Matter最新文献

英文中文

Thermally induced structural evolution and nanoscale interfacial dynamics in Bi-Sb-Te layered nanostructures 铋锑碲层状纳米结构中的热诱导结构演化和纳米级界面动力学

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.006

Parivash Moradifar , Tao Wang , Nadire Nayir , Tiva Sharifi , Ke Wang , Pulickel Ajayan , Adri C.T. van Duin , Nasim Alem

Layered chalcogenides, including Bi-Sb-Te ternary alloys and heterostructures, are renowned as thermoelectric and topological insulators and have recently been highlighted as plasmonic building blocks beyond noble metals. We conduct joint in situ transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations to investigate the temperature-dependent nanoscale dynamics and interfacial properties, identifying the role of native defects and edge configurations in the anisotropic sublimation of Bi₂Te₃-Sb₂Te₃ heterostructures and Sb_2-xBi_xTe₃ alloys. We report structural dynamics, including edge evolution, layer-by-layer sublimation, and the formation and coalescence of thermally induced polygonal nanopores. These nanopores are initiated by preferential dissociation of tellurium, reducing thermal stability in heterostructures. Triangular and quasi-hexagonal configurations dominate nanopore structures in heterostructures. Our calculations reveal antisite defects (Te_Sb and Te_Bi) as key players in defect-assisted sublimation. These findings enhance our understanding of nanoscale dynamics and assist in designing tunable low-dimensional chalcogenides.

层状卤化物（包括铋锑碲三元合金和异质结构）是著名的热电和拓扑绝缘体，最近还被强调为贵金属之外的质子构件。我们联合进行了原位透射电子显微镜和密度泛函理论计算，以研究随温度变化的纳米尺度动力学和界面特性，确定了原生缺陷和边缘构型在 Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 异质结构和 Sb2-xBixTe3 合金的各向异性升华中的作用。我们报告了结构动态，包括边缘演变、逐层升华以及热诱导多边形纳米孔的形成和凝聚。这些纳米孔由碲的优先解离引发，降低了异质结构的热稳定性。异质结构中的纳米孔结构以三角形和准六边形构型为主。我们的计算揭示了反卫星缺陷（TeSb 和 TeBi）在缺陷辅助升华中的关键作用。这些发现加深了我们对纳米尺度动力学的理解，有助于设计可调谐的低维铬化镓。

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引用次数: 0

Growth and stabilization of cubic FAPbI3: On the interaction between phosphonic acids and co-evaporated perovskites 立方体 FAPbI3 的生长和稳定：膦酸与共蒸发过氧化物之间的相互作用

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.007

Suzana Kralj , Monica Morales-Masis

The cubic (α-) phase stabilization of FAPbI₃ is of high interest owing to its ideal 1.48 eV band gap. However, controlled incorporation of formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the film and formation of the non-photoactive phase (δ-FAPbI₃) are challenges of co-evaporated films. This preview highlights two recent works, where interfacial phosphonic acid functional groups enable controlled FAI incorporation and α-FAPbI₃ stabilization of co-evaporated perovskite films.

由于 FAPbI3 理想的带隙为 1.48 eV，因此其立方（α-）相的稳定性备受关注。然而，薄膜中碘化甲脒 (FAI) 的可控掺入以及非光电活性相（δ-FAPbI3）的形成是共蒸发薄膜所面临的挑战。本预览重点介绍了最近的两项研究成果，在这两项研究中，界面膦酸官能团实现了共蒸发过氧化物薄膜中可控的碘化酰胺（FAI）掺入和α-FAPbI3 稳定化。

引用次数: 0

Multifunctional conductive organohydrogel with environmental tolerance for flexible wearable devices 用于柔性可穿戴设备的具有环境耐受性的多功能导电有机水凝胶

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.009

Qi Zheng , Wen-Qiang Cao , Mao-Sheng Cao

Flexible wearable devices require hydrogels to have environmental tolerance ability. In this Preview, we highlight an excellent example of designing double-network organohydrogels with electromagnetic interference shielding, mechanical properties and environmental tolerance by introducing specific ions and glycerol.

柔性可穿戴设备要求水凝胶具有环境耐受性。在本预览中，我们将重点介绍通过引入特定离子和甘油，设计出具有电磁干扰屏蔽、机械性能和环境耐受性的双网络有机水凝胶的出色实例。

引用次数: 0

Designing complex concentrated alloys with quantum machine learning and language modeling 利用量子机器学习和语言建模设计复杂的浓缩合金

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.05.035

Designing novel complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) is an essential topic in materials science. However, due to the complicated high-dimensional component-property relationship, tuning material properties by researchers’ experience is challenging, even when guided by physical or empirical rules. Here, we adopt quantum computing (QC) technology and machine learning models to provide a proof-of-concept application of QC in physical metallurgy. We propose a quantum support vector machine (QSVM) model to predict single-phase CCAs. We show that fine-tuned quantum kernels with entanglement deliver promising performance, with a maximum accuracy of 89.4%. The QSVM model is then used to identify 1,741 lightweight CCAs jointly with a new text-mining-based method. Meanwhile, we devise a controllable approach to study the effect of noise on model performance and find that the noise level needs to be minimized for high-performance QSVM models. This study provides a practical and general approach to designing CCAs based on quantum technologies.

