Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102062
Saimeng Li , Junwei Liu , Vakhobjon Kuvondikov , Jinyue Yan , Long Ye
Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (IS-OPVs) are poised to revolutionize wearable and flexible electronics by combining mechanical robustness with high power conversion efficiency. Writing in Joule, researchers introduced new IS-OPVs that retain over 80% of their initial efficiency under 50% strain and exhibit an increase in power output when strained to 40%, marking a remarkable improvement over conventional photovoltaic cells, which typically experience efficiency degradation and failure when stretched. This approach could inspire the next wave of stretchable electronics.
{"title":"Organic photovoltaics generate more power under stretching","authors":"Saimeng Li , Junwei Liu , Vakhobjon Kuvondikov , Jinyue Yan , Long Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (IS-OPVs) are poised to revolutionize wearable and flexible electronics by combining mechanical robustness with high power conversion efficiency. Writing in <em>Joule</em>, researchers introduced new IS-OPVs that retain over 80% of their initial efficiency under 50% strain and exhibit an increase in power output when strained to 40%, marking a remarkable improvement over conventional photovoltaic cells, which typically experience efficiency degradation and failure when stretched. This approach could inspire the next wave of stretchable electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102062"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102042
Punit Kumar , David H. Cook , Wenqing Wang , Madelyn Payne , Pedro P.P.O. Borges , Andrew M. Minor , Mark Asta , Robert O. Ritchie
Atomic structure and electronic state influence deformation mechanisms in traditional and high-entropy alloys (HEAs). In HEAs, nature and scale differ from those of traditional alloys due to lattice distortion and variations in local chemistry resulting from large concentrations of multiple principal elements. In CrCoNi, a face-centered cubic (fcc) HEA, dislocation dissociation, nanotwinning, and transformation-induced plasticity are promoted at cryogenic temperatures (<77 K). In Nb45Ta25Ti15Hf15, a body-centered cubic (bcc) HEA, screw dislocations, twinning, and kink band formation are activated at temperatures ranging from 77 to 1,473 K. These deformation mechanisms impart exceptionally high fracture resistance in CrCoNi and Nb45Ta25Ti15Hf15. However, their tensile stress-strain curves differ significantly at these temperatures; while CrCoNi exhibits extensive strain hardening, Nb45Ta25Ti15Hf15 demonstrates nearly elastic, perfectly plastic stress-strain behavior. Understanding the origin of the high fracture resistance of these alloys, despite their contrasting stress-strain behavior, would enable the discovery of HEAs suitable for applications in extreme environments.
原子结构和电子状态会影响传统合金和高熵合金（HEAs）的变形机制。在高熵合金中，由于晶格畸变和多种主要元素大量聚集导致的局部化学变化，其性质和规模与传统合金不同。铬钴镍是一种面心立方（fcc）HEA，在低温（77 K）条件下会产生位错解离、纳米孪晶和转化诱导塑性。在 Nb45Ta25Ti15Hf15（体心立方（bcc）HEA）中，螺位错、孪晶和扭结带的形成在 77 至 1,473 K 的温度范围内被激活。然而，它们在这些温度下的拉伸应力-应变曲线却有很大不同；铬钴镍表现出广泛的应变硬化，而铌45Ta25Ti15Hf15则表现出近乎弹性的完全塑性应力-应变行为。尽管这些合金的应力应变行为截然不同，但了解它们具有高抗断裂性的原因将有助于发现适合极端环境应用的 HEA。
{"title":"Fracture behavior of high-entropy alloys: Resistance to fracture from strain hardening and softening","authors":"Punit Kumar , David H. Cook , Wenqing Wang , Madelyn Payne , Pedro P.P.O. Borges , Andrew M. Minor , Mark Asta , Robert O. Ritchie","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atomic structure and electronic state influence deformation mechanisms in traditional and high-entropy alloys (HEAs). In HEAs, nature and scale differ from those of traditional alloys due to lattice distortion and variations in local chemistry resulting from large concentrations of multiple principal elements. In CrCoNi, a face-centered cubic (<em>fcc</em>) HEA, dislocation dissociation, nanotwinning, and transformation-induced plasticity are promoted at cryogenic temperatures (<77 K). In Nb<sub>45</sub>Ta<sub>25</sub>Ti<sub>15</sub>Hf<sub>15</sub>, a body-centered cubic (<em>bcc</em>) HEA, screw dislocations, twinning, and kink band formation are activated at temperatures ranging from 77 to 1,473 K. These deformation mechanisms impart exceptionally high fracture resistance in CrCoNi and Nb<sub>45</sub>Ta<sub>25</sub>Ti<sub>15</sub>Hf<sub>15</sub>. However, their tensile stress-strain curves differ significantly at these temperatures; while CrCoNi exhibits extensive strain hardening, Nb<sub>45</sub>Ta<sub>25</sub>Ti<sub>15</sub>Hf<sub>15</sub> demonstrates nearly elastic, perfectly plastic stress-strain behavior. Understanding the origin of the high fracture resistance of these alloys, despite their contrasting stress-strain behavior, would