Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports最新文献_第10页

Ultra- and high-performance polymers for material extrusion additive manufacturing: Recent advancements, challenges, and optimization perspectives 用于材料挤压增材制造的超高性能聚合物：最新进展、挑战和优化观点

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101086

Nectarios Vidakis , Markos Petousis , Maria Spyridaki , Nikolaos Mountakis , Evgenia Dimitriou , Nikolaos Michailidis

Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEXAM) has emerged as a transformative technology for ultra-performance polymers (UPPs) and high-performance polymers (HPPs), enabling their use in demanding applications across diverse industries such as aerospace, automotive, medical, and defense. Their high strength-to-weight ratio, heat resistance, chemical stability, and performance retention under harsh conditions perfectly match the high potential of additive manufacturing for cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and adaptability. Among the most studied UPPs/HPPs, Polyimide (PΙ), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have gained substantial attention due to their printability and superior functional properties. Despite these advantages, MEXAM of UPPs and HPPs presents considerable challenges. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular, rheological, thermal, and structural characteristics of UPPs/HPPs and their major composites that influence their printability and performance. A comparative evaluation of their advantages and limitations is presented, along with a discussion on recent advancements in process optimization. Research efforts for the optimization of MEXAM process control parameters were reviewed and interpreted. Furthermore, this work explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted optimization strategies to enhance processing efficiency and material properties. This study identifies key research gaps and highlights opportunities for future advancements in the field of MEXAM for UPPs and HPPs.

基于材料挤压的增材制造（MEXAM）已经成为超高性能聚合物（UPPs）和高性能聚合物（HPPs）的变革性技术，使其能够在航空航天、汽车、医疗和国防等不同行业的苛刻应用中使用。它们的高强度重量比、耐热性、化学稳定性和恶劣条件下的性能保持完全符合增材制造在成本效益、灵活性和适应性方面的高潜力。在研究最多的UPPs/HPPs中，聚酰亚胺（PΙ）、聚醚酮酮（PEKK）和聚醚醚酮（PEEK）由于其可印刷性和优越的功能特性而获得了大量关注。尽管有这些优势，UPPs和HPPs的MEXAM仍然面临着相当大的挑战。本文综述了UPPs/HPPs及其主要复合材料的分子、流变、热学和结构特性，并对影响其可打印性和性能进行了全面分析。对它们的优点和局限性进行了比较评价，并讨论了工艺优化的最新进展。综述了国内外在MEXAM工艺控制参数优化方面的研究成果。此外，本工作探讨了人工智能（AI）辅助优化策略的集成，以提高加工效率和材料性能。这项研究确定了关键的研究差距，并强调了未来在upp和hpp的MEXAM领域取得进展的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the biomaterial facet of polarized piezoelectric sodium potassium niobate: A comprehensive study 揭示极化压电铌酸钠的生物材料面：一项综合研究

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101111

Subhasmita Swain , Ashutosh Kumar Dubey , Tapash R. Rautray

The fabrication of electro-active bone substitute materials has sparked a significant attention due to the intrinsic electrical characteristics of bone. Recent studies have focused on improving the interaction between biomaterials and bone, recognizing its critical role in implant functionality. Early-stage implantation significantly influences the long-term success of an implant, with post-operative infections posing a major clinical challenge. This underscores the urgent need for advanced biocompatible materials that not only enhance tissue regeneration but also provide effective antibacterial defense. The exploration of bioelectricity in facilitating tissue repair has gained momentum, driven by the growing understanding of piezoelectric properties in natural bone. Harnessing the intrinsic electrical activity of biomaterials presents a promising approach, as bioelectricity is an inherent feature of bone cells, directly regulating their metabolic processes and contributing to tissue regeneration. Having a perovskite structure, lead-free piezo-ceramic sodium potassium niobate (NKN) possesses remarkable electroactive characteristics such as significantly high dielectric constant, superior piezoelectric characteristics, and strong electromechanical coupling coefficient, making it a potential electroactive candidate for tissue engineering. Due to the evidence of enhanced cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, antibacterial activities, along with electrical characteristics, it has been recognized as a potential electro-active bone substitute. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of bone and its intrinsic electrical properties, along with an in-depth examination of NKN—including its doping strategies, electroactive response mechanisms, and structural characteristics. Additionally, the role of poling in enhancing NKN’s electroactivity is explored, reinforcing its potential for biomedical applications. The review highlights NKN’s implications in bone tissue regeneration, soft tissue repair (nerve and vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy, underscoring its relevance across various fields of biomedical engineering. Finally, the summary outlines future research directions, emphasizing opportunities for further exploration and optimization of NKN-based biomaterials.

