Journal of Conservative Dentistry最新文献

Aim: Four bonding agents and a composite restorative resin were evaluated in patients having noncarious cervical defects.

Materials and methods: This clinical trial was conducted in patients having at least 4 noncarious cervical defects in posterior teeth evaluating the clinical effectiveness in relation to retention, discoloration at margins, and postoperative sensitivity of 5^th, 6^th, 7^th, and 8^th generations of bonding agents over a period of baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months.

Statistical analysis: Data were recorded and put into statistical analysis using Chi-square tests.

Results: At 24 months, retention rate was found out to be 92.6% for the 7^th generation which was better than 5^th (66.7%) and 6^th (70.4%) generation whereas significant marginal discoloration was seen at 6 months follow-up in which 5^th generation showed maximum results. However, all the four generations have an equal score of postoperative sensitivity at all the time intervals.

Conclusions: The 7^th generation adhesives performed better than other generations in terms of retention. Changes in marginal discoloration were detected at 6 months with maximum score in 5^th generation adhesives.

Context: Endodontic biofilm eradication is achieved by chemo-mechanical disinfection. The search for a safer, nontoxic irrigant led us to a natural product, Ecoenzyme.

Aim: This study aims to analyze Ecoenzyme (EE) and explore its antimicrobial and biofilm disrupting activity against a 1-week mature multi-species biofilm.

Materials and methods: Qualitative assessment of the phytochemicals present in EE was conducted. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and zone of inhibition (ZOI) were recorded. Multi-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497), Lactobacillus acidophilus (MTCC 10307), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was grown and time-kill assay was performed to test biofilm disruption for EE, 3.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (control). Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis were conducted for ZOI and time-kill assay, respectively. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results: EE contained secondary metabolites having antibacterial properties. MIC was 25% (S. mutans), 50% (E. faecalis), and >50% (L. acidophilus). EE disrupted ~90% of biofilm species in 5 min of exposure while NaOCl achieved ~99.9% reduction. Further reduction by EE progressed over 20 min after which no viable bacteria in the biofilm was cultivable.

Conclusions: Lemon peel Ecoenzyme (EE) is antimicrobial with effective biofilm-disrupting properties on a mature multi-species biofilm. However, its effects were slower than 3.5% sodium hypochlorite.

Introduction: To assess the effects of different irrigation activation systems on postoperative pain using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), using new laser irrigation activation system shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), passive ultrasonic irrigation activation techniques, compared with the conventional irrigation (CI) method.

Materials and methods: Sixty patients suffering from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary or mandibular molars were enrolled and randomly assigned to four different irrigation activation groups (n = 15) after chemomechanical root canal preparation. Preoperative and postoperative pain scores were recorded using VAS. The data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0 software at a level of significance being 0.05.

Results: We observed that mean pain scores decreased with time in all patients in all groups. The decrease in pain score was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) among both the genders in Group 3 (PIPS) and Group 4 (SWEEPS). Postoperatively, pain scores decreased significantly using Group 4 (SWEEPS), followed by Group 3 (PIPS), Group 2 (ultrasonic activation), and Group 1 (conventional needle irrigation). No significant relation was observed statistically between pain scores and age groups among all groups, except for preoperative score in Group 3 and age groups.

Conclusion: Postoperative scores were lower in laser-activated irrigation systems as compared to the other activation systems. The highest pain scores were observed in case of CI method, at pre- and post-operative periods.

Context: Retention of the rubber dam is done with metallic or nonmetallic clamps for isolation. The two types of metallic clamps most frequently used are winged and wingless. The clinical efficacy of both clamps is needed to be compared.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the postoperative pain and clinical efficacy of winged clamps and wingless metallic clamps in rubber dam isolation of permanent molars in class I restoration.

