Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports最新文献

{"title":"Biomass-based porous materials for thermal insulation","authors":"Yang Ding ,&nbsp;Chuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Guiqin Xu ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Xin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arqam Khan ,&nbsp;Boxuan Wu ,&nbsp;Kaihe Lv ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Sun ,&nbsp;Chaozheng Liu ,&nbsp;Lixia Yang ,&nbsp;Mei-Chun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, environmental protection, energy conservation, and health are globally significant issues that have garnered widespread attention. In the pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly development, biomass-based porous materials (BPMs) have demonstrated revolutionary potential for thermal insulation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in BPMs for thermal insulation. Initially, the heat transfer mechanisms in BPMs, including solid conduction, gas conduction, and radiation, are discussed. Then, key factors influencing the insulation performance of BPMs, including microstructure, the intrinsic properties of their components, thermal stability, and application environments, are summarized to guide material selection and structural design. BPMs are then classified dimensionally (i.e., 1D, 2D, and 3D), with a detailed analysis of fabrication methodologies, raw material sources (e.g., proteins, cellulose, chitosan, alginate, and lignin), and performance characteristics. Applications of BPMs in emerging thermal insulation domains, including personal thermal management, building, electronic devices, oil and gas industry, aerospace industry, and vehicles industry, are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the inherent superiority of BPMs in terms of biodegradability and recyclability is highlighted, underscoring their superiority to petroleum-based counterparts. This review is expected to stimulate further research and development of BPMs in thermal insulation applications, accelerating advancements in both fundamental studies and industrial commercialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101138"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β–phase hydroxide-steered inner-hosted metal sites for exceptional hydrogen production","authors":"Jitendra N. Tiwari ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umer ,&nbsp;Gokul Bhaskaran ,&nbsp;Matthias Vandichel ,&nbsp;Min Gyu Kim ,&nbsp;Hionsuck Baik ,&nbsp;Yun Suk Huh ,&nbsp;Young-Kyu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density metal single-atom catalysts (M–SACs) tend to aggregate during synthesis and electrocatalytic processes. To prevent this aggregation, it is essential to develop ultra-low-density M–SACs that exhibit high catalytic activity and stability, which is highly challenging. Additionally, M–SACs maximize the utilization of the active sites and thus increase the atomic efficiency for electrocatalysis. Here, we present the <em>β</em>–phase and <em>α</em>–phase hydroxide-functionalized metals [<em>β</em>–Ni(OH)₂ and <em>α</em>–Co(OH)₂] as sacrificial templates to produce various M–SACs (M = Pt, Ir, Pd, and Ru) embedded in porous nitrogen-bonded carbon sheets, where the metal hydroxides interact strongly with dicyandiamide–metal complexes, effectively preventing the aggregation of isolated metal atoms. The <em>β</em>–Ni(OH)₂-driven platinum variant catalyst (Pt−0.38 wt%:<em><strong>β</strong></em><strong>–Pt</strong>_{<strong>SAs</strong>}<strong>/S</strong>_{<strong>800</strong>}; Pt−0.54 wt%:<em><strong>β</strong></em><strong>–Pt</strong>_{<strong>SAs</strong>}<strong>/S</strong>_{<strong>850</strong>}) demonstrates zero-onset potential, ultra-low overpotential (15 mV at 10 mA cm⁻²), exceptional stability over 10 days of operation, and unprecedented turnover frequencies of 3.68/3.38 H₂ s⁻¹/Pt-site, which are 78/72 times higher than that of 20 wt%Pt/C (0.047 H₂ s⁻¹/Pt-site) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Notably, <em><strong>β</strong></em><strong>–Pt</strong>_{<strong>SAs</strong>}<strong>/S</strong>_{<strong>850</strong>}-based proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) achieves a current density of 3.0 A cm⁻² at a low voltage of 1.75 V_cell@80 ℃ [exceeding the Department of Energy 2026 target], along with stable operation for over 200 h at a current density of 1.0 A cm⁻². Experimental observation and theoretical calculations indicate that the inner-hosted PtN₂ moieties remain intact within the graphitic sheets due to their lower formation energy under acidic conditions, effectively reducing the overall HER energy barriers and showcasing the true active sites responsible for the remarkable catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145374611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue and damage tolerance performance of additively-manufactured titanium alloys for structural application: A comprehensive review","authors":"Jianwen Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Michael