由于骨固有的电特性，电活性骨替代材料的制造引起了人们的极大关注。最近的研究集中在改善生物材料与骨之间的相互作用，认识到其在种植体功能中的关键作用。早期植入显著影响植入的长期成功，术后感染是主要的临床挑战。这强调了迫切需要先进的生物相容性材料，不仅可以增强组织再生，还可以提供有效的抗菌防御。随着对天然骨中压电特性的理解不断加深，生物电在促进组织修复方面的探索获得了动力。利用生物材料的固有电活动是一种很有前途的方法，因为生物电是骨细胞的固有特征，直接调节其代谢过程并有助于组织再生。无铅压电陶瓷铌酸钠（NKN）具有钙钛矿结构，具有显著的高介电常数、优异的压电特性和强的机电耦合系数等显著的电活性特性，是组织工程中潜在的电活性候选材料。由于有证据表明其具有增强的细胞相容性、成骨性、抗菌活性以及电特性，它已被认为是一种潜在的电活性骨替代品。这篇综述提供了骨骼及其内在电学特性的全面分析，以及对nkn的深入研究，包括其掺杂策略、电活性响应机制和结构特征。此外，极点在增强NKN的电活动中的作用进行了探索，加强了其生物医学应用的潜力。这篇综述强调了NKN在骨组织再生、软组织修复（神经和血管再生）和癌症治疗中的意义，强调了它在生物医学工程各个领域的相关性。最后，总结了未来的研究方向，强调了基于nkn的生物材料的进一步探索和优化的机会。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in polysaccharide-based food packaging: Functionalization strategies and sustainability considerations 基于多糖的食品包装的进展：功能化策略和可持续性考虑

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101128

Hossein Baniasadi , Roozbeh Abidnejad , Mahyar Fazeli , Jukka Niskanen , Erlantz Lizundia

The food packaging industry generates escalating environmental challenges due to the pervasive use of single-use petroleum-derived plastics, which contribute to climate change, pollution, and microplastic contamination. Polysaccharides have emerged as promising renewable alternatives for food packaging materials. This review critically evaluates recent advances regarding functionalization strategies aimed at improving the mechanical, barrier, and functional properties of polysaccharide-based packaging films. Special attention is paid to chemical modification, blending with bioactive agents, and incorporation of nanomaterials. These strategies significantly enhance the material properties and extend the functionality of polysaccharide-based films, such as antimicrobial, UV-blocking, and pH-indicating capabilities. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and material circularity considerations are provided to compare the environmental sustainability of polysaccharide-based packaging against conventional petroleum-derived plastics, highlighting the environmental trade-offs associated with the adoption of biopolymer-based materials. Additionally, the review critically examines the current limitations and challenges related to scaling up production and achieving cost-effectiveness, thus offering insights into the practical implementation of these materials in the food packaging industry. Finally, key research opportunities are identified, emphasizing the need for further studies to address the challenges of large-scale implementation and cost efficiency in the transition to more sustainable food packaging solutions.

由于普遍使用一次性石油衍生塑料，食品包装行业产生了不断升级的环境挑战，这有助于气候变化，污染和微塑料污染。多糖已成为有前途的可再生食品包装材料的替代品。这篇综述批判性地评估了最近关于功能化策略的进展，旨在改善多糖基包装薄膜的机械、屏障和功能特性。特别关注的是化学改性，与生物活性剂的混合，以及纳米材料的掺入。这些策略显著提高了材料性能，扩展了多糖基膜的功能，如抗菌、紫外线阻挡和ph指示能力。提供了生命周期评估（LCA）和材料循环考虑，以比较多糖基包装与传统石油衍生塑料的环境可持续性，突出与采用生物聚合物基材料相关的环境权衡。此外，审查严格审查当前的限制和挑战有关扩大生产和实现成本效益，从而提供洞察这些材料在食品包装行业的实际实施。最后，确定了关键的研究机会，强调需要进一步研究，以解决大规模实施和成本效率的挑战，过渡到更可持续的食品包装解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

d-orbital hybridization in transition metal electrocatalysts: Correlating electronic structure with catalytic performance 过渡金属电催化剂中的d轨道杂化：电子结构与催化性能的关系

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101147

Xinyu Wang , Sichen Huo , Yanjie Chen , Zhuang Cai , Gengtao Fu , Ying Dai , Jinlong Zou