enable the discovery of HEAs suitable for applications in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102042"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adoption of a circular economy model for biopolymers necessitates new technologies for valorizing keratin-rich wastes, particularly from wool. This study presents an approach to convert hard keratin proteins into flexible, moldable, and freestanding bioplastics. This method relies on reprogramming the keratin’s structure by grafting building blocks on fully unfolded keratin via the thiol-based Michael-type addition between double bonds of the building blocks and thiols of keratin. The engineered protein showed new functionalities, resulting in: thermoplastic keratin after grafting with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate; and increased toughness with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, a fully bio-based, flexible, and tough material (that outperformed every other regenerated keratin material) from epoxidized soybean oil acrylate. This efficient reaction occurs at room temperature in the same aqueous solution used for the extraction, without the need for additional steps. This approach emphasizes the potential of proteins as sustainable plastic alternatives.
{"title":"Upgrading keratin into a moldable bioplastic","authors":"Dagmara J. Trojanowska , Arkadiusz Zych , Stefania Sganga , Nicola Tirelli , Matteo Boventi , Camilla Rinaldi , Roberto Simonutti , Athanassia Athanassiou , Giovanni Perotto","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of a circular economy model for biopolymers necessitates new technologies for valorizing keratin-rich wastes, particularly from wool. This study presents an approach to convert hard keratin proteins into flexible, moldable, and freestanding bioplastics. This method relies on reprogramming the keratin’s structure by grafting building blocks on fully unfolded keratin via the thiol-based Michael-type addition between double bonds of the building blocks and thiols of keratin. The engineered protein showed new functionalities, resulting in: thermoplastic keratin after grafting with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate; and increased toughness with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, a fully bio-based, flexible, and tough material (that outperformed every other regenerated keratin material) from epoxidized soybean oil acrylate. This efficient reaction occurs at room temperature in the same aqueous solution used for the extraction, without the need for additional steps. This approach emphasizes the potential of proteins as sustainable plastic alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102039"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102040
Hao Wang , Ruisi Cai , Shenqiang Wang , Yinxian Yang , Tao Sheng , Wentao Zhang , Shiqi Wang , Jiahuan You , Ziyi Lu , Kangfan Ji , Yunlong Jiao , Mengyuan Ma , Nianou Wang , Ke Li , Wenjin Chu , Zhixi Yang , Jicheng Yu , Yuqi Zhang , Zhen Gu
Microneedle (MN) patches have shown great potential in biomedical applications because of their minimal invasiveness and efficient drug delivery. However, challenges remain, such as restricted penetration depth, limited drug loading capacity, and the complexity of controlled release formulations. Here, we present a wearable transdermal device (WTD) system composed of a portable iontophoresis device with an electroresponsive hydrogel (electrogel) and polymeric MN patches. When activated by a programmed current of the WTD, the macroporous electrogel shrinks to control drug solution release and further transport into the skin via MN-generated microchannels, providing efficient, on-demand transdermal drug administration. In vivo experiments in a diabetic model demonstrated that the WTD system rescued mice from hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia by transdermally delivering insulin or glucagon, respectively. It enabled programmed delivery based on blood glucose levels to avoid multiple injections. Moreover, the WTD system could deliver high-dosing required chemo drug and effectively inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
