M. Nițuică, M. Sönmez, M. Stelescu, L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, D. Gurau, E. Badea, Bogdan Florin Rusu, Andrei Dumitru
The paper presents the influence of a mixture of elastomeric and protein waste from the footwear industry on the properties of elastomeric compounds based on NBR (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) rubber, as well as their obtaining and characterization. The mixture of leather and rubber waste was cryogenically ground, in three grinding cycles, and the selected size was 0.35 mm, and the rotation speed of 14,000 rpm. After grinding, the leather and rubber waste mixture was functionalized with potassium oleate at a temperature of 60°C. The polymer compounds based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) and the mixture of protein and elastomeric waste (in the ratio of 15, 20, 40, 50%) from the footwear industry were processed by mixing on an internal Brabender mixer, tested from a rheological, physical and mechanical point of view (hardness, elasticity and tensile strength) after conditioning for 24 h at room temperature according to the standards in force, but also by FT-IR spectroscopy performed with a double beam IR molecular absorption spectrometer, in the range 4000-400 cm-1, using the FT-IR Thermo Nicolet iS 50, equipped with ATR with diamond crystal. Following characterisation, it can be said that they present optimal values that fall within the standards for the footwear industry.
本文介绍了制鞋工业中合成的弹性体和蛋白质废料对丁二烯-共丙烯腈橡胶合成弹性体性能的影响，及其制备和表征方法。将皮革和橡胶废料的混合物进行低温研磨，分3个研磨循环，选择粒度为0.35 mm，转速为14000 rpm。研磨后，用油酸钾在60℃的温度下对皮革和橡胶废混合物进行功能化处理。以丁二烯-共丙烯腈橡胶(NBR)为基础的聚合物化合物和来自鞋类工业的蛋白质和弹性体废料的混合物(比例分别为15%、20%、40%和50%)在内部Brabender混合器上混合，在室温下根据现行标准调节24小时，从流变学、物理和机械的角度(硬度、弹性和抗拉强度)进行测试。也可通过双光束红外分子吸收光谱仪进行FT-IR光谱分析，在4000-400 cm-1范围内，使用FT-IR Thermo Nicolet iS 50，配备有金刚石晶体的ATR。以下特征，可以说，他们目前的最佳价值落在鞋业的标准。
{"title":"The Influence of Protein and Elastomer Waste Mixture on the NBR-Based Elastomer Compound","authors":"M. Nițuică, M. Sönmez, M. Stelescu, L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, D. Gurau, E. Badea, Bogdan Florin Rusu, Andrei Dumitru","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the influence of a mixture of elastomeric and protein waste from the footwear industry on the properties of elastomeric compounds based on NBR (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) rubber, as well as their obtaining and characterization. The mixture of leather and rubber waste was cryogenically ground, in three grinding cycles, and the selected size was 0.35 mm, and the rotation speed of 14,000 rpm. After grinding, the leather and rubber waste mixture was functionalized with potassium oleate at a temperature of 60°C. The polymer compounds based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) and the mixture of protein and elastomeric waste (in the ratio of 15, 20, 40, 50%) from the footwear industry were processed by mixing on an internal Brabender mixer, tested from a rheological, physical and mechanical point of view (hardness, elasticity and tensile strength) after conditioning for 24 h at room temperature according to the standards in force, but also by FT-IR spectroscopy performed with a double beam IR molecular absorption spectrometer, in the range 4000-400 cm-1, using the FT-IR Thermo Nicolet iS 50, equipped with ATR with diamond crystal. Following characterisation, it can be said that they present optimal values that fall within the standards for the footwear industry.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Jumayeva, M. Markevich, A. Toshev, T. Kodirov, Sh U Shoyimov
Using scanning electron microscopy, the surface morphology of a split leather sample was studied under the action of laser radiation from the front and backsides. It has been established that the effect of laser skin resurfacing is achieved in the range of input energies of 40 J and exposure times of 40 sec. It was found that laser exposure from the front and backsides leads to polishing of splits. Skin resurfacing from the front and leather split starts at different input energies from the front side from the split, which is associated with a looser structure of the leather from the split and its lower absorption of radiation.