Orbital hybridization effect, an electronic structural characteristic arising from the linear combination of atomic orbitals, has emerged as a crucial strategy for tuning the electronic structure of catalysts. Despite significant progress, fully understanding the structure-activity relationship between orbital hybridization, electronic structure, and catalytic performance remains a major challenge, particularly in the field of electrocatalysis. This review summarizes the latest advances in the coupling regulation of d-orbital hybridization in transition metal catalysts (TMCs) and systematically elucidates their pivotal role in electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms. This review first discusses the basic concepts and various types of d-orbital hybridization in TMCs, including d-d, d-p, d-f, and d-p-f hybridization, emphasizing their influence on intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and orbital interactions. Additionally, the review systematically summarizes key orbital hybridization engineering strategies, including alloying, doping, dual-atom sites, support-assisted methods, and interface engineering, and elucidates specific approaches for precisely tuning the electronic configuration of TMC active sites to optimize intermediate adsorption behavior. Building on this, it further analyzes several typical catalytic reaction mechanisms, highlighting the advantages of d-orbital hybridization in enhancing catalytic performance. Finally, it addresses the main challenges of orbital hybridization regulation in TMC electrocatalysis and offers new insights and perspectives for its future development in other catalytic applications.

轨道杂化效应是由原子轨道的线性组合而产生的一种电子结构特征，已成为调整催化剂电子结构的重要策略。尽管取得了重大进展，但充分理解轨道杂化、电子结构和催化性能之间的构效关系仍然是一个重大挑战，特别是在电催化领域。本文综述了过渡金属催化剂中d轨道杂化耦合调控的最新进展，并系统阐述了它们在电催化反应机理中的关键作用。本文首先讨论了tmc中d轨道杂化的基本概念和各种类型，包括d-d、d-p、d-f和d-p-f杂化，重点讨论了它们对中间吸附、电子转移和轨道相互作用的影响。此外，本文系统地总结了关键的轨道杂化工程策略，包括合金化、掺杂、双原子位、支持辅助方法和界面工程，并阐明了精确调整TMC活性位电子构型以优化中间吸附行为的具体方法。在此基础上，进一步分析了几种典型的催化反应机理，突出了d轨道杂化在提高催化性能方面的优势。最后，提出了轨道杂化调控在TMC电催化中的主要挑战，并为其在其他催化应用中的发展提供了新的见解和前景。

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引用次数: 0

Two-dimensional layered materials-based energy-efficient optoelectronic memories: A leap towards bionic vision 基于二维分层材料的高能效光电存储器：向仿生视觉的飞跃

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101146

Aarti Dahiya , Parthasarathi Pal , Shalu Rani , Mohit Kumar Gautam , Roshni Shateesh Babu , Ioannis Zeimpekis , Dimitra G. Georgiadou , Sanjay Kumar

Optoelectronic memories have gained remarkable attention owing to their inherent capability of manipulating charge carriers under the influence of both electrical and light stimuli. The emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices can be used in diverse applications, including logical data processing, confidential information recording, and next-generation bionic visual systems. Photosensitive materials are foundational to many technologies, including solar cells, sensors, thin-film transistors, and light-emitting diodes. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) photosensitive materials have found application in bionic visual hardware based on optoelectronic synaptic memristor and memtransistor devices. The synthesis and growth of optoelectronic memories driven by 2D photosensitive materials have opened new horizons in the field of bionic visual systems due to their diverse optical properties, atomic scalability, and ultrafast charge carrier dynamics. This review highlights the recent developments in bionic visual hardware based on optoelectronic synaptic memristive devices and memtransistors, wherein various 2D photosensitive materials and device structures have been utilised. We first summarise the limitations of traditional computing, highlight the key advantages of this novel computing paradigm, and discuss the fundamentals of bio-vision formation. Next, we comprehensively review the various device structures and operating mechanisms of optoelectronic memristive and memtransistor architectures. The recent developments in optoelectronic synaptic devices by incorporating various 2D photosensitive materials and their application in the field of bionic visual perception are also discussed. Finally, we outline the current drawbacks and challenges of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices and the future perspective of bionic visual hardware on real system realisation.

