Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports最新文献_第4页

Terpolymer donors incorporating Dichloroquinoxaline segments enable 19.10% efficiency all-polymer solar cells with extremely high open-circuit voltage of 0.986 V 含二氯喹啉段的三元共聚物供体使全聚合物太阳能电池具有19.10%的效率和极高的开路电压0.986 V

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101127

Chentong Liao , Wuke Qiu , Xingjian Dai , Zhaolong Liu , Hongli Wang , Min Deng , Xiaopeng Xu , Qiang Peng

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) possess mechanical flexibility and manufacturing advantages, yet their power conversion efficiency (PCE) still lags behind perovskite solar cells due to high energy loss (E_loss) and trade-off between open-circuit voltage (V_OC) and short-circuit current density (J_SC). This work addresses these limitations by developing terpolymers incorporating 6,7 difluoro-2-((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)-3-methylquinoxaline (Qx) segment (PM6-Qx5, PM6-Qx10, PM6-Qx15) into PM6 main chain. The introduced Qx is expected to lower the HOMO energy level, enhance quinoid resonance and strengthen intermolecular dipole interactions. The results confirm that all terpolymers achieve a lower-lying HOMO energy level, exhibited strong electrostatic potential and demonstrated excellent miscibility with the PY-DT. PM6-Qx10 has achieved the optimal balance between intramolecular and intermolecular interactions compared to PM6, forming a favorable fibrous network morphology for charge generation and transport, while simultaneously reducing non-radiative recombination. The PM6-Qx10:PY-DT device has achieved a high PCE of 19.10 %, with an extremely high V_OC of 0.986 V. Meanwhile, the E_loss is as low as 0.486 eV. Our study not only demonstrates an effective strategy for reducing E_loss in all-PSCs, optimizing active layer morphology, and simultaneously improving V_OC, J_SC and FF, but also provides valuable theoretical guidance for the molecular engineering principles of higher performance all-polymer photovoltaic cells.

全聚合物太阳能电池（all-PSCs）具有机械柔性化和制造优势，但由于能量损耗大、开路电压（VOC）和短路电流密度（JSC）之间的权衡，其功率转换效率（PCE）仍落后于钙钛矿太阳能电池。本工作通过开发含有6,7 二氟-2-（（2-己基癸基）氧）-3-甲基喹啉（Qx）段（PM6- qx5, PM6- qx10, PM6- qx15）的三聚体来解决这些限制。引入的Qx有望降低HOMO能级，增强醌共振，加强分子间偶极子相互作用。结果证实，所有三聚体均具有较低的HOMO能级，具有较强的静电势，并与PY-DT具有良好的混相性。与PM6相比，PM6- qx10实现了分子内和分子间相互作用的最佳平衡，形成了有利于电荷产生和传输的纤维网络形态，同时减少了非辐射重组。PM6-Qx10:PY-DT器件的PCE高达19.10 %，VOC高达0.986 V。同时，loss低至0.486 eV。我们的研究不仅为降低全聚合物光伏电池的损耗、优化活性层形态、同时提高VOC、JSC和FF提供了有效的策略，而且为高性能全聚合物光伏电池的分子工程原理提供了有价值的理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in catalysts and interface engineering for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers 高性能质子交换膜水电解槽催化剂及界面工程研究进展

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101124

Muhammad Arshad , Akbar Bashir , Haseebul Hassan , Shuiping Luo , Muhammad Bilal , Muhammad Wasim , Wen Chen , Lei Xie , Jing-Li Luo , Xian-Zhu Fu

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis has emerged as the most promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production, enabling the decarbonization of energy systems and hard-to-abate industrial sectors. This comprehensive review critically examines recent breakthroughs and persistent challenges across the entire PEMWE value chain, from advanced materials to system integration and large-scale deployment. We present a detailed analysis of cutting-edge developments in electrocatalysts, including atomically dispersed Ir/Ru oxides, high-entropy alloys, and non-precious metal alternatives that achieve superior activity and stability while reducing noble metal loadings to ≤ 0.1 mg cm⁻². This study systematically evaluates advanced membrane innovations, including ultrathin reinforced perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) and hydrocarbon-based alternatives, which achieve simultaneous high proton conductivity and exceptional mechanical durability. A special focus is placed on engineering solutions for porous transport layers and bipolar plates that address critical mass transport limitations at high current densities (≥ 3.0 A cm⁻²). Beyond component-level advances, we analyse system integration strategies, including dynamic operation (0–200 % rated power), hybrid renewable energy coupling, and high-pressure electrolysis (up to 100 bar), that enhance efficiency and economic viability. We provide a critical assessment of key technological barriers, including membrane degradation mechanisms, catalyst dissolution pathways, and the iridium supply chain crisis, while proposing mitigation strategies through advanced manufacturing and alternative approaches. By integrating fundamental research with industrial perspectives, we present a deployment roadmap that underscores the essential interplay of materials innovation, policy frameworks, and market mechanisms to unlock PEMWE’s potential for the global energy transition.

