Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports最新文献_第10页

Review of progress in 4D printing of piezoelectric energy harvesters 压电能量采集器4D打印研究进展综述

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101072

Amal Megdich, Mohamed Habibi, Luc Laperrière

The fabrication of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) has evolved significantly over the past three decades, transitioning from mechanization to automation and computerization. Additive manufacturing (AM), a forefront technology in advanced manufacturing, has been extensively used to design and produce complex components from piezoelectric materials. By integrating the fourth dimension, we can improve the fabrication of PEHs, allowing them to alter their shape while converting mechanical stress into electrical energy, thus adding dynamic functionality and broadening their application spectrum. Despite the extensive literature on 3D printing of piezoelectric materials and 4D printing technology, a notable research gap exists in merging these two fields. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing a comparative analysis of 3D-printed piezoelectric materials and shape memory materials, discussing the relevant AM technologies, stimuli, and smart materials, and highlighting innovative integration methods. Furthermore, we explore a novel approach termed '4D printing of piezoelectric energy harvesters.' This innovative method merges the principles of 4D printing with the advanced capabilities of 3D printing of piezoelectric materials, resulting in multifunctional devices that can adapt and respond to external stimuli over time. The article also addresses the challenges and opportunities in optimizing AM processes to enhance the performance and functionality of these advanced materials and devices.

压电能量收集器（PEHs）的制造在过去三十年中发生了重大变化，从机械化过渡到自动化和计算机化。增材制造（AM）是先进制造领域的前沿技术，已广泛应用于压电材料复杂部件的设计和生产。通过整合第四个维度，我们可以改进PEHs的制造，允许它们在将机械应力转换为电能的同时改变其形状，从而增加动态功能并扩大其应用范围。尽管关于压电材料3D打印和4D打印技术的文献很多，但在将两者融合的过程中存在明显的研究空白。本文旨在通过对3d打印压电材料和形状记忆材料的比较分析，讨论相关的AM技术，刺激和智能材料，并强调创新的集成方法，来弥合这一差距。此外，我们还探索了一种名为“压电能量收集器的4D打印”的新方法。这种创新的方法将4D打印的原理与压电材料3D打印的先进功能结合在一起，产生了多功能设备，可以随着时间的推移适应和响应外部刺激。本文还讨论了优化增材制造工艺以提高这些先进材料和设备的性能和功能的挑战和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

3D/4D printing of stimuli-responsive polymers in biomedical engineering: Materials, stimulations, and applications 生物医学工程中刺激响应聚合物的3D/4D打印：材料，刺激和应用

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101071

Wenzheng Wu , Jiaqing Wang , Guiwei Li

Four-dimensional (4D) printing integrates smart materials with three-dimensional (3D) printing to create structures that undergo programmable shape or property changes. These transformations are triggered by external stimuli including humidity, light, heat, electric fields, or magnetic fields. Leveraging adaptability, self-regulation, and self-deformation capabilities, this technology shows transformative potential in biomedical engineering applications such as tissue engineering, implantable devices, drug delivery systems, and precision medical instruments. This review systematically examines 4D printing's role in biomedical innovation, focusing on material selection, stimulus-response mechanisms, and emerging applications. Following an overview of 4D printing's foundational concepts and principles, the analysis delves into stimulus-responsive polymers in biomedical contexts. The transformative potential of shape-morphing polymers is explored across smart implants, adaptive medical devices, controlled drug release platforms, biofabricated organs, and minimally invasive surgical solutions. Current trends and future trajectories in biomedical 3D/4D printing are critically evaluated, highlighting technical challenges, material innovation opportunities, and translational pathways for clinical implementation in this dynamic interdisciplinary field.

