Heterojunctions are of essential importance for electronic sensors due to their unique properties at the junctions. However, a planar junction made of two-dimensional (2D) materials commonly suffers from slow response and irreversible recovery because of slow physisorption and desorption rates. Herein, we present a unique design of a mixed-dimensional heterojunction built from patterned growth of 3D n-type CdS nanowire arrays and p-type 2D WSe2 nanosheets for photoelectric gas sensors. This heterojunction sensor showed highly selective and reversible responses to NO2 and NH3 with detection limits of 60 and 54 ppb, respectively, under UV illumination at room temperature. Notably, the sensor exhibited an ultrafast response time of less than 1 s to 1 ppm NO2 and NH3, which outperforms most previous reports. The hybrid junction structure proposed herein will pave the way for engineering new electronic devices from a broad selection of materials to achieve improved sensing performances at room temperature.
{"title":"Mixed-dimensional heterojunction by 3D CdS nanowire arrays bridged with 2D WSe2 for ultrafast photoelectric gas sensor","authors":"Wei Zheng, Guocai Lu, Xianghong Liu, Shilei Fan, Yinhua Hu, Nicola Pinna, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"Heterojunctions are of essential importance for electronic sensors due to their unique properties at the junctions. However, a planar junction made of two-dimensional (2D) materials commonly suffers from slow response and irreversible recovery because of slow physisorption and desorption rates. Herein, we present a unique design of a mixed-dimensional heterojunction built from patterned growth of 3D n-type CdS nanowire arrays and p-type 2D WSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets for photoelectric gas sensors. This heterojunction sensor showed highly selective and reversible responses to NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> with detection limits of 60 and 54 ppb, respectively, under UV illumination at room temperature. Notably, the sensor exhibited an ultrafast response time of less than 1 s to 1 ppm NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>, which outperforms most previous reports. The hybrid junction structure proposed herein will pave the way for engineering new electronic devices from a broad selection of materials to achieve improved sensing performances at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a terrific arsenal for the design of next-generation nanovaccines, owing to several favorable features, such as excellent safety, immunostimulatory properties, lymphatic targeting ability, antigen-presentation capacity, facile modification characteristics, longer shelf-lives in vivo, and simpler good manufacturing practices handling procedures than cell-based vaccines. Here, we endeavor to summarize the state-of-the-art achievements in EV-based vaccines, particularly those aimed at immunizing against infectious pathogens and cancers. The emerging strategies for genetically or non-genetically engineering EVs to be loaded with antigenic proteins and antigen-encoding RNAs are highlighted. For each methodology, the rationale underlying its development is elaborated. In addition, EV biogenesis, cargo sorting, and immunomodulatory roles are discussed, as well as the clinical translation, latest industrial pipelines, current challenges, and envisioned directions for EV vaccines. This review may offer insights into the rational design of EVs as a cutting-edge vaccine platform to stimulate potent, broad, and long-lasting immunity.
{"title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles as a next-generation vaccine platform","authors":"Mei Lu, Haonan Xing, Xiaoyun Zhao, Yuanyu Huang, Aiping Zheng, Xing-Jie Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a terrific arsenal for the design of next-generation nanovaccines, owing to several favorable features, such as excellent safety, immunostimulatory properties, lymphatic targeting ability, antigen-presentation capacity, facile modification characteristics, longer shelf-lives <em>in vivo</em>, and simpler good manufacturing practices handling procedures than cell-based vaccines. Here, we endeavor to summarize the state-of-the-art achievements in EV-based vaccines, particularly those aimed at immunizing against infectious pathogens and cancers. The emerging strategies for genetically or non-genetically engineering EVs to be loaded with antigenic proteins and antigen-encoding RNAs are highlighted. For each methodology, the rationale underlying its development is elaborated. In addition, EV biogenesis, cargo sorting, and immunomodulatory roles are discussed, as well as the clinical translation, latest industrial pipelines, current challenges, and envisioned directions for EV vaccines. This review may offer insights into the rational design of EVs as a cutting-edge vaccine platform to stimulate potent, broad, and long-lasting immunity.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of active life for PSCs remains stagnant ascribing to the unstable structure of self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials (SAMHTMs) with heteroatom substitution. Xue and co-workers introduced a chemical inert and extensive delocalized structure into the rigid self-assembled molecule Py3, which greatly increased the PCE and long-term stability of PSCs.