J. Bermingham ,&nbsp;Hamish L. Fraser ,&nbsp;Peter Hodgson ,&nbsp;Martin Heilmaier ,&nbsp;Alberto Boretti ,&nbsp;Yuman Zhu ,&nbsp;Aijun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium (Ti) alloys have emerged as one of the most sought-after metallic materials for additive manufacturing (AM). This originates from the unparalleled synergy of AM's capability to produce intricate geometries and the superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance inherent to Ti alloys. Despite these benefits, AM Ti alloys continue to face persistent challenges that hinder their in-service reliability and broader adoption. Unlike conventionally manufacturing, AM introduces unique microstructural features such as non-uniform residual stresses and inhomogeneous grain structures, which often result in pronounced variability in material properties. Crucially, this variability underscores an urgent need for thorough performance evaluation of AM-produced parts, especially for critical structural applications where safety and durability are paramount. Previous reviews have broadly addressed AM Ti alloys' static properties and general processing challenges. In contrast, this review takes a comprehensive approach to examine the dynamic performance aspects—specifically, fatigue and damage tolerance—which remain insufficiently summarized yet vital for real-world applications. It deepens into the underlying mechanisms governing these properties, emphasizing the influence of key defects (e.g., porosity, segregation) as well as microstructural characteristics such as grain morphology and residual stresses. Additionally, this work expands the discussion to assess the behavior of AM Ti alloys under extreme environmental conditions (high-temperature and cryogenic operations), which are increasing demand in the automotive and energy sectors. By providing a detailed evaluation of these critical aspects, this review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps, offering actionable insights to refine AM Ti alloy processing and enhance their structural reliability for demanding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101135"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired artificial vision system based on photoelectric memristors","authors":"Shuangsuo Mao ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Zelin Cao ,&nbsp;Shouhui Zhu ,&nbsp;Guangdong Zhou ,&nbsp;Bai Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional artificial vision systems are constrained by the von Neumann architecture, which segregates the components responsible for image perception, memory, and processing. This segregation results in low integration, high energy consumption, and inefficient processing. In contrast to traditional vision systems, bio-inspired neuromorphic vision systems utilize photoelectric memristors to integrate sensing, memory, and computation, enabling parallel processing of visual information. These systems can not only emulate the retina direct response to light signals to perform image preprocessing tasks, such as noise reduction and contrast enhancement, but also replicate the image recognition and classification functions of the brain visual cortex. Additionally, they offer a reliable hardware platform to enable progress in complex artificial vision technologies. This review primarily summarizes the research progress in artificial visual systems based on photoelectric memristors, offering an overview of their device structure, working mechanisms, material and device design, as well as their applications and challenges in artificial vision. This work is intended to analyze new technologies and their future outlook, focusing on how they may fuel innovation and facilitate extensive adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101137"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging stimuli-reversible chromic papers: Mechanisms, nanostructures, properties, and applications","authors":"Tiandi Chen,&nbsp;Junze Zhang,&nbsp;Cuiqin Fang,&nbsp;Jian Lu,&nbsp;Zhenguo Gao,&nbsp;Di Tan,&nbsp;Bingang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To generate an infinite spectrum of vibrant colors, both nature and human can exquisitely manipulate matter and its interactions with light through finely screened materials, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and precisely regulated processes. Even in today’s digital world, rewritable paper-based stimuli-responsive chromic materials remain essential to socioeconomic development and the advancement of civilization, leading to the creation of sophisticated optical materials and devices. In this review, we systematically explore various types of stimuli-responsive chromic papers, categorized by their color-changing mechanisms, including thermo-, photo-, hydro-, mechano-, electrochromism, and others such as light emission, structural color, electronic chromism, and coordination chemistry. Our aim is to comprehensively elucidate the relationships among structure, properties, functions, and