{"title":"A wearable transdermal device for on-demand drug delivery","authors":"Hao Wang , Ruisi Cai , Shenqiang Wang , Yinxian Yang , Tao Sheng , Wentao Zhang , Shiqi Wang , Jiahuan You , Ziyi Lu , Kangfan Ji , Yunlong Jiao , Mengyuan Ma , Nianou Wang , Ke Li , Wenjin Chu , Zhixi Yang , Jicheng Yu , Yuqi Zhang , Zhen Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microneedle (MN) patches have shown great potential in biomedical applications because of their minimal invasiveness and efficient drug delivery. However, challenges remain, such as restricted penetration depth, limited drug loading capacity, and the complexity of controlled release formulations. Here, we present a wearable transdermal device (WTD) system composed of a portable iontophoresis device with an electroresponsive hydrogel (electrogel) and polymeric MN patches. When activated by a programmed current of the WTD, the macroporous electrogel shrinks to control drug solution release and further transport into the skin via MN-generated microchannels, providing efficient, on-demand transdermal drug administration. <em>In vivo</em> experiments in a diabetic model demonstrated that the WTD system rescued mice from hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia by transdermally delivering insulin or glucagon, respectively. It enabled programmed delivery based on blood glucose levels to avoid multiple injections. Moreover, the WTD system could deliver high-dosing required chemo drug and effectively inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102040"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049
Dylan M. Barber , Michael D. Nelwood , Jennifer A. Lewis
Zwitterions (ZIs) are emerging candidates for soft dielectrics but are limited by high melting points (Tm), glass transition temperatures (Tg), and viscosities (η) dramatically exceeding those of ionic liquids. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized 18 imidazolium-derived zwitterions with systematically varied composition at the (1) imidazolium tail (Rt), (2) imidazolium 2 position (R2), (3) inter-charge spacer (Rs), and (4) anion (Ra). We found that long, flexible spacers yield stable zwitterionic liquids (ZILs), which we attribute to amplified entropy of fusion. Remarkably, stable ZILs with an elongated (6–16 atom length) inter-charge spacer, flexible tail, and a CF3-sulfonimide anion are 100- to 500-fold less viscous at room temperature than a benchmark supercooled ZI with a 4-atom spacer and a sulfonate anion. Moreover, these previously unreported ZILs exhibit high permittivities ranging from εr,s = 290 (6-atom spacers) to εr,s = 404 (16-atom spacers), highlighting the promise of this class of polarizable soft matter.
{"title":"Rational design and synthesis of zwitterionic liquid dielectrics","authors":"Dylan M. Barber , Michael D. Nelwood , Jennifer A. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zwitterions (ZIs) are emerging candidates for soft dielectrics but are limited by high melting points (<em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>), glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub><em>g</em></sub>), and viscosities (<em>η</em>) dramatically exceeding those of ionic liquids. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized 18 imidazolium-derived zwitterions with systematically varied composition at the (1) imidazolium tail (R<sub>t</sub>), (2) imidazolium 2 position (R<sub>2</sub>), (3) inter-charge spacer (R<sub>s</sub>), and (4) anion (R<sub>a</sub>). We found that long, flexible spacers yield stable zwitterionic liquids (ZILs), which we attribute to amplified entropy of fusion. Remarkably, stable ZILs with an elongated (6–16 atom length) inter-charge spacer, flexible tail, and a CF<sub>3</sub>-sulfonimide anion are 100- to 500-fold less viscous at room temperature than a benchmark supercooled ZI with a 4-atom spacer and a sulfonate anion. Moreover, these previously unreported ZILs exhibit high permittivities ranging from <em>ε</em><sub><em>r,s</em></sub> = 290 (6-atom spacers) to <em>ε</em><sub><em>r,s</em></sub> = 404 (16-atom spacers), highlighting the promise of this class of polarizable soft matter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102000
Bongki Shin , Bo Ni , Chee-Tat Toh , Doug Steinbach , Zhenze Yang , Lucas M. Sassi , Qing Ai , Kangdi Niu , Junhao Lin , Kazu Suenaga , Yimo Han , Markus J. Buehler , Barbaros Özyilmaz , Jun Lou
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have immense potential to advance flexible electronics, yet they are limited by low fracture toughness. This study addresses the intrinsic toughening of monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC), a 2D nanocomposite, to overcome this challenge. By incorporating both amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, MAC significantly enhances energy absorption during fracture propagation, as evidenced by crack blunting, deflecting, and bridging. Using in situ tensile tests under a scanning electron microscope, our results indicate an 8-fold increase in the energy release rate compared to monolayer graphene, along with improved fracture strain and crack stability. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the impact of phase composition on fracture energy. Our results present a scalable toughening strategy for 2D materials, potentially broadening their applications in fields requiring robust fracture resistance.
