Matter最新文献

英文中文

Imperfect Turing patterns: Diffusiophoretic assembly of hard spheres via reaction-diffusion instabilities 不完美图灵模式：通过反应-扩散不稳定性的硬球体的扩散电泳组装

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102513

Siamak Mirfendereski , Ankur Gupta

Turing patterns are stationary, wave-like structures that emerge from the nonequilibrium assembly of reactive and diffusive components. While they are foundational in biophysics, their classical formulation relies on a single characteristic length scale that balances reaction and diffusion, making them overly simplistic for describing biological patterns, which often exhibit multi-scale structures, grain-like textures, and inherent imperfections. Here, we integrate diffusiophoretically assisted assembly of finite-sized cells, driven by a background chemical gradient in a Turing pattern, while also incorporating intercellular interactions. This framework introduces key control parameters, such as the Péclet number, cell size distribution, and intercellular interactions, enabling us to reproduce strikingly similar structural features observed in natural patterns. We report imperfections, including spatial variations in pattern thickness, packing limits, and pattern breakups. Our model not only deepens our understanding but also opens a new line of inquiry into imperfect Turing patterns that deviate from the classical formulation in significant ways.

图灵模式是静止的，波浪状结构，从反应性和扩散性组件的非平衡组装中出现。虽然它们是生物物理学的基础，但它们的经典公式依赖于平衡反应和扩散的单一特征长度尺度，这使得它们在描述生物模式时过于简单化，而生物模式往往表现出多尺度结构、颗粒状纹理和固有的缺陷。在这里，我们整合了扩散电泳辅助有限大小细胞的组装，由图灵模式的背景化学梯度驱动，同时也结合了细胞间的相互作用。这个框架引入了关键的控制参数，如psamclet数目、细胞大小分布和细胞间的相互作用，使我们能够重现在自然模式中观察到的惊人相似的结构特征。我们报告缺陷，包括图案厚度，包装限制和图案破裂的空间变化。我们的模型不仅加深了我们的理解，而且开辟了一条探索不完美图灵模式的新途径，这些模式在很大程度上偏离了经典公式。

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引用次数: 0

Electrically conductive wood-based materials beyond biochar: Modifications, functions, and environmental impact 超越生物炭的导电木基材料：修改、功能和环境影响

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102528

Shixu Yu , Ziyang Lu , Lu Chen , Chao Xu , Jie Zhou , Erlantz Lizundia , Chaoji Chen

Natural wood, as a widely available biomass, has garnered significant attention due to its unique hierarchical structure and intrinsic advantages. With the continued growth in energy demand and the emphasis on green development, there is an urgent need for sustainable electrically conductive materials. While natural wood inherently lacks electrical conductivity, recent advances in manufacturing have created opportunities to convert it into electrically conductive wood-based materials. These materials enable a wide range of applications including, but not limited to, electrochemical energy storage, environmental remediation, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, sensing, and thermal management. In this review, we provide comprehensive insights into the modification strategies and principles for fabricating electrically conductive wood-based materials, as well as their derived properties, functions, applications, and environmental impact. To fully leverage the potential of these materials, we also highlight the current existing challenges they face and discuss the opportunities for next-generation electrically conductive wood-based materials. This review aims to serve as a guide to further promote the use of renewable wood-sourced biomass and the development of wood-based materials, supporting global efforts toward a more sustainable future.

天然木材作为一种广泛利用的生物质，因其独特的层次结构和内在优势而备受关注。随着能源需求的持续增长和对绿色发展的重视，对可持续导电材料的需求日益迫切。虽然天然木材本身缺乏导电性，但最近制造业的进步创造了将其转化为导电木基材料的机会。这些材料能够实现广泛的应用，包括但不限于电化学储能、环境修复、电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽、传感和热管理。本文综述了导电木基材料的改性策略和原理，以及导电木基材料的性能、功能、应用和对环境的影响。为了充分利用这些材料的潜力，我们还强调了它们目前面临的挑战，并讨论了下一代导电木基材料的机遇。本综述旨在为进一步促进可再生木材生物质的使用和木材基材料的发展提供指南，支持全球努力实现更可持续的未来。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivity of graphite by reducing inter-plane twist 通过减少面间扭转，石墨具有超高的通平面导热性

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102382

Lu Zhao , Zitao Chen , Song Hu , Aomiao Zhi , Junqiao Wu , Feiyu Kang , Xuezeng Tian , Xiaokun Gu , Bo Sun

Graphite is a cornerstone material in heat dissipation due to its exceptionally high in-plane thermal conductivity (∼2,000 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹). However, its low through-plane thermal conductivity remains a bottleneck for heat dissipation, typically limited to 5–9 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Here we reveal that graphite, when the structure is optimized, delivers a record high through-plane thermal conductivity of up to 13.4 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature. This enhancement is achieved by reducing the helical twist within the graphite crystal structure. We demonstrate that while they have a minimal impact on in-plane conductivity, these twists significantly hinder heat-carrying phonons traveling through-plane. This work establishes a new benchmark for graphite’s thermal properties and paves the way for unlocking its full potential in thermal management applications.