设计新型复杂浓缩合金（CCA）是材料科学的一个重要课题。然而，由于复杂的高维成分-属性关系，即使在物理或经验规则的指导下，根据研究人员的经验调整材料属性也是一项挑战。在此，我们采用量子计算（QC）技术和机器学习模型，在物理冶金学中提供量子计算的概念验证应用。我们提出了一种量子支持向量机（QSVM）模型来预测单相 CCA。我们的研究表明，带有纠缠的微调量子内核具有良好的性能，最高准确率可达 89.4%。然后，QSVM 模型与一种基于文本挖掘的新方法联合用于识别 1741 个轻量级 CCA。同时，我们设计了一种可控方法来研究噪声对模型性能的影响，并发现要想获得高性能的 QSVM 模型，需要将噪声水平降到最低。这项研究为设计基于量子技术的 CCA 提供了一种实用的通用方法。

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the photoluminescence mechanisms of carbon dots through tunable near-infrared dual-wavelength lasing 通过可调近红外双波长激光揭示碳点的光致发光机制

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.011

Multi-wavelength lasers are urgently required for integrated multi-channel optoelectronic applications. Carbon dots (CDs) show promise as laser devices due to their multiple photoluminescence centers, modifiable structure, and exceptional gain performance. In this study, we achieved reversible switchable dual-wavelength laser emission in the near-infrared (NIR) regions using o-phenylenediamine (OPD)-derived CDs with fine-tuning capabilities through concentration or pH regulation. Additionally, by comparing the laser properties of its fluorophore 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b] phenazine (DHQP), we established a model for the CDs. DHQP confined on the surface of CDs provides aggregation sites, conjugated carbon nuclei promote multiple scattering and enhance light amplification, and whole CDs exhibit a cross-linked confined enhanced emission effect with higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PLQY), more stable laser emission, and lower laser threshold. This study not only offers valuable insights into the PL mechanisms of CDs but also demonstrates a promising direction for rational design of tunable multi-wavelength laser gain materials.

集成多通道光电应用迫切需要多波长激光器。碳点（CD）具有多个光致发光中心、可修改的结构和优异的增益性能，因此有望成为激光器件。在这项研究中，我们利用邻苯二胺（OPD）衍生的碳点实现了近红外（NIR）区域可逆切换的双波长激光发射，并通过浓度或 pH 值调节实现了微调功能。此外，通过比较其荧光体 5,14-二氢喹喔啉并[2,3-b]吩嗪（DHQP）的激光特性，我们建立了一个光盘模型。局限在 CD 表面的 DHQP 提供了聚集位点，共轭碳核促进了多重散射并增强了光放大，整个 CD 表现出交联局限增强发射效应，具有更高的光致发光量子产率（PLQY）、更稳定的激光发射和更低的激光阈值。这项研究不仅为深入了解 CD 的光致发光机理提供了宝贵的见解，而且为合理设计可调谐多波长激光增益材料指明了方向。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic polymorphic active colloidal assembly and optically guided reconfigurable photonics 动态多态活性胶体组装和光导可重构光子学

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.022

Jingyuan Chen , Xiaofeng Li , Qiujiang Liang , Binglin Zeng , Jing Zheng , Changjin Wu , Yingnan Cao , Jun Yang , Jinyao Tang

The macroscopic properties of a material are predominantly governed by the precise arrangement of the atoms composing its crystal lattice. Recent research shows that photons can excite vibrational modes in solids that induce dynamic transitions to new phases with exotic properties. Here, we demonstrate that colloids, as a micrometer-scale “atom” counterpart, can also be assembled with light, leading to dynamic material structure and properties. This work uses photoactive colloidal particles with long-range tunable interaction, which provides a versatile route to guide assembly on demand. To induce interaction directionality for assembly, the photonic nanojet effect on a photoactive colloidal particle is exploited to create a highly localized hydrodynamic flow resembling directional molecular binding. Adjusting the illuminating condition allows the tunable directional potential to be generated on spherical colloids, forming the polymorphic assembly to all 2D Bravais lattices on demand. Finally, we reveal that the rapid colloid phase transition, as controlled with light, can be used for reconfigurable photonic devices to control the diffraction of the near-infrared laser.

