elsaied","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00449-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00449-y","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating disorder that has multifactorial etiology including genetic, neurobiological, cognitive, and environmental influences. Genetic studies have focused on the genes of the serotonin system. This study aimed to look for the possible relation between the polymorphism in the promotor region of the serotonin transporter gene and obsessive–compulsive disorder in the Egyptian population. This study included 94 OCD patients and 116 healthy control individuals. Blood samples were collected from all participants for DNA extraction and genotyping. The assessment of patients was done by application of the structured clinical interview according to DSM-V, the dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. There was an association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and OCD development. The carriage of the short allele was a risk factor for having OCD. Obsessive–compulsive disorder is associated with serotonin transporter gene polymorphism. This will contribute to considering the genetic information of patients for the prediction of best drug response and tolerability by personalizing the choice of treatment.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142194222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00447-0
Yasser Abo Raya, Mohammad Gamal Sehlo, Reehab Saeed Mahdy, Heba Mesbah Kotb, Abdallah Saad Ibrahim
The presence of childhood abuse is expected to have a great impact on several psychological domains on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. This study was designed to assess the psychological impact of history childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on five psychological domains among OCD patients (self-esteem, depression, suicidal risk, cognitive functions, and anxiety). This cross-sectional study included 101 OCD patients who were seen in the psychiatric department’s outpatient clinic at Zagazig University Hospital. They were diagnosed according to DSM-IV (SCID-I interview). All the patients were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Beck’s Suicide Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the MoCA scale (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test). The prevalence of childhood abuse in the studied group was 74.3%. 24.8% with emotional abuse, 20.8% with physical abuse, 16.8% with sexual abuse, and 11.9% of patients with emotional and physical neglect. The different types of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) were significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms, while emotional and physical neglect were associated with decreased self-esteem only among OCD patients. The most powerful and significant predictor of lower self-esteem and depression was sexual abuse, and it was also the only significant predictor of increased suicidal risk among OCD patients. History of childhood abuse was significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms among OCD patients. Only history of sexual abuse was significantly associated with increased suicidal risk. So, evaluation of the childhood abuse history is highly important among OCD patients to be incorporated in the management plan to reduce the suffering of OCD patients and for better improvement.
{"title":"The impact of childhood abuse on patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: an Egyptian study","authors":"Yasser Abo Raya, Mohammad Gamal Sehlo, Reehab Saeed Mahdy, Heba Mesbah Kotb, Abdallah Saad Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00447-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00447-0","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of childhood abuse is expected to have a great impact on several psychological domains on obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. This study was designed to assess the psychological impact of history childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on five psychological domains among OCD patients (self-esteem, depression, suicidal risk, cognitive functions, and anxiety). This cross-sectional study included 101 OCD patients who were seen in the psychiatric department’s outpatient clinic at Zagazig University Hospital. They were diagnosed according to DSM-IV (SCID-I interview). All the patients were assessed using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Beck’s Suicide Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the MoCA scale (Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test). The prevalence of childhood abuse in the studied group was 74.3%. 24.8% with emotional abuse, 20.8% with physical abuse, 16.8% with sexual abuse, and 11.9% of patients with emotional and physical neglect. The different types of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) were significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms, while emotional and physical neglect were associated with decreased self-esteem only among OCD patients. The most powerful and significant predictor of lower self-esteem and depression was sexual abuse, and it was also the only significant predictor of increased suicidal risk among OCD patients. History of childhood abuse was significantly associated with decreased self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms among OCD patients. Only history of sexual abuse was significantly associated with increased suicidal risk. So, evaluation of the childhood abuse history is highly important among OCD patients to be incorporated in the management plan to reduce the suffering of OCD patients and for better improvement.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing training process and medical curriculum of the medical profession are crucial for equipping them with necessary knowledge and skills, but it can also be challenging to balance the demands of a busy learning schedule, making this period stressful. This study has been aimed to determining the attitude towards suicide and their help-seeking behavior among medical undergraduates in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). Across medical colleges of the J&K region, an online survey was conducted among 275 medical undergraduates using Attitude Towards Suicide Scale-20 and General Help-Seeking Behavior Questionnaire. An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were carried out for statistical analysis in SPSS 25.0. The mean age of the participants was 22.05 years, including 116 male and 159 female students. Psychiatry posting was attended by 31.3% (N = 86) students. Students showed greater acceptability over suicide is preventable, and it is a cry for help. For personal and emotional problems, subjects preferred seeking help from informal sources, while for suicidal ideations, they exhibited inclination towards formal sources. Findings of the result should be utilized in preventing negative mental health consequences and in planning assistance to them. Medical students within the institution should receive counselling services from the psychiatry department in a non-stigmatizing manner.