光电存储器由于其固有的在电和光刺激下操纵载流子的能力而受到了广泛的关注。新兴的光电神经形态器件可用于多种应用，包括逻辑数据处理、机密信息记录和下一代仿生视觉系统。光敏材料是许多技术的基础，包括太阳能电池、传感器、薄膜晶体管和发光二极管。近年来，二维光敏材料在基于光电突触忆阻器和忆晶体管器件的仿生视觉硬件中得到了应用。由二维光敏材料驱动的光电存储器的合成和发展，由于其多样的光学特性、原子可扩展性和超快载流子动力学，在仿生视觉系统领域开辟了新的领域。本文综述了基于光电突触记忆器件和记忆晶体管的仿生视觉硬件的最新进展，其中各种二维光敏材料和器件结构已被利用。我们首先总结了传统计算的局限性，强调了这种新型计算范式的主要优势，并讨论了生物视觉形成的基础。接下来，我们全面回顾了光电忆阻和忆晶体管结构的各种器件结构和工作机制。本文还讨论了结合各种二维光敏材料的光电突触器件的最新进展及其在仿生视觉感知领域的应用。最后，我们概述了目前光电神经形态器件的缺点和挑战，以及仿生视觉硬件在实际系统实现中的未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Functional binders in lithium batteries: From molecular structure design to practical applications 锂电池中的功能粘合剂：从分子结构设计到实际应用

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101142

Caitian Lin , Farshad Boorboor Ajdari , Caiwang Mao , Fereshteh Abbasi , Aijing Pu , Guoqiang Cao , Ying Luo , Yingche Wang , Baoyu Sun , Jingying Xie , Jiangxuan Song

Lithium batteries (LBs) are pivotal for meeting the escalating global need for high-performance energy storage devices. Despite their critical role in electrode and solid electrolyte fabrication, binders remain under-investigated compared to active materials, creating a significant knowledge-to-application gap. This review summarizes recent developments in binder design, focusing on their structure-property relationships. It starts with elucidating the operation and failure mechanisms of binders, underscoring their crucial roles and ideal properties in practical applications. Building on this foundation, it further elucidates molecular design strategies to impart multifunctionality to binders, including adhesion, mechanical properties, ionic/electronic conductivity, self-healing capabilities, interfacial stabilization and other functional attributes. Also, industrial application challenges and scale-up considerations for advanced binders are critically evaluated across three key aspects: ultra-thick electrodes, ultra-thin electrolytes and sustainability requirements, filling the gap between molecular design and practical applications of binders. This review outlines pathways for future development of functional binders, with the aim of providing new insights into the design of binders for next-generation high-energy-density LBs.

锂电池（LBs）是满足全球对高性能储能设备日益增长的需求的关键。尽管粘合剂在电极和固体电解质制造中起着至关重要的作用，但与活性材料相比，粘合剂仍未得到充分研究，这造成了从知识到应用的重大差距。本文综述了粘结剂设计的最新进展，重点介绍了它们的结构-性能关系。首先阐述了粘结剂的作用和失效机理，强调了其在实际应用中的重要作用和理想性能。在此基础上，进一步阐明了赋予粘合剂多功能性的分子设计策略，包括附着力、机械性能、离子/电子导电性、自修复能力、界面稳定性和其他功能属性。此外，我们还从三个关键方面对先进粘合剂的工业应用挑战和扩展考虑进行了严格评估：超厚电极、超薄电解质和可持续性要求，填补了粘合剂分子设计和实际应用之间的空白。本文概述了功能结合物的未来发展途径，旨在为下一代高能量密度lb的结合物设计提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Lithium-based lifeforms: Influence analysis of instantaneous and hysteresis performances in lithium-ion batteries 锂基生命形式：对锂离子电池瞬时和滞后性能的影响分析

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101096

Yongkai Zhang , Zhenhao Luo , Pushpendra Kumar , Songtong Zhang , Yuhong Jin , Qianqian Zhang , Xiayu Zhu , Wenjie Meng , Hai Ming , Jingyi Qiu

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) mainly function via the processes of lithium-ion diffusion and electron transport, which can be metaphorically compared to biological functions. Just like living lifeform organisms that need particular conditions to keep homeostasis, any departure from optimal operating parameters in LIBs may result in performance degradation, safety and reliability compromise, and ultimately may lead to battery failure or even to thermal runaway. To ensure reliable operation, a thorough understanding and influence analysis of the instantaneous and hysteresis performance for LIBs under the extreme environments or operating conditions, such as mechanical extrusion, vibration, high- and low- temperatures, supergravity and microgravity, and low atmospheric pressure, is essential, which enables accurate assessment of their ability to meet energy and power demands over their whole service life. Additionally, a series of critical challenges associated with overcharge, overdischarge, and high-current (pulse) cycling can also exert an adverse impact on the LIBs, especially when these factors act either individually or in combination. Herein, this review firstly presents the concept of lithium-based lifeforms, in conjunction with the groundbreaking proposal of instantaneous and hysteresis performances to comprehensively evaluate the whole life of LIBs, which is expected to guide the design of advanced LIBs with high performance and substantially enhance the accuracy of predictive and early-warning models for batteries and modules.

