Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.018
Tao Wang , Min-Jie Zou , Dehe Zhang , Yu-Chieh Ku , Yawen Zheng , Shen Pan , Zhongqi Ren , Zedong Xu , Haoliang Huang , Wei Luo , Yunlong Tang , Lang Chen , Cheng-En Liu , Chun-Fu Chang , Sujit Das , Laurent Bellaiche , Yurong Yang , Xiu-Liang Ma , Chang-Yang Kuo , Xingjun Liu , Zuhuang Chen
Efforts to combine the advantages of multiple systems to enhance functionalities through solid-solution design present a great challenge due to the constraint imposed by the classical Vegard’s law. Here, we successfully navigate this trade-off by leveraging the synergistic effect of chemical doping and strain engineering in the solid-solution system of (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3. Unlike bulks, a significant deviation from Vegard’s law accompanied by enhanced multiferroism is observed in strained solid-solution epitaxial films, where we achieve a pronounced tetragonality (∼1.1), enhanced saturated magnetization (∼12 emu/cm3), substantial polarization (∼107 μC/cm2), and high ferroelectric Curie temperature (∼880°C), all while maintaining impressively low leakage current. These characteristics surpass the properties of their parent BiFeO3 and BaTiO3 films. Moreover, the superior ferroelectricity has never been reported in corresponding bulks (e.g., P ∼5 μC/cm2 and TC ∼300°C for bulk, with x = 0.5). These findings underscore the potential of strained (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 films as lead-free, room temperature multiferroics.
{"title":"Large enhancement of properties in strained lead-free multiferroic solid solutions with strong deviation from Vegard’s law","authors":"Tao Wang , Min-Jie Zou , Dehe Zhang , Yu-Chieh Ku , Yawen Zheng , Shen Pan , Zhongqi Ren , Zedong Xu , Haoliang Huang , Wei Luo , Yunlong Tang , Lang Chen , Cheng-En Liu , Chun-Fu Chang , Sujit Das , Laurent Bellaiche , Yurong Yang , Xiu-Liang Ma , Chang-Yang Kuo , Xingjun Liu , Zuhuang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efforts to combine the advantages of multiple systems to enhance functionalities through solid-solution design present a great challenge due to the constraint imposed by the classical Vegard’s law. Here, we successfully navigate this trade-off by leveraging the synergistic effect of chemical doping and strain engineering in the solid-solution system of (1-<em>x</em>)BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-<em>x</em>BaTiO<sub>3</sub>. Unlike bulks, a significant deviation from Vegard’s law accompanied by enhanced multiferroism is observed in strained solid-solution epitaxial films, where we achieve a pronounced tetragonality (∼1.1), enhanced saturated magnetization (∼12 emu/cm<sup>3</sup>), substantial polarization (∼107 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>), and high ferroelectric Curie temperature (∼880°C), all while maintaining impressively low leakage current. These characteristics surpass the properties of their parent BiFeO<sub>3</sub> and BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films. Moreover, the superior ferroelectricity has never been reported in corresponding bulks (e.g., <em>P</em> ∼5 μC/cm<sup>2</sup> and <em>T</em><sub>C</sub> ∼300°C for bulk, with <em>x</em> = 0.5). These findings underscore the potential of strained (1-<em>x</em>)BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-<em>x</em>BaTiO<sub>3</sub> films as lead-free, room temperature multiferroics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101874"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.008
Gokce Altin-Yavuzarslan , Kinsey Drake , Shuo-Fu Yuan , Sierra M. Brooks , Eng Kwa , Hal S. Alper , Alshakim Nelson
Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a class of materials comprising living cells and a polymer (or biopolymer) network that together afford a function, performance, or property that could not be achieved by the individual components. There are limited means to fabricate ELM bioplastics with arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) shapes and requisite physical properties for mechanical performance. Herein, we use programmed bioproduction to tune the stiffness and degradation of ELMs with protein-based matrices. Using genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, it is possible to induce the production of betaxanthins and proteinase A in response to copper ions and galactose, respectively. The betaxanthins served to enhance the modulus of the bioplastics and reduce the degradative activity of native proteases, whereas proteinase A was produced for the rapid on-demand degradation of the ELM. This biomanufacturing approach provides the means to fabricate ELMs with arbitrary 3D shapes and bio-augmented mechanical properties that also address demands for sustainability.