{"title":"Attitude and help-seeking behavior towards suicide among medical students in Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Rajnish Raj, Zaid Ahmad Wani, Deeba Nazir, Inaamul Haq, Andleeba Rehman, Tanmay Jasrotia, Kulbushan Kumar, Rameez Ahmad Meer, Maajid Shafi Bhat","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00448-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00448-z","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing training process and medical curriculum of the medical profession are crucial for equipping them with necessary knowledge and skills, but it can also be challenging to balance the demands of a busy learning schedule, making this period stressful. This study has been aimed to determining the attitude towards suicide and their help-seeking behavior among medical undergraduates in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). Across medical colleges of the J&K region, an online survey was conducted among 275 medical undergraduates using Attitude Towards Suicide Scale-20 and General Help-Seeking Behavior Questionnaire. An independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were carried out for statistical analysis in SPSS 25.0. The mean age of the participants was 22.05 years, including 116 male and 159 female students. Psychiatry posting was attended by 31.3% (N = 86) students. Students showed greater acceptability over suicide is preventable, and it is a cry for help. For personal and emotional problems, subjects preferred seeking help from informal sources, while for suicidal ideations, they exhibited inclination towards formal sources. Findings of the result should be utilized in preventing negative mental health consequences and in planning assistance to them. Medical students within the institution should receive counselling services from the psychiatry department in a non-stigmatizing manner.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00444-3
Rajnish Raj, Syed Karrar Hussain, Zaid Ahmad Wani
Obsessions are recurrent ego-dystonic thoughts, images, or urges followed by compulsion to reduce them. The phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) along with comorbidities is essential for understanding treatment response. This study aimed to assess phenomenology, impairment, and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with OCD in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was done among 36 patients suffering from OCD. Socio-demographic and clinical details were collected with the application of Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for severity of illness, Children’s Global Assessment Scale for impairment assessment, and Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version for comorbidity. Thirty-six patients, comprising 20 male and 16 female subjects, with a mean age ± SD of 11 ± 3.4 years and a mean duration of illness of 12.30 months, were included in the study. A positive family history was noted in 30.6% of subjects. Mean C-YBOCS score was 24.44 (moderate to severe OCD) and the mean C-GAS score was 47.86, with 55.6% of subjects suffering from other comorbidities. Fear of contamination with washing and cleaning was among the most common themes in the population. Data was analyzed and presented as mean ± SD, frequencies, and percentages. Considering the increased prevalence of OCD in children and adolescent populations, a thorough symptom evaluation and any co-morbidities related to OCD should be considered by clinicians.
