Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

Background and aim: Dentistry is quite a challenging profession which demands physical and mental efforts along with patient interaction, resulting in burnout. Student burnout is defined as 'negative reactions resulting in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment along with reduced academic efficiency due to prolonged academic stress'. Burnout is commonly associated with high stress levels, anxiety and depression. Students' well-being may improve if these psychological issues are addressed and managed at an early age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout in dental students of our institute and find its relationship to socio-demographic characteristics.

Materials and methods: This questionnaire-based study was conducted in our institute, and a total of 200 dental students were included in the study. Students were surveyed using a self-reported questionnaire that included 25 questions related to burnout symptoms, stress, anxiety, depression and demographic characteristics. The Google Forms questionnaire was sent via e-mail to the target students, and their responses were recorded.

Results: The study showed that the following categories of students were more stressed than others: postgraduate students (28.1%), students belonging to middle-class socioeconomic status (77.4%) and female (54.3%) students.

Conclusion: It is pertinent to mention here that in our study, we have not used any specific scale like depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21), Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, etc., Instead, we prepared a questionnaire for dental students of our institute based on anxiety, stress, etc., Hence, we are of the opinion that further research is warranted to explore additional factors contributing to burnout and mental health issues among dental students and to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention.

Oral verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an infrequently encountered benign lesion in the oral cavity. We report an unusual case of VX on the left buccal mucosa presented as a red and white exophytic mass with a greyish white diffuse patch associated with it. A differential diagnosis of papilloma, verrucous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma associated with leukoplakia was listed. Histopathological findings were suggestive of VX due to the presence of characteristic foam cells in the connective tissue papillae. Immunohistochemical analysis with CD68 showed strong positive immunoreactivity revealing expression of foam cells. After the excisional biopsy, the patient was followed up for the next 6 months with no recurrence. Follow-up is very essential in such a case as the exophytic lesion was associated with a potentially malignant disorder. A short review of reported recurrent cases of verruciform xanthoma is also discussed.

One of the growing concerns in scientific publishing is the rise of cloned journals. With increasing pressure on academic institutions for publications, many faculty members fall victim to these cloned journals, leading to not only financial loss but also the misuse of valuable research data. Post-graduate students are particularly vulnerable, making awareness and education about this issue crucial. Therefore, it is of paramount importance for faculty members to be aware of such scams and take steps to protect themselves from academic embarrassment. This short communication discusses the identification of cloned journals, government initiatives, and proper methods for verifying legitimate submission websites.

Introduction: Nasal morphology is a key factor in facial reconstructive procedures and forensic investigations. It is directly proportional to ethnicity, race, gender, and environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nasal morphological features of the Lingayat population of Mysuru (South India) as an indicator for personal identification.

Material and methods: The study involved 305 randomly selected healthy subjects (240 males and 65 females) between three age groups. Nose width and nose height were measured using a digital vernier calliper. The nasal index was calculated along with other parameters. Statistical analysis of the accumulated data was performed.

Results: The average nose width in men and women was 85.25 mm and 84.92 mm, while the average nose height was 120.24 mm and 119.93 mm respectively. The mean nasal index for males (71.29) was slightly higher than for females (71.05). The morphological classification showed the leptorrhine nose type as the most prevalent among both males (47.08%) and females (52.30%).

Discussion and conclusion: The population under the study exhibits leptorrhine type of nose and shows sexual dimorphism in the values of nasal parameters. Thus, the present study is invaluable not only in forensic facial reconstruction but also in gender determination and the identification of an unidentified individual.

Developments in tissue engineering, diagnosis, and therapy of oral diseases can be made possible by nanotechnology. The purpose of this scoping review was to assess the state of nanotechnology applications in oral pathology at the moment. A thorough search for research published between 2000 and 2024 was done using various online data bases. Relevant studies were identified, screened, and included in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines standards as per the selection criterion. A total of 57 studies satisfied the requirements for inclusion. Significant findings show that in oral disease, nanotechnology greatly enhances treatment delivery, regeneration capacity, and diagnostic accuracy. Among the most promising tools identified were nanofibers, liposomes, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles. In the field of oral pathology, nanotechnology has great potential for novel approaches to early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and tissue regeneration. However, additional investigation are needed to solve safety and biocompatibility challenges.

Background: The morphological features of keratinisation can impact histopathological diagnosis. Routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain has its limitations in moderately differentiated cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the characteristics of staining and identification of keratin by routine H&E stain, Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS), Ayoub-Shklar, and Modified Papanicolaou (PAP) stain in OSCC cases.

Material and methods: Overall, 30 cases of OSCC were included in experimental groups, and 20 cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and ten cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC) and ten cases of normal keratinised oral mucosa (NKOM) were included in the control group. Histopathologicaly diagnosed cases of OSCC were selected, and tissue sections from each were prepared. Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis.