{"title":"Genetically programmed engineered living materials as high-performance bioplastics","authors":"Gokce Altin-Yavuzarslan , Kinsey Drake , Shuo-Fu Yuan , Sierra M. Brooks , Eng Kwa , Hal S. Alper , Alshakim Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a class of materials comprising living cells and a polymer (or biopolymer) network that together afford a function, performance, or property that could not be achieved by the individual components. There are limited means to fabricate ELM bioplastics with arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) shapes and requisite physical properties for mechanical performance. Herein, we use programmed bioproduction to tune the stiffness and degradation of ELMs with protein-based matrices. Using genetically engineered <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> strains, it is possible to induce the production of betaxanthins and proteinase A in response to copper ions and galactose, respectively. The betaxanthins served to enhance the modulus of the bioplastics and reduce the degradative activity of native proteases, whereas proteinase A was produced for the rapid on-demand degradation of the ELM. This biomanufacturing approach provides the means to fabricate ELMs with arbitrary 3D shapes and bio-augmented mechanical properties that also address demands for sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101890"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ion trapping in electrodes upon long-term cycling is found to be one of the main reasons for performance degradation in electrochromic devices. Galvanostatic and potentiostatic post-treatments can rejuvenate degraded electrochromic layers. However, these procedures require high oxidation potentials, which are neither safe for the electrode-electrolyte system nor compatible with the operation of a full device. In the present paper, we report that degraded electrochromic oxides can be rejuvenated by a photo-electrochemical synergistically induced ion detrapping procedure. The UV light-induced photocurrent assists ion detrapping and limits the applied potential to the safe range used for electrochromic switching. This approach has been demonstrated to be effective for several cathodic electrochromic oxides and can be directly implemented in a full device. Our findings provide new vistas for efforts to expand the lifespan of electrochromic devices and other ion intercalation-based devices.
{"title":"Photo-electrochemical synergistically induced ion detrapping for electrochromic device rejuvenation","authors":"Qinqi Zhou , Peipei Shao , Renfu Zhang , Siyuan Huang , Yiwen Zhang , Ying Zhu , Menghan Yin , Gunnar A. Niklasson , Rui-Tao Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ion trapping in electrodes upon long-term cycling is found to be one of the main reasons for performance degradation in electrochromic devices. Galvanostatic and potentiostatic post-treatments can rejuvenate degraded electrochromic layers. However, these procedures require high oxidation potentials, which are neither safe for the electrode-electrolyte system nor compatible with the operation of a full device. In the present paper, we report that degraded electrochromic oxides can be rejuvenated by a photo-electrochemical synergistically induced ion detrapping procedure. The UV light-induced photocurrent assists ion detrapping and limits the applied potential to the safe range used for electrochromic switching. This approach has been demonstrated to be effective for several cathodic electrochromic oxides and can be directly implemented in a full device. Our findings provide new vistas for efforts to expand the lifespan of electrochromic devices and other ion intercalation-based devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.022
Hao Huang , Haoyu Zhang , Ningjie Du , Yidan Lyu , Jiahang Xu , Haoran Fu , Yixin Guan , Kewang Nan
Despite the prolonged therapeutic benefits offered by many existing extended-release oral drug formulations, their inability to conform to circadian rhythms and specific pathological profiles remains a critical limitation. Here, we report drug origami, a computation-guided, origami-inspired approach for modulating the drug release kinetics of oral formulations. By harnessing the precise folding patterns of origami, the drug origami demonstrates characteristics of pulsatile and multiphasic release that can be tailored to match specific medication regimens. By employing computational models guided by control equations, both in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics can be predicted and modulated with good quantitative agreement. This and other evidence suggest drug origami to be “do-it-yourself” drugs in personalized medicine where patients can create their own formulations according to individual medical needs.
