Zinc-bromine (Zn-Br) batteries offer high energy density (∼430 Wh kg−1), low cost, and high safety, yet they suffer from Br cathode degradation and Zn anode side reactions, causing self-discharge and poor reversibility. Herein, an amphiphilic charge moderator (ACM) is introduced to concurrently stabilize both electrodes. Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as a representative model, the ACM redistributes charge flux at Zn interface, suppressing side reactions during Zn plating/stripping. It also anchored to the solid Br cathode by electrostatic interactions, preventing cathode dissolution and diffusion issues. The constructed static Zn-Br batteries with ACM-derived CTABr3 solid Br cathode and Zn@Cu anode deliver 15,000 stable cycles at 1 mAh cm−2, and the excellent performance can be extended to 50 mAh cm−2. A 200 mAh pouch cell maintains 800 cycles and over 200 cycles at 1,000 mAh, delivering ∼62 Wh kg−1 practical energy density. The battery module also integrates efficiently with renewable energy and exhibits exceptional safety.
锌溴（Zn-Br）电池具有高能量密度（~ 430 Wh kg−1）、低成本和高安全性的特点，但存在Br阴极降解和Zn阳极副反应，导致自放电和可逆性差。本文引入了一种两亲电荷慢化剂（ACM）来同时稳定两个电极。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTABr）为代表模型，在Zn界面重新分配电荷通量，抑制Zn镀/剥离过程中的副反应。它还通过静电相互作用固定在固体溴阴极上，防止阴极溶解和扩散问题。采用acm衍生的CTABr3固体Br阴极和Zn@Cu阳极构建的静态锌-Br电池在1 mAh cm - 2下可实现15000次稳定循环，性能可扩展至50 mAh cm - 2。200毫安时的袋状电池可维持800次循环，1000毫安时可维持200多次循环，提供~ 62 Wh kg−1的实际能量密度。电池模块还与可再生能源有效集成，并具有卓越的安全性。
{"title":"Dual-chemistry regulation by an amphiphilic charge moderator unlocks 15,000 cycles in zinc-bromine batteries","authors":"Song Wu, Xinhua Zheng, Shikai Liu, Bibo Han, Shengnan Wang, Rui Zhang, Aoyi Dong, Faxing Wang, Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102570","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc-bromine (Zn-Br) batteries offer high energy density (∼430 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>), low cost, and high safety, yet they suffer from Br cathode degradation and Zn anode side reactions, causing self-discharge and poor reversibility. Herein, an amphiphilic charge moderator (ACM) is introduced to concurrently stabilize both electrodes. Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as a representative model, the ACM redistributes charge flux at Zn interface, suppressing side reactions during Zn plating/stripping. It also anchored to the solid Br cathode by electrostatic interactions, preventing cathode dissolution and diffusion issues. The constructed static Zn-Br batteries with ACM-derived CTABr<sub>3</sub> solid Br cathode and Zn@Cu anode deliver 15,000 stable cycles at 1 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, and the excellent performance can be extended to 50 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>. A 200 mAh pouch cell maintains 800 cycles and over 200 cycles at 1,000 mAh, delivering ∼62 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> practical energy density. The battery module also integrates efficiently with renewable energy and exhibits exceptional safety.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"11 1","pages":"102570"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571
Jiabao Feng, Pan Gao, Wang Zhang, Ronald G. Larson, Yin Zhang, Guangxian Li, Miqiu Kong, Wei Pu
Despite significant advances in gecko-inspired adhesives, there is still a big challenge to achieve superior surface adaptability and strong adhesion—particularly on rough surfaces. In this work, we design a “molecular hairs” branched adhesive, yielding strong adhesion on rough surfaces (280.6 kPa), easy detachment (1.3 kPa), and ultra-low preload (∼0.3 kPa), using temperature to regulate melting and crystallization of the molecular hairs. These impressive capabilities stem from enhanced wettability, nanoscale molecular interactions with the target surfaces, and highly tunable stiffness (1.97 kPa–149.3 MPa), which allow consistent conformability to rough surfaces. Embedding this adhesive into the footpads of a surface-adaptive robot enables it to climb vertically on smooth and rough surfaces. Our research represents a breakthrough in adhesive design, offering climbing robots unprecedented stability and minimal preload on rough surfaces.
