Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a terrific arsenal for the design of next-generation nanovaccines, owing to several favorable features, such as excellent safety, immunostimulatory properties, lymphatic targeting ability, antigen-presentation capacity, facile modification characteristics, longer shelf-lives in vivo, and simpler good manufacturing practices handling procedures than cell-based vaccines. Here, we endeavor to summarize the state-of-the-art achievements in EV-based vaccines, particularly those aimed at immunizing against infectious pathogens and cancers. The emerging strategies for genetically or non-genetically engineering EVs to be loaded with antigenic proteins and antigen-encoding RNAs are highlighted. For each methodology, the rationale underlying its development is elaborated. In addition, EV biogenesis, cargo sorting, and immunomodulatory roles are discussed, as well as the clinical translation, latest industrial pipelines, current challenges, and envisioned directions for EV vaccines. This review may offer insights into the rational design of EVs as a cutting-edge vaccine platform to stimulate potent, broad, and long-lasting immunity.
{"title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles as a next-generation vaccine platform","authors":"Mei Lu, Haonan Xing, Xiaoyun Zhao, Yuanyu Huang, Aiping Zheng, Xing-Jie Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a terrific arsenal for the design of next-generation nanovaccines, owing to several favorable features, such as excellent safety, immunostimulatory properties, lymphatic targeting ability, antigen-presentation capacity, facile modification characteristics, longer shelf-lives <em>in vivo</em>, and simpler good manufacturing practices handling procedures than cell-based vaccines. Here, we endeavor to summarize the state-of-the-art achievements in EV-based vaccines, particularly those aimed at immunizing against infectious pathogens and cancers. The emerging strategies for genetically or non-genetically engineering EVs to be loaded with antigenic proteins and antigen-encoding RNAs are highlighted. For each methodology, the rationale underlying its development is elaborated. In addition, EV biogenesis, cargo sorting, and immunomodulatory roles are discussed, as well as the clinical translation, latest industrial pipelines, current challenges, and envisioned directions for EV vaccines. This review may offer insights into the rational design of EVs as a cutting-edge vaccine platform to stimulate potent, broad, and long-lasting immunity.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of active life for PSCs remains stagnant ascribing to the unstable structure of self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials (SAMHTMs) with heteroatom substitution. Xue and co-workers introduced a chemical inert and extensive delocalized structure into the rigid self-assembled molecule Py3, which greatly increased the PCE and long-term stability of PSCs.
{"title":"Self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials stabilize perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xueqin Ran, Jianbing Zhu, Yucheng Li, Biyun Ren, Lei Yang, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"The development of active life for PSCs remains stagnant ascribing to the unstable structure of self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials (SAMHTMs) with heteroatom substitution. Xue and co-workers introduced a chemical inert and extensive delocalized structure into the rigid self-assembled molecule Py3, which greatly increased the PCE and long-term stability of PSCs.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018
Changmin Shi, Simon J.L. Billinge
In the 21st century, traditional lecture-based teaching methods are being increasingly supplemented by interactive and student-centered approaches to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This Matter of Opinion explores the use of active learning groups, which were developed by Prof. Billinge as an effective pedagogical tool in materials science and engineering courses.
{"title":"Teaching materials science and engineering students in the 21st century","authors":"Changmin Shi, Simon J.L. Billinge","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, traditional lecture-based teaching methods are being increasingly supplemented by interactive and student-centered approaches to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This Matter of Opinion explores the use of active learning groups, which were developed by Prof. Billinge as an effective pedagogical tool in materials science and engineering courses.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024
Xinshuo Shi, Lei Shi, Jingyang Wang, Yu Zhou, Shenlong Zhao
Defect engineering regulation has long been regarded as an efficient strategy to construct highly selective electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECO2RR) catalysts. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in the development of efficient catalysts by defect design to convert CO2 into high-value chemicals such as C1, C2, and C3 products. Here, a concise but comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of ECO2RR is provided. A series of recently developed defect strategies are summarized under a framework of vacancy defects, doping defects, lattice defects, and edge defects. Besides the relationship between catalyst design and performance, the key factors of device types, ion-exchange membranes, and electrode configuration related to the performance of ECO2RR electrolyzers are discussed. Lastly, recent advances in industrial applications and related economic analyses, along with some challenges and opportunities, are highlighted.
