Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102374
Jiaju Shi , Yucong Lan , Guodong Liang
This study introduces a strategy to achieve flexible and transparent polymeric materials with hour-long room temperature phosphorescence (HLRTP) property through a facile charge reservoir strategy. Notably, the resulting polymers display a persistent green RTP emission lasting 24 h after photoexcitation, establishing a new benchmark for RTP materials. This RTP duration surpasses by four orders of magnitude that of RTP polymers previously reported. Intriguingly, the HLRTP of these polymer films can be excited by sunlight and persists for 8 h in ambient air. Systematic mechanism investigation demonstrates that the formation of donor/acceptor exciplexes and subsequent radical ions during photoexcitation plays a vital role in achieving HLRTP. Additionally, leveraging its exceptional processability, the flexible polymer material is fabricated into various forms, including one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional structures, rendering it suitable for diverse applications, including flexible displays and wearable devices.
{"title":"24-h-long room temperature phosphorescence in flexible and transparent polymeric materials through charge reservoir strategy","authors":"Jiaju Shi , Yucong Lan , Guodong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a strategy to achieve flexible and transparent polymeric materials with hour-long room temperature phosphorescence (HLRTP) property through a facile charge reservoir strategy. Notably, the resulting polymers display a persistent green RTP emission lasting 24 h after photoexcitation, establishing a new benchmark for RTP materials. This RTP duration surpasses by four orders of magnitude that of RTP polymers previously reported. Intriguingly, the HLRTP of these polymer films can be excited by sunlight and persists for 8 h in ambient air. Systematic mechanism investigation demonstrates that the formation of donor/acceptor exciplexes and subsequent radical ions during photoexcitation plays a vital role in achieving HLRTP. Additionally, leveraging its exceptional processability, the flexible polymer material is fabricated into various forms, including one-dimensional fibers, two-dimensional films, and three-dimensional structures, rendering it suitable for diverse applications, including flexible displays and wearable devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102374"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102420
Zefang Li , Leshan Zhao , Christos Kakogiannis , Timothy P. Weihs , Jochen Mueller
Gallium-based low-melting-point liquid metals offer a unique combination of flexibility, conductivity, and thermal transport, making them attractive for soft electronic and thermal systems. However, their extremely low viscosity, high surface tension, and rapid oxidation pose substantial challenges for 3D patterning. While rheological modifications can enable 3D printing, they often compromise conductivity, require complex post-processing, or introduce toxicity. Here, we introduce an oil-in-liquid metal foam emulsion ink that enhances extrudability while largely preserving the intrinsic properties of the base metal. The ink maintains low electrical resistivity ( at C) and high thermal conductivity ( at C) and remains liquid down to C due to supercooling. We demonstrate direct ink writing of complex 3D geometries with resolutions down to and characterize the ink’s thermal and electrical performance. This formulation offers a practical route for processing liquid metals in three dimensions, enabling new opportunities in flexible electronics, thermal interfaces, and soft sensing systems.
{"title":"3D-printable oil-in-liquid metal foam emulsion","authors":"Zefang Li , Leshan Zhao , Christos Kakogiannis , Timothy P. Weihs , Jochen Mueller","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium-based low-melting-point liquid metals offer a unique combination of flexibility, conductivity, and thermal transport, making them attractive for soft electronic and thermal systems. However, their extremely low viscosity, high surface tension, and rapid oxidation pose substantial challenges for 3D patterning. While rheological modifications can enable 3D printing, they often compromise conductivity, require complex post-processing, or introduce toxicity. Here, we introduce an oil-in-liquid metal foam emulsion ink that enhances extrudability while largely preserving the intrinsic properties of the base metal. The ink maintains low electrical resistivity (<span><math><mrow><mn>7.25</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.07</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>Ω</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> at <span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>C) and high thermal conductivity (<span><math><mrow><mn>14.86</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.43</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>K</mi></mrow></math></span> at <span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>C) and remains liquid down to <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>C due to supercooling. We demonstrate direct ink writing of complex 3D geometries with resolutions down to <span><math><mrow><mn>0.5</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>mm</mtext></mrow></math></span> and characterize the ink’s thermal and electrical performance. This formulation offers a practical route for processing liquid metals in three dimensions, enabling new opportunities in flexible electronics, thermal interfaces, and soft sensing systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102420"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102511
Xinmeng Chen , Jing Li , Siwei Zhang , Lianrui Hu , Yu Wang , Jacky W.Y. Lam , Wenping Hu , Ben Zhong Tang
Smart organic cocrystals, a new class of functional materials that are capable of detecting environmental changes and responding through reversible or observable transformations, have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. However, despite the rapid progress in this field, a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes recent advancements and offers forward-looking insights is still lacking. This review categorizes organic smart cocrystals based on different stimuli sources and highlights representative studies from the past years, covering mechanical force, light, temperature, vapor, acid/base, and humidity stimuli. It focuses on the underlying mechanisms and applications of each stimulus type from the dual perspectives of molecular design strategies and structure-property relationships. Finally, it discusses the challenges, future directions, and prospects of organic stimuli-responsive cocrystals, aiming to facilitate their transition into real-world applications.