applications of these color-changing systems across disciplines, demonstrating their diverse applications in dynamic color displays, inkless printing, information encryption, anti-counterfeiting technologies, smart home products, healthcare, and diagnostic systems. Furthermore, we highlight current challenges and future perspectives in the design and fabrication of sustainable rewritable papers. This review is expected to attract significant interest from the advanced materials community, as well as photonic devices, nanotechnology, and engineering, thereby fostering significant breakthroughs in both scientific investigations and commercial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge strategies for efficient low-concentration CO2 photoreduction","authors":"Huilin Hou,&nbsp;Dongjiang Yang,&nbsp;Weiyou Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction offers a promising route to address climate change while producing sustainable solar fuels. However, achieving efficient conversion under low CO₂ concentrations, especially at atmospheric levels near 400 ppm, remains highly challenging due to sluggish kinetics, limited accessibility of active sites, and complex multi-electron pathways. This review critically evaluates recent advances in photocatalyst design and application-oriented strategies that seek to overcome these limitations. High-surface-area frameworks such as MOFs and COFs, defect-engineered nanosheets, and conjugated porous polymers have been developed to enhance CO₂ adsorption and charge carrier dynamics. Additional strategies to improve light harvesting and charge separation include noble metal modification and heterojunction construction. Application-oriented approaches are also highlighted, including the integration of photocatalysis with direct air capture and the design of catalysts that maintain activity in the presence of O₂, SO_X, and other impurities. Despite progress, CO remains the dominant product under dilute conditions, while selective formation of C₂₊ products remains rare and energy intensive. Future progress will require rationally designed hierarchical architectures, multifunctional catalysts, and in situ mechanistic investigations. Artificial intelligence and high-throughput screening are emerging as powerful tools for accelerating discovery. Together, these strategies define a roadmap toward scalable CO₂ conversion technologies under realistic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: Synthesis strategies and functionalization techniques","authors":"Amol M. Kale ,&nbsp;Jagadis Gautam ,&nbsp;Jishu Rawal ,&nbsp;Pooja Varma ,&nbsp;Seung Jun Lee ,&nbsp;Seul-Yi Lee ,&nbsp;Soo-Jin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose a growing environmental and public health crisis, necessitating the development of advanced, sustainable remediation strategies. Carbon nanostructures (CNSs)—including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, quantum dots (CQDs/GQDs), and nanodiamonds—offer unprecedented photocatalytic potential owing to their tunable dimensionality (0D–3D), high surface area, and exceptional charge transport. This review delivers a mechanistically driven and application-oriented perspective on CNS-based photocatalysts, emphasizing structure–property correlations, targeted surface engineering, and advanced synthesis routes. We highlight how heteroatom doping, defect manipulation, and covalent/non-covalent functionalization modulate band gaps, enhance light harvesting, and accelerate interfacial charge transfer. At the same time, type-II and Z-scheme heterojunction architectures preserve redox potential and minimize recombination. Uniquely, this article integrates green synthesis strategies, computational modeling, machine learning, and toxicity assessments into a unified design roadmap, offering insights beyond conventional literature surveys. Remaining challenges—such as synthesis reproducibility, dispersibility, photostability, and environmental risk—are critically analyzed, with strategic recommendations for scalable, low-cost, and safe CNS deployment. By bridging mechanistic fundamentals with translational pathways, this review positions CNSs as next-generation, high-performance platforms for large-scale photocatalytic water purification and pollutant degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the fundamental interactions within Li-ion battery electrolyte components and the solvation structure-property relationships","authors":"Jinwei Chen ,&nbsp;Fanbo Meng ,&nbsp;Zhenzhong Yang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Renzong Hu ,&nbsp;Min Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an efficient approach, electrolyte optimization has been extensively studied and leads to significant improvements in battery performance. Compared with the specific formulations, the interactions between electrolyte components and the resulting solvation structures have attracted widespread attention. This is because they provide deep insights into the solvation structure-property