IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102424

Bin Wu (武斌) , Zuohuan Chen (陈作焕) , Junjun Wang (王军军) , Jilong Xu (徐吉龙) , Shuai Niu (牛帅) , Xiaoyang Du (杜晓阳) , Wen-Jie Jiang (江文杰) , Xiaofeng Shi (石晓峰) , Wenliang Gao (高文亮) , Yifan Ye (叶逸凡) , Dingsheng Wang (王定胜) , Liqiang Mai (麦立强)

Since being proposed in 2011, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered significant interest as cutting-edge materials due to their exceptional atomic efficiency and as ideal platforms for understanding structure-performance relationships. While numerous reviews have covered SAC synthesis, characterization, structure-performance links, and industrial scalability, the varied and often incomparable performance of SACs produced via different methods hinders broader adoption, revealing a literature gap concerning universal SAC synthesis. Universal synthesis, aiming to produce SACs with multiple metal sites via one method, has recently seen major breakthroughs. However, a comprehensive review of these strategies is still lacking but is essential for achieving consistent, comparable catalytic performance. Universally synthesized SACs enhance synthesis reliability and guide high-performance SAC design. Here, we summarize recent universal SAC synthesis progress, providing insights for standardization. We comprehensively overview reported universal approaches, categorizing them into four key strategies: (1) molecular anchoring, (2) metal complex pyrolysis, (3) lattice confinement, and (4) electrochemical deposition. Finally, we offer future perspectives evaluating these strategies’ potential for advancing fundamental and industrial SAC synthesis and outline research directions for optimization and innovation.

自2011年被提出以来，单原子催化剂（SACs）由于其卓越的原子效率和理解结构-性能关系的理想平台，作为前沿材料获得了极大的兴趣。虽然已有大量综述涵盖SAC的合成、表征、结构-性能联系和工业可扩展性，但通过不同方法生产的SAC的不同且通常无与伦比的性能阻碍了SAC的广泛采用，揭示了关于通用SAC合成的文献空白。通用合成，旨在通过一种方法生产具有多个金属位点的SACs，最近取得了重大突破。然而，对这些策略的全面审查仍然缺乏，但对于实现一致的、可比的催化性能至关重要。通用合成SAC提高了合成可靠性，指导了高性能SAC的设计。在这里，我们总结了最近通用SAC合成的进展，为标准化提供见解。我们全面概述了已有的通用方法，并将其分为四个关键策略：(1)分子锚定，(2)金属配合物热解，(3)晶格约束和(4)电化学沉积。最后，我们对这些策略在推进基础和工业SAC合成方面的潜力进行了展望，并概述了优化和创新的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Precisely deciphering solid electrolyte interphase 精确破译固体电解质间相

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102368

Enhui Wang , Shaohua Ge , Wenbin Li , Beibei Fu , Fangyi Zhou , Weihua Chen

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a critical role in the cycling stability and safety issues of rechargeable batteries. To provide valuable suggestions for customized SEI regulation, a precise SEI understanding is essential and advanced detection techniques are indispensable. In this review, SEI formation, structure, ion transport, and failure mechanisms were first elucidated from the fundamental perspectives. Emerging detection techniques were briefly introduced, according to the high demands of SEI deciphering in high sensitivity, visualization, quantification, and simulation. Then, emphasis was given to the current advances of SEI study, to provide a systematic cognition of SEI in the aspects of component identification, structural distribution, physical-chemical properties, SEI functionalities (including ion conductivity and electronic insulation), and SEI chemistry-structure-property relationship. In the future, more efforts are suggested to penetrate into basic scientific issues, dynamic processes, multi-technique integration, and simulational techniques to provide more reliable understanding and guidance of high-quality SEI.

