Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1515/kadmos-2020-0001
R. Thomas
Abstract The well-known Minoan libation formula is the richest source of information about the grammar of the language(s) of Linear A that is currently available. The following article will proceed from the assumptions that the language has a Verb-Subject-Object (VSO] word order and a complex polysynthetic verb, and on the basis of these assumptions attempt to draw some conclusions about the morphology, both nominal and verbal, of the language in question. It will attempt to work through the logical possibilities for the elements of the libation formula, and draw conclusions about the most likely interpretations of the morphology of these elements. Such conclusions are necessarily tentative, and in some cases, due to the paucity of available data, it will not be possible to reach any conclusion. However, there will be suggestions for future research, should more information become available.
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Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1515/kadmos-2020-0004
Beatrice Pestarino
Abstract This new study of two bilingual inscriptions from Tamassos (ICS 265; ICS 215) provides information on the political status of this Cypriot city-state in the fourth century BC. In these years, Tamassos had remained independent, before king Pasikypros sold it to Pummayaton king of Kition (Duris, FGrH (BNJ) 76 F 4). Language and content of the bilingual texts are analysed and a few changes are made as compared to the previous editions. The inscriptions’ dating formulas with the name of king Milkyaton, king of Kition, provide evidence of the presence of Kitians in Tamassos already in the decades before the sale. Although Tamassos was landlocked and did not have a harbour, it may have entered into trade agreements with Kition in order to use its port to export copper productions. This may have laid the foundations for the future sale.
摘要对塔马索斯(ICS 265;ICS 215)提供了这个塞浦路斯城邦在公元前4世纪的政治地位的信息。在这些年中，Tamassos一直保持独立，直到国王Pasikypros将其出售给Kition国王Pummayaton (Duris, FGrH (BNJ) 76 F 4)。对双语文本的语言和内容进行了分析，并与以前的版本相比进行了一些更改。铭文的年代公式上写着基蒂昂国王米尔基顿的名字，这证明了基蒂昂人早在拍卖前几十年就已经在塔马索斯存在了。虽然塔马索斯地处内陆，没有港口，但它可能与基蒂翁签订了贸易协定，以便利用其港口出口铜产品。这可能为未来的出售奠定了基础。
{"title":"A Cypriot city-kingdom for sale. Looking for political implications in two Tamassian bilingual inscriptions","authors":"Beatrice Pestarino","doi":"10.1515/kadmos-2020-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2020-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This new study of two bilingual inscriptions from Tamassos (ICS 265; ICS 215) provides information on the political status of this Cypriot city-state in the fourth century BC. In these years, Tamassos had remained independent, before king Pasikypros sold it to Pummayaton king of Kition (Duris, FGrH (BNJ) 76 F 4). Language and content of the bilingual texts are analysed and a few changes are made as compared to the previous editions. The inscriptions’ dating formulas with the name of king Milkyaton, king of Kition, provide evidence of the presence of Kitians in Tamassos already in the decades before the sale. Although Tamassos was landlocked and did not have a harbour, it may have entered into trade agreements with Kition in order to use its port to export copper productions. This may have laid the foundations for the future sale.","PeriodicalId":38825,"journal":{"name":"Kadmos","volume":"51 1","pages":"63 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83823349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1515/kadmos-2020-0002
M. Marazzi
Abstract La nuova pubblicazione in Italia del libro di S. Ferrara, La grande invenzione. Storia del mondo in nove scritture diverse (Milano 2019), rappresenta uno dei piu recenti tentativi di affrontare il complesso fenomeno della nascita e dello sviluppo di sistemi scrittori nella storia secondo schemi innovativi. Con questo contributo l’Autore intende, partendo da un’analisi critica dell’opera in oggetto, aprire un dibattito sui modi e le prospettive di approccio al fenomeno scrittorio, puntualizzando, allo stesso tempo, i risultati raggiunti nell’ambito di una serie di ambiti della ricerca sui sistemi scrittorî piú conosciuti.