{"title":"Smart organic cocrystals: Recent advances and perspectives","authors":"Xinmeng Chen , Jing Li , Siwei Zhang , Lianrui Hu , Yu Wang , Jacky W.Y. Lam , Wenping Hu , Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart organic cocrystals, a new class of functional materials that are capable of detecting environmental changes and responding through reversible or observable transformations, have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. However, despite the rapid progress in this field, a comprehensive review that systematically summarizes recent advancements and offers forward-looking insights is still lacking. This review categorizes organic smart cocrystals based on different stimuli sources and highlights representative studies from the past years, covering mechanical force, light, temperature, vapor, acid/base, and humidity stimuli. It focuses on the underlying mechanisms and applications of each stimulus type from the dual perspectives of molecular design strategies and structure-property relationships. Finally, it discusses the challenges, future directions, and prospects of organic stimuli-responsive cocrystals, aiming to facilitate their transition into real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102511"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102410
Cheenepalli Nagarjuna , Peyala Dharmaiah , Babu Madavali , Murali Bissannagari , Saikat Shyamal , Weizong Bao , Soon-Jik Hong , Jinxue Ding , Xufei Fang , Byungmin Ahn , Wenjun Lu , BinBin He
Entropy engineering has emerged as a powerful strategy for overcoming the long-standing trade-offs between electrical and thermal transport in thermoelectric materials. This review critically evaluates how configurational entropy, introduced through multicomponent alloying, governs phase stabilization and transition temperatures, thereby enabling improved thermoelectric performance. We also discuss the entropy-driven core effects and corresponding mechanisms, including electronic band convergence, lattice disorder, and multiscale structural modulation that collectively enhance electronic properties while suppressing lattice thermal conductivity. These mechanisms are examined across a broad range of systems, including chalcogenides half-Heuslers, high-entropy oxides, and metallic materials, with particular emphasis on the structure-property correlations responsible for the observed gains in energy-conversion efficiency. Beyond performance optimization, we assess how entropy engineering improves mechanical robustness and imparts superior thermal and chemical stability, both of which are critical for long-term energy-harvesting applications. Finally, we highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with scalable synthesis and machine-learning-guided discovery of high-entropy TE materials. Collectively, these insights position entropy engineering as a transformative pathway for next-generation thermoelectric technologies.