质子交换膜（PEM）电解已成为最有前途的可持续制氢技术，使能源系统脱碳和难以减排的工业部门成为可能。这篇全面的综述严格审查了整个PEMWE价值链的最新突破和持续挑战，从先进材料到系统集成和大规模部署。我们详细分析了电催化剂的最新发展，包括原子分散的Ir/Ru氧化物、高熵合金和非贵金属替代品，这些替代品在将贵金属负载降低到≤ 0.1 mg cm−2的同时，实现了卓越的活性和稳定性。这项研究系统地评估了先进的膜创新，包括超薄增强全氟磺酸（PFSA）和碳氢化合物基替代品，它们同时实现了高质子导电性和卓越的机械耐久性。特别关注多孔传输层和双极板的工程解决方案，以解决高电流密度（≥3.0 A cm−2）下的临界质量传输限制。除了组件级的进步，我们还分析了系统集成策略，包括动态操作（0-200 %额定功率），混合可再生能源耦合和高压电解（高达100 bar），这些策略提高了效率和经济可行性。我们对关键技术障碍进行了关键评估，包括膜降解机制、催化剂溶解途径和铱供应链危机，同时提出了通过先进制造和替代方法缓解战略。通过将基础研究与工业观点相结合，我们提出了一个部署路线图，强调了材料创新、政策框架和市场机制之间的基本相互作用，以释放PEMWE在全球能源转型中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in polysaccharide-based food packaging: Functionalization strategies and sustainability considerations 基于多糖的食品包装的进展：功能化策略和可持续性考虑

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101128

Hossein Baniasadi , Roozbeh Abidnejad , Mahyar Fazeli , Jukka Niskanen , Erlantz Lizundia

The food packaging industry generates escalating environmental challenges due to the pervasive use of single-use petroleum-derived plastics, which contribute to climate change, pollution, and microplastic contamination. Polysaccharides have emerged as promising renewable alternatives for food packaging materials. This review critically evaluates recent advances regarding functionalization strategies aimed at improving the mechanical, barrier, and functional properties of polysaccharide-based packaging films. Special attention is paid to chemical modification, blending with bioactive agents, and incorporation of nanomaterials. These strategies significantly enhance the material properties and extend the functionality of polysaccharide-based films, such as antimicrobial, UV-blocking, and pH-indicating capabilities. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and material circularity considerations are provided to compare the environmental sustainability of polysaccharide-based packaging against conventional petroleum-derived plastics, highlighting the environmental trade-offs associated with the adoption of biopolymer-based materials. Additionally, the review critically examines the current limitations and challenges related to scaling up production and achieving cost-effectiveness, thus offering insights into the practical implementation of these materials in the food packaging industry. Finally, key research opportunities are identified, emphasizing the need for further studies to address the challenges of large-scale implementation and cost efficiency in the transition to more sustainable food packaging solutions.

由于普遍使用一次性石油衍生塑料，食品包装行业产生了不断升级的环境挑战，这有助于气候变化，污染和微塑料污染。多糖已成为有前途的可再生食品包装材料的替代品。这篇综述批判性地评估了最近关于功能化策略的进展，旨在改善多糖基包装薄膜的机械、屏障和功能特性。特别关注的是化学改性，与生物活性剂的混合，以及纳米材料的掺入。这些策略显著提高了材料性能，扩展了多糖基膜的功能，如抗菌、紫外线阻挡和ph指示能力。提供了生命周期评估（LCA）和材料循环考虑，以比较多糖基包装与传统石油衍生塑料的环境可持续性，突出与采用生物聚合物基材料相关的环境权衡。此外，审查严格审查当前的限制和挑战有关扩大生产和实现成本效益，从而提供洞察这些材料在食品包装行业的实际实施。最后，确定了关键的研究机会，强调需要进一步研究，以解决大规模实施和成本效率的挑战，过渡到更可持续的食品包装解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in the synthesis, scaling, processing and technoeconomic analysis of metal-organic frameworks towards industrial applications 面向工业应用的金属有机骨架的合成、标度、加工和技术经济分析的最新进展