{"title":"Scrittura e atti di scrittura: riflessioni su alcune novità editoriali","authors":"M. Marazzi","doi":"10.1515/kadmos-2020-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2020-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract La nuova pubblicazione in Italia del libro di S. Ferrara, La grande invenzione. Storia del mondo in nove scritture diverse (Milano 2019), rappresenta uno dei piu recenti tentativi di affrontare il complesso fenomeno della nascita e dello sviluppo di sistemi scrittori nella storia secondo schemi innovativi. Con questo contributo l’Autore intende, partendo da un’analisi critica dell’opera in oggetto, aprire un dibattito sui modi e le prospettive di approccio al fenomeno scrittorio, puntualizzando, allo stesso tempo, i risultati raggiunti nell’ambito di una serie di ambiti della ricerca sui sistemi scrittorî piú conosciuti.","PeriodicalId":38825,"journal":{"name":"Kadmos","volume":"161 1","pages":"25 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77199099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1515/kadmos-2020-0003
R. Janko
Abstract The terracotta cylinder from Enkomi is the longest extant text in Cypro-Minoan 1, but its content is completely unknown. Scholars have held that it uses two different signs for word-dividers. However, it is here argued that one set of these signs is actually numerals, and that this is an accounting-document which uses single-sign abbreviations as on the classical Idalion tablet. Analysis of the resulting ‘entries’ on the cylinder yields sign-groups with terminations in -o-ti resembling those in the corpus of classical Eteocypriot texts; this similarity suggests linguistic continuity from the Bronze Age to the classical period.
{"title":"Eteocypriot in the Bronze Age? The Cypro- Minoan cylinder from Enkomi as an accounting document","authors":"R. Janko","doi":"10.1515/kadmos-2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The terracotta cylinder from Enkomi is the longest extant text in Cypro-Minoan 1, but its content is completely unknown. Scholars have held that it uses two different signs for word-dividers. However, it is here argued that one set of these signs is actually numerals, and that this is an accounting-document which uses single-sign abbreviations as on the classical Idalion tablet. Analysis of the resulting ‘entries’ on the cylinder yields sign-groups with terminations in -o-ti resembling those in the corpus of classical Eteocypriot texts; this similarity suggests linguistic continuity from the Bronze Age to the classical period.","PeriodicalId":38825,"journal":{"name":"Kadmos","volume":"78 1","pages":"43 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90466458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32859/kadmos/12/6-101
Tamar Amashukeli
The role and representation of women has been one of the central issues in the societal, aesthetical, philosophical processes of the 20th and 21st centuries, so much so, that it became a turning point of sorts in the development of Western civilization and in shaping it to its current form. Even today, the topic of women remains a measure of the progress of a country, and is one of the main characteristics of social and cultural development. The voice of women, hardly heard in literature over the centuries, was even more silenced in colonized or foreign-dominated societies. The Soviet cultural policy significantly changed the direction of development of Georgian literature, and hindered modernist-avant-garde tendencies and attempts to express women’s genuine feelings and grievances in literature. The article studies the representation of women and gender roles in Georgian poetry of the Soviet thaw and onwards, as compared to the voice of women in the poetry of a number of prominent North American and Canadian poets. The article analyzes the works of Georgian poets who were selected mainly on the basis of the concepts of the national narrative and alternative narrative. In the late 20th century, the national narrative was the real driving force in the literature of Soviet-dominated Georgia, especially in poetry, as opposed to the official, imposed official Soviet narrative. The selected poets are studied in light of different concepts and hypotheses introduced by outstanding feminist scholars and writers. The results show that masculine discourse and double-voiced discourse can be observed in the poetry of Georgian male authors. The tendencies prevalent in the poetry of the Georgian men analyzed were influenced by the national motifs endorsed by both the Stalinist and post-Stalinist cultural policies from the Soviet center, and reinforced in Georgia after Sovietization. The patriotic and masculine tendencies of Georgian literature can be interpreted as an implicit reflection of the attempts of Georgian men to represent themselves as the owners of their land, and consequently their women, thus to oppose the reality of the Russian-Soviet colonization of Georgia. Écriture feminine and a protest against patriarchy is seen to prevail, alongside double-voiced discourse, in the works of female poets from the late 1950s onwards. The Georgian female poets have a lot in common with their North-American counterparts, but also differ from them by expressing their protest less overtly, a fact which changes over time. Écriture feminine in the poetry of the studied female poets, as well as the double-voiced discourse observed in the poetry of the representatives of both genders in Georgia, can be considered as part of the Alternative Narrative Culture. The developments of the 20th century still have an impact on Georgian literature, as well as other fields, in modern Georgia. The alternative narrative which prevails in Georgian literature of the 20th century is