材料的宏观特性主要受组成其晶格的原子的精确排列所支配。最近的研究表明，光子可以激发固体的振动模式，从而诱发具有奇特性质的新相的动态转变。在这里，我们证明胶体作为微米尺度的 "原子 "对应物，也可以用光来组装，从而产生动态的材料结构和特性。这项工作使用了具有长程可调相互作用的光活性胶体粒子，这为按需引导组装提供了多用途途径。为了诱导相互作用的方向性以进行组装，利用了光活性胶体粒子上的光子纳米射流效应，以产生类似于定向分子结合的高度局部流体动力流。通过调整照明条件，可在球形胶体上产生可调定向电势，从而按需在所有二维布拉维晶格上形成多态组装。最后，我们揭示了用光控制的快速胶体相变可用于可重新配置的光子设备，以控制近红外激光的衍射。

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引用次数: 0

Discovery of a novel low-cost medium-entropy stainless steel with exceptional mechanical behavior over a wide temperature range 发现一种新型低成本中熵不锈钢，在宽温度范围内具有优异的机械性能

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.06.041

Kangkang Wen , Xuecheng Cai , Shengwei Xin , Baoru Sun , Rui Feng , Congcong Du , Huihui Zhu , Ke An , Shuaijun Ding , Fanxi Meng , Zhen Yuan , Yuan Wu , Zhenhua Bai , Peter K. Liaw , Tongde Shen

Stainless steels exhibit strength-ductility trade-off and insufficient elevated-temperature strength. Here, we report a novel low-cost, cobalt-free, Fe₄₇Cr₁₆Ni₂₆Ti₆Al₅ medium-entropy stainless steel (MESS) strengthened by high-density coherent L1₂ nanoprecipitates (NPs) with a high ultimate tensile strength of 1.35 GPa and a total elongation of 36% at room temperature (RT). The ductile L1₂ NPs working together with the dynamic refinement of the deformation substructures cause an excellent work-hardening ability. Furthermore, the MESS maintains a high yield strength of ∼0.8 GPa at 700°C, which is not only better than many iron-based superalloys and stainless steels but also comparable to some nickel-based superalloys. The steady-state creep rates at 750°C are at least two orders of magnitude lower than those of some nickel-based superalloys and heat-resistant steels. The excellent creep resistance is achieved via the strong interactions between sliding dislocations and stable L1₂ NPs, which effectively impede the movement of dislocations.

不锈钢会出现强度-电导率折衷和高温强度不足的问题。在此，我们报告了一种新型低成本、无钴、Fe47Cr16Ni26Ti6Al5 中熵不锈钢（MESS），这种钢由高密度相干 L12 纳米沉淀物（NPs）强化，在室温（RT）下具有 1.35 GPa 的高极限抗拉强度和 36% 的总伸长率。韧性 L12 NPs 与变形亚结构的动态细化共同作用，产生了出色的加工硬化能力。此外，MESS 在 700°C 时的屈服强度高达 0.8 GPa，不仅优于许多铁基超耐热合金和不锈钢，而且与某些镍基超耐热合金相当。750°C 时的稳态蠕变速率比某些镍基超合金和耐热钢至少低两个数量级。优异的抗蠕变性是通过滑动位错与稳定的 L12 NPs 之间的强烈相互作用实现的，这种作用有效地阻碍了位错的移动。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-edited trees for high-performance engineered wood 经过基因组编辑的高性能人造木材

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.07.003

Yu Liu , Gen Li , Yimin Mao , Yue Gao , Minhua Zhao , Alexandra Brozena , Derrick Wang , Samuel von Keitz , Taotao Meng , Hoon Kim , Xuejun Pan , Yiping Qi , Liangbing Hu

Replacing conventional structural materials with high-performance engineered wood can reduce CO₂ emissions and enhance carbon sequestration. Traditional methods involve energy-intensive chemical treatments to reduce lignin content, resulting in denser, mechanically superior wood but raising sustainability concerns. This work introduces a genome-editing approach to reduce lignin in trees, enabling chemical-free processing of advanced engineered wood. Using the cytosine base editor nCas9-A3A/Y130F, the 4CL1 gene in poplar wood was targeted, achieving a 12.8% lignin reduction. This facilitated waste-free densified wood production through water immersion and hot pressing, yielding a tensile strength of 313.6 ± 6.4 MPa, comparable to aluminum alloy 6061. The strength of densified 4CL1 knockout wood closely matched that of traditionally treated wood (320.2 ± 3.5 MPa), demonstrating the effectiveness of genetic modification in creating sustainable, high-performance engineered wood and contributing to reduced CO₂ emissions and environmental conservation.