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101123

Zi Li , Xinyu Yang , Chuanzhi Ju , Tian Tian , Jingwei Hou , Zhigang Hu , Jianxin Zou

Economical and efficient synthesis and processing technologies are essential for industrial-level applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). To bridge the gap between lab-scale synthesis and commercial applications, we here provide a comprehensive and holistic review on the challenges of transitioning MOF materials from the laboratory agent to commercial products, and further to industrial-scale applications, with an emphasis on existing approaches and technologies for the large-scale synthesis and processing and technoeconomic feasibility of MOFs. We also pinpoint the fundamental principles on the metal-ligand reaction mechanism and elaborate on their impact on MOF synthesis and stability. In addition, novel synthesis mechanisms and processing methods and technologies are covered, such as electron-beam radiation method, melt-quench method, sol-gel method, liquid-phase sintering technology, monolithic technology, plasma/laser-assisted technology, etc. In particular, the importance of AI in the design, fabrication and processing of MOFs is highlignted in the current milieu of AI+materials paradigm. We thus aim to provide in-depth insights into the design and development of efficient and versatile synthetic and processing approaches and technologies to promote practical MOF-based applications in addressing the current global energy and environment challenges.

经济高效的合成和加工技术是金属有机骨架材料工业化应用的基础。为了弥合实验室规模合成和商业应用之间的差距，我们在这里提供了一个全面和全面的回顾，从实验室试剂过渡到商业产品，进一步到工业规模应用的MOF材料的挑战，重点是现有的方法和技术的大规模合成和加工和MOF的技术经济可行性。我们还指出了金属配体反应机理的基本原理，并阐述了它们对MOF合成和稳定性的影响。此外，还介绍了新的合成机理和加工方法和技术，如电子束辐射法、熔融淬火法、溶胶-凝胶法、液相烧结技术、单片技术、等离子体/激光辅助技术等。特别是在当前人工智能+材料范式的背景下，人工智能在mof设计、制造和加工中的重要性得到了突出体现。因此，我们的目标是为高效和通用的合成和加工方法和技术的设计和开发提供深入的见解，以促进基于mof的实际应用，以应对当前的全球能源和环境挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Unresolved controversies in perovskite-based antiferroelectrics: Fundamentals and frontiers 钙钛矿基反铁电体未解决的争议：基础和前沿

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101121

Tianfu Zhang , Yangyang Si

Antiferroelectrics have emerged as a critical material in condensed matter physics, holding transformative potential for next-generation technologies including high energy-density capacitor, electromechanical systems, and electric field-modulated thermal switching devices. Since the theoretical postulation of antiferroelectricity and the identification of PbZrO₃ as the first prototypical antiferroelectric, this field has evolved through seven decades of interdisciplinary research. Nevertheless, enduring ambiguities in fundamental principles continue to impede both theoretical comprehension and technological utilization. In this review, we revisit the intricate landscape of antiferroelectric fundamentals, examining prevailing debates and unresolved controversies. Moreover, we critically address the ambiguous definitions of antiferroelectricity, structural complexities, the elusive origins, and the intricate mechanisms underlying phase transitions. By integrating historical context with recent experimental and theoretical progress, this review aims to stimulate innovative solutions to long-standing questions, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental antiferroelectric phenomena and their practical applications in energy storage, electronic devices, and quantum technologies.

反铁电体已经成为凝聚态物理中的一种关键材料，在下一代技术（包括高能量密度电容器、机电系统和电场调制热开关器件）中具有变革潜力。自从反铁电性的理论假设和PbZrO3作为第一个原型反铁电性的确定以来，这一领域已经发展了七十年的跨学科研究。然而，基本原则的长期含糊不清继续阻碍理论理解和技术利用。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了反铁电基本原理的复杂景观，检查了流行的辩论和未解决的争议。此外，我们批判性地解决了反铁电性的模糊定义、结构复杂性、难以捉摸的起源以及相变背后的复杂机制。通过将历史背景与最近的实验和理论进展相结合，本综述旨在激发长期存在的问题的创新解决方案，从而弥合基本反铁电现象与其在能量存储，电子器件和量子技术中的实际应用之间的差距。