{"title":"Ultra-strong reversible adhesion for climbing robots on rough surfaces by molecular-hair polymer","authors":"Jiabao Feng, Pan Gao, Wang Zhang, Ronald G. Larson, Yin Zhang, Guangxian Li, Miqiu Kong, Wei Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102571","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant advances in gecko-inspired adhesives, there is still a big challenge to achieve superior surface adaptability and strong adhesion—particularly on rough surfaces. In this work, we design a “molecular hairs” branched adhesive, yielding strong adhesion on rough surfaces (280.6 kPa), easy detachment (1.3 kPa), and ultra-low preload (∼0.3 kPa), using temperature to regulate melting and crystallization of the molecular hairs. These impressive capabilities stem from enhanced wettability, nanoscale molecular interactions with the target surfaces, and highly tunable stiffness (1.97 kPa–149.3 MPa), which allow consistent conformability to rough surfaces. Embedding this adhesive into the footpads of a surface-adaptive robot enables it to climb vertically on smooth and rough surfaces. Our research represents a breakthrough in adhesive design, offering climbing robots unprecedented stability and minimal preload on rough surfaces.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"87 1","pages":"102571"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102620
Shima Jafarzadeh, Moon Paul, Nazila Oladzad-abbasabadi, Peng Wu, Colin J. Barrow, Minoo Naebe, Wendy Timms
In this study, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from avocado peel waste via a hydrothermal process and incorporated into a starch blend of stale bread and sago to develop sustainable, active bioplastic films. This circular strategy upcycles food waste into value-added packaging materials with enhanced performance. CDs exhibited nanoscale size, surface functionality, and fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed uniform CD dispersion, improving film compactness and mechanical integrity. At 3 wt % CDs, Young’s modulus increased by ∼29%, while air permeability and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) decreased by ∼62% and ∼86%, respectively. The films also showed strong antioxidant activity (60.24% 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] scavenging at 5 wt % CDs) and antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, CD-reinforced starch films offer a scalable, eco-friendly approach for multifunctional biopolymers aligned with circular economy and sustainable packaging principles.
{"title":"Bioactive bioplastic films incorporating waste-derived carbon dots and starch for sustainable packaging","authors":"Shima Jafarzadeh, Moon Paul, Nazila Oladzad-abbasabadi, Peng Wu, Colin J. Barrow, Minoo Naebe, Wendy Timms","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102620","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from avocado peel waste via a hydrothermal process and incorporated into a starch blend of stale bread and sago to develop sustainable, active bioplastic films. This circular strategy upcycles food waste into value-added packaging materials with enhanced performance. CDs exhibited nanoscale size, surface functionality, and fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed uniform CD dispersion, improving film compactness and mechanical integrity. At 3 wt % CDs, Young’s modulus increased by ∼29%, while air permeability and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) decreased by ∼62% and ∼86%, respectively. The films also showed strong antioxidant activity (60.24% 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] scavenging at 5 wt % CDs) and antibacterial effects against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Overall, CD-reinforced starch films offer a scalable, eco-friendly approach for multifunctional biopolymers aligned with circular economy and sustainable packaging principles.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102486
Yaqi Liu , Jing Xu , Xiao Wan , Ziyuan Che , Xun Zhao , Yihao Zhou , Guorui Chen , Yifei Du , Runlin Wang , Jun Chen
The infant cervical spine is immature and flexible, with a relatively large head and weak neck muscles, making it the most common site for fractures. We present a kirigami-inspired soft magnetoelastic patch for continuous quantification and dynamic mapping of biomechanical pressure on the infant cervical spine, enabling early diagnosis and prevention of injury. The patch is biocompatible and waterproof, with a skin-matched Young’s modulus of 108.2 kPa and a signal-to-noise ratio of 34.05 dB. Its kirigami structure enhances permeability, stretchability, and scalability. Combined with machine-learning algorithms, the patch quantitatively measures and decodes cervical spine pressure with up to 99.2% accuracy, providing precise, reliable data for early detection and management of disorders. This innovative system offers a safer, more comfortable, real-time, and non-invasive strategy for infant cervical spine care.