relationships of electrolytes. Faced with rapid progress in understanding the various interactions within electrolyte in recent years, it is crucial to promptly summarize these advances in detail and establish a theoretical framework. Such a framework will aid in comprehending the essence behind the performance enhancement of numerous existing formulations and guiding future electrolyte design. In this review, we begin by summarizing the processes related to ion transport and interfacial chemistry in electrolytes, along with their relationship to electrolyte solvation structures. Building on this foundation, detailed analysis is provided on how the various interactions within the electrolyte influence the solvation structure and consequently impact the above two key functions. Furthermore, some conflicting aspects and feasible strategies in interaction regulation are discussed. With a comprehensive and deep understanding of the fundamental interactions and solvation structure-property relationships, bottom-up electrolyte design can be achieved, improving the efficiency and precision of electrolyte development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-responsive smart materials for biomedical applications","authors":"Cheng Lin ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Yang ,&nbsp;Fenghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanju Liu ,&nbsp;Jinsong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The convergence of materials science and biomedicine has driven a paradigm shift towards personalized, responsive medical solutions. This review focuses on three pivotal classes of stimuli-responsive smart materials: shape memory polymers (SMPs), stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRHs), and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), for transformative biomedical applications. SMPs offer programmable shape recovery triggered by stimuli (e.g., temperature, light), enabling minimally invasive procedures and adaptive scaffolds. SRHs combine the biocompatibility and softness of traditional hydrogels with dynamic, multifunctional responses to environmental cues like heat, light, or pH. LCEs uniquely integrate liquid crystal order with elastomeric networks, exhibiting reversible deformation and actuation ideal for biomimetic prosthetics and tissue engineering. Critically, the emergence of 4D printing technology, integrating these SRMs with additive manufacturing, overcomes limitations of static fabrication by enabling the creation of structures that dynamically transform in situ under specific triggers. This allows precise spatiotemporal control for complex, personalized medical devices across scales. The review systematically summarizes recent advancements in SMPs, SRHs, and LCEs, elucidates their fundamental stimulus-responsive mechanisms, explores their integration with 4D printing, and examines diverse biomedical applications. Key challenges and future prospects are thoroughly analyzed to guide the strategic development of next-generation intelligent biomedical materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101126"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humidity/photothermal dual-responsive TpPa-SO3H/Ag@MXene actuator for intelligent thermal management","authors":"Song Luo ,&nbsp;Xiaohe Tian ,&nbsp;Li Pan ,&nbsp;Runhua Zhou ,&nbsp;Shunda Zhu ,&nbsp;Zuyi Yan ,&nbsp;Kui Rao ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Shaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing severity of urban heat islands, personal thermal management (PTM) has emerged as a critical solution for maintaining human thermophysiological comfort in dynamic environments. Traditional air conditioning systems are energy-intensive and lack individualized control, highlighting the need for efficient, low-energy PTM strategies. Current PTM materials often operate in static modes, limiting their adaptability to varying conditions. To overcome this, we developed a Janus-structured humidity-photothermal actuator (TpPa-SO₃H/Ag@M) by integrating a TpPa-SO₃H covalent organic framework (COF) for rapid water transport and a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-intercalated MXene (Ag@M) for humidity gradient formation and enhanced photothermal conversion. The COF layer facilitates moisture accumulation, while the Ag@M laminar structure delays water diffusion, enabling a sensitive humidity response. AgNPs expand the MXene interlayer spacing, improving water uptake and response efficiency by triple compared to initial TpPa-SO₃H/MXene systems, while also preventing structural collapse during cycling. Additionally, AgNPs enables strong solar absorption, boosting photothermal performance. Under combined humidity and light stimulation, the Janus actuator exhibits dynamic bending, enabling autonomous sweat evaporation and body temperature regulation without external energy input. This dual-responsive design offers a promising approach for adaptive, energy-efficient PTM in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}