{"title":"Ablation Method of Grinding a Leather Split under the Influence of Laser Radiation","authors":"G. Jumayeva, M. Markevich, A. Toshev, T. Kodirov, Sh U Shoyimov","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Using scanning electron microscopy, the surface morphology of a split leather sample was studied under the action of laser radiation from the front and backsides. It has been established that the effect of laser skin resurfacing is achieved in the range of input energies of 40 J and exposure times of 40 sec. It was found that laser exposure from the front and backsides leads to polishing of splits. Skin resurfacing from the front and leather split starts at different input energies from the front side from the split, which is associated with a looser structure of the leather from the split and its lower absorption of radiation.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44607984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of a classical surfactant – palmitoyl-glycylglycine and bola amphiphilic – demecarium bromide upon the elastin membrane preparation and separation mechanism of turmeric from aqueous solutions was studied by: UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and separation rates. The tensile strength and hydrophobic property were improved by introducing a surfactant (classic or bola). In this research the influence of surfactants upon the microporous structure and retention of turmeric from aqueous solutions was studied. The biomembranes were produced by a casting-solvent evaporation technique. The elastin powder was dissolved in a water-acetic acid (70:30 v/v) solution with and without plasticizer: glycerol and surfactant (classic or bola), constant continuous stirring for 5-7 hrs. at 60°C, then degassed the solution for 2 hrs. The solution was poured and afterwards maintained in the oven at 45-55°C for 5-8 hrs. Ecological biomembranes are obtained from a biodegradable biopolymer – elastin, and can be used successfully in removing turmeric from wastewaters.
{"title":"Preparation of Elastin Membranes Based on Surfactants and Separation Mechanism","authors":"D. Simion, C. Gaidău, G. Păun","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of a classical surfactant – palmitoyl-glycylglycine and bola amphiphilic – demecarium bromide upon the elastin membrane preparation and separation mechanism of turmeric from aqueous solutions was studied by: UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and separation rates. The tensile strength and hydrophobic property were improved by introducing a surfactant (classic or bola). In this research the influence of surfactants upon the microporous structure and retention of turmeric from aqueous solutions was studied. The biomembranes were produced by a casting-solvent evaporation technique. The elastin powder was dissolved in a water-acetic acid (70:30 v/v) solution with and without plasticizer: glycerol and surfactant (classic or bola), constant continuous stirring for 5-7 hrs. at 60°C, then degassed the solution for 2 hrs. The solution was poured and afterwards maintained in the oven at 45-55°C for 5-8 hrs. Ecological biomembranes are obtained from a biodegradable biopolymer – elastin, and can be used successfully in removing turmeric from wastewaters.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Lu, Shunxun Li, Jin Zhou, Zhifeng Yao, Wei Li
There are several laser or structured-light based foot scanners available on the market, which can be used to obtain accurate 3D foot models. Compared to those 3D scanning devices, TrueDepth cameras are portable, inexpensive and easy-to-use. However, the accuracy and reliability of their 3D foot scanning remain to be confirmed. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of structured light TrueDepth camera integrated into the mobile phone when it is used for foot measurement. Thirteen students without any kinds of foot abnormalities or foot diseases were recruited and their feet were measured by both Infoot 3D foot scanner and mobile phone with TrueDepth camera. Three parameters were measured including foot length, foot breadth and ball girth. Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the two methods were assessed by linear regression analyses, intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The foot breadth and girth circumference measurements all showed high coefficients of determination (R2>0.8) between the two methods and three measurements indicated good to excellent agreements (ICCs>0.9), although the length measurement was reported without significant coefficients of determination. Further, findings from Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the measurements from the TrueDepth camera had good agreements with those from Infoot and they could be used interchangeably. However, with the reconstruction algorithm updating in the near future, we could foresee the promotion in foot length measurement when using the TrueDepth camera from the phone. The TrueDepth camera utilizing structured-light and the customized application for foot measurement has fast, accurate and low-cost features and it is a convenient and economical method to obtain the foot 3D model. It can be widely applied for medical purposes and customization.