{"title":"Dynamic pressure mapping of infant cervical spines using a wearable magnetoelastic patch","authors":"Yaqi Liu , Jing Xu , Xiao Wan , Ziyuan Che , Xun Zhao , Yihao Zhou , Guorui Chen , Yifei Du , Runlin Wang , Jun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infant cervical spine is immature and flexible, with a relatively large head and weak neck muscles, making it the most common site for fractures. We present a kirigami-inspired soft magnetoelastic patch for continuous quantification and dynamic mapping of biomechanical pressure on the infant cervical spine, enabling early diagnosis and prevention of injury. The patch is biocompatible and waterproof, with a skin-matched Young’s modulus of 108.2 kPa and a signal-to-noise ratio of 34.05 dB. Its kirigami structure enhances permeability, stretchability, and scalability. Combined with machine-learning algorithms, the patch quantitatively measures and decodes cervical spine pressure with up to 99.2% accuracy, providing precise, reliable data for early detection and management of disorders. This innovative system offers a safer, more comfortable, real-time, and non-invasive strategy for infant cervical spine care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102486"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102477
Jacob P. Mauthe , Ankush Kumar Mishra , Abhradeep Sarkar , Boyu Guo , Gaurab J. Thapa , Joseph Schroedl , Nicholas Luke , Justin S. Neu , Sung-Joo Kwon , Mihirsinh Chauhan , Tongui Wang , Tajah Trapier , Harald Ade , David Ginger , Wei You , Raja Ghosh , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian , Aram Amassian
Highly conducting polymers are essential for next-generation wearable electronics. However, achieving high conductivity remains an art form owing to complex intermolecular dopant-polymer interactions. In this study, we use AI-guided high-throughput experimentation combined with quantum chemical calculations to explore samples of diverse polymer order and polaron delocalization to reveal hidden correlations between charge transport, polymer order, carrier delocalization, and dopant location in F4TCNQ-doped pBTTT. We find that undoped aggregation benefits polaron delocalization and conductivity after doping, and lamellar stacking order correlates with two orders of magnitude variation in carrier mobility and highly influences polaron delocalization. Using quantum chemical theory, we deduce that increased mobility originates from highly delocalized polarons formed by “peripheral” counterions located at distances (1.3–1.8 nm) much greater than those of the lamellar intercalated counterions (0.4–0.8 nm). We find that achieving high conductivity (σ > 100 S/cm) in F4TCNQ-doped pBTTT requires processing conditions promoting ordered domains decorated by peripheral counter ions.
{"title":"AI-guided high-throughput investigation of conjugated polymer doping reveals importance of local polymer order and dopant-polymer separation","authors":"Jacob P. Mauthe , Ankush Kumar Mishra , Abhradeep Sarkar , Boyu Guo , Gaurab J. Thapa , Joseph Schroedl , Nicholas Luke , Justin S. Neu , Sung-Joo Kwon , Mihirsinh Chauhan , Tongui Wang , Tajah Trapier , Harald Ade , David Ginger , Wei You , Raja Ghosh , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian , Aram Amassian","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly conducting polymers are essential for next-generation wearable electronics. However, achieving high conductivity remains an art form owing to complex intermolecular dopant-polymer interactions. In this study, we use AI-guided high-throughput experimentation combined with quantum chemical calculations to explore samples of diverse polymer order and polaron delocalization to reveal hidden correlations between charge transport, polymer order, carrier delocalization, and dopant location in F4TCNQ-doped pBTTT. We find that undoped aggregation benefits polaron delocalization and conductivity after doping, and lamellar stacking order correlates with two orders of magnitude variation in carrier mobility and highly influences polaron delocalization. Using quantum chemical theory, we deduce that increased mobility originates from highly delocalized polarons formed by “peripheral” counterions located at distances (<span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></math></span>1.3–1.8 nm) much greater than those of the lamellar intercalated counterions (<span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></math></span>0.4–0.8 nm). We find that achieving high conductivity (σ > 100 S/cm) in F4TCNQ-doped pBTTT requires processing conditions promoting ordered domains decorated by peripheral counter ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102477"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102429
Jing Jiang , Chongyuan Huang , Changhong Linghu , Chenhong Chen , Chenglong Li , Chuanqian Shi , Jizhou Song
Liquid-driven transfer printing, an efficient heterogeneous integration technique utilizing liquid as the medium to transfer inks from donor substrates to diverse receiver substrates, has attracted much attention due to its unique advantages of low-contact-force operation and excellent shape adaptability to non-planar surfaces. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances in liquid-driven transfer printing, which is categorized as solution self-assembly transfer printing, solution-assisted transfer printing, droplet stamp transfer printing, or phase-change stamp transfer printing based on the transfer mechanism. A systematic overview of these methods’ working principles and transfer performance (e.g., batch area, batch number, and transfer yield), along with a quantitative analysis of the key features (e.g., geometry, size, materials, and Young’s modulus) of the inks, is provided to evaluate their advantages and application potential. Comparative analysis of the unique strengths and limitations of each method reveals key directions for future development. These liquid-driven transfer printing techniques provide versatile solutions for heterogeneous integration, laying a foundation for innovation across various fields, particularly in the development of emerging electronic systems, such as flexible and stretchable inorganic electronics, curved electronics, and micro-LED displays.