{"title":"Self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials stabilize perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xueqin Ran, Jianbing Zhu, Yucheng Li, Biyun Ren, Lei Yang, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"The development of active life for PSCs remains stagnant ascribing to the unstable structure of self-assembled monolayer hole-transporting materials (SAMHTMs) with heteroatom substitution. Xue and co-workers introduced a chemical inert and extensive delocalized structure into the rigid self-assembled molecule Py3, which greatly increased the PCE and long-term stability of PSCs.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.012
Chi Chen
While AI has demonstrated impressive capabilities in predicting materials properties, achieving transformative scientific impact will require advances beyond current approaches. We believe that the convergence of AI with materials science presents unique opportunities: accelerating advanced quantum mechanical methods and quantum simulations, bridging quantum-to-macroscopic scales through multiscale modeling, and enabling automated discovery through autonomous experimentation and AI agents capable of experimental reasoning and planning. This synergistic integration promises to transform both our fundamental understanding of materials behavior across scales and our ability to discover materials that meet the critical needs of society.
{"title":"AI in materials science: Charting the course to Nobel-worthy breakthroughs","authors":"Chi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"While AI has demonstrated impressive capabilities in predicting materials properties, achieving transformative scientific impact will require advances beyond current approaches. We believe that the convergence of AI with materials science presents unique opportunities: accelerating advanced quantum mechanical methods and quantum simulations, bridging quantum-to-macroscopic scales through multiscale modeling, and enabling automated discovery through autonomous experimentation and AI agents capable of experimental reasoning and planning. This synergistic integration promises to transform both our fundamental understanding of materials behavior across scales and our ability to discover materials that meet the critical needs of society.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.004
Yan Li, Yuqing Lin, Sandra Skjaervoe, Connor Wells, Tina Zhang, Steve Cranford
Section snippets
Main text
It’s that time of year again to reminisce, reflect on the months gone by and prognosticate on those to follow. The year 2024 was as busy as ever for Team Matter, as we settled into a new editorial team (which has already changed), handled increased submission volume, and engaged with the materials science community as much as possible. We celebrated our 5th anniversary in July, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of Cell Press, which had a nice symmetry to it. We partnered across our physical
{"title":"Matter research/experience: 2024 in review","authors":"Yan Li, Yuqing Lin, Sandra Skjaervoe, Connor Wells, Tina Zhang, Steve Cranford","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Main text</h2>It’s that time of year again to reminisce, reflect on the months gone by and prognosticate on those to follow. The year 2024 was as busy as ever for Team Matter, as we settled into a new editorial team (which has already changed), handled increased submission volume, and engaged with the materials science community as much as possible. We celebrated our 5<sup>th</sup> anniversary in July, coinciding with the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of Cell Press, which had a nice symmetry to it. We partnered across our physical</section></section>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018
Changmin Shi, Simon J.L. Billinge
In the 21st century, traditional lecture-based teaching methods are being increasingly supplemented by interactive and student-centered approaches to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This Matter of Opinion explores the use of active learning groups, which were developed by Prof. Billinge as an effective pedagogical tool in materials science and engineering courses.