用高性能工程木材替代传统结构材料可以减少二氧化碳排放，提高碳固存效果。传统方法涉及高能耗的化学处理，以降低木质素含量，从而获得密度更大、机械性能更优的木材，但却引发了可持续发展的担忧。这项研究引入了一种基因组编辑方法来减少树木中的木质素，从而实现先进工程木材的无化学处理。利用胞嘧啶碱基编辑器 nCas9-A3A/Y130F，以杨木中的 4CL1 基因为目标，实现了 12.8% 的木质素减少。这有助于通过水浸和热压生产出无废料的致密木材，其抗拉强度为 313.6 ± 6.4 兆帕，与铝合金 6061 相当。致密化 4CL1 基因敲除木材的强度与传统处理木材的强度（320.2 ± 3.5 兆帕）非常接近，这证明了基因改造在制造可持续、高性能工程木材方面的有效性，并有助于减少二氧化碳排放和保护环境。

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引用次数: 0

Solutes don’t crystallize! Insights from phase diagrams demystify the “magic” of crystallization 溶质不会结晶！相图揭开结晶 "魔法 "的神秘面纱

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.08.011

James D. Martin

Crystals are ubiquitous in nature and technology. Despite the importance of understanding mechanisms of crystallization, conventional theories have proved inadequate. Consideration of phase diagrams reveals that these theories’ failings result from thermodynamically invalid assumptions, including that solutes are the crystallizing phase and that K_sp describes solubility. Thermodynamics requires that the nutrient (solvent) be the crystallizing phase. This perspective provides tools to rigorously characterize a phase diagram to explicitly determine the components of the crystallizing system and the influence of the diluent on the liquidus of the nutrient. It is shown that diluents can change the liquidus of the nutrient but do not participate in the rate-determining step of crystal growth. The rate-determining step is found to be the propagation of the crystalline phase boundary through a melt-like intermediate. This transition-zone theory model accurately describes crystal growth rates for all concentration-temperature conditions and resolves “riddles” of crystal morphology and growth rates.

晶体在自然界和技术领域无处不在。尽管了解结晶机制非常重要，但传统理论已被证明是不够的。对相图的研究表明，这些理论的缺陷源于热力学上无效的假设，包括溶质是结晶相以及 Ksp 描述了溶解度。热力学要求营养物（溶剂）是结晶相。这一观点提供了严格描述相图特征的工具，以明确确定结晶系统的组分以及稀释剂对营养液液相的影响。研究表明，稀释剂可以改变营养物质的液相，但并不参与晶体生长的速率决定步骤。研究发现，决定晶体生长速率的步骤是晶体相界通过类似熔体的中间体的传播。这一过渡区理论模型准确地描述了所有浓度-温度条件下的晶体生长速率，并解决了晶体形态和生长速率的 "谜题"。

引用次数: 0

Spiro-materials with aggregation-induced emission 具有聚集诱导辐射的螺材料

IF 17.3 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.07.017

Sheng-Yi Yang , Jin Wang , Zihao Deng , Yanzi Xu , Xuxian Su , Liang Zhang , Shiping Yang , Ryan T.K. Kwok , Jacky W.Y. Lam , Ben Zhong Tang

Spiro-materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties have shown significant advancements compared to traditional spiro-materials, exhibiting novel optoelectronic properties, superior optoelectronic performance, and broader applications. This review categorizes AIE spiro-materials into three classes based on their structures: namely, spiropyran, rhodamine, and spirofluorene derivatives. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the design strategies for constructing AIE spiro-materials and investigate the relationships between structures and properties. Second, the underlying mechanisms behind the AIE properties of spiro-materials are discussed and summarized. Last, the applications of AIE spiro-materials are discussed based on their molecular structure and optoelectronic properties, highlighting their immense potential in optoelectronic devices, biological applications, and sensing. This review aims to attract more researchers to engage in this field of study and promote further developments in spiro-chemistry and materials.

与传统螺材料相比，具有聚集诱导发射（AIE）特性的螺材料取得了重大进展，表现出新颖的光电特性、优异的光电性能和更广泛的应用。本综述根据 AIE 螺线材料的结构将其分为三类：即螺吡喃、罗丹明和螺芴衍生物。首先，我们详细分析了构建 AIE 螺线材料的设计策略，并研究了结构与性能之间的关系。其次，讨论并总结了螺环材料 AIE 特性背后的基本机制。最后，根据 AIE 螺线材料的分子结构和光电性质，讨论了其应用，强调了其在光电器件、生物应用和传感方面的巨大潜力。本综述旨在吸引更多研究人员投身这一领域的研究，促进螺化学和材料的进一步发展。

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