石墨由于其极高的面内导热系数（~ 2000 W m−1 K−1）而成为散热的基石材料。然而，其低通平面导热系数仍然是散热的瓶颈，通常限制在5-9 W m−1 K−1。在这里，我们发现，当结构优化时，石墨在室温下提供了创纪录的高通过面导热系数，高达13.4 W m−1 K−1。这种增强是通过减少石墨晶体结构中的螺旋扭曲来实现的。我们证明，虽然它们对平面内电导率的影响很小，但这些扭曲明显阻碍了携带热量的声子穿过平面。这项工作为石墨的热性能建立了新的基准，并为释放其在热管理应用中的全部潜力铺平了道路。

引用次数: 0

Rate dependence in granular matter with application to tunable metamaterials 颗粒物质的速率依赖性及其在可调超材料中的应用

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102562

Mingchao Liu, Weining Mao, Yiqiu Zhao, Qin Xu, Yixiang Gan, Yifan Wang, K. Jimmy Hsia

Jammed granular matter exhibits diverse rate-dependent behaviors that govern its mechanical response. We examine jammed assemblies under confining pressure and identify rate-strengthening, rate-independent, and rate-softening behaviors. Remarkably, we discover a pronounced rate-softening effect in rice particles, where increasing loading rate significantly reduces yield stress due to a sharp drop in surface friction, weakening the granular force-chain network. Through systematic experiments and simulations, we reveal that this behavior is tunable by modifying surface friction or confining pressure, unlocking design possibilities. To demonstrate its functional significance, we develop a bi-beam metamaterial that switches buckling direction with loading speed; extending to a dual-unit design yields a programmable response—contact reinforcement at slow rates, separation at fast—amplifying the rate dependence. These findings establish a new paradigm for tunable metamaterials, harnessing rate dependence of granular matter to create adaptive and programmable mechanical systems with potential applications in soft robotics, energy absorption, and wearable protection.

堵塞颗粒物质表现出不同的速率依赖行为，控制其力学响应。我们研究了围压下的堵塞组合，并确定了速率强化、速率无关和速率软化的行为。值得注意的是，我们发现大米颗粒中存在明显的速率软化效应，由于表面摩擦急剧下降，加载速率的增加显著降低了屈服应力，削弱了颗粒力链网络。通过系统的实验和模拟，我们发现这种行为可以通过改变表面摩擦或围压来调节，从而解锁设计的可能性。为了证明其功能意义，我们开发了一种随加载速度改变屈曲方向的双梁超材料；扩展到双单元设计产生可编程的响应-接触强化在慢速率，分离在快速放大速率依赖。这些发现为可调超材料建立了一个新的范例，利用颗粒物质的速率依赖性来创建自适应和可编程的机械系统，在软机器人、能量吸收和可穿戴保护方面具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Extremely low thermal resistance in solid-state thermal pad from in situ graphite cracking for high-power artificial intelligence chip 用于大功率人工智能芯片的石墨原位开裂固态热垫的极低热阻

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102547

Pingjun Luo, Yisimayili Tuersun, Yixin Chen, Zexi Chen, Mengliang Li, Qi Huang, Xuechen Chen, Zuxin Chen, Sheng Chu

Thermal management is crucial for electronics, especially in the artificial intelligence era of high-power computing. Ultra-low thermal resistance materials are essential for graphics processing units (GPUs)/central processing units (CPUs) but face trade-offs between interfacial resistance, conductivity, mechanical compliance, and durability. Herein, we present a carbon-silicone composite pad with vertically aligned graphite flakes engineered through a two-step strategy: in situ crack formation via ultrasonic treatment followed by precision mechanical polishing. This approach synergistically realizes smooth interfaces and superior graphite deformability, thereby fundamentally addressing the intrinsic trade-off between bulk compressibility and interfacial contact integrity in vertically structured carbon-based thermal interface materials. The optimized composite shows outstanding performance (total thermal resistance = 1.8 mm²K/W at 50 psi, and bulk thermal conductivity exceeds 460 W/mK), high compressibility (45% strain at 50 psi), and fairly good thermal cycling stability. Our findings establish a transformative route toward next-generation thermal interface materials, offering a critical enabler for energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware development.