{"title":"Entropy-guided design of thermoelectric properties in multi-component compounds","authors":"Cheenepalli Nagarjuna , Peyala Dharmaiah , Babu Madavali , Murali Bissannagari , Saikat Shyamal , Weizong Bao , Soon-Jik Hong , Jinxue Ding , Xufei Fang , Byungmin Ahn , Wenjun Lu , BinBin He","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entropy engineering has emerged as a powerful strategy for overcoming the long-standing trade-offs between electrical and thermal transport in thermoelectric materials. This review critically evaluates how configurational entropy, introduced through multicomponent alloying, governs phase stabilization and transition temperatures, thereby enabling improved thermoelectric performance. We also discuss the entropy-driven core effects and corresponding mechanisms, including electronic band convergence, lattice disorder, and multiscale structural modulation that collectively enhance electronic properties while suppressing lattice thermal conductivity. These mechanisms are examined across a broad range of systems, including chalcogenides half-Heuslers, high-entropy oxides, and metallic materials, with particular emphasis on the structure-property correlations responsible for the observed gains in energy-conversion efficiency. Beyond performance optimization, we assess how entropy engineering improves mechanical robustness and imparts superior thermal and chemical stability, both of which are critical for long-term energy-harvesting applications. Finally, we highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with scalable synthesis and machine-learning-guided discovery of high-entropy TE materials. Collectively, these insights position entropy engineering as a transformative pathway for next-generation thermoelectric technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102410"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102336
Guangqi Wu (吴广启) , Tianyi Jin (金天逸) , Alfredo Alexander-Katz , Connor W. Coley
While developing new polymers typically requires years of investigation, blending existing polymers offers a cost-effective strategy to create new materials. However, developing functional polymer blends is often a slow and challenging process due to their vast design space, the non-additive nature of polymer properties, and limited fundamental understanding to guide the optimization. Here, we report an autonomous platform that addresses these challenges by integrating high-throughput blending, real-time data acquisition, and an evolutionary algorithm for composition optimization. This approach enables rapid exploration of complex combinatorial blending spaces of random heteropolymers (RHPs). With enzyme thermal stability as a model objective, this system discovered RHP blends (RHPBs) that outperform all constituents. Retrospective analysis reveals segment-level interactions correlated with the performance. This work highlights the opportunity for materials discovery within the RHP and RHPB space and the immense potential of leveraging autonomous discovery platforms to accelerate the discovery of blends with emergent properties.
{"title":"Autonomous discovery of functional random heteropolymer blends through evolutionary formulation optimization","authors":"Guangqi Wu (吴广启) , Tianyi Jin (金天逸) , Alfredo Alexander-Katz , Connor W. Coley","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While developing new polymers typically requires years of investigation, blending existing polymers offers a cost-effective strategy to create new materials. However, developing functional polymer blends is often a slow and challenging process due to their vast design space, the non-additive nature of polymer properties, and limited fundamental understanding to guide the optimization. Here, we report an autonomous platform that addresses these challenges by integrating high-throughput blending, real-time data acquisition, and an evolutionary algorithm for composition optimization. This approach enables rapid exploration of complex combinatorial blending spaces of random heteropolymers (RHPs). With enzyme thermal stability as a model objective, this system discovered RHP blends (RHPBs) that outperform all constituents. Retrospective analysis reveals segment-level interactions correlated with the performance. This work highlights the opportunity for materials discovery within the RHP and RHPB space and the immense potential of leveraging autonomous discovery platforms to accelerate the discovery of blends with emergent properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102336"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102565
Aisha N. Bismillah , Alessandro Bismuto , Anna Blakney , Sebastien Callens , Céline Calvino , Stefano Crespi , Ricardo Cruz-Acuña , Andrew Daly , Locke Davenport Huyer , Jamie H. Docherty , Liam Donnelly , Joel A. Finbloom , Pratik Gurnani , Robert Hein , Jennifer Johnstone-Hack , Susan E. Leggett , Nadine Leisgang , Jason Y.C. Lim , Kevin Neumann , Liliang Ouyang , Connor Wells
This year, we present 36 emerging researchers from around the world, all roughly under the age of 35 (or thereabouts). This is our fourth year highlighting emerging researchers in this age group, and this year's cohort was formed through an initial set of invitations from the editorial team, followed by contributors each nominating two peers in a guided, self-propagating pyramid process. The resulting group exemplifies the vibrant diversity and innovation shaping today’s materials science landscape.