{"title":"Unresolved controversies in perovskite-based antiferroelectrics: Fundamentals and frontiers","authors":"Tianfu Zhang , Yangyang Si","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antiferroelectrics have emerged as a critical material in condensed matter physics, holding transformative potential for next-generation technologies including high energy-density capacitor, electromechanical systems, and electric field-modulated thermal switching devices. Since the theoretical postulation of antiferroelectricity and the identification of PbZrO<sub>3</sub> as the first prototypical antiferroelectric, this field has evolved through seven decades of interdisciplinary research. Nevertheless, enduring ambiguities in fundamental principles continue to impede both theoretical comprehension and technological utilization. In this review, we revisit the intricate landscape of antiferroelectric fundamentals, examining prevailing debates and unresolved controversies. Moreover, we critically address the ambiguous definitions of antiferroelectricity, structural complexities, the elusive origins, and the intricate mechanisms underlying phase transitions. By integrating historical context with recent experimental and theoretical progress, this review aims to stimulate innovative solutions to long-standing questions, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental antiferroelectric phenomena and their practical applications in energy storage, electronic devices, and quantum technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101121"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ester-functionalized nonfullerene acceptors modulate crystallinity enabling 20% efficiency organic solar cells with scalability 酯功能化的非富勒烯受体调节结晶度，使有机太阳能电池具有20%的效率和可扩展性

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101118

Gengsui Tian , Yao Chen , Yaohui Li , Lei Liu , Qianyi Ma , Shengnan Duan , Chaisa Uragami , Hideki Hashimoto , Peihao Huang , Chunming Yang , Yang (Michael) Yang , Shirong Lu , Zeyun Xiao

The strategic molecular design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is pivotal for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Transitioning from high-efficiency small-area devices to large-area modules requires equally meticulous device engineering, yet this critical aspect is often overlooked. Here, we report two new NFAs (Pz-E2F and Pz-E2Cl) designed through an ester-functionalization strategy on the phenazine (Pz) core, a departure from conventional halogenation approaches and enhance the OSC performance from 0.1 cm² device (20.03 % efficiency) to 19.3 cm² modules (15.56 % efficiency). Theoretical and experimental analyses demonstrate that ester functionalization of the central Pz-core enhances electrostatic interactions, crystallinity, and donor-acceptor miscibility compared to the non-ester-functionalized Pz-2F, thus improving exciton dissociation efficiency, reducing exciton recombination rates, creating more balanced hole/electron mobility, and enhancing charge generation in OSC devices. This work provides a holistic solution for OSCs by bridging molecular design, nanoscale crystallization, device physics, and module engineering, addressing critical gaps between molecules and modules.

非富勒烯受体（nfa）的战略性分子设计是提高有机太阳能电池（OSCs）效率的关键。从高效率的小面积器件过渡到大面积模块同样需要细致的器件工程，然而这一关键方面往往被忽视。在这里，我们报道了两种新的nfa （Pz- e2f和Pz- e2cl）通过在吩那嗪（Pz）核心上的酯功能化策略设计，与传统的卤化方法不同，并将OSC性能从0.1 cm2器件（20.03 %效率）提高到19.3 cm2模块（15.56 %效率）。理论和实验分析表明，与非酯功能化的Pz-2F相比，中心pz核的酯功能化增强了静电相互作用、结晶度和供体-受体混溶性，从而提高了激子解离效率，降低了激子重组速率，创造了更平衡的空穴/电子迁移率，并增强了OSC器件中的电荷生成。这项工作通过连接分子设计，纳米级结晶，器件物理和模块工程，解决分子和模块之间的关键差距，为OSCs提供了整体解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Photodegradable hydrogels: Connecting network evolution and material properties by a photo-chemo-mechanical coupling model 光降解水凝胶：通过光化学-力学耦合模型连接网络演化和材料性能

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101116

Feixiang Huang , Binhong Liu , Yujun Guo , Zixu Yang , Siming Li , Zhe Chen , Shaoxing Qu