锂离子电池（LIBs）主要通过锂离子扩散和电子传递过程发挥作用，这可以比喻为生物功能。就像有生命的有机体需要特定的条件来保持体内平衡一样，锂电池中任何偏离最佳工作参数都可能导致性能下降、安全性和可靠性降低，最终可能导致电池故障甚至热失控。为了确保可靠的运行，对lib在极端环境或操作条件下（如机械挤压、振动、高温和低温、超重力和微重力以及低气压）的瞬时和滞后性能进行全面的了解和影响分析是必不可少的，这可以准确评估其在整个使用寿命内满足能源和电力需求的能力。此外，与过充、过放和大电流（脉冲）循环相关的一系列关键挑战也会对锂电池产生不利影响，特别是当这些因素单独或共同作用时。本文首次提出了锂基生命形式的概念，并开创性地提出了瞬时和滞后性能来综合评估锂电池的全寿命，这有望指导高性能先进锂电池的设计，并大幅提高电池和模块预测和预警模型的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Metal additive manufacturing of lattice-based orthopedic implants: A comprehensive review of requirements and design strategies 基于晶格的骨科植入物的金属增材制造：需求和设计策略的全面审查

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101075

Melika Babaei , Simone Murchio , Lorena Emanuelli , Raffaele De Biasi , Luigi Branca Vergano , Roberto Giuliani , Shuya Tian , Marie-Luise Wille , Filippo Berto , Massimo Pellizzari , Matteo Benedetti

This scoping review synthesizes recent advancements in the design and manufacturing of metallic additively manufactured lattice-based orthopedic implants. The review begins with an in-depth discussion on material selection, exploring the range of metals suitable for orthopedic applications, and progresses to detail the evolution of design methodologies, which now incorporate bio-inspired concepts and data-driven models such as inverse design. These innovative approaches significantly enhance the customization and functionality of bone implants, offering unprecedented opportunities for tailored patient care.

Additionally, the review analyzes the current standards and regulations that govern the development and implementation of these implants in clinical settings. It outlines the necessary steps and considerations for compliance, emphasizing the importance of these frameworks in ensuring the safe and effective transition of lattice-based orthopedic implants from theoretical models to practical solutions in healthcare.

By bridging the gap between cutting-edge research and clinical application, this review aims to serve as a crucial resource for researchers, engineers, and medical professionals. It not only encapsulates the state-of-the-art in implant technology but also highlights the collaborative efforts required to advance the field and overcome existing challenges. The ultimate goal is to pave the way for next-generation bone implants that are highly effective, safe, and optimized for individual patient needs.

本文综述了金属增材制造的基于晶格的骨科植入物的设计和制造方面的最新进展。回顾开始于对材料选择的深入讨论，探索适合骨科应用的金属范围，并进一步详细介绍设计方法的演变，现在包括生物启发概念和数据驱动模型，如逆向设计。这些创新的方法显著增强了骨植入物的定制和功能，为量身定制的患者护理提供了前所未有的机会。此外，本文还分析了在临床环境中管理这些植入物的开发和实施的现行标准和法规。它概述了必要的步骤和合规性的考虑，强调了这些框架的重要性，以确保安全有效地过渡到基于格的骨科植入物从理论模型到医疗保健的实际解决方案。通过弥合前沿研究和临床应用之间的差距，本综述旨在为研究人员、工程师和医学专业人员提供重要的资源。它不仅包含了最先进的植入技术，而且还强调了推进该领域和克服现有挑战所需的合作努力。最终目标是为下一代骨植入物铺平道路，这些骨植入物是高效、安全的，并且针对个体患者的需求进行了优化。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in multi-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic applications 电催化用多原子催化剂的研究进展

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101090

Luoluo Qi, Jingqi Guan

Multi-atom catalysts (MACs) can break the limitation of single-atom catalysts (SACs) by introducing metal clusters, presenting a more diversified way in the composition, structure and performance of multi-atom sites, and utilizing the synergistic effect of multi atoms and metal-support interactions to jointly regulate the electronic structure of active sites, which endow them with advantageous electrocatalytic performance and unique reaction mechanism and expand new opportunities for the electrocatalytic field. Here, we summarize synthesis strategies, in situ structural characterization and the features reflecting structure-activity relationships of MACs with respect to composition and configuration, electron distribution as well as multiple functional effects. Then, the design principles of high-performance MACs are accentuated, involving multi-atom sites, coordination environments, interfacial defects, reaction media, and special thoughts including bio-inspired design and computing-learning-prediction. Subsequently, the applications in energy storage and conversion technologies are provided. Lastly, we conclude with some personal thoughts and perspectives on the growth and development of MACs in their nascent state.