{"title":"Liquid-driven transfer printing techniques for heterogeneous integration","authors":"Jing Jiang , Chongyuan Huang , Changhong Linghu , Chenhong Chen , Chenglong Li , Chuanqian Shi , Jizhou Song","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid-driven transfer printing, an efficient heterogeneous integration technique utilizing liquid as the medium to transfer inks from donor substrates to diverse receiver substrates, has attracted much attention due to its unique advantages of low-contact-force operation and excellent shape adaptability to non-planar surfaces. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances in liquid-driven transfer printing, which is categorized as solution self-assembly transfer printing, solution-assisted transfer printing, droplet stamp transfer printing, or phase-change stamp transfer printing based on the transfer mechanism. A systematic overview of these methods’ working principles and transfer performance (e.g., batch area, batch number, and transfer yield), along with a quantitative analysis of the key features (e.g., geometry, size, materials, and Young’s modulus) of the inks, is provided to evaluate their advantages and application potential. Comparative analysis of the unique strengths and limitations of each method reveals key directions for future development. These liquid-driven transfer printing techniques provide versatile solutions for heterogeneous integration, laying a foundation for innovation across various fields, particularly in the development of emerging electronic systems, such as flexible and stretchable inorganic electronics, curved electronics, and micro-LED displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102429"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102567
Yuxin Zhao
Fusion replicates the power of the stars, and containing it requires materials that push beyond earthly limits. The success of this carbon-free energy source hinges on solving an unprecedented engineering puzzle: safeguarding the reactor’s first wall.
{"title":"The burning front: Rethinking first wall materials for commercial fusion","authors":"Yuxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusion replicates the power of the stars, and containing it requires materials that push beyond earthly limits. The success of this carbon-free energy source hinges on solving an unprecedented engineering puzzle: safeguarding the reactor’s first wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102567"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102428
Limei Liu , Xuyang Feng , Jiaxuan Du , Haoyang Wang , Enbo Xue , Shisheng Chen , Tomoyuki Yokota , Takao Someya , Binghao Wang
Developing breathable and reusable ultrathin bioelectrodes is crucial for continuous electrophysiological monitoring. Thin, dry electrodes suit long-term use but lose hydrogel advantages like near-zero half-cell potential (HCP) and adhesion, critical for detecting weak physiological signals. Polymer nanomesh-reinforced breathable hydrogel electrodes offer interfacial improvement and last ∼10 days, yet performance degrades after extended time. This study introduces a "spinning-crosslinking-soaking" (SCS) technique to produce ultrathin (∼6 μm), self-standing conductive hydrogel nanomesh (CHN) electrodes with sweat-activated ionic conductivity and adhesion, enabling dynamic, long-term reuse. The versatility of the SCS technique was demonstrated by fabricating three types of biocompatible CHN electrodes, all exhibiting low skin impedance, negligible HCP, gas/moisture permeability, and skin-like mechanics. Paired with a miniature flexible circuit, the system exhibits high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring and can be sweat reactivated for over 100 days without skin irritation. This innovation offers a significant advancement in long-term breathable bioelectrodes, facilitating health monitoring and seamless human-centric interactions.