{"title":"Drug origami: A computation-guided approach for customizable drug release kinetics of oral formulations","authors":"Hao Huang , Haoyu Zhang , Ningjie Du , Yidan Lyu , Jiahang Xu , Haoran Fu , Yixin Guan , Kewang Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the prolonged therapeutic benefits offered by many existing extended-release oral drug formulations, their inability to conform to circadian rhythms and specific pathological profiles remains a critical limitation. Here, we report drug origami, a computation-guided, origami-inspired approach for modulating the drug release kinetics of oral formulations. By harnessing the precise folding patterns of origami, the drug origami demonstrates characteristics of pulsatile and multiphasic release that can be tailored to match specific medication regimens. By employing computational models guided by control equations, both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> drug release kinetics can be predicted and modulated with good quantitative agreement. This and other evidence suggest drug origami to be “do-it-yourself” drugs in personalized medicine where patients can create their own formulations according to individual medical needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101878"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.007
Yue Li , Shurui Wang , Zhou Lv , Zhaoji Wang , Yunbiao Zhao , Ying Xie , Yang Xu , Liu Qian , Yaodong Yang , Ziqiang Zhao , Jin Zhang
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) hold immense promise in electronics, energy, and mechanics. However, their practical applications face synthesis challenges stemming from complexities in structural control, large-area uniformity, and consistency, unaddressed by current research methodologies. Here, we introduce carbon copilot (CARCO), an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platform that integrates transformer-based language models, robotic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and data-driven machine learning models. Employing CARCO, we discovered a novel titanium-platinum bimetallic catalyst for high-density horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) array synthesis, outperforming traditional catalysts. Furthermore, leveraging millions of virtual experiments, we achieved an unprecedented 56.25% precision in synthesizing predetermined densities of HACNT arrays. All were accomplished within just 43 days. This work not only advances the field of CBNs but also exemplifies the integration of AI with human expertise to overcome the limitations of traditional experimental approaches, marking a paradigm shift in nanomaterials research and paving the way for broader applications.
{"title":"Transforming the synthesis of carbon nanotubes with machine learning models and automation","authors":"Yue Li , Shurui Wang , Zhou Lv , Zhaoji Wang , Yunbiao Zhao , Ying Xie , Yang Xu , Liu Qian , Yaodong Yang , Ziqiang Zhao , Jin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) hold immense promise in electronics, energy, and mechanics. However, their practical applications face synthesis challenges stemming from complexities in structural control, large-area uniformity, and consistency, unaddressed by current research methodologies. Here, we introduce carbon copilot (CARCO), an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platform that integrates transformer-based language models, robotic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and data-driven machine learning models. Employing CARCO, we discovered a novel titanium-platinum bimetallic catalyst for high-density horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) array synthesis, outperforming traditional catalysts. Furthermore, leveraging millions of virtual experiments, we achieved an unprecedented 56.25% precision in synthesizing predetermined densities of HACNT arrays. All were accomplished within just 43 days. This work not only advances the field of CBNs but also exemplifies the integration of AI with human expertise to overcome the limitations of traditional experimental approaches, marking a paradigm shift in nanomaterials research and paving the way for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101913"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.019
He Li , Feng Zhao , Maowen Liu , Dasheng Wei , Yan Gao , Chaoli Ma , Ruixiao Zheng , Bin Chen
Single crystals have grain boundary-free structure and possess superior properties; thus, they are in great demand in industry. Conventional melt-based single-crystal growth methods are dominated by strict and complicated processes, usually leading to small and expensive single crystals. Here, we report a solid-based approach, namely “texture-engineered grain growth,” for preparing bulk single crystals in a controllable and cost-efficient manner. Using copper as an example, we show that deformation texturing can effectively induce abnormal grain growth of cold-drawn copper bars during recrystallization, in which {111} grains grow preferably by coalescing neighboring small grains. Moreover, the applied temperature gradient enables the as-formed abnormally large grain to act as a seeding crystal to expand directionally throughout the entire textured copper bar, readily converting the textured polycrystals into a bulk single crystal. The technique is also applicable to the growth of bulk single-crystal nickel. The texture-induced monocrystallization strategy would advance large-scale manufacturing and applications of bulk single crystals.