四维（4D）打印将智能材料与三维（3D）打印相结合，以创建可编程形状或属性变化的结构。这些转变是由外部刺激触发的，包括湿度、光、热、电场或磁场。利用适应性、自我调节和自我变形能力，这项技术在生物医学工程应用中显示出革命性的潜力，如组织工程、植入式设备、药物输送系统和精密医疗仪器。本文系统地探讨了4D打印在生物医学创新中的作用，重点是材料选择，刺激-反应机制和新兴应用。以下4D打印的基本概念和原理的概述，分析深入到生物医学环境中的刺激反应聚合物。在智能植入物、自适应医疗设备、受控药物释放平台、生物制造器官和微创手术解决方案中，探索了形状变形聚合物的变革潜力。对生物医学3D/4D打印的当前趋势和未来轨迹进行了批判性评估，突出了技术挑战、材料创新机会以及在这个充满活力的跨学科领域中临床实施的转化途径。

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引用次数: 0

Microwave-assisted graphite as a catalysts free cathode for highly efficient aluminum-based electrochemical energy systems 微波辅助石墨作为高效铝基电化学能量系统的无催化剂阴极

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101070

Muthukumar Perumalsamy , Vijayakumar Elumalai , Arunprasath Sathyaseelan , Agilan Perumal , Deepan Kumar Madhu , Sang-Jae Kim

Aluminum-air batteries (AABs) hold promises for scalable energy storage, but developing cost-effective, high-performance cathodes remains challenging. We present an innovative microwave-assisted (MW) fabrication method to create a high disordered graphite as a catalyst-free cathode for enhancing the performance of an aluminum electrochemical energy system (Al-EES). Using MW-treated graphite with a catholyte ie., sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈) eliminates the need for traditional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) cathodes, raising the device voltage from 1.46 V to 2.02 V and achieving an energy density of 2314 Wh/kg_Al. As a result, the MW process enriches charge transfer pathways, increases active sites, and boosts the electrocatalytic performance of the Na₂S₂O₈. Advanced characterization techniques, including Raman mapping, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, confirm enhanced graphitization and functionalization, leading to improved efficiency. This innovation streamlines the electrode design by replacing complex, high-cost cathodes (catalysts, air-breathing layer, binder, etc.). It allows the modified graphite to serve as both cathode and bipolar plate, reducing system costs by 90 % compared to conventional Al-air batteries. The advancements result in a peak power density of 161 mW cm⁻², 2.5 times higher than Al-air systems, and exceptional discharge performance, setting a new standard for cost-effective, high-performance Al-based energy conversion devices. Our results demonstrate a scalable, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable pathway for next-generation energy storage systems.

铝-空气电池（AABs）有望实现可扩展的能量存储，但开发具有成本效益的高性能阴极仍然具有挑战性。我们提出了一种创新的微波辅助（MW）制造方法来制造高无序石墨作为无催化剂阴极，以提高铝电化学能量系统（Al-EES）的性能。使用mw处理的石墨和阴极电解质。利用过硫酸钠（Na2S2O8）消除了传统氧还原反应（ORR）阴极的需求，将器件电压从1.46 V提高到2.02 V，实现了2314 Wh/kgAl的能量密度。结果表明，MW工艺丰富了Na2S2O8的电荷转移途径，增加了活性位点，提高了Na2S2O8的电催化性能。先进的表征技术，包括拉曼映射、扫描电化学显微镜（SECM）和密度泛函理论（DFT）计算，证实了石墨化和功能化的增强，从而提高了效率。这项创新通过取代复杂、高成本的阴极（催化剂、空气呼吸层、粘合剂等），简化了电极设计。它允许改性石墨作为阴极和双极板，与传统的铝空气电池相比，降低了90% %的系统成本。这一进步使其峰值功率密度达到161 mW cm−2，是Al-air系统的2.5倍，并且具有出色的放电性能，为经济高效的高性能al基能量转换设备树立了新标准。我们的研究结果为下一代储能系统展示了一种可扩展的、经济上可行的、环境上可持续的途径。

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引用次数: 0

High-performance indoor organic photovoltaics based on vertical acenaphthylene derivatives with halogen substitution: Suppressing energetic disorder and optimizing charge dynamics 基于卤素取代的垂直苊衍生物的高性能室内有机光伏：抑制能量紊乱和优化电荷动力学

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101066

Shuai Xu , Hao Wang , Ruijie Ma , Jiaming Huang , Yang Xu , Pai Peng , Tengying Ma , Nan Ye , Baicheng Wang , Ninggui Ma , Youdi Zhang , Wei Gao , Xiaotian Hu , Gang Li , Yiwang Chen