{"title":"The Validity and Reliability of TrueDepth Camera Embedded in the Phone for Foot Measurement","authors":"Qian Lu, Shunxun Li, Jin Zhou, Zhifeng Yao, Wei Li","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"There are several laser or structured-light based foot scanners available on the market, which can be used to obtain accurate 3D foot models. Compared to those 3D scanning devices, TrueDepth cameras are portable, inexpensive and easy-to-use. However, the accuracy and reliability of their 3D foot scanning remain to be confirmed. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of structured light TrueDepth camera integrated into the mobile phone when it is used for foot measurement. Thirteen students without any kinds of foot abnormalities or foot diseases were recruited and their feet were measured by both Infoot 3D foot scanner and mobile phone with TrueDepth camera. Three parameters were measured including foot length, foot breadth and ball girth. Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the two methods were assessed by linear regression analyses, intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The foot breadth and girth circumference measurements all showed high coefficients of determination (R2>0.8) between the two methods and three measurements indicated good to excellent agreements (ICCs>0.9), although the length measurement was reported without significant coefficients of determination. Further, findings from Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the measurements from the TrueDepth camera had good agreements with those from Infoot and they could be used interchangeably. However, with the reconstruction algorithm updating in the near future, we could foresee the promotion in foot length measurement when using the TrueDepth camera from the phone. The TrueDepth camera utilizing structured-light and the customized application for foot measurement has fast, accurate and low-cost features and it is a convenient and economical method to obtain the foot 3D model. It can be widely applied for medical purposes and customization.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44335799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Simion, C. Gaidău, G. Păun, M. Stanca, D. Berechet
New bioemulsions structured like “networks” were created by innovative technologies based on: elastin/zinc hydroxide/ (bolaamphiphiles mixture: bis [2-butyl (sodium bis-thioacetate) sodium dicarboxylate 1,10 decanediyl ester] and/or sucrose diester)/ acetic acid/water, for improved surface properties development with applications in leather industry. We used in this research two “bolaamphiphiles”. Bolaamphiphilic molecules contain a hydrophobic skeleton (e.g., one, two, or three alkyl chains, a steroid, or a porphyrin) and two water-soluble groups on both ends. The interaction of surfactants with biopolymers in aqueous medium results in the formation of different association structures. There are various morphologies of biopolymer-surfactant association complexes depending on the molecular structure of the biopolymer and surfactant, on the nature of interaction forces between solvents and surfactant or biopolymer. The innovation consists in the technologies for obtaining novel micro and nanostructured bioemulsions, and the compatibilisation with film forming polymers for leather surface finishing. Elastin/zinc hydroxide micro and nanocomposites have been stabilized with bolaamphiphilic surfactants mixture: bis [2-butyl (sodium bis-thioacetate) sodium dicarboxylate 1,10 decanediyl ester and sucrose diester in a 1:1 acetic acid/water ratio, to increase the uniformity of nanocomposites. Micro and nanostructured composites like “networks” developed as a result of biopolymer-surfactants interactions for elastin/zinc hydroxide/surfactants mixture couple in acetic acid/water system are reported by SEM microscopy and DLS analysis. A special class of micro and nanoarchitectures is represented by structures organized as “network” assemblies. The novel micro and nanocomposites can provide the hybrid film with increased resistance to rubbing and water, and to deformation. Environmentally-friendly substrates with smart multifunctional features can be obtained for various applications.