{"title":"Fabrication of bulk single crystals via texture-engineered grain growth","authors":"He Li , Feng Zhao , Maowen Liu , Dasheng Wei , Yan Gao , Chaoli Ma , Ruixiao Zheng , Bin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single crystals have grain boundary-free structure and possess superior properties; thus, they are in great demand in industry. Conventional melt-based single-crystal growth methods are dominated by strict and complicated processes, usually leading to small and expensive single crystals. Here, we report a solid-based approach, namely “texture-engineered grain growth,” for preparing bulk single crystals in a controllable and cost-efficient manner. Using copper as an example, we show that deformation texturing can effectively induce abnormal grain growth of cold-drawn copper bars during recrystallization, in which {111} grains grow preferably by coalescing neighboring small grains. Moreover, the applied temperature gradient enables the as-formed abnormally large grain to act as a seeding crystal to expand directionally throughout the entire textured copper bar, readily converting the textured polycrystals into a bulk single crystal. The technique is also applicable to the growth of bulk single-crystal nickel. The texture-induced monocrystallization strategy would advance large-scale manufacturing and applications of bulk single crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101875"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.014
Wenbing Wu , Alain Kadar , Sang Hyun Lee , Hong Ju Jung , Bum Chul Park , Jeffery E. Raymond , Thomas K. Tsotsis , Carlos E.S. Cesnik , Sharon C. Glotzer , Valerie Goss , Nicholas A. Kotov
Complex multifunctional coatings combining order and disorder are central for information, biomedical, transportation, and energy technologies. Their scalable fabrication is possible using nanostructured composites made by layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). Here, we show that structural descriptions encompassing their nonrandom disorder and related property-focused design are possible using graph theory (GT). Two-dimensional images of LBL films of silver and gold nanowires (NWs) were used to calculate GT representations. We found that random stick computational models often used to describe NW, nanofiber, and nanotube materials give inaccurate predictions of their structure. Concurrently, image-informed GT models accurately predict the structure and properties of the LBL films, including the unexpected nonlinearity of charge transport vs. LBL cycles. The conductivity anisotropy in LBL composites, not readily detectable with microscopy, was accurately predicted using GT models. Spray-assisted LBL offers the direct translation of GT predictions to additive, scalable coatings for drones and potentially other technologies.
{"title":"Layer-by-layer assembled nanowire networks enable graph-theoretical design of multifunctional coatings","authors":"Wenbing Wu , Alain Kadar , Sang Hyun Lee , Hong Ju Jung , Bum Chul Park , Jeffery E. Raymond , Thomas K. Tsotsis , Carlos E.S. Cesnik , Sharon C. Glotzer , Valerie Goss , Nicholas A. Kotov","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex multifunctional coatings combining order and disorder are central for information, biomedical, transportation, and energy technologies. Their scalable fabrication is possible using nanostructured composites made by layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). Here, we show that structural descriptions encompassing their nonrandom disorder and related property-focused design are possible using graph theory (GT). Two-dimensional images of LBL films of silver and gold nanowires (NWs) were used to calculate GT representations. We found that random stick computational models often used to describe NW, nanofiber, and nanotube materials give inaccurate predictions of their structure. Concurrently, image-informed GT models accurately predict the structure and properties of the LBL films, including the unexpected nonlinearity of charge transport vs. LBL cycles. The conductivity anisotropy in LBL composites, not readily detectable with microscopy, was accurately predicted using GT models. Spray-assisted LBL offers the direct translation of GT predictions to additive, scalable coatings for drones and potentially other technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101870"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.007
Gaurab J. Thapa , Mihirsinh Chauhan , Jacob P. Mauthe , Daniel B. Dougherty , Aram Amassian
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells have made remarkable inroads toward 20% power conversion efficiency, yet non-radiative recombination losses (ΔVnr) remain high. Here, we spatially map the energetic landscape of BHJs and ascribe charge transfer (CT) states to each interface, revealing where non-radiative recombination losses occur. We do so by locally mapping the energy distributions of modern PM6-based BHJs using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with sensitive external quantum efficiency (s-EQE) analysis. The non-radiative energy losses are dictated by a combination of the singlet (S1) to CT energy offset (ΔES1-CT) and the interfacial energetic disorder. PM6:Y6 achieves low ΔVnr by forming a sharp donor/acceptor (D/A) interface with low interfacial disorder that can be tuned by judicious formulation and processing of the BHJ. The emerging design rule for low ΔVnr in modern non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is to achieve sharp D/A interfaces with minimized ΔES1-CT and low interfacial electronic disorder of both D and A components.