Degradable hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility, controllable mechanical properties, and mass transfer capabilities, making them widely applicable in wound dressings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. By incorporating photo-responsive components into the polymer network, degradable hydrogels can respond to precisely controlled light fields. However, mechanical modeling works on photodegradable hydrogels remain relatively limited. A finite deformation theory coupling photochemical principles is needed to comprehensively describe the mechanical behavior of photodegradable hydrogels. In this study, we developed a photo-chemo-mechanical coupling constitutive model of photodegradable hydrogels within the framework of continuum mechanics. The model involves the photochemical kinetics of the photo-induced degradation process and depicts the evolution of networks in the degradation process using sub-networks, providing a microscopic image more consistent with the degradation mechanism. The model characterizes the changes in mechanical properties and swelling deformation after photodegradation, and corresponding experimental validations are conducted. Building upon this theoretical model, specific recipe compositions and degradation conditions are systematically discussed, and the parameter-property relationships are bridged. This constitutive model reveals the photodegradation mechanism of the hydrogel network at the microscopic level and can predict mechanical behavior at the macroscopic level, guiding the synthesis and application of photodegradable hydrogels.

可降解水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可控的力学性能和传质能力，在伤口敷料、给药和组织工程等领域有着广泛的应用。通过将光响应成分整合到聚合物网络中，可降解的水凝胶可以对精确控制的光场做出反应。然而，关于光降解水凝胶的力学建模工作仍然相对有限。需要结合光化学原理的有限变形理论来全面描述光降解水凝胶的力学行为。在本研究中，我们在连续介质力学的框架下建立了光降解水凝胶的光化学-力学耦合本构模型。该模型涉及光诱导降解过程的光化学动力学，并利用子网络描述了降解过程中网络的演变，提供了更符合降解机制的微观图像。该模型表征了光降解后的力学性能和膨胀变形的变化，并进行了相应的实验验证。在此理论模型的基础上，系统地讨论了具体的配方组成和降解条件，并建立了参数-性能关系。该本构模型在微观层面揭示了水凝胶网络的光降解机理，在宏观层面预测了水凝胶的力学行为，指导了光降解水凝胶的合成和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Scalable hard carbon production for sodium-ion batteries: Integrated precursor selection, thermochemical conversion, and tandem processing 钠离子电池的可扩展硬碳生产：集成前驱体选择，热化学转化和串联处理

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101094

Jian Yin , Danfeng Li , Chen Yang , Hu Zhang , Ruiyao Wu , Rutong Yang , Anjie Liu , Feng Yu , Jiao Yin , Hui Zhu

Sodium-ion battery has been widely regarded as a cost effective and scalable solution for short/medium-term energy storage, where hard carbon anode serves as a crucial role in determining the energy density and charging rate of full-cell device. To date, most studies have focused on the synthesis strategies and performance of hard carbons at laboratory scale, while few reports address the industrial production processes from the perspective of thermochemical transformation and carbon structure evolution. Herein, we evaluate research and development strategies of hard carbons from the viewpoint of processing operation and industrial production, mainly including precursor selection, pretreatment, carbonization, and post treatment. Notably, thermochemical transformation and engineering are highlighted as a key part to tailor carbon skeleton for Na-ion storage. Finally, challenges in large-scale production and future research directions are outlined for hard carbon enhancement and Na-ion full-cell development.

钠离子电池已被广泛认为是一种具有成本效益和可扩展性的中短期储能解决方案，其中硬碳阳极在决定全电池装置的能量密度和充电速率方面起着至关重要的作用。迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在实验室规模的硬碳合成策略和性能上，而从热化学转化和碳结构演化的角度研究工业生产过程的报道很少。本文从加工操作和工业生产的角度对硬炭的研发策略进行了评价，主要包括前驱体的选择、预处理、炭化和后处理。值得注意的是，热化学转化和工程是定制na离子存储碳骨架的关键部分。最后，展望了硬碳增强和钠离子全电池的大规模生产面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring cyano-functionalized covalent organic frameworks with highly ordered charge network structure for efficient hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis 为高效过氧化氢光合作用定制具有高度有序电荷网络结构的氰化共价有机框架

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101117

Linjie Zhou , Xiaoke Jia , Yujie Wang , Kun Xiong , Jiani Yang , Yuxuan Kong , Mengchao Guo , Xiaohui Xu , Shuang Li , Xiancheng Ren , Chong Cheng