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have shown great potential for indoor photovoltaic technology, owing to their advantages of strong light absorption characteristics, versatile color options and adjustable bandgap. However, substantial energetic disorder in active layer materials severely limits device performance under low-light conditions, presenting a major challenge for indoor photovoltaic applications. In this study, we have designed and synthesized four novel non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) incorporating vertical acenaphthylene derivatives via halogen substitution strategies, namely GWQ20, Z3, Z4, and Z5, tailored specifically for indoor optoelectronic applications. Z3, Z4, and Z5 show much suppressed non-radiative energy loss and reduced energetic disorder but poor charge generation and recombination than GWQ20. Subsequently, for further device performance enhancement under indoor condition, it’s necessary to combine their distinct advantages via ternary strategy. As a result, target ternary devices based on Z4/Z5 both perform much better performance: 25.8 %/25.6 % vs 20.8 % under 1000 lux LED, and 30.1 %/30.2 % vs 26.8 % under 2000 lux LED, attributed to simultaneously minimized energy loss and protected charge behavior. These results are appealing the cutting-edge level of the field. Beyond efficiency, we herewith demonstrate that reducing energetic disorder is a key factor to improve the free carrier generation for indoor performance improvement, which could be instructive for future development of material design and device optimization on this type of OPVs.

有机太阳能电池（OSCs）由于具有强的光吸收特性、多种颜色选择和可调的带隙等优点，在室内光伏技术中显示出巨大的潜力。然而，有源层材料中大量的能量紊乱严重限制了器件在低光条件下的性能，这对室内光伏应用提出了重大挑战。在这项研究中，我们设计并合成了四种新型的非富勒烯受体（nfa），通过卤素取代策略，包含垂直苊衍生物，即GWQ20， Z3， Z4和Z5，专门用于室内光电应用。与GWQ20相比，Z3、Z4和Z5的非辐射能量损失和能量无序程度明显降低，但电荷生成和复合能力较差。因此，为了进一步提高设备在室内条件下的性能，需要通过三元策略将它们各自的优势结合起来。结果，基于Z4/Z5的目标三元器件都表现出更好的性能：在1000勒克斯LED下，25.8 %/25.6 % vs 20.8 %，在2000勒克斯LED下，30.1 %/30.2 % vs 26.8 %，这归功于同时最小化的能量损失和保护电荷行为。这些结果吸引了该领域的尖端水平。除了效率之外，我们还证明了减少能量紊乱是改善室内性能的自由载流子产生的关键因素，这对未来该类型opv的材料设计和器件优化具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ stress-induced modulation of Moiré pattern configuration and electromechanical response in twisted 2D heterostructure 扭曲二维异质结构中莫尔条纹形态和机电响应的地应力诱导调制

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101065

Er Pan , Fan Yang , Qing Liu , Ruixue Wang , Xiao Luo , Biao Dong , Zefen Li , Lei Liang , Jiangang Chen , Fucai Liu

Moiré patterns, with the unique stacking configurations and complex electromechanical coupling behaviors, have emerged as a promising platform for exploring novel physical phenomena. However, research on polarization in Moiré patterns remains in its early stages, and the origin and distribution of spontaneous polarization remain unknown. In this work, the out-of-plane polarization distribution of Moiré superlattices in twisted h-BN (t-BN) with a small twist angle is meticulously delineated using piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) with quadrature phase differential interferometry (QPDI) analyzer. The polarization of AB/BA stacking domains and saddle points regions has been detected, where opposite polarization regions exhibit a 180 degrees phase difference. The strain within the Moiré pattern significantly alters the polarization distribution at saddle points regions, leading to pronounced differences in the electromechanical behaviors between the inner Moiré domain and domain wall regions. Moreover, in-situ stress can modify the saddle points regions, leading to an expansion of these regions and a larger electromechanical response with increasing stress. This work not only deepens the comprehension of the electromechanical performance of Moiré materials, but also lays a solid groundwork for the designing new ferroelectric materials and manipulating their electromechanical response.