{"title":"Mapping the interfacial energetic landscape in organic solar cells reveals pathways to reducing non-radiative losses","authors":"Gaurab J. Thapa , Mihirsinh Chauhan , Jacob P. Mauthe , Daniel B. Dougherty , Aram Amassian","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells have made remarkable inroads toward 20% power conversion efficiency, yet non-radiative recombination losses (ΔV<sub>nr</sub>) remain high. Here, we spatially map the energetic landscape of BHJs and ascribe charge transfer (CT) states to each interface, revealing where non-radiative recombination losses occur. We do so by locally mapping the energy distributions of modern PM6-based BHJs using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with sensitive external quantum efficiency (s-EQE) analysis. The non-radiative energy losses are dictated by a combination of the singlet (S<sub>1</sub>) to CT energy offset (ΔE<sub>S1-CT</sub>) and the interfacial energetic disorder. PM6:Y6 achieves low ΔV<sub>nr</sub> by forming a sharp donor/acceptor (D/A) interface with low interfacial disorder that can be tuned by judicious formulation and processing of the BHJ. The emerging design rule for low ΔV<sub>nr</sub> in modern non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) is to achieve sharp D/A interfaces with minimized ΔE<sub>S1-CT</sub> and low interfacial electronic disorder of both D and A components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101889"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.030
Jian-Xin Wang , Tengjiao He , Osama Shekhah , Luis Gutiérrez-Arzaluz , Esma Ugur , Simil Thomas , Youdong Cheng , Xin Zhu , Hao Jiang , Tengyue He , Lijie Wang , Jiangtao Jia , Stefaan De Wolf , Husam N. Alshareef , Osman M. Bakr , Mohamed Eddaoudi , Omar F. Mohammed
In the field of X-ray imaging, innovative techniques using continuous screens composed of pure scintillation materials provide promising avenues to achieve high spatial resolution and cost effectiveness while reshaping future X-ray imaging technologies. Here, we present a versatile approach based on in situ electrochemical-directed synthesis for the growth of uniform polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films that are tailored for X-ray imaging. Through this electrochemical process, a series of continuous MOF thin films were successfully synthesized and deposited using interconnected lanthanides as the metal centers and terephthalic acid as the organic linkers. Notably, Tb-terephthalate MOF thin films were revealed as excellent materials that enable ultrahigh-resolution X-ray imaging. This achievement is attributed to improved material density and a significant reduction in light scattering. Remarkably, this MOF thin film surpassed most reported organic and inorganic scintillators, achieving an X-ray imaging resolution of 32 line pairs per millimeter.
{"title":"In situ electrochemical deposition of compact metal-organic framework thin films for high-resolution X-ray imaging","authors":"Jian-Xin Wang , Tengjiao He , Osama Shekhah , Luis Gutiérrez-Arzaluz , Esma Ugur , Simil Thomas , Youdong Cheng , Xin Zhu , Hao Jiang , Tengyue He , Lijie Wang , Jiangtao Jia , Stefaan De Wolf , Husam N. Alshareef , Osman M. Bakr , Mohamed Eddaoudi , Omar F. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matt.2024.11.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of X-ray imaging, innovative techniques using continuous screens composed of pure scintillation materials provide promising avenues to achieve high spatial resolution and cost effectiveness while reshaping future X-ray imaging technologies. Here, we present a versatile approach based on <em>in situ</em> electrochemical-directed synthesis for the growth of uniform polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films that are tailored for X-ray imaging. Through this electrochemical process, a series of continuous MOF thin films were successfully synthesized and deposited using interconnected lanthanides as the metal centers and terephthalic acid as the organic linkers. Notably, Tb-terephthalate MOF thin films were revealed as excellent materials that enable ultrahigh-resolution X-ray imaging. This achievement is attributed to improved material density and a significant reduction in light scattering. Remarkably, this MOF thin film surpassed most reported organic and inorganic scintillators, achieving an X-ray imaging resolution of 32 line pairs per millimeter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.10.011
Xin He , Hua Wang , Jian Sun , Xixiang Zhang , Kai Chang , Fei Xue
The introduction of foreign ions, atoms, or molecules into emerging functional materials is crucial for manipulating the physical properties of materials and innovating device applications. The intercalation of emerging new materials can induce multiple intrinsic changes, such as charge doping, chemical bonding, and lattice expansion, which facilitate the exploration of structural phase transformations, the tuning of symmetry-breaking-related physics, and the creation of brain-inspired advanced devices. Moreover, incorporating various hosts and intercalants enables a series of crystal structures with a rich spectrum of characteristics, greatly expanding the scope and fundamental understanding of existing materials. Here, we summarize typically used methods for the intercalation of functional materials. We highlight recent progress in intercalation-based phase transitions and their emerging physics (i.e., ferroelectric, magnetic, insulator-metal, superconducting, and charge-density-wave phase transitions). We discuss prospective device applications for intercalation-based phase transitions (i.e., neuromorphic devices). Finally, we provide potential future research lines for promoting further development of intercalation-based phase transitions.
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