Materials and methods: After obtaining ethical approval and CTRI registration, a total of 60 patients with mild-to-moderate deep class I caries were included after obtaining informed consent and randomly allocated into two assigned groups: Group A - winged clamp and Group B - wingless clamp, with n = 30 per group. Local anesthesia was administered and the tooth was isolated using a rubber dam as per the standardized protocol. The postoperative evaluation was done for pain using the Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) at 6 and 12 h; trauma to the gingival tissues, sealing ability of the clamp, and slippage of the clamp were evaluated using criteria for clinical evaluation of rubber dam isolation.

Statistical analysis used: Independent t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare VRS and clinical parameters, respectively, with P < 0.05.

Results: Gingival trauma (P = 0.006) and postoperative pain were statistically significantly more in the wingless group at 6 h (P = 0.016) and 12 h (0.01). Statistically significant lower seepage of fluid (P = 0.017) was observed in the wingless group. Slippage was observed more with the winged group but was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion: Both clamps showed acceptable clinical performance. Their use should be planned as per the requisite of the case and the position of the tooth.

A thorough assessment of complex canals in any tooth is a crucial prerequisite for the success of the treatment. The radicular space is often complex, and the canals might also additionally separate at all levels of the root canals, which poses a great challenge to the treating clinician. The mandibular premolars often have variations and complexity in the canal system. The abnormal morphology of these mandibular premolars makes it inaccessible to find and negotiate the additional canals; failure to identify other canals often leads to unsuccessful root canal treatment. This case series reports five successful nonsurgical root canal treatments in mandibular premolars.

Overview: Different types of bacterial species, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), cause pulpal and periradicular diseases. Hence, the antibacterial efficacy of endodontic sealers is of utmost importance from a clinical point of view.

Aim: The main objective of the study is to test the antibacterial efficacy of endodontic sealers against endo microflora belonging to E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis species.

Materials and methods: The antibacterial effectiveness of five endodontic sealers (AH plus, Apexit, EndoRez, Endomethasone, and Tubliseal) was tested by means of the agar-diffusion test (ADT) and direct contact test (DCT). The bacterial suspension of individual microorganisms was applied separately onto the agar plates for ADT. Subsequently, freshly mixed and set sealer was applied on to the sterile discs. After 48 h of incubation, the inhibition zones were measured. For DCT, the sealers were put in 96-well cell culture plates and overlaid with bacterial suspension and brain heart infusion broth. The bacterial growth density of the liquid was tested by spectrophotometry at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h.

Results: The data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Turkey's test. The present study showed that Endomethasone and AH Plus had a good antibacterial effect.

Conclusion: In the ADT and DCT, Endomethasone showed the greatest antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis when compared to other endodontic sealers. In the ADT, Apexit had no antimicrobial effect on E. faecalis, whereas AH Plus had the greatest antibacterial effect on F. nucleatum and P gingivalis. Whereas in DCT, EndoRez and Endomethasone showed the greatest effect against F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the color stability of resin cements subjected to xenon radiation and evaluate their color change (ΔE) during time.

Materials and methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 15 specimens (8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were made from a light-cured resin cement (Choice 2, Bisco, USA) and two dual-cured resin cements (Panavia F2 and V5, Kuraray Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). For assessment of color change, ΔE parameters were measured immediately (ΔE₁) and 24 h (ΔE₂) after polymerization using XRiteCi64 spectrophotometer. Next, they were subjected to xenon lamp radiation (122 h at 35C° and 22% humidity in off mode and 95% in light mode). Then, their color change was measured again (ΔE₃). The mean ΔE and standard deviation of all specimens were calculated, and data analysis was done using analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference.

Results: L* values had a tendency to decrease and Panavia F2 and Choice 2 had the highest change after accelerated aging. The comparison of Δa and Δb showed no significant difference between cements except Δa in Panavia F2. All the values were clinically acceptable (ΔE >3.3). The lowest Δ E1 was for Panavia V5 and the highest Δ E1 was measured for Panavia F2. After accelerated aging, there was no significant difference between Panavia V5 and choice 2 (P > 0/05).

Conclusions: Following polymerization and under xenon radiation, ΔE of all the specimens was clinically acceptable.