波纹图具有独特的叠加结构和复杂的机电耦合行为，是探索新型物理现象的一个有前途的平台。然而，对莫尔条纹偏振的研究还处于初级阶段，自发偏振的起源和分布仍然不清楚。本文利用压电力显微镜（PFM）和正交相位差干涉（QPDI）分析仪，详细描述了具有小扭转角的扭曲h-BN （t-BN）中moir超晶格的面外偏振分布。检测到AB/BA叠加域和鞍点区域的极化，其中相反极化区呈现180度的相位差。莫尔条纹内的应变显著改变了鞍点区域的极化分布，导致莫尔条纹内区和畴壁区机电行为的显著差异。此外，地应力可以改变鞍点区域，导致这些区域的扩展，并随着应力的增加而产生更大的机电响应。这项工作不仅加深了对铁电材料机电性能的理解，而且为设计新型铁电材料和控制其机电响应奠定了坚实的基础。

{"title":"In-situ stress-induced modulation of Moiré pattern configuration and electromechanical response in twisted 2D heterostructure","authors":"Er Pan , Fan Yang , Qing Liu , Ruixue Wang , Xiao Luo , Biao Dong , Zefen Li , Lei Liang , Jiangang Chen , Fucai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mser.2025.101065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moiré patterns, with the unique stacking configurations and complex electromechanical coupling behaviors, have emerged as a promising platform for exploring novel physical phenomena. However, research on polarization in Moiré patterns remains in its early stages, and the origin and distribution of spontaneous polarization remain unknown. In this work, the out-of-plane polarization distribution of Moiré superlattices in twisted h-BN (t-BN) with a small twist angle is meticulously delineated using piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) with quadrature phase differential interferometry (QPDI) analyzer. The polarization of AB/BA stacking domains and saddle points regions has been detected, where opposite polarization regions exhibit a 180 degrees phase difference. The strain within the Moiré pattern significantly alters the polarization distribution at saddle points regions, leading to pronounced differences in the electromechanical behaviors between the inner Moiré domain and domain wall regions. Moreover, <em>in-situ</em> stress can modify the saddle points regions, leading to an expansion of these regions and a larger electromechanical response with increasing stress. This work not only deepens the comprehension of the electromechanical performance of Moiré materials, but also lays a solid groundwork for the designing new ferroelectric materials and manipulating their electromechanical response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":386,"journal":{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 101065"},"PeriodicalIF":31.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent progress on biopolymer-based food packaging films/edible coatings functionalized with catechol derivatives based on mussel biomimetics 基于贻贝仿生的儿茶酚衍生物功能化生物聚合物食品包装膜/食用涂料的研究进展

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101068

Wanli Zhang , Jun Yang , Mehran Ghasemlou , Zohreh Riahi , Ajahar Khan , Gulden Goksen , Yiqin Zhang , Jong-Whan Rhim

In recent years, due to the environmental issues caused by non-biodegradability and the food safety hazards posed by microplastics, a great deal of research has been conducted to develop sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastic packaging. Biodegradable or edible packaging films based on biopolymers have attracted considerable attention due to their sustainability. However, the comprehensive properties of current biopolymer films, such as mechanical strength and barrier performance, are still inferior to those of petroleum-based plastic films. Therefore, efforts have been devoted to improving the performance of biopolymer films. Nature-inspired bionics, especially mussel-inspired bionics, has become increasingly important in materials science and has been widely applied in biomedicine and environmental engineering. Recently, functionalization using mussel-inspired catechol derivatives like dopamine and tannic acid (TA) has emerged to improve mechanical, barrier, and functional properties of biopolymer packaging films and edible coatings. This study overviews biopolymer packaging development, focusing on mussel biomimicry mechanisms. Notable applications of dopamine, TA, and other catechol derivatives in creating innovative biopolymer packaging materials are described to advance research in this field. The key finding of this work is that mussel-inspired catechol derivatives can be integrated into packaging films through a variety of methods, leveraging their ability to participate in multiple physical and chemical interactions. The resulting composite films exhibit various functionalities, including strong interfacial adhesion, photothermal effects, UV absorption, and free radical scavenging. These properties enable them to serve multiple roles in packaging matrices. Edible coatings based on mussel-inspired strategies enhance adhesion and improve interfacial interactions between the coating solution and the food surface, thereby improving the preservation effect of edible coatings. Therefore, mussel-inspired functionalization of catechol derivatives is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of food packaging films and coatings.