强迫症是指反复出现的自我强直性思维、图像或冲动，随后会强迫自己减少这些思维、图像或冲动。强迫症（OCD）的现象学以及合并症对于了解治疗反应至关重要。本研究旨在评估与儿童和青少年强迫症相关的现象学、损伤和精神疾病合并症。本研究对 36 名强迫症患者进行了横断面研究。在收集社会人口学和临床细节的同时，还采用了儿童耶鲁-布朗强迫症量表（Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale）来评估疾病的严重程度，儿童全面评估量表（Children's Global Assessment Scale）来评估障碍程度，以及 Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version（Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version）来评估合并症。研究共纳入 36 名患者，其中男性 20 人，女性 16 人，平均年龄（± SD）为 11 ± 3.4 岁，平均病程为 12.30 个月。30.6%的受试者有阳性家族史。C-YBOCS平均得分为24.44分（中度至重度强迫症），C-GAS平均得分为47.86分，55.6%的受试者患有其他合并症。害怕清洗和清洁造成污染是人群中最常见的主题之一。数据以均数±标准差、频率和百分比的形式进行分析和呈现。考虑到强迫症在儿童和青少年群体中的发病率越来越高，临床医生应考虑对强迫症的症状和合并症进行全面评估。
{"title":"OCD in children: phenomenology, impairment, and psychiatric co-morbidity—an experience from Kashmir","authors":"Rajnish Raj, Syed Karrar Hussain, Zaid Ahmad Wani","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00444-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00444-3","url":null,"abstract":"Obsessions are recurrent ego-dystonic thoughts, images, or urges followed by compulsion to reduce them. The phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) along with comorbidities is essential for understanding treatment response. This study aimed to assess phenomenology, impairment, and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with OCD in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was done among 36 patients suffering from OCD. Socio-demographic and clinical details were collected with the application of Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for severity of illness, Children’s Global Assessment Scale for impairment assessment, and Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version for comorbidity. Thirty-six patients, comprising 20 male and 16 female subjects, with a mean age ± SD of 11 ± 3.4 years and a mean duration of illness of 12.30 months, were included in the study. A positive family history was noted in 30.6% of subjects. Mean C-YBOCS score was 24.44 (moderate to severe OCD) and the mean C-GAS score was 47.86, with 55.6% of subjects suffering from other comorbidities. Fear of contamination with washing and cleaning was among the most common themes in the population. Data was analyzed and presented as mean ± SD, frequencies, and percentages. Considering the increased prevalence of OCD in children and adolescent populations, a thorough symptom evaluation and any co-morbidities related to OCD should be considered by clinicians.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (2019) pandemic may increase the likelihood of psychological symptoms that can reach the level of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to study psychiatric morbidity in patients with COVID-19 concerning gender differences and disease severity in the acute phase of infection and after 6 months. This is a multicenter follow-up study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04459403). Patients were recruited consecutively from three quarantine hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected through a questionnaire built using Google Forms including the Arabic versions of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed after 6 months. The study questionnaire was offered to 400 patients and 199 patients agreed to fill it. BDI and TAMS were higher in mild than moderate and severe COVID-19 (14, 8, 8, P-value = 0.009, 17, 13.5, 14, P-value = 0.04, respectively). Females showed a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and insomnia due to anxiety than males. Education level, marital status, previous psychiatric illness, and severity of COVID-19 independently affected depression. Marital status, family history of psychiatric illness, and chronic medical illness independently affected anxiety. On 6-month follow-up, BDI significantly decreased in males but not females. TMAS showed no significant changes, but the severity of anxiety was still higher in females. PTSD was more frequent in females (26 (37.1%) versus 4 (9.5%), respectively, P-value = 0.02). The prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety were higher in females than male participants, suggesting that females are more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Gender differences in patients with corona virus disease-2019 presenting with psychiatric disturbances: a multicentre study","authors":"Rabab Maher, Hend Ibrahim Shousha, Nagwan Madbouly, Shimaa Afify, Suaad Sayed Moussa, Noha Asem, Amr Abdelazeem, Eslam Mohamed Youssif, Khalid Yousef Harhira, Hazem Elmorsy, Hassan Elgarem, Mohamed Hassany, Basem Eysa, Mohamed El-Kassas","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00445-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00445-2","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (2019) pandemic may increase the likelihood of psychological symptoms that can reach the level of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to study psychiatric morbidity in patients with COVID-19 concerning gender differences and disease severity in the acute phase of infection and after 6 months. This is a multicenter follow-up study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04459403). Patients were recruited consecutively from three quarantine hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected through a questionnaire built using Google Forms including the Arabic versions of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed after 6 months. The