{"title":"Intrinsic toughening in monolayer amorphous carbon nanocomposites","authors":"Bongki Shin , Bo Ni , Chee-Tat Toh , Doug Steinbach , Zhenze Yang , Lucas M. Sassi , Qing Ai , Kangdi Niu , Junhao Lin , Kazu Suenaga , Yimo Han , Markus J. Buehler , Barbaros Özyilmaz , Jun Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) materials have immense potential to advance flexible electronics, yet they are limited by low fracture toughness. This study addresses the intrinsic toughening of monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC), a 2D nanocomposite, to overcome this challenge. By incorporating both amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, MAC significantly enhances energy absorption during fracture propagation, as evidenced by crack blunting, deflecting, and bridging. Using <em>in situ</em> tensile tests under a scanning electron microscope, our results indicate an 8-fold increase in the energy release rate compared to monolayer graphene, along with improved fracture strain and crack stability. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the impact of phase composition on fracture energy. Our results present a scalable toughening strategy for 2D materials, potentially broadening their applications in fields requiring robust fracture resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102047
Jiahui Li , Xiaofei Jing , Shulin Li , Lina Ma , Yuting Yang , Shuo Han , Jiangtao Jia , Cafer T. Yavuz , Guangshan Zhu
Pt and its derivatives, with their high reactivity and stability, are ideal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite being the industrial standard in HERs, high current densities remain prohibitive due to the increased risk of leaching. Here, we report a practical and scalable strategy to prepare extremely stable Pt-based electrodes employing porous aromatic framework (PAF-260, -261, and -264) membranes instead of commercial Nafion binders to render fully exposed Pt nanocatalysts as well as faster electron and mass transfer. All electrodes exhibit excellent HER performances, continuously operating for more than 1,000 h at ampere-level current densities without losing activity. The precise placement of Pt-anchoring sulfur functionalities throughout the porous framework enables the homogeneous distribution of electrocatalysts that deliver continuous production of hydrogen, even in highly alkaline environments. The design principles from this study could unravel robust electrolyzers that could accelerate the transition to renewable fuels.
铂及其衍生物具有高反应活性和稳定性，是氢进化反应（HER）的理想电催化剂。尽管已成为氢进化反应的工业标准，但由于沥滤风险的增加，高电流密度仍然令人望而却步。在此，我们报告了一种实用且可扩展的策略，即采用多孔芳香族框架（PAF-260、-261 和 -264）膜代替商用 Nafion 粘合剂来制备极其稳定的铂基电极，从而使铂纳米催化剂充分暴露，并加快电子和质量传输。所有电极都表现出卓越的 HER 性能，可在安培级电流密度下连续工作 1000 小时以上而不会失去活性。在整个多孔框架中精确放置铂锚定硫官能团，可实现电催化剂的均匀分布，即使在高碱性环境中也能持续产生氢气。这项研究的设计原则可以开发出坚固耐用的电解器，加快向可再生燃料的过渡。
{"title":"Binder-free Pt/PAF membrane electrodes for durable, high-current-density hydrogen evolution","authors":"Jiahui Li , Xiaofei Jing , Shulin Li , Lina Ma , Yuting Yang , Shuo Han , Jiangtao Jia , Cafer T. Yavuz , Guangshan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pt and its derivatives, with their high reactivity and stability, are ideal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite being the industrial standard in HERs, high current densities remain prohibitive due to the increased risk of leaching. Here, we report a practical and scalable strategy to prepare extremely stable Pt-based electrodes employing porous aromatic framework (PAF-260, -261, and -264) membranes instead of commercial Nafion binders to render fully exposed Pt nanocatalysts as well as faster electron and mass transfer. All electrodes exhibit excellent HER performances, continuously operating for more than 1,000 h at ampere-level current densities without losing activity. The precise placement of Pt-anchoring sulfur functionalities throughout the porous framework enables the homogeneous distribution of electrocatalysts that deliver continuous production of hydrogen, even in highly alkaline environments. The design principles from this study could unravel robust electrolyzers that could accelerate the transition to renewable fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102047"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102041
Marin Alexe
Crystal symmetry plays a fundamental role in emergent properties and behavior. Subject to external excitations, such as a strain gradient, changes in symmetry may lead to new properties. Recent research demonstrates that bending perovskite-based photovoltaic cells can enhance their efficiency by approximately 15%, suggesting a novel pathway for increasing performance.