{"title":"Sweat-activated conductive hydrogel nanomesh for breathable, long-term electrophysiological monitoring and human-centric interfaces","authors":"Limei Liu , Xuyang Feng , Jiaxuan Du , Haoyang Wang , Enbo Xue , Shisheng Chen , Tomoyuki Yokota , Takao Someya , Binghao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing breathable and reusable ultrathin bioelectrodes is crucial for continuous electrophysiological monitoring. Thin, dry electrodes suit long-term use but lose hydrogel advantages like near-zero half-cell potential (HCP) and adhesion, critical for detecting weak physiological signals. Polymer nanomesh-reinforced breathable hydrogel electrodes offer interfacial improvement and last ∼10 days, yet performance degrades after extended time. This study introduces a \"spinning-crosslinking-soaking\" (SCS) technique to produce ultrathin (∼6 μm), self-standing conductive hydrogel nanomesh (CHN) electrodes with sweat-activated ionic conductivity and adhesion, enabling dynamic, long-term reuse. The versatility of the SCS technique was demonstrated by fabricating three types of biocompatible CHN electrodes, all exhibiting low skin impedance, negligible HCP, gas/moisture permeability, and skin-like mechanics. Paired with a miniature flexible circuit, the system exhibits high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring and can be sweat reactivated for over 100 days without skin irritation. This innovation offers a significant advancement in long-term breathable bioelectrodes, facilitating health monitoring and seamless human-centric interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102428"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102434
Yanmin Zhu , Loza F. Tadesse
Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven materials discovery offers rapid design of novel material compositions, yet synthesis and characterization lag behind. Characterization, in particular, remains bottlenecked by labor-intensive experiments using expert-operated instruments that typically rely on electromagnetic spectroscopy. We introduce SpectroGen, a generative AI model for transmodality spectral generation, designed to accelerate materials characterization. SpectroGen generates high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise ratio spectra with 99% correlation to ground truth and a root-mean-square error of 0.01 a.u. Its performance is driven by two key innovations: (1) a novel distribution-based physical prior and (2) a variational autoencoder (VAE) architecture. The prior simplifies complex structural inputs into interpretable Gaussian or Lorentzian distributions, while the VAE maps them into a physically grounded latent space for accurate spectral transformation. SpectroGen generalizes across spectral domains and promises rapid, accurate spectral predictions, potentially transforming high-throughput discovery in domains such as battery materials, catalysts, superconductors, and pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"SpectroGen: A physically informed generative artificial intelligence for accelerated cross-modality spectroscopic materials characterization","authors":"Yanmin Zhu , Loza F. Tadesse","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven materials discovery offers rapid design of novel material compositions, yet synthesis and characterization lag behind. Characterization, in particular, remains bottlenecked by labor-intensive experiments using expert-operated instruments that typically rely on electromagnetic spectroscopy. We introduce SpectroGen, a generative AI model for transmodality spectral generation, designed to accelerate materials characterization. SpectroGen generates high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise ratio spectra with 99% correlation to ground truth and a root-mean-square error of 0.01 a.u. Its performance is driven by two key innovations: (1) a novel distribution-based physical prior and (2) a variational autoencoder (VAE) architecture. The prior simplifies complex structural inputs into interpretable Gaussian or Lorentzian distributions, while the VAE maps them into a physically grounded latent space for accurate spectral transformation. SpectroGen generalizes across spectral domains and promises rapid, accurate spectral predictions, potentially transforming high-throughput discovery in domains such as battery materials, catalysts, superconductors, and pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"9 1","pages":"Article 102434"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145289361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102482
Zhipeng Miao , Yahui Han , Qi Pan , Yipei Wang , Haibin Wang , Yunhang Xie , Jie Yu , Yapeng Shi , Rui Zhang , Yanlin Song , Pengwei Li
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites hold great promise for optoelectronics, yet their rational design remains hindered by ambiguous structure-property relationships and laborious trial-and-error synthesis. Here, we present an integrated Lasso regression and Adaptive Boosting algorithms (Lasso + AdaBoost) machine learning (ML) framework to quantify correlations between 15 ligand descriptors and 2D perovskite formation. Our model achieves 92.6% accuracy and identifies nitrogen content as the dominant driver of distortions, validated by statistical analysis. We decode hidden design principles: increasing nitrogen atoms reduce octahedral X–M–X angles while enhancing lattice distortions, which can be counterbalanced by hydrogen bonding and π-conjugation. Experimentally, six novel 2D perovskites were synthesized via ML-guided ligand screening, with single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirming predicted structural parameters (Pearson’s r > 0.91). Theoretical calculations and optical characterization reveal tunable band gaps (1.91–2.39 eV), demonstrating precise property control. This work pioneers a data-driven paradigm for accelerating functional perovskite discovery, bridging computational prediction with experimental validation.
二维（2D）钙钛矿在光电子学方面具有很大的前景，但它们的合理设计仍然受到模棱两可的结构-性质关系和费力的试错合成的阻碍。在这里，我们提出了一个集成的Lasso回归和自适应增强算法（Lasso + AdaBoost）机器学习（ML）框架，以量化15个配体描述符与二维钙钛矿形成之间的相关性。我们的模型达到了92.6%的准确率，并通过统计分析验证了氮含量是扭曲的主要驱动因素。我们破译了隐藏的设计原理：增加氮原子减少八面体X-M-X角，同时增强晶格畸变，可以通过氢键和π共轭来抵消。实验上，通过ml引导的配体筛选合成了6种新型二维钙钛矿，单晶x射线衍射证实了预测的结构参数（Pearson’s r > 0.91）。理论计算和光学特性揭示了可调谐的带隙（1.91-2.39 eV），展示了精确的性能控制。这项工作开创了加速功能钙钛矿发现的数据驱动范式，将计算预测与实验验证联系起来。
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