近年来，由于微塑料的不可生物降解性和食品安全危害所带来的环境问题，人们进行了大量的研究，以开发可持续替代合成塑料包装。基于生物聚合物的可生物降解或可食用包装薄膜由于其可持续性而引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，目前生物聚合物薄膜的机械强度、阻隔性能等综合性能与石油基塑料薄膜相比仍有一定差距。因此，人们一直致力于提高生物聚合物薄膜的性能。自然仿生，尤其是贻贝仿生，在材料科学中占有越来越重要的地位，并在生物医学和环境工程中得到了广泛的应用。最近，利用贻贝启发的儿茶酚衍生物如多巴胺和单宁酸（TA）的功能化已经出现，以改善生物聚合物包装薄膜和可食用涂层的机械，屏障和功能特性。本研究综述了生物聚合物包装的发展，重点是贻贝仿生学机制。介绍了多巴胺、TA和其他儿茶酚衍生物在创新生物聚合物包装材料中的显著应用，以推进该领域的研究。这项工作的关键发现是，贻贝启发的儿茶酚衍生物可以通过各种方法集成到包装薄膜中，利用它们参与多种物理和化学相互作用的能力。所得到的复合膜具有多种功能，包括强界面附着力、光热效应、紫外线吸收和自由基清除。这些属性使它们能够在包装矩阵中扮演多种角色。基于贻贝启发策略的可食用涂层增强了涂层溶液与食物表面的附着力，改善了界面相互作用，从而提高了可食用涂层的保存效果。因此，以贻贝为灵感的儿茶酚衍生物功能化是提高食品包装薄膜和涂料性能的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in gas diffusion electrode technology for electrochemical CO2 reduction: Innovations, challenges, and future directions 电化学CO2还原气体扩散电极技术的进展：创新、挑战和未来方向

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101064

Vishal V. Burungale , Mayur A. Gaikwad , Hyojung Bae , Pratik Mane , Jiwon Heo , Chaewon Seong , Jin Hyeok Kim , Jihun Oh , Jun-Seok Ha

In response to the growing challenges of global warming and the necessity to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, in recent times, CO₂ reduction technology has gained significant attention. Following early H-cell breakthroughs, the integration of Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) has accelerated the progress of industrially viable CO₂ reduction. However, despite several recent breakthroughs in GDE-based CO₂ reduction, there is a considerable lack of focused reviews on this topic. Addressing this gap, the present review systematically discusses recent progress in GDEs over the past six years within the specific context of electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Focused specifically on GDEs, the review explores different designs and materials used for the fabrication of GDEs, along with a discussion on their pros and cons. It covers the fundamentals of CO₂ reduction, GDE structures, and electrolytic cell designs. Further, the review addresses the challenges and breakthroughs in GDE technology by extending the discussion on self-supported GDEs, innovative approaches, fundamental studies, and some advanced CO₂ reduction technologies such as GDE-based Bioelectrodes and on-site CO₂ capture and conversion. Finally, the findings of the literature have been summarized in the section of a summary and future perspectives, offering valuable insights to accelerate the development of industrially viable CO₂ reduction.

为了应对日益严峻的全球变暖挑战和减少二氧化碳（CO2）排放的必要性，近年来，二氧化碳减排技术受到了极大的关注。随着早期氢电池的突破，气体扩散电极（GDEs）的集成加速了工业上可行的二氧化碳减排的进展。然而，尽管最近在基于gde的二氧化碳减排方面取得了一些突破，但对这一主题的重点审查相当缺乏。为了解决这一差距，本综述系统地讨论了过去六年在电化学二氧化碳还原的具体背景下gde的最新进展。本文主要探讨了GDE的不同设计和制造材料，并讨论了它们的优缺点。它涵盖了二氧化碳减排、GDE结构和电解槽设计的基本原理。此外，本文还对GDE技术面临的挑战和突破进行了探讨，包括自持型GDE、创新方法、基础研究以及一些先进的二氧化碳减排技术，如GDE基生物电极和现场二氧化碳捕获与转化。最后，在总结和未来展望部分总结了文献的发现，为加速工业上可行的二氧化碳减排的发展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Skin-adhesive stretchable conductors for wireless vital diagnostics 用于无线生命诊断的皮肤粘附可拉伸导体