热管理对电子产品至关重要，特别是在高功率计算的人工智能时代。超低热阻材料对于图形处理单元(gpu)/中央处理单元（cpu）来说是必不可少的，但它面临着界面电阻、导电性、机械顺应性和耐用性之间的权衡。在此，我们提出了一种碳硅复合材料衬垫，它具有垂直排列的石墨薄片，通过两步策略进行设计：通过超声波处理形成原位裂纹，然后进行精密机械抛光。这种方法协同实现了光滑的界面和优越的石墨可变形性，从而从根本上解决了垂直结构碳基热界面材料中体积可压缩性和界面接触完整性之间的内在权衡。优化后的复合材料表现出优异的性能（50psi时总热阻为1.8 mm2K/W，体导热系数超过460 W/mK）、高压缩性（50psi时应变为45%）和良好的热循环稳定性。我们的研究结果为下一代热界面材料的发展开辟了一条变革之路，为节能人工智能硬件的开发提供了关键的推动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Flexibility of oxygen sublattice and hydrogen bond length predict proton mobility in ternary metal oxides 氧亚晶格的柔韧性和氢键长度预测三元金属氧化物中质子的迁移率

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102568

Heejung W. Chung, Pjotrs Žguns, Ju Li, Bilge Yildiz

Discovery of fast proton conductors is important for advancing clean energy technologies. This requires a better understanding of proton migration mechanisms. While structural and chemical traits of ternary metal oxides have been related to proton migration barriers, lattice dynamical effects have not been resolved quantitatively. In this work, we introduce a phonon-based dynamic descriptor, termed “thermal O…O fluctuation,” quantifying the flexibility of donor-acceptor oxide-ion pairs. This enables direct comparison of O-sublattice flexibility across diverse metal oxides. Using regression models, we ranked physical descriptors as predictors of proton mobility, finding that H-bond length and thermal O…O fluctuation were the strongest descriptors. Further analysis revealed a critical O…O spacing of 2.4 Å at the transition state, which is easier to reach by more flexible donor-acceptor pairs, enabling facile proton transfer. Our results demonstrate oxygen sublattice flexibility as a dynamic descriptor and provide guiding principles for enhancing proton mobility in ternary metal oxides.

发现快质子导体对推进清洁能源技术具有重要意义。这需要对质子迁移机制有更好的理解。虽然三元金属氧化物的结构和化学特性与质子迁移势垒有关，但晶格动力学效应尚未定量解决。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个基于声子的动态描述符，称为“热O…O波动”，量化了供体-受体氧化离子对的灵活性。这使得可以直接比较不同金属氧化物的o -亚晶格灵活性。利用回归模型，我们将物理描述符列为质子迁移率的预测因子，发现氢键长度和热O…O波动是最强的描述符。进一步的分析表明，过渡态的临界O…O间距为2.4 Å，更灵活的给体-受体对更容易达到，从而使质子转移更容易。我们的研究结果证明了氧亚晶格灵活性作为一个动态描述符，并为提高三元金属氧化物中质子的迁移率提供了指导原则。

引用次数: 0

Colorful melanin-inspired pigments 五颜六色的黑色素激发的色素

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102533

Wanjie Bai, Haotian Li, Huijie Liu, Xianheng Wang, Zhipeng Gu, Ye Yang, Yiwen Li

Black color is the most typical feature of natural and synthetic melanins, which results from the complex packing and chemical disorder of the molecular structure within melanins. From nature and beyond nature, breaking through the black color boundary, expanding the scope of inherent functions, and establishing clearer structure-function relationship of melanin is necessary but hard due to the inherent chaos structure caused by random covalent coupling and supramolecular assembly. Herein, starting from melanin-inspired monomers, we chose and assembled typical organic acceptor molecules (TCNB/TCNQ) with melanin-inspired donor molecules to prepare a series of colorful melanin-inspired pigments through the co-crystallization strategy. The resulting colorful melanin-inspired pigments exhibited multiple colors and different rod-like morphologies compared with many melanin-like polymers. Particularly, green DHI/TCNQ powder presented excellent photothermal efficiency (∼69.8%) for antibacterial application. This work would provide new structure-function tailoring strategy toward the design of melanin-like polymers with highly ordered structures and desirable properties.

黑色是天然黑色素和合成黑色素最典型的特征，是黑色素内部分子结构复杂堆积和化学无序的结果。从自然出发，超越自然，突破黑色边界，扩大固有功能范围，建立更清晰的黑色素结构-功能关系是必要的，但由于随机共价偶联和超分子组装所导致的内在混沌结构是困难的。本文从激发黑色素的单体出发，选择典型的有机受体分子（TCNB/TCNQ）与激发黑色素的给体分子进行组装，通过共结晶策略制备了一系列多彩的激发黑色素色素。与许多类黑色素聚合物相比，由此产生的彩色黑色素激发色素具有多种颜色和不同的棒状形态。特别是，绿色DHI/TCNQ粉末在抗菌应用中具有优异的光热效率（~ 69.8%）。这项工作将为设计具有高度有序结构和理想性能的类黑色素聚合物提供新的结构-功能定制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Photo-magnetically actuated biohybrid microrobots 光磁驱动的生物混合微型机器人