As a vital industrial oxidant, H₂O₂ suffers from energy-intensive conventional production methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts for producing H₂O₂. Conventional imine-linked COFs suffer from inefficient charge separation due to electron localization at nitrogen atoms, which disrupts π-conjugation and promotes charge recombination. To overcome these limitations, we propose cyano-vinylene-linked COFs with precisely designed highly ordered charge networks as an alternative to conventional imine-linked frameworks. The vinyl bridges establish continuous π-conjugation pathways for charge separation, while the cyano groups guide directional electron transfer, collectively forming an efficient charge transport network. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that synergy between the π-conjugated backbone and cyano groups enhances electron mobility and facilitates electron injection into O₂, accelerating *OOH formation and oxygen reduction. Using benzotrithiophene-2,5,8-tricarboxaldehyde (BTT) as a key building block, we synthesized three distinct COF architectures: an imine-linked framework (Mph-2NH₂-COF) and two cyano-vinylene-linked variants (Bph-2CN-COF and Mph-2CN-COF). Experimentally, the optimized Mph-2CN-COF achieves a record H₂O₂ production rate of 9423.2 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ under alkaline conditions, with stable performance over 8 h in a flow reactor, and completes benzylamine coupling in 90 min. These findings demonstrate that constructing highly ordered charge networks is an effective strategy for high-performance photocatalysis, enabling sustainable H₂O₂ production and organic synthesis.

H2O2作为一种重要的工业氧化剂，传统的生产方法需要耗费大量能源。共价有机框架（COFs）是一种很有前途的光催化剂。由于氮原子上的电子定位破坏了π共轭作用，促进了电荷的复合，使得传统的亚胺连接COFs的电荷分离效率低下。为了克服这些限制，我们提出了具有精确设计的高度有序电荷网络的氰乙烯链COFs，作为传统亚胺链框架的替代方案。乙烯基桥为电荷分离建立了连续的π共轭通道，而氰基引导定向电子转移，共同形成了有效的电荷传输网络。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，π共轭主链和氰基之间的协同作用增强了电子迁移率，促进了电子注入O2，加速了*OOH的形成和氧还原。以苯并三噻吩-2,5,8-三羧醛（BTT）为主要构建块，我们合成了三种不同的COF结构：亚胺连接的框架（Mph-2NH2-COF）和两个氰基乙烯连接的变体（Bph-2CN-COF和Mph-2CN-COF）。实验结果表明，优化后的Mph-2CN-COF在碱性条件下H2O2产率达到9423.2 μmol g−1 h−1，在流动反应器中稳定性能超过8 h，并在90 min内完成苄胺偶联。这些发现表明，构建高度有序的电荷网络是高效光催化的有效策略，可以实现可持续的H2O2生产和有机合成。

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引用次数: 0

Towards intelligent defect detection in metal powder bed fusion: A review of in situ monitoring, data pre-processing, and machine learning 金属粉末床熔合中的智能缺陷检测：现场监测、数据预处理和机器学习的综述

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101112

Pan Wang , Zicheng Wu , Jason Jyi Sheuan Ten, Jiazhao Huang, Mui Ling Sharon Nai

Metal powder bed fusion (PBF) is a pivotal additive manufacturing (AM) technique for producing metallic parts. However, it is plagued by defects such as porosity, cracks, and warping, which compromise the quality of the final product. In response, there is a growing interest in leveraging in situ monitoring, data pre-processing, and machine learning (ML) techniques for defect detection and prediction in the metal PBF process. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current advancements in these areas. Specifically, we highlight the emerging trend of data pre-processing that serves as a bridge between in situ monitoring and ML. By addressing challenges such as background noise, data loss, and large volumes of data, pre-processing of in situ monitoring data plays a crucial role in improving the accuracy of defect detection and prediction in the metal PBF process. We also discuss notable methodologies, technologies, and trends in the field, offering insights into the current challenges and potential prospects for advancing in situ monitoring, data pre-processing, and ML techniques for defect investigation in metal PBF printed components.

金属粉末床熔融（PBF）是一种关键的增材制造技术，用于生产金属零件。然而，它受到气孔、裂缝和翘曲等缺陷的困扰，这些缺陷会影响最终产品的质量。因此，人们对利用现场监测、数据预处理和机器学习（ML）技术来检测和预测金属PBF工艺中的缺陷越来越感兴趣。本综述对这些领域的最新进展进行了全面分析。具体来说，我们强调了作为原位监测和机器学习之间桥梁的数据预处理的新兴趋势。通过解决背景噪声、数据丢失和大量数据等挑战，原位监测数据的预处理在提高金属PBF过程中缺陷检测和预测的准确性方面起着至关重要的作用。我们还讨论了该领域中值得注意的方法、技术和趋势，提供了当前的挑战和潜在的前景，以推进原位监测、数据预处理和ML技术，用于金属PBF印刷部件的缺陷调查。

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