{"title":"Teaching materials science and engineering students in the 21st century","authors":"Changmin Shi, Simon J.L. Billinge","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, traditional lecture-based teaching methods are being increasingly supplemented by interactive and student-centered approaches to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This Matter of Opinion explores the use of active learning groups, which were developed by Prof. Billinge as an effective pedagogical tool in materials science and engineering courses.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004
Jingyu Lu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci
The development of high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes is critical to boost the energy density of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), while a series of chemical and microstructural degradations limit its durable operation. In a recent paper by Liu et al. published at Nature Energy, a surface layer with a compositional and structural dual-gradient design was constructed on a Ni-rich cathode to significantly enhance its cycle stability at high voltages, paving the way toward applications in long-range electric vehicles.
{"title":"High-voltage Ni-rich cathodes stabilized with dual gradients","authors":"Jingyu Lu, Deping Li, Lijie Ci","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"The development of high-voltage Ni-rich cathodes is critical to boost the energy density of a lithium-ion battery (LIB), while a series of chemical and microstructural degradations limit its durable operation. In a recent paper by Liu et al. published at <em>Nature Energy</em>, a surface layer with a compositional and structural dual-gradient design was constructed on a Ni-rich cathode to significantly enhance its cycle stability at high voltages, paving the way toward applications in long-range electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024
Xinshuo Shi, Lei Shi, Jingyang Wang, Yu Zhou, Shenlong Zhao
Defect engineering regulation has long been regarded as an efficient strategy to construct highly selective electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECO2RR) catalysts. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in the development of efficient catalysts by defect design to convert CO2 into high-value chemicals such as C1, C2, and C3 products. Here, a concise but comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of ECO2RR is provided. A series of recently developed defect strategies are summarized under a framework of vacancy defects, doping defects, lattice defects, and edge defects. Besides the relationship between catalyst design and performance, the key factors of device types, ion-exchange membranes, and electrode configuration related to the performance of ECO2RR electrolyzers are discussed. Lastly, recent advances in industrial applications and related economic analyses, along with some challenges and opportunities, are highlighted.
{"title":"Defect engineering of nanomaterials for selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Xinshuo Shi, Lei Shi, Jingyang Wang, Yu Zhou, Shenlong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.024","url":null,"abstract":"Defect engineering regulation has long been regarded as an efficient strategy to construct highly selective electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECO<sub>2</sub>RR) catalysts. Recently, tremendous efforts have been made in the development of efficient catalysts by defect design to convert CO<sub>2</sub> into high-value chemicals such as C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, and C<sub>3</sub> products. Here, a concise but comprehensive review of recent progress in the field of ECO<sub>2</sub>RR is provided. A series of recently developed defect strategies are summarized under a framework of vacancy defects, doping defects, lattice defects, and edge defects. Besides the relationship between catalyst design and performance, the key factors of device types, ion-exchange membranes, and electrode configuration related to the performance of ECO<sub>2</sub>RR electrolyzers are discussed. Lastly, recent advances in industrial applications and related economic analyses, along with some challenges and opportunities, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010
Zening Lin, Tao Jiang, Zirong Luo
Biohybrid muscle robots ingeniously integrate living biosystems with artificial structures and have enormous potential in various fields. Here, we analyze their development status and propose six pivotal evolution stages of bio-syncretic intelligent muscle robots capable of autonomous thinking.
{"title":"Focus on the evolution roadmap of biohybrid muscle robots","authors":"Zening Lin, Tao Jiang, Zirong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"Biohybrid muscle robots ingeniously integrate living biosystems with artificial structures and have enormous potential in various fields. Here, we analyze their development status and propose six pivotal evolution stages of bio-syncretic intelligent muscle robots capable of autonomous thinking.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002
John C. Mauro
This is the story of one materials scientist’s journey into the world of speculative fiction, finding mutual inspiration and building stronger linkages between the scientific and science fiction communities.
{"title":"There and back again: A materials scientist’s journey into speculative fiction","authors":"John C. Mauro","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"This is the story of one materials scientist’s journey into the world of speculative fiction, finding mutual inspiration and building stronger linkages between the scientific and science fiction communities.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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