{"title":"35(+1) challenges in materials science being tackled by PIs under 35(ish) in 2025","authors":"Aisha N. Bismillah , Alessandro Bismuto , Anna Blakney , Sebastien Callens , Céline Calvino , Stefano Crespi , Ricardo Cruz-Acuña , Andrew Daly , Locke Davenport Huyer , Jamie H. Docherty , Liam Donnelly , Joel A. Finbloom , Pratik Gurnani , Robert Hein , Jennifer Johnstone-Hack , Susan E. Leggett , Nadine Leisgang , Jason Y.C. Lim , Kevin Neumann , Liliang Ouyang , Connor Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This year, we present 36 emerging researchers from around the world, all roughly under the age of 35 (or thereabouts). This is our fourth year highlighting emerging researchers in this age group, and this year's cohort was formed through an initial set of invitations from the editorial team, followed by contributors each nominating two peers in a guided, self-propagating pyramid process. The resulting group exemplifies the vibrant diversity and innovation shaping today’s materials science landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102565"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102534
Jiafan Chen , Guang-Zhong Yang
Through fusing materials into thin, elongated strands with structured cross-sections, recent advances in multimaterial fibers have enabled myriad applications for simultaneous sensing of many different inputs. Addressing the underlying challenges of preform fabrication, thermal compatibility of dissimilar materials with heterogeneous properties, and functional material deposition enables the creation of flexible embodiments such as smart fabrics or miniaturized devices for in vivo applications. By leveraging micro-nano fabrication techniques, microscale devices can be integrated at the tip of the fiber with photo, thermal, magnetic, electro, pneumatic, or hydraulic actuation, leading to thin, tethered fiberbots for targeted therapy and endoluminal intervention.
{"title":"Fiberbots: From concept to reality","authors":"Jiafan Chen , Guang-Zhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through fusing materials into thin, elongated strands with structured cross-sections, recent advances in multimaterial fibers have enabled myriad applications for simultaneous sensing of many different inputs. Addressing the underlying challenges of preform fabrication, thermal compatibility of dissimilar materials with heterogeneous properties, and functional material deposition enables the creation of flexible embodiments such as smart fabrics or miniaturized devices for <em>in vivo</em> applications. By leveraging micro-nano fabrication techniques, microscale devices can be integrated at the tip of the fiber with photo, thermal, magnetic, electro, pneumatic, or hydraulic actuation, leading to thin, tethered fiberbots for targeted therapy and endoluminal intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102534"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102414
Jinze Li , Hao Li , Wenfu Xie , Yining Sun , Jiahao Jin , Qiwei Shi , Mingfei Shao
The complex synthesis and limited durability of cost-efficient heterostructure hydrogen catalysts have hindered the large-scale application of anion-exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. Here, a facile flame-assisted method was developed to synthesize electron-rich Pt clusters supported on Ni(OH)2 (Ni(OH)2@Ptδ−-NC) within 1 min, achieving a minimal Pt loading of 0.05 mg cm−2. The synergy between vacancy-rich Ni(OH)2 and electron-rich Pt clusters modulates intermediate adsorption-desorption processes, achieving ultralow overpotential of 9 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and outstanding long-term stability (2,400 h at 200 mA cm−2). Moreover, when employed as the cathode in an AEM electrolyzer, the catalyst achieves 1 A cm−2 at 1.74 V and 5 A cm−2 at 2.23 V. Furthermore, the flame-assisted strategy enables stable synthesis of the catalyst at a scale of 100 cm2. When integrated into an industrial-grade electrolyzer stack, the catalyst maintains a high current of 160 A for 1,000 h, demonstrating enormous potential for future industrial applications.