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Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32859/kadmos/12/151-203
Izabela Kobalava
Abstract The present paper is aimed at a structural and semantic analysis of dynamic and stative verbs in a linguistic reflection of spatial relations. The investigation is based on the data of dynamic verbs referring to motion/movement- the most widespread and salient kind of motion -and of stative verbs referring to immobility/location. Specifically, I will use dynamic verbs that refer to both motion/movement proper (motion per se) and to transfer (to take): ul-a ‘to go,’ purin-ua ‘to fly,’ nčur-ua ‘to swim,’ rula-a ‘to run,’ and xox-ua ‘to crawl.’ Parallel stative verbs will be presented as forms referring to standard location/state: -rina ‘to be, to stand,’ -xvena ‘to sit,’ -’n’ǯira ‘to lie,’ - ʒvena ‘to be laid,’ and dgvena /dguma ‘to be laid’ (for inanimate objects), etc. I will also use data from morpho-syntactic analyses of dynamic and stative forms. Megrelian dynamic and stative verb roots convey types of motion/immobility, however, they are essentially neutral in terms of any locative reference. This kind of information is rendered by adverbial derivational formants included in the verb stem – preverbs which are taken on by verb roots referring to motion/movement to derive new, semantically distinct, verb stems. Owing to this, it is necessary to discuss in detail the structure and usage of the preverbs as a basic means for the encoding of spatial relations within a neutral root.With respect to the issue in question, the following was established: a) types of directions and orientation of motion encoded in the aforementioned verb forms; b) peculiarities of spatial location of motion/immobility, and; c) semantic features of dynamic and stative forms.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.32859/kadmos/12/102-150
Giorgi Mechurchlishvili
Abstract The purpose of this article is to study the ancestry of Georgian Azerbaijanis, represented as Turkoman tribes, their settlement in Georgia, and to look into different aspects of their history in the Late Middle Ages. A variety of materials have been studied and critically analyzed, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This article presents several stages of the Turkoman tribes’ settlement in Eastern Georgia, the circumstances in which the geographical area inhabited by them was created, and the demographic history. The article also studies the forms of dependence of the Turkoman tribes on Georgian political entities in the Late Middle Ages, as well as their role in the political and military history of the country. Moreover, the paper describes various details of the Turkoman tribes’ daily life. The article is a significant step forward in the historical study of the Turkoman tribes in Eastern Georgia in the Late Middle Ages, but further research should be conducted in order to provide a complete study of the Georgian Azerbaijanis’ past and the specifics of their development.
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This paper focuses on conceptual metaphors of war, supposedly shaping peoples’ world-views in relation to gender. Any social event or phenomenon connected to human activity has a discursive representation in the media. War is not an exception. Discourse structures have an ideational function which represents human views of the world. Metaphor is a powerful linguistic tool to serve this function. The objective of the research is to reveal conceptual war metaphors based on the print media coverage of the 2008 Russian-Georgian war, which reflects male and female perceptions of the reality. The research blends Critical Discourse Analysis with Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The blending creates a relevant theoretical and methodological basis for making an attempt to uncover the conceptual metaphors, apparently underlying male/female cognition. The domain of war is the target domain in the present study; As for the source domain, it is not uniform, it may have a variety of revelations. BYU (Brigham Young University) Corpora data were used to enhance the results of the study.
本文的重点是战争的概念隐喻，据说塑造了人们与性别有关的世界观。任何与人类活动有关的社会事件或现象在媒介中都有话语表征。战争也不例外。话语结构具有表达人类世界观的观念功能。隐喻是实现这一功能的有力语言工具。该研究的目的是揭示基于2008年俄罗斯-格鲁吉亚战争的印刷媒体报道的概念战争隐喻，这反映了男性和女性对现实的看法。该研究将批判语篇分析与概念隐喻理论相结合。这种混合为试图揭示概念隐喻创造了相关的理论和方法基础，这显然是男性/女性认知的基础。战争领域是本研究的目标领域;至于源域，它不是统一的，它可能有多种启示。杨百翰大学(Brigham Young University)语料库数据被用于增强研究结果。
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Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.1515/kadmos-2019-0006
Anna P. Judson, J. Bennet, Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker
Abstract This article presents two newly-discovered fragments of Linear B tablets from recent excavations at the site of Ano Englianos, Bronze Age Pylos, along with a third possibly inscribed object.
{"title":"Two new Linear B tablets and an enigmatic find from Bronze Age Pylos (Palace of Nestor)","authors":"Anna P. Judson, J. Bennet, Jack L. Davis, Sharon R. Stocker","doi":"10.1515/kadmos-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents two newly-discovered fragments of Linear B tablets from recent excavations at the site of Ano Englianos, Bronze Age Pylos, along with a third possibly inscribed object.","PeriodicalId":38825,"journal":{"name":"Kadmos","volume":"58 1","pages":"111 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87615940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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