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101059

Taeyeon Oh , Minwoo Song , Hyunkeun Lee , Hansu Kim , Hyeongbeom Lee , Yong-Ryun Jo , Tae-Wook Kim , Gui Won Hwang , Jinhyung Kim , Jihun Son , Chanhyeok Park , Hanbit Jin , Chan-Hwa Hong , Inho Lee , Jun-Gyu Choi , Ji Hwan Kim , Alexander Tipan-Quishpe , Myung-Han Yoon , Hye Jin Kim , Changhyun Pang , Sungjun Park

Continuous physiological signal monitoring and diagnosis are crucial for proactive health management and timely interventions. Key challenges include achieving non-toxic adhesion of stretchable conductors to dynamic skin and integration with lightweight, wearable circuits equipped diagnosing algorithms. We propose wireless physiological monitoring with vital diagnosis, featuring octopus-inspired micromembrane structure electrodes that enhance both adhesion and permeability. These stretchable electrodes exhibit a conductivity of over 2700 S/cm and maintain stretchability up to 1000 %, with minimal degradation after 1000 cycles of deformation. Adhesion reaches 12 kPa, ensuring durability for over 1000 attachment-detachment cycles and long-term attachment exceeding 24 h without skin toxicity. The system, connected to a miniaturized wireless circuit (2.8 g), facilitates real-time, accurate collection of electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. As proof of concept, ECG signals from real subjects processed with a transfer-learning algorithm achieved over 93.3 % diagnostic accuracy, paving the way for reliable, personalized health monitoring.

持续的生理信号监测和诊断对于主动健康管理和及时干预至关重要。关键的挑战包括实现可拉伸导体与动态皮肤的无毒粘附，以及与配备诊断算法的轻型可穿戴电路的集成。我们提出了具有重要诊断的无线生理监测，采用章鱼启发的微膜结构电极，增强附着力和渗透性。这些可拉伸电极的导电性超过2700 S/cm，并保持高达1000 %的拉伸性，在1000次变形循环后降解最小。附着力达到12kpa，确保超过1000次附着-脱离循环的耐久性和超过24 h的长期附着而无皮肤毒性。该系统连接到一个微型无线电路（2.8 g），便于实时、准确地收集心电图（ECG）、肌电图（EMG）、眼电图（EOG）和脑电图（EEG）信号。作为概念验证，使用迁移学习算法处理的真实受试者的心电信号的诊断准确率超过93.3 %，为可靠的个性化健康监测铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

High-rate, long-lifespan, sustainable potassium-ion batteries enabled by non-fluorinated solvents 高倍率，长寿命，可持续钾离子电池由无氟溶剂实现

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101063

Xurun Guo , Hongliang Xie , Pushpendra Kumar , Honghong Liang , Fei Zhao , Yuqi Wang , Tao Cai , Qian Li , Wandi Wahyudi , Hui Zhu , Jiao Yin , Zheng Ma , Jun Ming

Electrolyte solvation chemistry is a key strategy for enhancing battery performance. Herein, we achieve an ultra-high-rate and long-cycle-life potassium-ion battery (PIB) by introducing a fluorine-free ether, (i.e., cyclopentylmethyl ether (CPME)), into a trimethyl phosphate (TMP)-based electrolyte under non-fluorinated and normal-concentration conditions. We discover that CPME and TMP form intermolecular interactions via electropositive hydrogen (δ⁺H) and electronegative oxygen (δ^–O), which effectively weaken the K⁺-TMP interaction. This modification enables highly reversible K⁺ (de-)intercalation within the graphite electrode, not only overcoming the critical challenges of K⁺-solvent co-intercalation in graphite electrodes but also significantly improving the PIB’s rate capability and cycling stability. The newly designed KC₈||3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) full cell has sustainable features that can operate stably at 10 C for over 1000 cycles, retaining 84.4 % of its initial capacity. Even at 15 C, it delivers a remarkable capacity of 65.6 mAh g⁻¹, corresponding to 53.0 % of the capacity at 0.2 C. Furthermore, we propose a molecular interface model to analyze the interfacial behavior of K⁺-solvent-anion complexes and elucidate the relationship between intermolecular interactions and graphite electrode performance at the molecular level. This work highlights the importance of solvation structure regulation via intermolecular interactions in developing high-performance PIBs, offering new insights into functionalized metal-ion battery design.