低成本的异质结构氢催化剂合成复杂，耐用性有限，阻碍了阴离子交换膜（AEM）水电解的大规模应用。在这里，我们开发了一种简单的火焰辅助方法，在1分钟内合成了Ni(OH)2 （Ni(OH)2@Ptδ−-NC）上负载的富电子Pt簇，实现了0.05 mg cm−2的最小Pt负载。富空位的Ni(OH)2和富电子的Pt团簇之间的协同作用调节了中间吸附-解吸过程，实现了10 mA cm - 2下9 mV的超低过电位和出色的长期稳定性（200 mA cm - 2下2400小时）。此外，在AEM电解槽中作为阴极时，催化剂在1.74 V时达到1 A cm−2，在2.23 V时达到5 A cm−2。此外，火焰辅助策略可以在100 cm2的规模下稳定地合成催化剂。当集成到工业级电解槽堆中时，该催化剂可在1,000小时内保持160 a的高电流，显示出未来工业应用的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Scalable and facile flame-assisted synthesis of electron-rich Pt clusters/Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst for robust AEM water electrolysis","authors":"Jinze Li , Hao Li , Wenfu Xie , Yining Sun , Jiahao Jin , Qiwei Shi , Mingfei Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex synthesis and limited durability of cost-efficient heterostructure hydrogen catalysts have hindered the large-scale application of anion-exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. Here, a facile flame-assisted method was developed to synthesize electron-rich Pt clusters supported on Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> (Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>@Pt<sup><em>δ</em>−</sup>-NC) within 1 min, achieving a minimal Pt loading of 0.05 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>. The synergy between vacancy-rich Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> and electron-rich Pt clusters modulates intermediate adsorption-desorption processes, achieving ultralow overpotential of 9 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and outstanding long-term stability (2,400 h at 200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). Moreover, when employed as the cathode in an AEM electrolyzer, the catalyst achieves 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> at 1.74 V and 5 A cm<sup>−2</sup> at 2.23 V. Furthermore, the flame-assisted strategy enables stable synthesis of the catalyst at a scale of 100 cm<sup>2</sup>. When integrated into an industrial-grade electrolyzer stack, the catalyst maintains a high current of 160 A for 1,000 h, demonstrating enormous potential for future industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102414"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102527
James D. Martin
{"title":"Solutes don’t crystallize! Insights from phase diagrams demystify the ‘‘magic’’ of crystallization","authors":"James D. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102527"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102340
Artemis Margaronis , Caterina Piunti , Ryan R. Hosn , Sarah Bortel , Satya Nayagam , James S. Wang , Daniella Uvaldo , Kam Leong , Elisa Cimetta , Santiago Correa
Hydrogels are multifunctional biomaterials but are often composed of synthetic building blocks that do not inherently present biological signals to cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer unique bioactivity, but stably incorporating them into hydrogels remains a challenge. Here, we define the design principles for supramolecular hydrogels crosslinked by EVs. Bovine-derived yogurt EVs are used as a scalable source of bioactive EVs for systematic hydrogel development. Mixing EVs with optimally modified cellulose-based polymers yields injectable hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. Following optimization with yogurt EVs, this platform’s versatility is demonstrated by formulating hydrogels with artificial microbial and mammalian nanovesicles. In vivo studies show EV hydrogel biocompatibility, intrinsic angiogenic activity, and emergence of an immune niche with broad immune-cell engagement, highlighting their potential in regenerative medicine. These findings establish a framework for designing EV-crosslinked supramolecular hydrogels that integrate the natural bioactivity of EVs with the biomedical potential of injectable hydrogel technology.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles as dynamic crosslinkers for bioactive injectable hydrogels","authors":"Artemis Margaronis , Caterina Piunti , Ryan R. Hosn , Sarah Bortel , Satya Nayagam , James S. Wang , Daniella Uvaldo , Kam Leong , Elisa Cimetta , Santiago Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogels are multifunctional biomaterials but are often composed of synthetic building blocks that do not inherently present biological signals to cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer unique bioactivity, but stably incorporating them into hydrogels remains a challenge. Here, we define the design principles for supramolecular hydrogels crosslinked by EVs. Bovine-derived yogurt EVs are used as a scalable source of bioactive EVs for systematic hydrogel development. Mixing EVs with optimally modified cellulose-based polymers yields injectable hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties. Following optimization with yogurt EVs, this platform’s versatility is demonstrated by formulating hydrogels with artificial microbial and mammalian nanovesicles. <em>In vivo</em> studies show EV hydrogel biocompatibility, intrinsic angiogenic activity, and emergence of an immune niche with broad immune-cell engagement, highlighting their potential in regenerative medicine. These findings establish a framework for designing EV-crosslinked supramolecular hydrogels that integrate the natural bioactivity of EVs with the biomedical potential of injectable hydrogel technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 12","pages":"Article 102340"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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