study questionnaire was offered to 400 patients and 199 patients agreed to fill it. BDI and TAMS were higher in mild than moderate and severe COVID-19 (14, 8, 8, P-value = 0.009, 17, 13.5, 14, P-value = 0.04, respectively). Females showed a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and insomnia due to anxiety than males. Education level, marital status, previous psychiatric illness, and severity of COVID-19 independently affected depression. Marital status, family history of psychiatric illness, and chronic medical illness independently affected anxiety. On 6-month follow-up, BDI significantly decreased in males but not females. TMAS showed no significant changes, but the severity of anxiety was still higher in females. PTSD was more frequent in females (26 (37.1%) versus 4 (9.5%), respectively, P-value = 0.02). The prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety were higher in females than male participants, suggesting that females are more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00446-1
Afnan A. Alwabili, Nada I. AlGhammas, Hanoof H. ALkhalaf, Malak A. Almutairi
There has been increasing concern globally about the rise in workplace violence (WPV), which is considered a persistent problem generally overlooked by the public and professional organizations. WPV is a significant challenge faced by psychiatrists internationally, yet little is known about WPV among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of WPV against psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia and identify the types and sources of violence experienced as well as the associated risk factors that contribute to WPV. Among 239 psychiatrists, the prevalence of WPV in Saudi Arabia was 56.3%. The prevalence was particularly high among those working in the central region (55.4%) and in Ministry of Health hospitals, Violent behavior was exhibited mostly by patients 133 (99.3%), and the most common type of violence was verbal abuse 75 (56.0%). Respondents reported that patients’ health conditions, denial of admission to the hospital, and staff shortages were the most common triggers for violence. More than two-thirds of the psychiatrists (74.6%) did not require medical intervention after incidents of violence. The majority of psychiatrists felt either stressed (39%) or angry (22.0%) after such incidents. Reasons for not reporting violent events included feeling that violence is part of the job (76.9%) and being unaware of the violence reporting system (50.8%). This study underscores the significant prevalence of WPV among Saudi Arabian psychiatrists, especially in the central region and in Ministry of Health hospitals, notably in emergency rooms. Perpetrators are primarily psychiatric patients and their relatives. The issue is compounded by staffing shortages. WPV poses physical risks and causes psychological stress, negatively impacting productivity. Underreporting persists due to a lack of awareness or violence being perceived as part of the job. Addressing these challenges through raising awareness, providing support mechanisms, and enforcing regulations is essential to bolster workplace safety and patient care for psychiatrists.
{"title":"The prevalence and consequences of workplace violence among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Afnan A. Alwabili, Nada I. AlGhammas, Hanoof H. ALkhalaf, Malak A. Almutairi","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00446-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00446-1","url":null,"abstract":"There has been increasing concern globally about the rise in workplace violence (WPV), which is considered a persistent problem generally overlooked by the public and professional organizations. WPV is a significant challenge faced by psychiatrists internationally, yet little is known about WPV among psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of WPV against psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia and identify the types and sources of violence experienced as well as the associated risk factors that contribute to WPV. Among 239 psychiatrists, the prevalence of WPV in Saudi Arabia was 56.3%. The prevalence was particularly high among those working in the central region (55.4%) and in Ministry of Health hospitals, Violent behavior was exhibited mostly by patients 133 (99.3%), and the most common type of violence was verbal abuse 75 (56.0%). Respondents reported that patients’ health conditions, denial of admission to the hospital, and staff shortages were the most common triggers for violence. More than two-thirds of the psychiatrists (74.6%) did not require medical intervention after incidents of violence. The majority of psychiatrists felt either stressed (39%) or angry (22.0%) after such incidents. Reasons for not reporting violent events included feeling that violence is part of the job (76.9%) and being unaware of the violence reporting system (50.8%). This study underscores the significant prevalence of WPV among Saudi Arabian psychiatrists, especially in the central region and in Ministry of Health hospitals, notably in emergency rooms. Perpetrators are primarily psychiatric patients and their relatives. The issue is compounded by staffing shortages. WPV poses physical risks and causes psychological stress, negatively impacting productivity. Underreporting persists due to a lack of awareness or violence being perceived as part of the job. Addressing these challenges through raising awareness, providing support mechanisms, and enforcing regulations is essential to bolster workplace safety and patient care for psychiatrists.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00443-4