{"title":"Defect engineering of nanomaterials for selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Xinshuo Shi, Lei Shi, Jingyang Wang, Yu Zhou, Shenlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"Defect engineering regulation has long been regarded as an efficient strategy to construct highly selective electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECO<sub>2</sub>RR) catalysts. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in the development of efficient catalysts by defect design to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into high-value chemicals such as C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, and C<sub>3</sub> products. Here, a concise but comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of ECO<sub>2</sub>RR is provided. A series of recently developed defect strategies are summarized under a framework of vacancy defects, doping defects, lattice defects, and edge defects. Besides the relationship between catalyst design and performance, the key factors of device types, ion-exchange membranes, and electrode configuration related to the performance of ECO<sub>2</sub>RR electrolyzers are discussed. Lastly, recent advances in industrial applications and related economic analyses, along with some challenges and opportunities, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004
Jingyu Lu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci
The development of high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes is critical to boost the energy density of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), while a series of chemical and microstructural degradations limit its durable operation. In a recent paper by Liu et al. published at Nature Energy, a surface layer with a compositional and structural dual-gradient design was constructed on a Ni-rich cathode to significantly enhance its cycle stability at high voltages, paving the way toward applications in long-range electric vehicles.
{"title":"High-voltage Ni-rich cathodes stabilized with dual gradients","authors":"Jingyu Lu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes is critical to boost the energy density of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), while a series of chemical and microstructural degradations limit its durable operation. In a recent paper by Liu et al. published at <em>Nature Energy</em>, a surface layer with a compositional and structural dual-gradient design was constructed on a Ni-rich cathode to significantly enhance its cycle stability at high voltages, paving the way toward applications in long-range electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010
Zening Lin, Tao Jiang, Zirong Luo
Biohybrid muscle robots ingeniously integrate living biosystems with artificial structures and have enormous potential in various fields. Here, we analyze their development status and propose six pivotal evolution stages of bio-syncretic intelligent muscle robots capable of autonomous thinking.
{"title":"Focus on the evolution roadmap of biohybrid muscle robots","authors":"Zening Lin, Tao Jiang, Zirong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Biohybrid muscle robots ingeniously integrate living biosystems with artificial structures and have enormous potential in various fields. Here, we analyze their development status and propose six pivotal evolution stages of bio-syncretic intelligent muscle robots capable of autonomous thinking.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.013
Xinyu Zhan, Xinyi Fan, Weixiang Li, Xinyi Tan, Alex W. Robertson, Umer Muhammad, Zhenyu Sun
We highlight the emerging and rapidly developing area of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) for electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR). The DAC concept should be ideal for the efficient catalysis of the ECR reaction, as DACs offer the same intrinsic advantages as single-atom catalysts, yet the additional atom also presents an additional degree of freedom for synergistic catalyst design. This is especially important for the effective catalysis of multi-step reactions such as the ECR reaction, hence the particular relevance of DACs for this reaction. Yet DACs still present many challenges that must be overcome. Here, we first report the unique advantages of the DAC concept for the ECR reaction. This serves as a basis for discussing potential design strategies for realizing effective ECR from DACs. Our review concludes with an exploration of the challenges in the field and how these might be addressed.