固体电解质界面在可充电电池的循环稳定性和安全性问题中起着至关重要的作用。为了提供有价值的建议，定制SEI调节，精确的SEI理解是必不可少的，先进的检测技术是必不可少的。本文首先从基础的角度阐述了SEI的形成、结构、离子输运和失效机制。针对SEI解密在高灵敏度、可视化、量化、仿真等方面的高要求，简要介绍了新兴的检测技术。然后，重点介绍了SEI的研究现状，从组分鉴定、结构分布、理化性质、SEI功能（包括离子电导率和电子绝缘）、SEI化学-结构-性能关系等方面对SEI进行了系统的认识。建议今后在基础科学问题、动态过程、多技术集成、仿真技术等方面进行深入研究，为高质量SEI提供更可靠的认识和指导。

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引用次数: 0

Surface termination engineering of 2D titanium carbides for light-activated soft robotics applications 用于光激活软机器人的二维碳化钛表面终端工程

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102264

Dhamelyz Silva-Quinones , Xingjian Hu , Brian Cole , Anna Bethke , Alexander Hool , Yilin Zhao , William Collins , Wubin Bai , Qiangu Yan , Jianjun Wei , Michael D. Dickey , Daniel Franke , Aaron D. Franklin , Haozhe Wang

The transition metal carbide (TMC) Ti₃C₂T_x features high conductivity, photothermal conversion, and flexibility, making it promising for light-driven soft actuators. However, conventional synthesis often results in fluorine terminations that degrade photothermal efficiency. This study introduces a plasma-enabled atomic layer etching (plasma-ALE) approach to precisely engineer the surface termination of Ti₃C₂T_x, transforming the surface chemistry from fluorine-dominated to oxygen-dominated terminations, achieving an 80% conductivity increase and significantly enhanced photothermal efficiency. Incorporating cellulose nanofibrils further improves ALE-treated actuator response under near-infrared light, yielding up to 165° bending and 40 mN force, outperforming other 2D material-based actuators. The plasma-ALE process is compatible with various fabrication methods, including vacuum filtration and aerosol jet printing, enabling scalable designs. Furthermore, plasma-ALE treatment facilitates actuators capable of grasping and locomotion. This work paves the way for advanced surface engineering of TMCs and their integration into multifunctional soft robotic systems.

过渡金属碳化物（TMC） Ti3C2Tx具有高导电性，光热转换和灵活性，使其成为光驱动软执行器的理想材料。然而，传统的合成通常会导致氟终止，从而降低光热效率。本研究引入了一种等离子体激活原子层刻蚀（plasma-ALE）方法来精确地设计Ti3C2Tx的表面末端，将表面化学从以氟为主的末端转变为以氧为主的末端，实现了80%的电导率提高和显著提高的光热效率。在近红外光下，纤维素纳米原纤维进一步改善了ale处理的致动器的响应，产生高达165°的弯曲和40 mN的力，优于其他基于2D材料的致动器。等离子体- ale工艺与各种制造方法兼容，包括真空过滤和气溶胶喷射打印，实现可扩展的设计。此外，等离子体ale处理促进了能够抓取和运动的驱动器。这项工作为tmc的高级表面工程及其与多功能软机器人系统的集成铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Stereoisomeric synergy of AIEgens: Homology-driven camouflage and divergent responsiveness for dynamic multistate anti-counterfeiting AIEgens的立体异构体协同作用：同源驱动的伪装和动态多态防伪的发散响应

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102332

Lin Lu , Bo Wu , Xinyuan He , Lei Zeng , Jianxing Wang , Ryan T.K. Kwok , Jianwei Sun , Zheng Zhao , Jacky W.Y. Lam , Ben Zhong Tang

The threat of counterfeiting demands advanced anti-counterfeiting systems integrating dynamic multistate control with molecular-level security. Limited by static signatures or single-stimulus responsiveness, balancing counterfeit resistance and authorized decodability is difficult. Here, we present stereoisomeric engineering of aggregation-induced emission luminogens, E/Z-TPEMN (tetraphenylethene with methoxy and naphthalimide moieties), which leverages molecular homology with identical frameworks and stimulus-specific divergence responses to achieve multilevel information encryption. Both isomers exhibit identical orange emission in solution, making them initially camouflaged. In aggregates, E-TPEMN shows reversible mechano-/solvatochromism with green/orange shifts, while Z-TPEMN responds minimally, enabling selective signal activation. Both isomers undergo synchronized photoisomerization and self-catalyzed photocleavage, irreversibly transitioning to blue-emitting BPMN. By orchestrating sequential stimuli (solvent, force, and light), the programmable high-contrast fluorescent labels are custom designed. Further, we achieve hierarchical control over information states: initial camouflage via uniform fluorescence, selective decryption through solvent-triggered E-TPEMN activation, photomask-based information writing via photoreaction, temporary concealment through mechanical disruption, and permanent erasure via photocleavage.