{"title":"Obtaining Bioemulsions Structured as \"Networks\" by Innovative Technologies","authors":"D. Simion, C. Gaidău, G. Păun, M. Stanca, D. Berechet","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"New bioemulsions structured like “networks” were created by innovative technologies based on: elastin/zinc hydroxide/ (bolaamphiphiles mixture: bis [2-butyl (sodium bis-thioacetate) sodium dicarboxylate 1,10 decanediyl ester] and/or sucrose diester)/ acetic acid/water, for improved surface properties development with applications in leather industry. We used in this research two “bolaamphiphiles”. Bolaamphiphilic molecules contain a hydrophobic skeleton (e.g., one, two, or three alkyl chains, a steroid, or a porphyrin) and two water-soluble groups on both ends. The interaction of surfactants with biopolymers in aqueous medium results in the formation of different association structures. There are various morphologies of biopolymer-surfactant association complexes depending on the molecular structure of the biopolymer and surfactant, on the nature of interaction forces between solvents and surfactant or biopolymer. The innovation consists in the technologies for obtaining novel micro and nanostructured bioemulsions, and the compatibilisation with film forming polymers for leather surface finishing. Elastin/zinc hydroxide micro and nanocomposites have been stabilized with bolaamphiphilic surfactants mixture: bis [2-butyl (sodium bis-thioacetate) sodium dicarboxylate 1,10 decanediyl ester and sucrose diester in a 1:1 acetic acid/water ratio, to increase the uniformity of nanocomposites. Micro and nanostructured composites like “networks” developed as a result of biopolymer-surfactants interactions for elastin/zinc hydroxide/surfactants mixture couple in acetic acid/water system are reported by SEM microscopy and DLS analysis. A special class of micro and nanoarchitectures is represented by structures organized as “network” assemblies. The novel micro and nanocomposites can provide the hybrid film with increased resistance to rubbing and water, and to deformation. Environmentally-friendly substrates with smart multifunctional features can be obtained for various applications.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41251617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Constantinescu, M. Ferdeș, Mădălina Ignat, C. Chelaru, Ana-Maria Ciobanu, Denis-Andrei Drușan
Enzymes are the substances that speeds up a chemical reaction suitable for green chemistry and can be used to achieve ecological industrial processing in order to reduce the effects of industrial pollution. Microbiological degradation of pelt waste is amongst the permanent concerns of tanners. Several enzymes have been used in the leather industry to substitute the conventional process, mainly proteases. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify bacteria which produced protease enzyme from tannery solid waste. The selected bacterial strains showed increased protease biosynthesis capacity, which had a significant hydrolytic action on pelt waste. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the ability of strains belonging to the Bacillus genus to synthesize increased amounts of proteolytic enzymes and to degrade pelt waste, as well as the possibility of using these microorganisms as a source of protease in various biotechnological processes.
{"title":"Enzymatic Biotechnology Applied to Pelt Waste","authors":"R. Constantinescu, M. Ferdeș, Mădălina Ignat, C. Chelaru, Ana-Maria Ciobanu, Denis-Andrei Drușan","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are the substances that speeds up a chemical reaction suitable for green chemistry and can be used to achieve ecological industrial processing in order to reduce the effects of industrial pollution. Microbiological degradation of pelt waste is amongst the permanent concerns of tanners. Several enzymes have been used in the leather industry to substitute the conventional process, mainly proteases. The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify bacteria which produced protease enzyme from tannery solid waste. The selected bacterial strains showed increased protease biosynthesis capacity, which had a significant hydrolytic action on pelt waste. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the ability of strains belonging to the Bacillus genus to synthesize increased amounts of proteolytic enzymes and to degrade pelt waste, as well as the possibility of using these microorganisms as a source of protease in various biotechnological processes.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, M. Sönmez, M. Nițuică, M. Stelescu, D. Gurau
This work presents the development and characterization of biodegradable polymeric composites based on natural rubber and protein waste from finished post-consumer leather. Protein waste is cryogenically ground to min. 500 nm, functionalized by a mechanical process at temperature with potassium oleate (5%) and mixed in the composite in various proportions (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%). This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, recovery and reuse of waste, and last but not least, biodegradable. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, will be carried out on a roller and the mixtures will be processed into finished products by compression in an electric press. The tested biodegradable composites were structurally and physico-mechanically characterized. Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) into new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the sustainable use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.
{"title":"Biodegradable Polymeric Composites Based on Natural Rubber and Functionalized Post-Consumer Leather Waste","authors":"L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, M. Sönmez, M. Nițuică, M. Stelescu, D. Gurau","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the development and characterization of biodegradable polymeric composites based on natural rubber and protein waste from finished post-consumer leather. Protein waste is cryogenically ground to min. 500 nm, functionalized by a mechanical process at temperature with potassium oleate (5%) and mixed in the composite in various proportions (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%). This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, recovery and reuse of waste, and last but not least, biodegradable. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, will be carried out on a roller and the mixtures will be processed into finished products by compression in an electric press. The tested biodegradable composites were structurally and physico-mechanically characterized. Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) into new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the sustainable use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medical treatment of patients with rheumatic, joint and muscle diseases can be improved by alternative methods. The essential oils extracted from different plants have certain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, immunostimulating properties, etc. Products have been made based on essential oils with therapeutic properties (mint, cajeput, eucalyptus), which can be used to treat the surface of finished sheep fur for medical purposes. The sheep furs were tanned (without metals) with syntans based on phenolsulfonic acids and aromatic oxysulfones and treated with products based on essential oils with therapeutic properties, to be used to make medical fur articles (lumbar and cervical belts, knee pads, elbow pads, etc.). They can improve rheumatic, muscular and circulatory conditions, complementing the medical treatment of patients suffering from these conditions. The work presents the chemical, physical-mechanical and microbiological characterization of natural furs for medical use.