电解质溶剂化化学是提高电池性能的关键策略。在此，我们通过在无氟和正常浓度条件下将无氟醚（即环戊基甲基醚（CPME））引入磷酸三甲酯（TMP）基电解质中，实现了超高倍率和长循环寿命的钾离子电池（PIB）。我们发现CPME和TMP通过电正氢（δ+H）和电负氧（δ - o）形成分子间相互作用，有效地削弱了K+-TMP相互作用。这种修饰使石墨电极内的K+（脱）嵌入具有高度可逆性，不仅克服了石墨电极中K+-溶剂共嵌入的关键挑战，而且显著提高了PIB的速率能力和循环稳定性。新设计的KC8||3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二亚胺（PTCDI）全电池具有可持续的特点，可以在10 ℃下稳定运行超过1000次循环，保持其初始容量的84.4 %。即使在15 C时，它也提供了65.6 mAh g−1的显着容量，相当于0.2 C时容量的53.0 %。此外，我们提出了一个分子界面模型来分析K+-溶剂-阴离子配合物的界面行为，并在分子水平上阐明分子间相互作用与石墨电极性能之间的关系。这项工作强调了通过分子间相互作用调节溶剂化结构在开发高性能PIBs中的重要性，为功能化金属离子电池的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Chlorophylls for dual-function exciton relay and morphology regulation in organic solar cells 有机太阳能电池中双功能激子接力和形态调控的叶绿素

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101062

Shengnan Duan , Teng Gu , Lei Liu , Shin-ichi Sasaki , Chaisa Uragami , Peihao Huang , Xue Jiang , Yuanqi Zhou , Ziyan Liu , Dingqin Hu , Heng Liu , Xinhui Lu , Hitoshi Tamiaki , Xiao-Feng Wang , Hideki Hashimoto , Zeyun Xiao

Chlorophylls (Chls), the most abundant and cost-effective natural pigments, exhibit outstanding optoelectronic properties and biocompatibility, making them highly attractive for artificial photosynthesis. In this study, we propose high-efficiency, eco-friendly organic solar cells (OSCs) by incorporating semi-synthetic Chl derivatives (Chl-1 and Chl-2) as analogous functions of charge transfer intermediator. These Chl derivatives not only modulate the molecular stacking and crystallinity of the active layer, promoting a favorable face-on molecular orientation and a denser crystalline structure, but also enhance exciton generation and diffusion as they function in nature and facilitate charge transfer between PM6 and BTP-eC9. Consequently, these synergistic effects significantly improve the exciton generation, dissociation, and charge transportation processes for the Chl derivatives-based devices. As a result, devices incorporating Chl-2 achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.54 %, surpassing Chl-1 (18.86 %) and outperforming the control binary devices (18.05 %). This study presents an innovative strategy to enhance OSC performance by utilizing eco-friendly Chl derivatives, addressing challenges related to low-toxicity sustainability and high efficiency.

叶绿素（Chls）是最丰富、最具成本效益的天然色素，具有出色的光电特性和生物相容性，在人工光合作用中具有很高的吸引力。在本研究中，我们将半合成Chl衍生物（Chl-1和Chl-2）作为电荷转移中间体的类似功能，提出了高效，环保的有机太阳能电池（OSCs）。这些Chl衍生物不仅调节了活性层的分子堆叠和结晶度，促进了有利的面朝分子取向和更致密的晶体结构，而且还促进了激子的产生和扩散，促进了PM6和BTP-eC9之间的电荷转移。因此，这些协同效应显著改善了基于Chl衍生物的器件的激子产生、解离和电荷输运过程。结果，含有Chl-2的器件获得了19.54 %的出色功率转换效率（PCE），超过了Chl-1(18.86 %)，并优于对照二元器件（18.05 %）。本研究提出了一种利用生态友好型Chl衍生物来提高OSC性能的创新策略，解决了与低毒性可持续性和高效率相关的挑战。

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