多原子催化剂（MACs）通过引入金属团簇，打破单原子催化剂（SACs）的局限，在多原子位点的组成、结构和性能上呈现出更加多样化的方式，利用多原子和金属-载体相互作用的协同效应，共同调控活性位点的电子结构。使其具有优越的电催化性能和独特的反应机理，为电催化领域开辟了新的机遇。本文综述了MACs的合成策略、原位结构表征以及在组成和构型、电子分布和多种功能效应方面反映构效关系的特征。然后，重点介绍了高性能mac的设计原则，包括多原子位点、协调环境、界面缺陷、反应介质以及生物启发设计和计算-学习-预测等特殊思想。随后，提供了在储能和转换技术中的应用。最后，我们对mac的成长和发展提出了一些个人的想法和观点。

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引用次数: 0

Liquid metal alchemy: Unlocking self-healing gallium-based materials for next-generation electronics 液态金属炼金术：解锁用于下一代电子产品的自我修复镓基材料

IF 31.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2025.101073

Minghan Yu , Changming Cao , Zicheng Sa , Chen Zhang , Jiayun Feng , Qing Sun , Xinyang Ma , Jianchao Liang , Yuxin Sun , Rui Yin , Youyou Chen , Yaming Liu , Kaizheng Gao , Chao Yang , Xiaoqin Zeng , Paul K. Chu , Yanhong Tian

Liquid metals, a novel functional material, show significant potential for diverse self-healing applications due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. Their low melting points enable rapid flow in low-temperature environments, greatly enhancing material responsiveness during damage repair. The high electrical conductivity provides distinct advantages for restoring broken circuits or conductive pathways, while their fluidity offers a reliable foundation for filling cracks and reconstructing both mechanical structures and electrical functions. These unique characteristics allow liquid metals to demonstrate excellent stability and reliability in various complex environments, satisfying demands for high-performance materials under challenging conditions. Critically, these properties enable applications spanning stretchable electronics, biomedical devices, and energy systems. In the specific context of self-healing batteries, the high chemical reactivity of liquid metals facilitates alloying and de-alloying reactions, significantly improving cycle efficiency and lifespan. This paper provides a systematic review of the fundamental properties, application forms, and self-healing mechanisms of liquid metals. The healing process of electrical properties in the field of flexible materials and the key characteristics of mechanically reversible repair in a damaged environment are discussed. Meanwhile, the mechanism of liquid metals in the self-healing batteries is analyzed, including the effect of alloying and de-alloying on the optimization of battery performance. Finally, the challenges associated with liquid metals and self-healing materials are thoroughly examined, and potential solutions are proposed to address these issues, offering valuable theoretical and practical insights for future research and applications of liquid metal-based materials.

液态金属作为一种新型的功能材料，由于其卓越的物理和化学性质，在多种自修复领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。它们的低熔点能够在低温环境中快速流动，大大提高了材料在损伤修复过程中的响应性。高导电性为修复断裂电路或导电路径提供了明显的优势，而它们的流动性为填充裂缝和重建机械结构和电气功能提供了可靠的基础。这些独特的特性使液态金属在各种复杂环境中表现出优异的稳定性和可靠性，满足了在具有挑战性的条件下对高性能材料的需求。至关重要的是，这些特性使应用跨越可拉伸电子，生物医学设备和能源系统。在自愈电池的具体背景下，液态金属的高化学反应性有利于合金化和去合金化反应，显著提高循环效率和寿命。本文系统地综述了液态金属的基本性质、应用形式和自愈机制。讨论了柔性材料电性能的修复过程和损伤环境中机械可逆修复的关键特征。同时，分析了液态金属在自愈电池中的作用机理，包括合金化和去合金化对电池性能优化的影响。最后，对液态金属和自修复材料相关的挑战进行了深入的研究，并提出了解决这些问题的潜在解决方案，为未来液态金属基材料的研究和应用提供了有价值的理论和实践见解。

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