Alaa El Din Moustafa Hamed Abd Elaleem, Zeinab Abd El Halim Osman, Wafaa Osman Abd El-Fatah
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common condition most prevalent among children worldwide. When it comes to parenting, parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibit lower competency and more negative parenting behaviors than parents of children without the disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a nursing educational program on competency and practices among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A total of 50 parents, most of whom were mothers with children aged between 5 and 10 years and previously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were chosen at random and split into equal study and control groups. The study group received eight sessions of the nursing educational program, with each session lasting 60 to 90 min, while the control group only received routine interventions. The results of the current study show statistically significant differences between the study group and control group in terms of positive parenting practices, negative parenting practices, over-reactive practices, functional family practices, interactive practices, satisfactory parenting sense of competency, and effectiveness of parenting sense of competency. The nursing educational program presents benefits in improving parenting practices and enhancing parenting sense of competency among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
{"title":"Effect of a nursing educational program on competency and parenting practices among parents having children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Alaa El Din Moustafa Hamed Abd Elaleem, Zeinab Abd El Halim Osman, Wafaa Osman Abd El-Fatah","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00443-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00443-4","url":null,"abstract":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common condition most prevalent among children worldwide. When it comes to parenting, parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibit lower competency and more negative parenting behaviors than parents of children without the disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of a nursing educational program on competency and practices among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A total of 50 parents, most of whom were mothers with children aged between 5 and 10 years and previously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were chosen at random and split into equal study and control groups. The study group received eight sessions of the nursing educational program, with each session lasting 60 to 90 min, while the control group only received routine interventions. The results of the current study show statistically significant differences between the study group and control group in terms of positive parenting practices, negative parenting practices, over-reactive practices, functional family practices, interactive practices, satisfactory parenting sense of competency, and effectiveness of parenting sense of competency. The nursing educational program presents benefits in improving parenting practices and enhancing parenting sense of competency among parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are early neurodevelopmental disorders that present notable diagnostic problems and share clinical features. The current research intends to clarify the sensory profile, visual-evoked potential (VEP), and auditory-evoked potential of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and typically developing children (TD). We have observed sensory processing problems in 42–88% of children diagnosed with autism and approximately 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD. The parents of 37 children diagnosed with ASD, 41 children diagnosed with ADHD, and 43 children who were typically developing completed the short sensory profile (SSP) along with standardized questionnaires used to assess the symptoms and autistic behaviors. We assessed intellectual functioning and evoked potential in all the groups. There were more sensory problems in the ASD and ADHD groups than in the control group (P < 0.001); however, autism and ADHD differed in all subscales except unresponsiveness, auditory filtering, and visual/auditory subscales. Also, the ASD group and ADHD group showed a more significant delay in visual-evoked potential VEP than the control group (mean and SD of right eye p100 latency 150.85 ± 48.70 in ASD vs 119.28 ± 18.06 in ADHD vs 103.42 ± 5.19 in typically developing group, left p100 latency 141.09 in ASD ± 32.55 vs 116.51 ± 10.1 in ADHD vs 103.0 ± 5.91 typically developing group). Additionally, the ASD group significantly deviated from norms in the absolute latency of waves I, III, and V, as well as the inter-wave intervals of I–III and III–V in the auditory-evoked potential. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant distinction between the ADHD and the TD groups in terms of left wave III and V latency and left interpeak latency between I–III and III–V. Children diagnosed with ASD and ADHD have a greater likelihood than typically developing children to experience sensory processing abnormalities; as a result, we recommend basic assessment, follow-up, and designing the most appropriate intervention.