假冒的威胁要求先进的防伪系统将动态多态控制与分子级安全相结合。由于静态签名或单刺激响应性的限制，很难平衡抗伪造性和授权可解码性。在这里，我们提出了聚集诱导发射发光物质的立体异构体工程，E/Z-TPEMN（含甲氧基和萘酰亚胺的四苯基乙烯），它利用具有相同框架的分子同源性和刺激特异性发散响应来实现多级信息加密。两种异构体在溶液中表现出相同的橙色辐射，使它们最初被伪装。在聚集体中，E-TPEMN表现出可逆的机制/溶剂化变色，具有绿色/橙色偏移，而Z-TPEMN的响应最小，能够选择性激活信号。两种异构体都经历同步光异构化和自催化光裂解，不可逆地转变为蓝色发光的BPMN。通过协调顺序刺激（溶剂，力和光），可编程的高对比度荧光标签是定制设计的。此外，我们实现了对信息状态的分层控制：通过均匀荧光进行初始伪装，通过溶剂触发E-TPEMN激活进行选择性解密，通过光反应进行基于光掩膜的信息写入，通过机械破坏进行临时隐藏，以及通过光裂解进行永久擦除。

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引用次数: 0

High-temperature-resilient hyperbolicity in a mixed-dimensional superlattice 混合维超晶格中的高温弹性双曲性

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102290

Jason Lynch , Tzu-Yu Peng , Jing-Wei Yang , Ben R. Conran , Bongjun Choi , Cindy Yueli Chen , Zahra Fakhraai , Clifford McAleese , Yu-Jung Lu , Deep Jariwala

Hyperbolic superlattices are used for subwavelength focusing, cloaking, and optical thermal management. Typically, these superlattices are constructed of layers of noble metals and insulators. Despite these systems displaying excellent optical performance, the poor thermal stability of noble metals prevents their application in high-temperature environments. Instead, CMOS-compatible transition-metal nitrides are often substituted for noble metals in plasmonic systems since they have high thermal stability at the expense of optical properties. Here, we fabricate hyperbolic titanium nitride (TiN)/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) superlattices with 3D-2D interfaces. The mixed-dimensional nature of the interfaces prevents atoms from diffusing across the interface at high temperatures. The hyperbolicity of the superlattice is found to be unaffected by annealing at high temperature (800°C for 5 days), and TiN/hBN is found to have a larger hyperbolic figure of merit than similar superlattices.

双曲超晶格用于亚波长聚焦、隐形和光学热管理。通常，这些超晶格是由贵金属层和绝缘体构成的。尽管这些系统具有优异的光学性能，但贵金属的热稳定性差阻碍了它们在高温环境中的应用。相反，在等离子体系统中，cmos兼容的过渡金属氮化物通常取代贵金属，因为它们以牺牲光学性能为代价具有高热稳定性。在这里，我们制备了具有3D-2D界面的双曲型氮化钛(TiN)/六方氮化硼（hBN）超晶格。界面的混合维性质阻止了原子在高温下通过界面扩散。发现在高温下（800℃退火5天），TiN/hBN的双曲度不受影响，并且发现TiN/hBN比类似的超晶格具有更大的双曲值。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid scalable plasma processing of thin-film Li–La–Zr–O solid-state electrolytes 薄膜Li-La-Zr-O固态电解质的快速可扩展等离子体处理

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102468

Gabriel Badillo Crane , Thomas W. Colburn , Sarah E. Holmes , Justus Just , Yi Cui , Reinhold H. Dauskardt