Results and conclusions: We observed that the staining intensity was greater in Ayoub-Shklar in WDSCC and in MDSCC followed by modified PAP and AB-PAS-stained sections and the staining specificity was greater in modified PAP in WDSCC and in MDSCC followed by AB-PAS and Ayoub-Shklar in stained sections. We conclude that special stains like AB-PAS, Ayoub-Shklar, and modified PAP stain can prove to be a simple solution to detect the presence and pattern of keratin histologically. The efficacy of distinct identification of keratin pearls and individual cell keratinisation in OSCC-modified PAP stain is better. It can be used as alternative stain to H&E for histological grading of OSCC based on keratinisation.

Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone that may arise in response to a foci of infection. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary between the clinician, pathologist, and radiologist to give an early diagnosis for initiating early treatment to prevent lifelong debility.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to analyze the applicability of Histopathological Osteomyelitis Evaluation Score (HOES) in diagnosing different stages of jaw osteomyelitis and to compare the HOES method with preoperative and conventional histopathological diagnosis.

Method: In this retrospective study, 40 slides of preoperatively diagnosed cases of osteomyelitis were evaluated semiquantitatively using HOES criteria for acute (A1, A2, and A3) and chronic (C1 and C2) cases based on histopathological changes in the bone, soft tissue, and inflammatory infiltrate. The results obtained were compared and correlated to preoperative diagnosis and conventional histopathological diagnosis by using Chi-square and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Result: Out of 40 cases, 26 (65%) were men and 14 (35%) were women, with a mean age of 45.1 years (range: 7 to 70 years). The frequency of occurrence was found to be 68% in mandible and 32% in maxilla. Significant association was observed between HOES and conventional histopathological diagnosis (χ ² = 15.91, P < 0.001), as well as HOES and preoperative diagnosis (χ ² = 12.69, P < 0.005). The results of Spearman's correlation revealed 50% correlation of HOES with conventional histopathological diagnosis and 43% with preoperative diagnosis.

Conclusion: HOES serves as a systematic and precise method for classification and differentiation of different stages of osteomyelitis which aids in the stratification of patients for their treatment needs, preventing and halting the progression of disease at an early stage.

Background: Dysregulation of the oral microbiome has been correlated with many diseases, but oral microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of oral cancer remains a grey area and needs to be explored. It is imperative to understand the oral microbiome profiles so as to know the variations in the composition from normal to pre-cancer to cancer.

Aim: To profile the oral microbiome of normal, oral potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia - Leu, oral submucous fibrosis - OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal rRNA gene.

Material and methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. A total of 50 subjects were selected for this study, which included the the normal, Leukoplakia, OSMF, and OSCC groups. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region was carried out using the Illumina MiSeq system. Bio-informatics data analysis was carried out using the DADA2 pipeline and phyloseq R package, and the t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results and conclusion: Variations in the composition of the oral microbiome were identified across all study groups, and significant differences were noted in certain microbial taxa across normal, pre-cancer, and cancer. Certain bacterial taxa were detected only in OSCC. An increase in relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria as well as an increasing trend in the abundance of periodontal taxa was observed in OSCC. This study generated a baseline data which may provide a guideline for future functional and integrative oral microbiome studies. Variations in oral microbiome composition may be used as biomarkers and provide signatures during the progression from normal to pre-cancer to cancer.

Context: Early detection of cancer is key to good prognosis and improved survival rate. Gastric cancer (GC) is fatal and presents with poor prognosis as it is usually diagnosed only at advanced stages. Saliva is emerging as a preferred diagnostic tool due to its advantages of being non-invasive, easy to collect, and cost-effective. Salivary microRNAs (miRNA) are more reliable due to their stability, resistance to degradation and its abundant involvement in cancer progression.

Aim: To estimate and validate the potential of salivary miRNA 301a in the diagnosis of Gastric cancer.

Methods and materials: This Cross-sectional study comprised of 60 GC patients (Group I) and 60 normal controls (Group II). Fold change (FC) values of serum and salivary miRNA301a levels were estimated using the Real Time-Polymerisation Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and compared between the study groups. Correlation between the serum and salivary miRNA301a levels was also evaluated. MiRNA301a levels were compared and correlated, with the clinical stage and histopathological grades of GC.

Results: The mean FC of serum (Mean ± SD = 2.62 ± 0.75, Mean Rank = 90.5) and salivary (Mean ± SD = 2.03 ± 0.56, Mean Rank = 90.5) miRNA301a was significantly higher in Gastric cancer patients compared to controls (Mean ± SD = 0.99 ± 0.004, Mean Rank = 30.5). Salivary miRNA301a levels exhibited significant positive correlation with serum miRNA301a in gastric cancer patients (r = 0.941). The mean FC of serum and salivary microRNA 301a exhibited significant correlation with the clinical stages and histopathological grades of GC.

Conclusion: Salivary miRNA301a is a potential reliable diagnostic tool for early screening of Gastric cancer.