{"title":"Squeezing the photovoltaic efficiency","authors":"Marin Alexe","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal symmetry plays a fundamental role in emergent properties and behavior. Subject to external excitations, such as a strain gradient, changes in symmetry may lead to new properties. Recent research demonstrates that bending perovskite-based photovoltaic cells can enhance their efficiency by approximately 15%, suggesting a novel pathway for increasing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 4","pages":"Article 102041"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102090
Shizhuo Zhang, Feng Liu, Senlin Rao, Gary J. Cheng
This study redefines Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), transforming them into Prussene—a two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterial—via laser-shock-induced 2D phase transition synthesis (LSPT2D). This scalable nanomanufacturing technique harnesses high-temperature/pressure plasmas to drive phase transitions, converting PBA nanocubes into N-doped carbon nanosheets embedded with ultrafine magnetic nanoalloys. Unlike conventional exfoliation method, LSPT2D enables chemical phase engineering, preserving structural integrity while imparting exceptional properties. Prussene exhibits a high saturation magnetization (108.3 emu/g) and enhanced conductivity due to its conductive carbon matrix. Demonstrating transformative electromagnetic wave absorption, it achieves a reflection loss of −51.7 dB and a 5.87 GHz effective bandwidth across GHz–THz frequencies, surpassing state-of-the-art absorbers. These attributes position Prussene as a breakthrough for stealth technologies and ultrahigh-frequency communications. This work establishes a scalable paradigm for synthesizing chemically modified 2D materials, unlocking applications in catalysis, energy storage, and multifunctional nanoelectronics. Prussene’s innovation lies in its synthesis-process-property triad, heralding a new era in high-performance nanomaterials.
{"title":"Prussene: Transforming ancient pigments into magnetic nanoalloyed 2D layers","authors":"Shizhuo Zhang, Feng Liu, Senlin Rao, Gary J. Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102090","url":null,"abstract":"This study redefines Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), transforming them into Prussene—a two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterial—via laser-shock-induced 2D phase transition synthesis (LSPT<sup>2D</sup>). This scalable nanomanufacturing technique harnesses high-temperature/pressure plasmas to drive phase transitions, converting PBA nanocubes into N-doped carbon nanosheets embedded with ultrafine magnetic nanoalloys. Unlike conventional exfoliation method, LSPT<sup>2D</sup> enables chemical phase engineering, preserving structural integrity while imparting exceptional properties. Prussene exhibits a high saturation magnetization (108.3 emu/g) and enhanced conductivity due to its conductive carbon matrix. Demonstrating transformative electromagnetic wave absorption, it achieves a reflection loss of −51.7 dB and a 5.87 GHz effective bandwidth across GHz–THz frequencies, surpassing state-of-the-art absorbers. These attributes position Prussene as a breakthrough for stealth technologies and ultrahigh-frequency communications. This work establishes a scalable paradigm for synthesizing chemically modified 2D materials, unlocking applications in catalysis, energy storage, and multifunctional nanoelectronics. Prussene’s innovation lies in its synthesis-process-property triad, heralding a new era in high-performance nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102084
Yuting Qin, Zeming Wang, Hanqing Chen, Guangjun Nie, Ruifang Zhao
Increased intestinal permeability, gut microecology dysbiosis, and the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are closely linked. Defective Paneth cell (PC) differentiation and disrupted goblet cell (GC) mucus exacerbate intestinal inflammation, driving IBD progression. In this context, we investigated the therapeutic effects of tungsten-encapsulated zinc nanoparticles (W@ZnNPs) in murine models of IBD. W@ZnNPs, with their high gastric stability and minimal side effects, have been found to enhance the mucosal barrier by improving Paneth and goblet cell functions, thus mitigating gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced inflammation. Orally delivered, W@ZnNPs outperformed mesalamine and other nanoadjuvants in ameliorating colitis, mainly through a dual mechanism of tungsten-mediated editing of Enterobacteriaceae and zinc-mediated modulation of intestinal cells. Most importantly, W@ZnNPs hold the potential to restore host-microbe interactions, making them a promising nanotherapeutic for IBD treatment.
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