Solid-state electrolytes, such as lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO), show promise as technologies for next-generation high-energy-density batteries, but commercial development has been hindered by a lack of scalable processing methods. Current fabrication methods are costly or require long annealing steps to create dense films. We report an atmospheric pressure blown-arc nitrogen plasma jet process to rapidly form sub-micrometer-thick, dense amorphous LLZO (a-LLZO) films from sol-gel precursors. Films are processed in less than 2 min, an order of magnitude faster than what has previously been reported. We demonstrate 500-nm-thick a-LLZO films processed at 350°C with an ionic conductivity of 2 × 10⁻⁶ S/cm at 30°C and 2 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 100°C and a conductance of 19 S at 100°C, the highest conductance of any LLZO phase to date. The films exhibit outstanding smooth surface morphology with low defectivity, advancing atmospheric plasma processing as a scalable processing method for solid-state electrolytes.

固态电解质，如氧化锂镧锆（LLZO），有望成为下一代高能量密度电池的技术，但由于缺乏可扩展的加工方法，其商业发展一直受到阻碍。目前的制造方法是昂贵的，或者需要很长的退火步骤来制造致密的薄膜。我们报道了一种常压吹弧氮气等离子体喷射工艺，可以从溶胶-凝胶前驱体快速形成亚微米厚的致密无定形LLZO （a-LLZO）薄膜。胶片的处理时间不到2分钟，比之前报道的要快一个数量级。我们展示了在350°C下处理的500纳米厚的a-LLZO薄膜，在30°C和100°C下的离子电导率分别为2 × 10 - 6 S/cm和2 × 10 - 3 S/cm，在100°C下的电导率为19 S，是迄今为止任何LLZO相的最高电导率。该薄膜具有出色的光滑表面形态和低缺陷，推动了大气等离子体处理作为固态电解质的可扩展处理方法。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid Cu(I)-based glassy cluster gel scintillator film by in situ UV photopolymerization 紫外光原位聚合杂化Cu(I)基玻璃团簇凝胶闪烁体薄膜

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102214

Bohan Li , Yongsheng Sun , Yuzhen Wang , Jiance Jin , Kai Han , Yan Xu , Zhiguo Xia

Highly transparent and large-area scintillator film is highly desirable for next-generation X-ray imaging and detection. Herein, we develop a rapid and in situ synthesis strategy to fabricate polymer scintillator film composed of (C₁₄H₁₅P)₄Cu₄I₄ glassy cluster gel (M1-GCG). The large-area M1-GCG film of 20 × 12 cm was obtained by in situ UV photopolymerization within 30 s, showing ∼90% transmittance in the broad spectral region of 400–1,000 nm, in which Cu(I) iodide clusters coordinated by phosphine ligands are generated as a glassy form in the polymer network structure and uniformly distributed under supramolecular interactions, as the polymer monomer is polymerized and cross-linked under ultraviolet light. We develop a brand-new chemical synthesis route toward polymer-based composite scintillator film, and the M1-GCG film with high transparency and scintillation properties, as well as high-resolution X-ray imaging ability, shows extraordinary potential for large-area medical imaging and industrial non-destructive detection.

高透明度和大面积闪烁体薄膜是下一代x射线成像和探测的理想选择。在此，我们开发了一种快速的原位合成策略来制备由（C14H15P）4Cu4I4玻璃团簇凝胶（M1-GCG）组成的聚合物闪烁体薄膜。通过原位紫外光聚合，在30 s内获得了面积为20 × 12 cm的大面积M1-GCG薄膜，在400 - 1000 nm的广谱区透光率为~ 90%，其中，在紫外光作用下，聚合物单体聚合交联，以磷配体配位的碘化Cu(I)簇在聚合物网络结构中呈玻璃状形成，在超分子相互作用下均匀分布。我们开发了全新的基于聚合物的复合闪烁体膜的化学合成路线，具有高透明度和闪烁性能的M1-GCG膜，以及高分辨率的x射线成像能力，在大面积医学成像和工业无损检测方面显示出非凡的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Orthogonal light triggering of dynamic polymer networks toward on-demand shape evolution control 面向按需形状演化控制的动态聚合物网络正交光触发