{"title":"Testing of Medical Sheep Fur with Antimicrobial Properties – Part 1","authors":"O. Niculescu, R. Constantinescu, D. Gurau","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The medical treatment of patients with rheumatic, joint and muscle diseases can be improved by alternative methods. The essential oils extracted from different plants have certain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, immunostimulating properties, etc. Products have been made based on essential oils with therapeutic properties (mint, cajeput, eucalyptus), which can be used to treat the surface of finished sheep fur for medical purposes. The sheep furs were tanned (without metals) with syntans based on phenolsulfonic acids and aromatic oxysulfones and treated with products based on essential oils with therapeutic properties, to be used to make medical fur articles (lumbar and cervical belts, knee pads, elbow pads, etc.). They can improve rheumatic, muscular and circulatory conditions, complementing the medical treatment of patients suffering from these conditions. The work presents the chemical, physical-mechanical and microbiological characterization of natural furs for medical use.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45264480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, M. Sönmez, M. Nițuică, M. Stelescu, D. Gurau
In this work, biodegradable polymer composites were made based on natural rubber and post-consumer vulcanized rubber waste functionalized with potassium oleate, in various proportions (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%), cryogenically ground to dimensions of min. 500 nm and polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer between the two phases. This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, and last but not least, biodegradable, with the recovery and reuse of waste, containing post-consumer polymers. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, is carried out on a roller and the mixtures are processed into finished products by compression in an electric press. The tested biodegradable composites were structurally and physico-mechanically characterized. Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) into new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the sustainable use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.
{"title":"Polymer Composite Based on Natural Rubber and Functionalized Rubber Waste","authors":"L. Alexandrescu, M. Georgescu, M. Sönmez, M. Nițuică, M. Stelescu, D. Gurau","doi":"10.24264/lfj.22.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24264/lfj.22.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, biodegradable polymer composites were made based on natural rubber and post-consumer vulcanized rubber waste functionalized with potassium oleate, in various proportions (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%), cryogenically ground to dimensions of min. 500 nm and polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer between the two phases. This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, and last but not least, biodegradable, with the recovery and reuse of waste, containing post-consumer polymers. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, is carried out on a roller and the mixtures are processed into finished products by compression in an electric press. The tested biodegradable composites were structurally and physico-mechanically characterized. Waste transformation (ground and functionalized) into new value-added products will lead to remarkable improvements in the life cycle of raw materials and the sustainable use of this waste, contributing to sustainability, improving eco-efficiency and economic efficiency and reducing the “pressure” of waste on the environment.","PeriodicalId":38857,"journal":{"name":"Leather and Footwear Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46154544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Azimov, M. I. Markevich, Tulkin Jumaevich Kodirov, Shokhrukh Shukhratovich Shoyimov, A. Toshev
The article discusses the activation of the surface of karakul (astrakhan) leather tissue by laser exposure, changes in the surface morphology of karakul leather tissue during laser processing and subsequent glutaraldehyde tanning combined with chrome tanning of karakul leather. The morphology of the surface of the sample was investigated by the methods of optical and scanning electron microscopy and the elemental analysis of the skin tissue of karakul under the action of laser radiation from the front side was carried out. Dry tanning was carried out after laser exposure. For the first time, the morphology of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul was investigated using a laser generating in a two-pulse mode (pulses are separated by a time interval of 3 μs, pulse duration of 10 ns) with a wavelength of 1064 nm in a wide range of deposited energies, which lead, as to the mode of ablation of the surface of the skin tissue of karakul and to its perforation followed by glutaraldehyde tanning. The possibility of changing the consumer parameters of the skin tissue of karakul due to the dermis dissociation, conformational changes, which lead to a change in the structure, is shown. At energies more than 30 J, the skin is perforated with carbonization of the edges of the holes.
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