{"title":"Coupled metal atomic pairs for synergistic electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Xinyu Zhan, Xinyi Fan, Weixiang Li, Xinyi Tan, Alex W. Robertson, Umer Muhammad, Zhenyu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"We highlight the emerging and rapidly developing area of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) for electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (ECR). The DAC concept should be ideal for the efficient catalysis of the ECR reaction, as DACs offer the same intrinsic advantages as single-atom catalysts, yet the additional atom also presents an additional degree of freedom for synergistic catalyst design. This is especially important for the effective catalysis of multi-step reactions such as the ECR reaction, hence the particular relevance of DACs for this reaction. Yet DACs still present many challenges that must be overcome. Here, we first report the unique advantages of the DAC concept for the ECR reaction. This serves as a basis for discussing potential design strategies for realizing effective ECR from DACs. Our review concludes with an exploration of the challenges in the field and how these might be addressed.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.003
Jianye Li, Yibing Luo, Kai Tao, Jin Wu
Flexible electronics technologies advance rapidly, especially in wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices. Graphene-modified hydrogels with enhanced properties are one of the promising flexible sensing materials. The diverse synthetic strategies employed for combining graphene with hydrogels and relevant exploration in bioelectronic interfaces are comprehensively summarized for future development of bioelectronics.
{"title":"Graphene-modified hydrogels for bioelectronic interface","authors":"Jianye Li, Yibing Luo, Kai Tao, Jin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible electronics technologies advance rapidly, especially in wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices. Graphene-modified hydrogels with enhanced properties are one of the promising flexible sensing materials. The diverse synthetic strategies employed for combining graphene with hydrogels and relevant exploration in bioelectronic interfaces are comprehensively summarized for future development of bioelectronics.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002
John C. Mauro
This is the story of one materials scientist’s journey into the world of speculative fiction, finding mutual inspiration and building stronger linkages between the scientific and science fiction communities.
{"title":"There and back again: A materials scientist’s journey into speculative fiction","authors":"John C. Mauro","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"This is the story of one materials scientist’s journey into the world of speculative fiction, finding mutual inspiration and building stronger linkages between the scientific and science fiction communities.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.026
Junwei Liu, Shuqi Zhang, Yahui Du, Cheng Wang, Jinyue Yan
Water scarcity affects a significant portion of the global population, with two-thirds experiencing at least 1 month of water scarcity annually. To address this issue, research efforts have focused on developing renewable solar-driven desalination and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies. However, existing energy-free freshwater harvesting methods are limited by weather conditions and time constraints, hindering their widespread applications. In this critical review, we explore the potential application and research efforts aimed at achieving a full-day (24 h) water supply to enhance their commercial viability. We begin by discussing the material design for solar-driven 3D evaporators, highlighting their potential for water supply during both daytime and nighttime. Subsequently, we delve into promising materials and devices for developing full-day AWH technologies, including fog harvesting, dewing-condensation water harvesting, and adsorption-based water harvesting. Moreover, we examine hybrid water harvesting techniques that combine AWH with solar-driven desalination, highlighting promising material designs to fulfill dual functionality. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges and offer our insights to stimulate further breakthroughs in achieving a year-round full-day water supply. By advancing these technologies and overcoming existing limitations, we can make significant progress in alleviating water scarcity worldwide.
{"title":"Advances in full-day and year-round freshwater harvesting: Materials and technologies","authors":"Junwei Liu, Shuqi Zhang, Yahui Du, Cheng Wang, Jinyue Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity affects a significant portion of the global population, with two-thirds experiencing at least 1 month of water scarcity annually. To address this issue, research efforts have focused on developing renewable solar-driven desalination and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technologies. However, existing energy-free freshwater harvesting methods are limited by weather conditions and time constraints, hindering their widespread applications. In this critical review, we explore the potential application and research efforts aimed at achieving a full-day (24 h) water supply to enhance their commercial viability. We begin by discussing the material design for solar-driven 3D evaporators, highlighting their potential for water supply during both daytime and nighttime. Subsequently, we delve into promising materials and devices for developing full-day AWH technologies, including fog harvesting, dewing-condensation water harvesting, and adsorption-based water harvesting. Moreover, we examine hybrid water harvesting techniques that combine AWH with solar-driven desalination, highlighting promising material designs to fulfill dual functionality. Finally, we outline the remaining challenges and offer our insights to stimulate further breakthroughs in achieving a year-round full-day water supply. By advancing these technologies and overcoming existing limitations, we can make significant progress in alleviating water scarcity worldwide.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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