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）都是早期神经发育障碍，存在显著的诊断问题和共同的临床特征。目前的研究旨在阐明被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和发育典型儿童（TD）的感官特征、视觉诱发电位（VEP）和听觉诱发电位。我们在 42-88% 的自闭症儿童和大约 50% 的多动症儿童中发现了感觉处理问题。37 名被诊断为自闭症的儿童、41 名被诊断为多动症的儿童和 43 名发育正常的儿童的家长填写了简短感觉档案 (SSP)，以及用于评估症状和自闭症行为的标准化问卷。我们评估了所有组别的智力功能和诱发电位。与对照组相比，自闭症多动症组和多动症组存在更多的感官问题（P < 0.001）；然而，除反应迟钝、听觉过滤和视觉/听觉分量表外，自闭症多动症组和多动症组在所有分量表上都存在差异。此外，与对照组相比，ASD 组和 ADHD 组的视觉诱发电位 VEP 出现了更明显的延迟（ASD 组右眼 p100 潜伏期的平均值和标度为 150.85 ± 48.70 vs ADHD 组为 119.28 ± 18.06 vs 典型发育组为 103.42 ± 5.19，ASD 组左眼 p100 潜伏期的平均值和标度为 141.09 ± 32.55 vs ADHD 组为 116.51 ± 10.1 vs 典型发育组为 103.0 ± 5.91）。此外，在听觉诱发电位中，ASD 组的 I 波、III 波和 V 波的绝对潜伏期以及 I-III 波和 III-V 波的波间间隔均明显偏离常模。此外，在左波 III 和 V 波潜伏期以及左波 I-III 和 III-V 波间潜伏期方面，ADHD 组与 TD 组之间存在统计学意义上的显著差异。被诊断为自闭症和多动症的儿童比发育正常的儿童更有可能出现感觉处理异常；因此，我们建议进行基本评估、跟踪和设计最合适的干预措施。
{"title":"Sensory processing patterns among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using short sensory profile and evoked potentials: a case–control study","authors":"Alaa Salah, Mostafa Amr, Mohamed El-Sayed, Mohamed ElWasify, Khaled Eltoukhy, Samer Salama, Salwa Tobar","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00441-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00441-6","url":null,"abstract":"Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are early neurodevelopmental disorders that present notable diagnostic problems and share clinical features. The current research intends to clarify the sensory profile, visual-evoked potential (VEP), and auditory-evoked potential of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ADHD, and typically developing children (TD). We have observed sensory processing problems in 42–88% of children diagnosed with autism and approximately 50% of children diagnosed with ADHD. The parents of 37 children diagnosed with ASD, 41 children diagnosed with ADHD, and 43 children who were typically developing completed the short sensory profile (SSP) along with standardized questionnaires used to assess the symptoms and autistic behaviors. We assessed intellectual functioning and evoked potential in all the groups. There were more sensory problems in the ASD and ADHD groups than in the control group (P < 0.001); however, autism and ADHD differed in all subscales except unresponsiveness, auditory filtering, and visual/auditory subscales. Also, the ASD group and ADHD group showed a more significant delay in visual-evoked potential VEP than the control group (mean and SD of right eye p100 latency 150.85 ± 48.70 in ASD vs 119.28 ± 18.06 in ADHD vs 103.42 ± 5.19 in typically developing group, left p100 latency 141.09 in ASD ± 32.55 vs 116.51 ± 10.1 in ADHD vs 103.0 ± 5.91 typically developing group). Additionally, the ASD group significantly deviated from norms in the absolute latency of waves I, III, and V, as well as the inter-wave intervals of I–III and III–V in the auditory-evoked potential. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant distinction between the ADHD and the TD groups in terms of left wave III and V latency and left interpeak latency between I–III and III–V. Children diagnosed with ASD and ADHD have a greater likelihood than typically developing children to experience sensory processing abnormalities; as a result, we recommend basic assessment, follow-up, and designing the most appropriate intervention.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1186/s43045-024-00439-0
Abdullah Alqifari, Raghad Ibrahim Albarrak, Yaqeen Fahad Alrubaish, Mayadah Assaf Alawaji, Reghd Husain Alkhalifah, Hana Nasser Alqifari, Mohammed Suleiman
Screen exposure among children continues to increase worldwide. It has negative effects on children of developmental age, including obesity, poor attention, sleep disorders, vision problems, language delays, and deficits in communication skills. It has been reported that parental depression is associated with both increased screen time for children and poor function and skills in children. However, other studies have reported no association between screen time and parental depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 340 parents of 4- to 6-year-old children in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the primary health care vaccination clinic by contacting parents of children aged 4 to 6 years to fill out the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) for the child and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) for the parents. We conducted a regression analysis to assess the influence of screen time exposure on social communication skills (SCQ score). The results of this study indicated that there was no significant effect observed (B = 0.283, P > 0.05), indicating that a positive correlation between screen time usage and SCQ score may not apply to the entire population. Conversely, we discovered a crucial link between screen time exposure and parental depression (PHQ), as it displayed noteworthy impact values (B = 1.136, P < 0.05), indicating an affirmative correlation between them. In addition, our results also indicated apparent positive associations between parental depression and SCQ scores (B = 0.229, P < 0.05). Our findings revealed that there was a significant association between parental depression and both screen time exposure and SCQ score, while there was no correlation between screen time exposure and SCQ score.