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102292

Chen Yang , Baoyi Wu , Huijie Wang , Qian Zhao , Di Chen

Shape-shifting materials are bases of soft machines to accomplish sophisticated tasks. While significant progress has been made in diversifying shape transformation behaviors, current evolution pathways are determined by pre-programming approaches, limiting real-time adaptability and flexibility during operation. Here, we report a dynamic covalent polymer network swollen with a nonvolatile aliphatic acid mixture, which enables multi-shape memory properties. During shape-shifting, ultraviolet light is employed to spatially lock the geometries through disulfide bond exchange, allowing the on-demand adjustment of shape evolution. Additionally, the introduction of a photothermal azobenzene derivative allows the gel to undergo sequential shape recovery upon near-infrared light irradiation. This design facilitates real-time control of shape evolution through orthogonal light, overcoming the constraints of pre-programming. Building on this, the polymer is employed as a functional switch with an error-correction capability to enhance electrical safety. The versatility and adaptability of our strategy exhibit great potentials to fabricate future shape-shifting devices.

可变形材料是完成复杂任务的软机器的基础。虽然在形状变换行为多样化方面取得了重大进展，但目前的进化路径是由预编程方法决定的，限制了操作过程中的实时适应性和灵活性。在这里，我们报告了一个动态共价聚合物网络膨胀与非挥发性脂肪酸混合物，这使多形状记忆特性。在变形过程中，紫外光通过二硫键交换在空间上锁定几何形状，允许按需调整形状演变。此外，光热偶氮苯衍生物的引入允许凝胶在近红外光照射下进行顺序形状恢复。该设计克服了预编程的限制，通过正交光实现了形状演化的实时控制。在此基础上，该聚合物被用作具有纠错能力的功能开关，以提高电气安全性。我们的策略的多功能性和适应性显示出制造未来变形设备的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Generating structured foam via flowing through a wire array 通过导线阵列产生结构泡沫

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102452

Artem Skrypnik , Leon Knüpfer , Pavel Trtik , Tobias Lappan , Muhammad Ziauddin , Sascha Heitkam

Efficient manufacturing methods could unlock foams with tailored, anisotropic properties. Conventional foam production methods rely on the self-arrangement of bubbles, typically leading to isotropic materials, or involve intricate additive layering processes. This study presents a simple, passive technique to modify the foam structure. A set of thin parallel wires was introduced into the foam flow. Initially, the bubbles are randomly arranged as they rise vertically within a column. Passing through the wire grid alters the bubble arrangement. Neutron radiography of the flowing foam reveals a distinct change in the structural organization of the bubbles. The resulting structural anisotropy is characterized by alternating layers of high and low liquid fractions. The strength of the pattern is significantly influenced by the relation between bubble size and wire spacing. These findings suggest a potential approach for creating architected materials from liquid foam, offering new possibilities for material design and improved functionality.

高效的制造方法可以解锁具有定制、各向异性特性的泡沫。传统的泡沫生产方法依赖于气泡的自排列，通常导致各向同性材料，或者涉及复杂的添加剂分层过程。本研究提出了一种简单的被动技术来改变泡沫结构。在泡沫流中引入一组细的平行导线。最初，气泡是随机排列的，因为它们在一个柱内垂直上升。通过金属丝网改变了气泡的排列。流动泡沫的中子射线照相显示气泡结构组织的明显变化。由此产生的结构各向异性的特征是高、低液体组分的交替层。气泡尺寸和丝间距之间的关系对图案强度有显著影响。这些发现提出了一种从液体泡沫中创造建筑材料的潜在方法，为材料设计和改进功能提供了新的可能性。

引用次数: 0

Thermoelectric fabric enables smart wound monitoring and accelerated healing 热电织物可实现智能伤口监测和加速愈合

IF 17.5 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Matter

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102475

Yu Meng , Zhenghui Pan , Cheng Li , Qichong Zhang

Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, remain a significant clinical challenge. To address this problem, this preview highlights pioneering research into a thermogalvanic cell dressing for bacterial elimination, smart wound monitoring, and accelerated healing.

慢性伤口，特别是糖尿病足溃疡，仍然是一个重大的临床挑战。为了解决这个问题，本预览强调了热原电池敷料的开创性研究，用于细菌消除，智能伤口监测和加速愈合。

引用次数: 0

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