IF 18.9 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102531

Víctor de la Asunción-Nadal, Michaela Vojníková, Jack Latella, Chuanrui Chen, An-Yi Chang, Robert Kobrin, Zhenning Zhou, Yihan Che, Zbyněk Heger, Joseph Wang

Microscale biohybrid robots harnessing naturally motile cells offer autonomous long-lasting propulsion and biocompatibility. Yet, precisely directing and controlling their motion remains challenging. Here we demonstrate independent and simultaneous control over different types of biohybrid microrobots and complex motion pattern generation by combining multiple inputs into a single microrobot. We present a novel motion control mechanism for simultaneous phototactic and magnetotactic operation of biohybrid microrobots based on wild-type and blind Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CR) modified with gelatin-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (gel-SPION). As a result, we developed methods to precisely control the motion of three distinct biohybrids with combined light and magnetic fields. By applying a combination of light and magnetic fields, different biohybrid strains can be sorted in different directions and controlled independently by decoupling the biohybrid magnetotactic and phototactic responses. This work lays the foundation for programmable, selective manipulation of biohybrid microrobots in variable environments, paving the way for advanced control strategies.

微型生物混合机器人利用自然运动细胞提供自主持久推进和生物相容性。然而，精确地指导和控制它们的运动仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们展示了对不同类型的生物混合微型机器人的独立和同时控制，以及通过将多个输入组合到一个微型机器人中来生成复杂的运动模式。基于明胶- fe3o4纳米粒子修饰的野生型和盲型莱茵衣藻（CR）（gel-SPION），提出了一种同时进行趋光和趋磁操作的生物混合微型机器人运动控制机制。因此，我们开发了一种方法，通过结合光和磁场来精确控制三种不同的生物杂交体的运动。在光、磁场联合作用下，通过解耦生物杂交种的趋磁和趋光响应，可以实现不同生物杂交种在不同方向上的分选和独立控制。这项工作为可变环境下生物混合微型机器人的可编程、选择性操作奠定了基础，为先进的控制策略铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Matter that learns: A closed-AI-loop journey in energetic materials 学习的物质：能量材料的封闭ai循环之旅

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102530

Lei Zhang

This is a perspective on how energetic materials can learn—and teach. What began as a search for high-energy-density structure and high stability has grown into a dialogue among matter, models, and machines. Along this path, the ideas of dual aromaticity, multiscale thinking, and intelligent design converged into a single loop: letting materials guide their own discovery. This piece reflects on that journey and argues for a more reciprocal relationship between science and matter itself.

这是一个关于能量材料如何学习和教学的观点。一开始是对高能量密度结构和高稳定性的探索，现在已经发展成为物质、模型和机器之间的对话。沿着这条道路，双重芳香性、多尺度思维和智能设计的理念融合成一个单一的循环：让材料引导自己的发现。这篇文章反映了这段旅程，并主张在科学与物质本身之间建立一种更加互惠的关系。

引用次数: 0

Powering chemical hydrogen storage with photothermochemical catalysis 光热化学催化为化学储氢提供动力

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102480

Xinran Li , Cong Liu , Xiangkun Elvis Cao , Yang-Fan Xu , Xiangdong Yao

Hydrogen is considered a clean energy source that could replace fossil fuels in a future carbon-neutral society. However, persistent challenges associated with low hydrogen storage density and significant energy consumption inherent in conventional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage remain. To this end, chemical hydrogen storage has emerged as a viable alternative. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved by incorporating renewable and potent light energy into hydrogen uptake and release processes, indicating a promising avenue for addressing the global energy crisis and enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen storage processes. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in material design and their applications in various light-driven photothermochemical hydrogen storage systems. The roles and mechanisms of these materials are discussed in detail to underscore the recent progress. Ultimately, this paper aims to highlight existing challenges and propose future directions for research and application in light-advanced hydrogen storage.

氢被认为是一种清洁能源，可以在未来的碳中和社会中取代化石燃料。然而，传统的高压气体和低温液态氢储存方法所固有的低氢储存密度和巨大的能量消耗仍然存在挑战。为此，化学储氢已成为一种可行的替代方案。此外，将可再生和强大的光能纳入氢的吸收和释放过程已经取得了实质性进展，为解决全球能源危机和提高氢储存过程的效率指明了一条有希望的途径。本文综述了近年来材料设计及其在各种光热化学储氢系统中的应用。详细讨论了这些材料的作用和机制，以强调最近的进展。最后，本文旨在强调当前存在的挑战，并提出未来轻型先进储氢技术的研究和应用方向。

引用次数: 0

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