{"title":"The association between screen time exposure, parent depression, and development of social communication skills among preschool children in Qassim Region","authors":"Abdullah Alqifari, Raghad Ibrahim Albarrak, Yaqeen Fahad Alrubaish, Mayadah Assaf Alawaji, Reghd Husain Alkhalifah, Hana Nasser Alqifari, Mohammed Suleiman","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00439-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00439-0","url":null,"abstract":"Screen exposure among children continues to increase worldwide. It has negative effects on children of developmental age, including obesity, poor attention, sleep disorders, vision problems, language delays, and deficits in communication skills. It has been reported that parental depression is associated with both increased screen time for children and poor function and skills in children. However, other studies have reported no association between screen time and parental depression. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 340 parents of 4- to 6-year-old children in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the primary health care vaccination clinic by contacting parents of children aged 4 to 6 years to fill out the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) for the child and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) for the parents. We conducted a regression analysis to assess the influence of screen time exposure on social communication skills (SCQ score). The results of this study indicated that there was no significant effect observed (B = 0.283, P > 0.05), indicating that a positive correlation between screen time usage and SCQ score may not apply to the entire population. Conversely, we discovered a crucial link between screen time exposure and parental depression (PHQ), as it displayed noteworthy impact values (B = 1.136, P < 0.05), indicating an affirmative correlation between them. In addition, our results also indicated apparent positive associations between parental depression and SCQ scores (B = 0.229, P < 0.05). Our findings revealed that there was a significant association between parental depression and both screen time exposure and SCQ score, while there was no correlation between screen time exposure and SCQ score.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition that affects 1% of the global population. Understanding the prevalence and the factors predicting schizophrenia remission is crucial for healthcare providers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of remission and factors affecting the remission. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from 3 October, 2022, to 31 August, 2023, and included 271 participants. Remission was measured using Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) symptom severity-based criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS V.25. The mean age of participants was 34.2 with standard deviation (SD) of 10.5 years. Most were male (90%), unmarried (63.8%), lived with their relatives (91.9%), and were unemployed (56.5%). Fifty-two percent achieved symptomatic remission. Remission in patients with medication switched to SGAs increased by 1.9 times compared to patients without medication switch (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.2). Adherent patients had 2.7 times higher odds of symptomatic remission as compared to non-adherent patients (AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5,4.9), and for each unit increase in body mass index (BMI), the odds of achieving symptomatic remission were increased by 13% (AOR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). The odds of symptomatic remission decreased by 71% in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe side effects compared to their counterparts (AOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6). Our study revealed a symptomatic remission was achieved in 141 (52%) of the subjects. There is a possibility to improve symptomatic remission with counseling on the importance of adherence, monitoring and managing side effects, and switching medication to either risperidone or olanzapine. Measuring remission using RSWG time-based criteria is recommended.
{"title":"Symptomatic remission and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia on risperidone or olanzapine at Amanuel mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Melak Gedamu Beyene, Solomon Teferra, Teferi Gedif Fenta","doi":"10.1186/s43045-024-00440-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-024-00440-7","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition that affects 1% of the global population. Understanding the prevalence and the factors predicting schizophrenia remission is crucial for healthcare providers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of remission and factors affecting the remission. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital from 3 October, 2022, to 31 August, 2023, and included 271 participants. Remission was measured using Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group (RSWG) symptom severity-based criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS V.25. The mean age of participants was 34.2 with standard deviation (SD) of 10.5 years. Most were male (90%), unmarried (63.8%), lived with their relatives (91.9%), and were unemployed (56.5%). Fifty-two percent achieved symptomatic remission. Remission in patients with medication switched to SGAs increased by 1.9 times compared to patients without medication switch (AOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.2). Adherent patients had 2.7 times higher odds of symptomatic remission as compared to non-adherent patients (AOR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5,4.9), and for each unit increase in body mass index (BMI), the odds of achieving symptomatic remission were increased by 13% (AOR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23). The odds of symptomatic remission decreased by 71% in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe side effects compared to their counterparts (AOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6). Our study revealed a symptomatic remission was achieved in 141 (52%) of the subjects. There is a possibility to improve symptomatic remission with counseling on the importance of adherence, monitoring and managing side effects, and switching medication to either risperidone or olanzapine. Measuring remission using RSWG time-based criteria is recommended.","PeriodicalId":38653,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Current Psychiatry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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